A1 · 초급 챕터 4

Starting, Continuing, and Revealing

5 총 규칙
53 예문
6 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master dynamic directional complements to describe how actions start, continue, and reveal hidden information.

  • Use 起来(qǐlái) to trigger the start of an action or express a first impression.
  • Apply 出来(chūlái) to reveal secrets, recognize people, or bring ideas into existence.
  • Manage time and state with 下来(xiàlái) for recording and 下去(xiàqù) for continuing.
Move your verbs forward, downward, and outward!

배울 내용

Ready to supercharge your Chinese verbs? This chapter is your secret weapon for making your conversations sound natural and dynamic! Don't worry, it's easier than you think and incredibly rewarding. You'll start by mastering '起来' (qǐlái). This versatile complement describes actions or feelings that *spring up* suddenly – like standing up, or happiness welling up inside you. Plus, learn to use it after sensory verbs to express how something *looks* or *sounds*. Next, we dive into '下去' (xiàqù). This handy word is perfect for when you want an action to *continue* from now into the future. Want to tell someone to 'keep talking' or 'keep studying'? '下去' is your go-to! Then, we'll explore '下来' (xiàlái). This complement is all about *capturing* and *preserving*. Use it when you take a photo, write down important information, or describe an action settling into a stable state, like a car *stopping*. Finally, you'll unlock '出来' (chūlái). This powerful complement helps you talk about actions that *bring something new into existence* or *reveal* something previously hidden. Imagine a new idea *coming to mind* or a secret *being uncovered*. These aren't just abstract rules; they're essential for real-life conversations! Picture yourself saying, 'Let's *get up* and go!' (起来), 'Please *continue* your story!' (下去), 'That painting *looks* amazing!' (看起来), or 'I *figured out* the answer!' (出来). You’ll express these with confidence. By the end of this chapter, you’ll add incredible depth and flow to your Chinese, sounding more like a native speaker. Let's make your Chinese shine!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to describe the sudden start of an emotion or action using 起来(qǐlái).
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to express sensory impressions (looks like/sounds like) using 起来(qǐlái).
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to use 出来(chūlái) to describe the revelation of information or the creation of something new.
  4. 4
    By the end you will be able to distinguish between capturing a moment with 下来(xiàlái) and continuing an action with 下去(xiàqù).

챕터 가이드

Overview

Welcome to your essential guide for mastering dynamic verbs in Chinese grammar A1! This chapter,
Starting, Continuing, and Revealing,
is your secret weapon to making your conversations sound incredibly natural and expressive. As you progress through your A1 Chinese journey, you’ll discover that simply knowing vocabulary isn't enough; how you convey the nuance of an action is key.
That's where these powerful verb complements come in. We'll explore 起来 (qǐlái), 下去 (xiàqù), 下来 (xiàlái), and 出来 (chūlái). These aren't just abstract rules; they’re the building blocks for real-life communication, helping you describe actions that spring up, continue, are preserved, or are revealed.
By understanding these core concepts, you'll add incredible depth and flow to your Chinese, moving beyond basic sentences to truly express yourself. Get ready to supercharge your verbs and sound more like a native speaker!

