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A1 adjective 11분 분량

紧张

jinzhang
예시 紧张 30초 만에
설명 紧张 in your Level:
At the A1 level, '紧张' (jǐnzhāng) is introduced as a basic feeling word, similar to 'happy' or 'sad.' Learners focus on using it to describe their own emotions in simple situations. The primary structure is 'Subject + 很 + 紧张.' For instance, '我很紧张' (I am nervous). A1 learners use it to talk about common stressors like taking a Chinese test, meeting a new teacher, or speaking in front of the class. At this stage, the nuances of 'tight supply' or 'geopolitical tension' are not yet required. The goal is to recognize the word in spoken Mandarin and use it to express a state of being. You will often hear it in the phrase '别紧张' (Don't be nervous), which is a kind way to encourage others. It's also important to distinguish it from '害怕' (scared), ensuring students use '紧张' for performance anxiety and '害怕' for physical danger. Exercises at this level usually involve matching the word to a picture of a sweating person or filling in the blank in a sentence about a test.
As learners move to A2, they begin to use '紧张' to describe not just themselves, but also situations and other people. They learn to use it in more complex sentences, such as '考试的时候，我非常紧张' (When taking the exam, I am very nervous). At this level, the concept of 'tight time' (时间紧张) is introduced. Students learn to describe their busy schedules using this word. They also start to understand the use of '得' to indicate degree, such as '紧张得不得了' (extremely nervous). The focus shifts from just 'being' nervous to the 'context' of nervousness. A2 students should be able to identify that '紧张' is an adjective and does not need the verb '是' (shì) for basic descriptions. They also begin to see '紧张' in short reading passages about daily life, such as a story about a first day at a new job or a trip to the doctor.
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At the B1 level, students encounter '紧张' in more formal and abstract contexts. They learn to use it to describe the '气氛' (atmosphere) of a place or an event, such as a '紧张的比赛' (a tense match). The word's application to resources like money (资金紧张) and supply (供应紧张) becomes more prominent. B1 learners are expected to use '紧张' as an attributive adjective with '的,' as in '这是一场非常紧张的考试' (This is a very tense exam). They also begin to distinguish '紧张' from more specific synonyms like '慌张' (flustered) or '焦虑' (anxious). Grammar-wise, B1 students use '紧张' in comparative structures and with a wider array of adverbs like '稍微' (slightly) or '极其' (extremely). They might also see the word used in news snippets or workplace dialogues where the pace of life is described as '紧张.' Writing prompts at this level might ask students to describe a time they felt nervous and how they overcame it, requiring a more narrative use of the word.
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B2 learners are expected to understand the use of '紧张' in professional, political, and literary contexts. They encounter phrases like '局势紧张' (tense situation) in international news and '关系紧张' (strained relationship) in social or political analysis. The word takes on a more nuanced meaning, describing systemic pressure rather than just individual emotion. B2 students should be able to use '紧张' to describe the pacing of a novel or the suspense in a film plot. They also learn the adverbial form '紧张地' (nervously/intensely), such as '紧张地注视着大屏幕' (intensely watching the big screen). At this stage, the learner should be comfortable using '紧张' to discuss economic trends, such as '劳动力市场紧张' (tight labor market). The focus is on precision—knowing when '紧张' is the most appropriate word versus '严峻' (grave/severe) or '紧迫' (urgent). They will also learn common idioms or four-character phrases that incorporate the characters of 紧张.
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At the C1 level, '紧张' is used with high stylistic flexibility. Learners can use it to describe abstract philosophical or psychological tensions, such as the '紧张感' (sense of tension) in a piece of modern art or a complex musical composition. They understand the word's historical and etymological roots (the tension of a bowstring) and can use this imagery in their own writing to create more vivid descriptions. C1 students are proficient in using '紧张' in highly formal academic or business writing, such as analyzing the '供需紧张' (supply and demand tension) in a specific industry. They can also use it to describe subtle social dynamics, like the '紧张的对峙' (tense standoff) between two rival companies. At this level, the learner is expected to recognize the word in classical-style modern prose where it might be paired with more obscure vocabulary. They can also use '紧张' to discuss the psychological impact of urbanization and the '紧张的生活节奏' (intense pace of life) on mental health.
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For C2 learners, '紧张' is a tool for nuanced expression in any domain. They can use it to discuss the '紧张关系' (tension) between tradition and modernity in a sociological thesis, or the '内在紧张' (internal tension) of a character's psyche in a literary critique. C2 speakers can use the word in sophisticated metaphors, perhaps comparing a political situation to a '紧张的琴弦' (a taut harp string). They are fully aware of the word's register and can purposefully choose it or its most obscure synonyms to achieve a specific rhetorical effect. In high-level debates, they might use '紧张' to describe the critical point of a negotiation. C2 learners also have a deep understanding of how '紧张' has evolved in modern Chinese discourse, including its use in specialized fields like physics (surface tension - 表面张力, though related through '张') or medicine. Their usage is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, characterized by perfect collocation and contextual appropriateness.
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예시

紧张 30초 만에

  • 紧张 (jǐnzhāng) is a common adjective meaning nervous or tense. It is used for emotions, high-pressure environments, and situations where resources or time are very limited.
  • The word combines 'tight' (紧) and 'stretch' (张), creating an image of a pulled string. It is essential for describing the stress of modern life and work.
  • Unlike English, it is frequently used in news to describe 'tight supply' or 'geopolitical tension,' making it a versatile term for learners beyond basic emotions.
  • Grammatically, it is often preceded by '很' (very) and can be used to describe people, atmospheres, schedules, or entire countries' relationships.

The Chinese term 紧张 (jǐnzhāng) is a multifaceted adjective that primarily translates to 'nervous' or 'tense' in English. However, its application in Mandarin is significantly broader than its English counterparts, spanning emotional states, atmospheric conditions, and resource availability. At its linguistic core, the word is composed of two characters: 紧 (jǐn), meaning tight or urgent, and 张 (zhāng), meaning to stretch or expand. When combined, they evoke the image of a string or a bow pulled to its absolute limit, vibrating with potential energy and stress. This literal 'tightness' translates beautifully into the psychological experience of being nervous. When you are 紧张, your mind and body feel as though they are being pulled tight, much like a violin string before a concert. This is the most common usage for beginners at the A1 level, describing the butterflies in one's stomach before an exam or a first date.

Emotional State
This refers to the internal feeling of anxiety or apprehension. For example, a student might feel 紧张 before a big test, or a performer might feel 紧张 before stepping onto the stage. It captures the physical and mental restlessness associated with high-stakes situations.

第一次上台演讲，我感到非常紧张。(The first time I went on stage to give a speech, I felt very nervous.)

Beyond individual emotions, 紧张 describes the 'vibe' or atmosphere of a situation. In a thriller movie, the plot might be 紧张 (tense/fast-paced). In a room where two people are arguing, the 气氛 (qìfēn - atmosphere) is 紧张. This usage moves away from the internal and focuses on the external pressure present in a environment. It is also used in political and economic contexts to describe 'strained' relations between countries or 'tight' market conditions.

Resource Scarcity
Perhaps the most unique usage for English speakers is the application of 紧张 to time and resources. If you have a very busy schedule, your 时间 (shíjiān - time) is 紧张. If a city is running out of water, the water supply is 紧张. This indicates that there is very little 'slack' in the system; everything is stretched to the limit.

In daily life, you will hear this word constantly. Parents tell children not to be 紧张 before school. News anchors discuss the 紧张局势 (tense situation) in international borders. Office workers complain about their 紧张的安排 (tight schedules). It is an essential building block for describing the stresses of modern life. Understanding the transition from the literal 'stretched tight' to the metaphorical 'stressed' is key to mastering its nuance. It is not just about being 'scared'; it is about the lack of relaxation or the presence of intense pressure.

最近公司的工作安排很紧张，我每天都要加班。(Recently, the work schedule at the company has been very tight; I have to work overtime every day.)