How This Grammar Works

Let's dive into the fascinating world of Chinese grammar complements that add incredible depth to your verbs. First up, 起来 (qǐlái) is our Activation Switch. It describes actions or feelings that *spring up* or *start* suddenly. Think of someone standing up: 他站起来了 (Tā zhàn qǐlái le - He stood up).
It also works with emotions, like happiness welling up: 他高兴起来了 (Tā gāoxìng qǐlái le - He became happy). Crucially, 起来 can also be used after sensory verbs to express how something looks like or sounds like: 这个菜闻起来很香 (Zhège cài wén qǐláil hěn xiāng - This dish smells very fragrant).
Next, we have 下去 (xiàqù), the
Magic of 下去(xiàqù)
for continuing actions. If you want an action to *keep going* from now into the future, 下去 is your go-to. For example, 请你继续说下去 (Qǐng nǐ jìxù shuō xiàqù - Please continue speaking).
Or, if you’re studying: 我要学习下去 (Wǒ yào xuéxí xiàqù - I want to keep studying).
Then, meet 下来 (xiàlái), our "Capturing & Preserving" complement. This Chinese resultative complement is all about an action *settling* into a stable state or being *recorded*. Imagine taking a photo: 拍下来 (Pāi xiàlái - To take a photo and keep it).
Or writing something down: 写下来 (Xiě xiàlái - To write it down). It can also indicate a decrease and stabilization, like cooling down: 天气凉下来了 (Tiānqì liáng xiàlái le - The weather cooled down).
Finally, 出来 (chūlái), our "Completing & Revealing" complement. This powerful addition helps you talk about actions that *bring something new into existence* or *reveal* something previously hidden. If an idea comes to mind: 我想出来一个办法 (Wǒ xiǎng chūlái yīgè bànfǎ - I thought of an idea).
Or if you figure something out: 我看出来了 (Wǒ kàn chūlái le - I figured it out / I saw it clearly). It signifies an outcome or a revelation.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 他高兴了 (Tā gāoxìng le) - (He became happy.)
✓ Correct: 他高兴起来了 (Tā gāoxìng qǐlái le) - (He became happy/cheered up.)
*Explanation:* While «高兴了» can mean happy, adding 起来 emphasizes the *sudden onset* or *welling up* of the happiness, making it sound more natural for a change in emotional state.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 我写这个字 (Wǒ xiě zhège zì) - (I write this character.)
✓ Correct: 我把这个字写下来 (Wǒ bǎ zhège zì xiě xiàlái) - (I wrote this character down.)
*Explanation:* Simply «写» means to write. Adding 下来 specifically implies writing it *down* for preservation or record, which is a common and important nuance in Chinese.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 我看答案 (Wǒ kàn dá'àn) - (I look at the answer.)
✓ Correct: 我看出来答案了 (Wǒ kàn chūlái dá'àn le) - (I figured out the answer.)
*Explanation:* «看» means to look.
看出来
means to *discern* or *figure out* something hidden or previously unclear, bringing it into existence (in your mind).

Real Conversations

A

A

你为什么站起来了？ (Nǐ wèishénme zhàn qǐlái le? - Why did you stand up?)
B

B

我想去喝水。 (Wǒ xiǎng qù hē shuǐ. - I want to go drink water.)
A

A

这个故事很有趣，请你讲下去吧！ (Zhège gùshì hěn yǒuqù, qǐng nǐ jiǎng xiàqù ba! - This story is very interesting, please continue telling it!)
B

B

好的，没问题。 (Hǎo de, méi wèntí. - Okay, no problem.)
A

A

你把我的电话号码记下来了吗？ (Nǐ bǎ wǒ de diànhuà hàomǎ jì xiàlái le ma? - Did you write down my phone number?)
B

B

记下来了，谢谢！ (Jì xiàlái le, xièxie! - Yes, I wrote it down, thanks!)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do you use 起来 to describe how something looks or sounds in A1 Chinese?

You place 起来 directly after a sensory verb like 看 (kàn - to look) or 听 (tīng - to listen), e.g., 这个苹果看起来很好吃 (Zhège píngguǒ kàn qǐlái hěn hǎochī - This apple looks delicious).

Q

What's the main difference between 下去 and 下来 in Chinese grammar?

下去 implies continuation into the future, like keep doing X. 下来 suggests an action settling or being preserved, like write X down or cool down.

Q

Can 出来 be used to mean appear or come out literally?

Yes, absolutely! For example, 太阳出来了 (Tàiyáng chūlái le - The sun came out). It literally means something emerges from inside to outside.

Q

Are these complements always necessary, or can I sometimes omit them?

While you can often convey a basic meaning without them, using these complements adds crucial nuance, specificity, and natural flow to your Chinese sentences. They are essential for sounding like a native speaker.