Physical vs. Metaphorical
Note that 紧张 is rarely used to describe physically tight clothing (you would just use 紧 for that). 紧张 is almost always reserved for abstract concepts like feelings, time, supply, and relationships.

Using 紧张 (jǐnzhāng) correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility as an adjective. In Mandarin, adjectives often function like verbs, meaning you don't always need a 'to be' verb (like 是) before them. Instead, you use degree adverbs like 很 (hěn - very), 非常 (fēicháng - extremely), or 不 (bù - not). The most basic structure for expressing feelings is [Subject] + [Adverb] + 紧张. This is the foundation for A1 and A2 learners. As you progress, you will learn to use it as an attributive (describing a noun) or as a complement of state, describing how an action is performed under pressure.

Basic Predicative Use
When 紧张 is the main predicate, it describes the state of the subject. '我非常紧张' (I am very nervous). It is important to remember not to say '我是紧张' unless you are emphasizing the fact that 'nervous' is specifically what you are (a more advanced structural nuance).

别紧张，深呼吸。(Don't be nervous, take a deep breath.)

When describing a noun, 紧张 often takes the particle 的 (de). For example, '紧张的气氛' (a tense atmosphere) or '紧张的工作' (intense work). This allows you to place the 'tension' onto an object or a situation. In business Chinese, you will frequently see '紧张的日程' (a tight schedule). This attributive use is vital for moving beyond simple 'I feel' sentences and starting to describe the world around you in more detail.

Complement of Degree
To express an extreme level of nervousness, Chinese uses the structure [紧张] + 得 + [Result/Degree]. For example, '紧张得说不出话来' (So nervous that one cannot speak). This is a common way to add vividness to your descriptions of emotions or situations.

他紧张得手心都出汗了。(He was so nervous that his palms were sweating.)

Another advanced use is 紧张 as an adverbial, modifying a verb. In this case, it usually takes the particle 地 (de). For example, '紧张地注视着' (watching intensely/nervously). This describes the manner in which an action is performed. Finally, when used for resources, the structure is usually [Resource] + [Adverb] + 紧张. '资金紧张' (Funds are tight). This is extremely common in corporate and news reports.

Negative Form
To say someone is not nervous, use '不紧张'. To tell someone to relax, you can say '不要紧张' or '别紧张'. In more formal contexts, to describe a relaxed atmosphere, you might say '气氛不紧张' or use the antonym '轻松' (qīngsōng).

紧张 (jǐnzhāng) is a ubiquitous word in the Sinosphere, appearing in diverse contexts ranging from the highly emotional to the strictly logistical. If you are a student in China, you will hear it most frequently in relation to exams (考试 - kǎoshì). Teachers will often say '不要紧张' to students before a big test, or students will commiserate about how '紧张' they feel. In the world of entertainment, particularly in variety shows or talent competitions like 'China's Got Talent,' the host will often ask contestants, '你现在紧张吗？' (Are you nervous right now?) to build suspense and humanize the performers.

News and Media
In television news, 紧张 is the standard word for geopolitical tension. You will hear phrases like '两国关系紧张' (The relationship between the two countries is tense) or '地区局势紧张' (The regional situation is tense). It is also used in economic reporting to describe supply chain issues: '电力供应紧张' (Power supply is tight/strained).

新闻报道说，目前的国际局势非常紧张。(The news report says that the current international situation is very tense.)

In the workplace, 紧张 is used to describe the pace of work. A '紧张的工作节奏' (intense work rhythm) is a common way to describe a high-pressure corporate environment. If a project deadline is approaching, a manager might say, '时间很紧张，大家辛苦一下' (Time is very tight, everyone please work hard). Here, it carries a connotation of urgency and the need for focus. It's also used in sports commentary to describe the final minutes of a close game, where every move is '紧张' (nerve-wracking/intense).

Medical and Health
Doctors might use 紧张 to describe physical symptoms related to stress, such as '紧张性头痛' (tension headache) or '肌肉紧张' (muscle tension). In this context, it aligns closely with the English word 'tension' in a physiological sense.