Cultural Context

These verb complements are incredibly common in everyday Chinese conversation and are key to sounding natural and fluent. Native speakers use them instinctively to convey precise meanings about the initiation, continuation, completion, or revelation of actions. They add a layer of expressiveness that simple verbs alone cannot achieve.
For instance, merely saying «写» (to write) is less specific than
写下来
(to write down for record), reflecting a cultural emphasis on recording and preserving information. Mastering these structures isn't just about grammar; it's about understanding the subtle ways Chinese speakers perceive and describe the world around them.

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

위로 솟구치는 이미지!

냄비에서 김이 모락모락 올라오듯, 에너지가 위로 솟구치며 시작되는 느낌을 상상해 보세요. «起来»는 원래 '일어나다'라는 뜻이라 에너지가 UP 되는 느낌이에요! «跳起来»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 동작의 시작: 활성화 스위치 (起来)
💡

'휴지통'과 '새 파일'의 차이

기억을 되살리는 건 휴지통 복구 같은 «想起来», 새 아이디어를 짜내는 건 새 파일 만들기 같은 «想出来»예요: «我想出来一个办法。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 완성 및 드러냄: 동사 + 出来 (chūlái)
🎯

주어가 항상 1등!

문장을 시작할 때 看起来를 먼저 쓰지 말고, 판단하려는 대상을 먼저 말하세요. «咖啡看起来很好。»처럼요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 起来를 사용해서 "~해 보인다"라고 말하는 방법
💡

'저장' 버튼 법칙

어떤 동작을 하고 나서 '저장'이나 '다운로드' 버튼을 누르는 상상이 된다면 «下来»를 쓰면 돼요. 예를 들어 «把这个存下来。»처럼요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 중국어 결과 보어: 'xiàlái' (下来)를 이용한 캡처 및 보존

핵심 어휘 (7)

笑(xiào) to laugh/smile 听(tīng) to listen/hear 想(xiǎng) to think 记(jì) to remember/record 说(shuō) to speak/say 看(kàn) to look/watch 写(xiě) to write

Real-World Preview

lightbulb

The Creative Brainstorm

Review Summary

  • Verb + 起来 (qǐlái)
  • Verb + 出来 (chūlái)
  • Sensory Verb + 起来 (qǐlái)
  • Verb + 下来 (xiàlái)
  • Verb + 下去 (xiàqù)

자주 하는 실수

Use 起来 for impressions (looks like). 出来 is for revealing something that was hidden or unknown.

Wrong: 我看出来很好 (Wǒ kàn chūlái hěn hǎo)
정답: 看起来很好 (Kàn qǐlái hěn hǎo)

Recording information is seen as 'settling' it onto paper, which uses 下来. 下去 is for continuing an ongoing action.

Wrong: 请记下去 (Qǐng jì xiàqù)
정답: 请记下来 (Qǐng jì xiàlái)

起来 marks the sudden start of an action. You cannot use it with a duration of time.

Wrong: 他笑起来了十分钟 (Tā xiào qǐlái le shí fēnzhōng)
정답: 他笑了十分钟 (Tā shuō le shí fēnzhōng)

Next Steps

You've just unlocked one of the most unique and powerful features of Chinese grammar. Using these complements will make you sound incredibly fluent and expressive. Keep practicing!

Describe 3 items in your room using 看起来 (kàn qǐlái).

Write 3 things you want to 'keep doing' using 下去 (xiàqù).

Continue to: Can You Do It? Expressing Potential

빠른 연습 (10)

문법적으로 올바른 문장을 선택하세요.

'그는 아주 피곤해 보여요'를 중국어로 하면?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 他看起来很累。
중국어에서는 주어(他)가 항상 인상 표현(看起来)보다 앞에 와야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 起来를 사용해서 "~해 보인다"라고 말하는 방법

'그들은 수다를 떨기 시작했다'를 바르게 표현한 문장은 무엇인가요?

올바른 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 他们聊起天来了。
«聊天»은 동사-목적어 결합어예요. 그래서 «聊» + «起» + «天» + «来»로 쪼개서 써야 정답이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 동작의 시작: 활성화 스위치 (起来)

문법 오류를 찾아 고쳐보세요.