Finally, in literature and film, 紧张 is used to describe the 'suspense' of a plot. A '紧张刺激' (tense and exciting) movie plot is a standard way to describe a thriller. If you are watching a Chinese drama (C-Drama), look out for scenes where characters are hiding or facing a confrontation; the background music and the characters' expressions are all designed to convey a sense of 紧张.

这部电影的情节非常紧张，看的时候我都不敢呼吸。(The plot of this movie is very tense; I didn't even dare to breathe while watching.)

While 紧张 (jǐnzhāng) is a high-frequency word, it is often misused by English speakers due to its broad range of meanings. The most common error is using 紧张 to describe physically tight objects, such as clothing or shoes. In English, we say 'these shoes are too tight,' but in Chinese, you must use the single character 紧 (jǐn). Saying '这对鞋很紧张' (zhè duì xié hěn jǐnzhāng) sounds like the shoes themselves are having an anxiety attack! Always remember: 紧张 is for emotions, time, atmosphere, and supply, while 紧 is for physical dimensions.

Confusing 紧张 with 害怕 (hàipà)
English speakers sometimes use 'nervous' when they actually mean 'scared.' If you are afraid of a ghost or a spider, use 害怕 (hàipà). 紧张 is for situations involving performance, pressure, or uncertainty. You feel 紧张 before a speech, but you feel 害怕 of a dangerous dog. Using 紧张 for fear makes the speaker sound less like they are in danger and more like they are just socially anxious.

错误：我的裤子太紧张了。(Wrong: My pants are too 'nervous'/tense.)
正确：我的裤子太紧了。(Correct: My pants are too tight.)

Another mistake involves the word order when describing what one is nervous *about*. In English, we say 'I am nervous about the interview.' In Chinese, you cannot simply say '我紧张面试' (wǒ jǐnzhāng miànshì). 紧张 is an adjective, not a transitive verb. You should say '我对面试感到紧张' (I feel nervous toward/about the interview) or '面试让我很紧张' (The interview makes me very nervous). Adding the preposition 对 (duì) or the causative 让 (ràng) is necessary for a natural sentence structure.

Overusing '是' (shì)
Beginners often translate 'I am nervous' literally as '我是紧张'. In Mandarin, the 'am' is usually replaced by '很' (hěn). '我紧张' or '我很紧张' is the correct way. '我是紧张' sounds like you are identifying your essence as 'nervousness' or correcting someone who thought you were something else (e.g., 'I'm not angry, I'm nervous').

Finally, be careful with '紧张' in the context of money. While '资金紧张' (funds are tight) is common in business, in casual conversation about personal finances, people more often say '手头有点紧' (shǒutóu yǒudiǎn jǐn - literally 'hand-head is a bit tight'). Using 紧张 for personal pocket money can sound a bit formal or dramatic, like a corporate bankruptcy report.

错误：我对蜘蛛很紧张。(Wrong: I am nervous about spiders.)
正确：我很害怕蜘蛛。(Correct: I am afraid of spiders.)

To truly master the nuances of Chinese, it's helpful to compare 紧张 (jǐnzhāng) with other words that occupy similar semantic space. Depending on the intensity and the specific cause of the 'tension,' you might choose a more precise term. For instance, if the nervousness is mixed with worry about the future, 焦虑 (jiāolǜ) is a better fit. If the tension is a result of being in a rush or caught off guard, 慌张 (huāngzhāng) is more appropriate. Understanding these distinctions allows you to express your internal state with greater accuracy.

紧张 vs. 焦虑 (jiāolǜ)
紧张 is usually situational and temporary (like before a race). 焦虑 (anxious) is often a deeper, more long-term feeling of unease. You are 紧张 about a specific event, but you are 焦虑 about your life or the future in general. 焦虑 carries a heavier psychological weight.

对比：面对考试，他不仅感到紧张，还有些焦虑。(Comparison: Facing the exam, he not only felt nervous but also a bit anxious.)