大家听了很高兴，都唱起来歌了。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 大家听了很高兴，都唱起歌来了。
목적어인 «歌»(노래)를 «起来» 뒤에 두면 안 돼요. 구조 안으로 넣어서 «唱起歌来»라고 해야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 동작의 시작: 활성화 스위치 (起来)

숨겨진 사실을 알아차렸을 때 쓰는 문장은?

다음 중 '그가 미국인인 걸 알아봤어요'라는 뜻의 문장은?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我看出来他是美国人。
«看出来»는 관찰을 통해 정체를 식별해냈음을 의미해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 완성 및 드러냄: 동사 + 出来 (chūlái)

빈칸에 알맞은 방향보어를 넣으세요.

{老师|lǎoshī}{说|shuō}："{请|qǐng}{把|bǎ}{这|zhè}{个|ge}{记|jì}___。"

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {下来|xiàlái}
정보를 기록하고 보존할 때는 'xiàlái'를 사용합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 중국어 결과 보어: 'xiàlái' (下来)를 이용한 캡처 및 보존

추억을 남기기 위해 사진을 찍는 상황에 맞는 문장은?

문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我|wǒ}{想|xiǎng}{把|bǎ}{照片|zhàopiàn}{拍|pāi}{下来|xiàlái}。
'pāi xiàlái'는 사진을 찍어 간직한다는 표준 표현입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 중국어 결과 보어: 'xiàlái' (下来)를 이용한 캡처 및 보존

틀린 부분을 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

갑자기 그의 이름이 생각났어요. 我突然想出来他的名字了。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我突然想起来 his 名字了。
기억을 되살리는 것은 «想起来»이고, «想出来»는 새로운 아이디어를 낼 때 써요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 완성 및 드러냄: 동사 + 出来 (chūlái)

빈칸에 알맞은 감각 표현을 골라보세요.

这首歌 __ 很好听。 (이 노래는 아주 좋게 들려요.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 听起来
노래는 귀로 듣는 것이므로 '듣다'를 의미하는 '听'이 들어간 표현이 정답이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 起来를 사용해서 "~해 보인다"라고 말하는 방법

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아서 고쳐보세요.

这个苹果吃起来好。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 这个苹果吃起来很好。
중국어 형용사 앞에는 문장을 완성해주는 '很' 같은 수식어가 꼭 필요해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 起来를 사용해서 "~해 보인다"라고 말하는 방법

빈칸에 알맞은 표현을 채워보세요.

수학 문제가 너무 어려워서 못 풀겠어요. 这道数学题太难了，我算___。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 不出来
계산의 결과물을 내지 못하는 상황이므로 가능 부정형인 «不出来»가 정답이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 완성 및 드러냄: 동사 + 出来 (chūlái)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

보통은 안 돼요. «起来»는 이미 시작되었거나 지금 일어나는 일을 묘사할 때 써요. 미래 계획은 «开始»를 쓰세요.
중국어의 '이합동사' 특징 때문이에요. 동사와 목적어가 느슨하게 결합되어 있어서 «起» 같은 문법 요소가 그 사이를 비집고 들어가는 거죠. «唱起歌来»
«想起来»는 기억을 되살리는 것이고, «想出来»는 없던 아이디어를 짜내는 거예요. 비밀번호가 기억 안 나면 «想不起来»라고 해요.
보통 동사랑 써요. 날씨가 추워지는 변화는 «冷起来»처럼 «起来»를 쓴답니다.
글자 그대로는 '일어나다'라는 뜻이지만, 동사 뒤에 붙어서 감각을 통한 인상을 나타내는 접미사 역할을 해요. «看起来»처럼요.
아니요, 반드시 看(보다), 听(듣다) 같은 감각 동사 뒤에 찰떡처럼 붙여서 써야 의미가 통해요.
이전 챕터
Moving and Describing Actions
다음 챕터
Can You Do It? Expressing Potential
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