Another important pair is 紧张 and 慌张 (huāngzhāng). While 紧张 is about the 'tightness' of the feeling, 慌张 is about the 'messiness' of the reaction. If someone is 慌张, they are flustered, making mistakes, or running around in a panic. You can be 紧张 but still remain calm and focused; if you are 慌张, you have likely lost your cool. A well-prepared speaker might be 紧张 but not 慌张.

紧张 vs. 局促 (júcù)
局促 describes a feeling of being 'cramped' or 'ill-at-ease' in a social setting. If you are in a room full of strangers and don't know where to put your hands, you feel 局促. While 紧张 is a high-energy tension, 局促 is a low-energy awkwardness.

In the context of 'tight' resources, you can use 紧缺 (jǐnquē) as a more formal alternative to 紧张. For example, '物资紧缺' (Shortage of materials). 紧缺 emphasizes the 'lack' or 'shortage' specifically, whereas 紧张 emphasizes the 'pressure' caused by that shortage. In a business report, 紧缺 sounds more professional when referring to supply chains.

Summary Table
  • 紧张 (jǐnzhāng): General nervous/tense/tight. High frequency.
  • 焦虑 (jiāolǜ): Deeply anxious/worried about the future.
  • 慌张 (huāngzhāng): Flustered/panicked/disorganized.
  • 不安 (bù'ān): Uneasy/restless (literally 'not at peace').
  • 紧迫 (jǐnpò): Urgent/pressing (usually for time).
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수준별 예문

1

我很紧张。

I am very nervous.

Subject + Adverb + Adjective.

2

别紧张，没关系。

Don't be nervous, it's okay.

Imperative 'Don't' (别) + Adjective.

3

明天考试，你紧张吗？

There is an exam tomorrow, are you nervous?

Question particle '吗'.

4

我不紧张。

I am not nervous.

Negative '不' + Adjective.

5

他有一点紧张。

He is a little bit nervous.

Adverbial phrase '有一点'.

6

老师，我太紧张了。

Teacher, I am too nervous.

Structure '太...了'.

7

面试的时候我很紧张。

I was very nervous during the interview.

...的时候 (When...).

8

大家都很紧张。

Everyone is very nervous.

Subject '大家' (everyone) + Adverb '都'.

1

他的时间非常紧张。

His time is very tight.

Usage for resources (time).

2

电影的情节很紧张。

The movie's plot is very tense.

Describing the atmosphere/content.

3

我紧张得睡不着觉。

I am so nervous that I can't sleep.

Complement of degree '得'.

4

这里的气氛有点紧张。

The atmosphere here is a bit tense.

Describing '气氛' (atmosphere).

5

别紧张，慢慢说。

Don't be nervous, speak slowly.

Adverbial '慢慢' modifying '说'.

6

他的手因为紧张在发抖。

His hands are shaking because of nervousness.

Cause-effect with '因为'.

7

为了这次比赛，他一直很紧张。

For this competition, he has been very nervous.

Preposition '为了' (for/in order to).

8

虽然他很紧张，但他做得很好。

Although he was nervous, he did very well.

Conjunction '虽然...但是...'.

1

由于电力紧张，工厂停工了。

Due to the power shortage, the factory stopped working.

Usage for 'shortage/tight supply'.

2

我们要面临紧张的工作安排。

We are going to face a tight work schedule.

Attributive use with '的'.

3

这场球赛踢得非常紧张。

This ball game was played very intensely.

Verb + 得 + Adjective (Complement of state).

4

他紧张地盯着屏幕上的数字。

He stared nervously at the numbers on the screen.

Adverbial use with '地'.

5

目前的资金非常紧张，无法投资。

Currently, funds are very tight, and we cannot invest.

Usage in business/finance.

6

这种药可以缓解肌肉紧张。

This medicine can relieve muscle tension.

Medical context.

7

面对突发情况，他表现得很紧张。

Facing an unexpected situation, he acted very nervously.

Verb '表现' (behave/act) + 得.

8

这种紧张的情绪会影响工作效率。

This nervous mood will affect work efficiency.

Abstract noun '情绪' (mood/emotion).

1

中东局势再次陷入紧张状态。

The situation in the Middle East has once again fallen into a state of tension.

Formal phrase '紧张状态'.

2

两国之间的贸易关系日益紧张。

The trade relationship between the two countries is becoming increasingly tense.

Adverb '日益' (day by day).

3

他在紧张的筹备工作中度过了假期。

He spent his vacation in intense preparatory work.

Complex attributive phrase.

4

这种紧张感让整部小说充满了悬念。

This sense of tension fills the entire novel with suspense.

Noun form '紧张感'.

5

面对质询，他显得十分紧张和不安。

Facing questioning, he appeared very nervous and uneasy.

Verb '显得' (appear/seem).

6

由于供应紧张，油价持续上涨。

Due to tight supply, oil prices continue to rise.

Economic cause and effect.

7

我们必须在极其紧张的时间内完成任务。

We must complete the task within an extremely tight timeframe.

Adverb '极其' (extremely).

8

这种紧张的气氛让大家都屏住了呼吸。

This tense atmosphere made everyone hold their breath.

Causative structure with '让'.

1

该地区的政治对峙已达到紧张的顶点。

The political standoff in the region has reached a peak of tension.

Metaphorical use of '顶点' (peak).

2

这篇文章揭示了现代社会人际关系的紧张。

This article reveals the tension in interpersonal relationships in modern society.

Noun phrase object.

3

他在作品中巧妙地构建了一种内在的紧张感。

He skillfully constructed an internal sense of tension in his work.

Artistic/literary analysis.

4

随着资源日益紧张，可持续发展迫在眉睫。

As resources become increasingly scarce, sustainable development is imminent.

Idiom '迫在眉睫' (imminent).

5

他在辩论中通过紧张的逻辑推理压倒了对手。

He overwhelmed his opponent with intense logical reasoning during the debate.

Describing abstract logic.

6

这种紧张的供求关系短期内难以缓解。

This tight supply-demand relationship is difficult to alleviate in the short term.

Academic economic term.

7

她那紧张的神经在这一刻彻底崩溃了。

Her frayed/tense nerves completely collapsed at this moment.

Metaphorical use of '神经' (nerves).

8

这部戏剧通过紧张的对白展现了人物冲突。

The play reveals character conflicts through intense dialogue.

Describing '对白' (dialogue).

1

该学说试图调和科学与宗教之间的内在紧张关系。

The theory attempts to reconcile the inherent tension between science and religion.

Philosophical discourse.

2

全球供应链的紧张已引发了广泛的通货膨胀担忧。

The strain on global supply chains has sparked widespread inflation concerns.

Macroeconomic analysis.

3

其画作中线条的紧张力赋予了静态画面动感。

The tension of the lines in his paintings gives a sense of movement to the static images.

Aesthetic criticism.

4

在这一紧张的转折点，历史的走向变得扑朔迷离。

At this tense turning point, the course of history became blurred and complicated.

Historical narrative.

5

他以一种近乎紧张的专注力投入到科研工作中。

He devoted himself to scientific research with a near-intense focus.

Describing '专注力' (focus).

6

城市化进程中，土地资源的紧张已成为制约发展的瓶颈。

In the process of urbanization, the scarcity of land resources has become a bottleneck restricting development.

Urban planning context.

7

作者在叙事中刻意制造了时间上的紧张感。

The author deliberately created a sense of temporal tension in the narrative.

Narratological term.

8

这种紧张的博弈状态反映了各方利益的深度交织。

This state of tense game-playing reflects the deep interweaving of various interests.

Game theory context.

자주 쓰는 조합

心情紧张
气氛紧张
时间紧张
局势紧张
供应紧张
关系紧张
工作紧张
情节紧张
神经紧张
资金紧张

자주 쓰는 구문

别紧张

— Don't be nervous. Used to comfort someone before a stressful event.

别紧张，你一定能行的！

感到紧张

— To feel nervou

무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

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