A2 noun 중립 #3,500 가장 일반적인 2분 분량

悲观

b4i g1n peɪ˥ kuan˥
연습하기 노트와 팁

Overview

The Chinese word '悲观' (bēiguān) is a multifaceted term that captures the essence of a negative outlook or pessimism. It can function as both an adjective and a noun, allowing for its use in various contexts to describe individuals, emotions, or states of mind.

When used as an adjective, '悲观' directly translates to 'pessimistic' or 'negative' when referring to an outlook. It characterizes someone who tends to anticipate undesirable outcomes or who lacks hope for the future. For instance, '他是一个很悲观的人' (Tā shì yīgè hěn bēiguān de rén) succinctly describes someone as a 'very pessimistic person.' This usage emphasizes a personal trait or disposition. Similarly, the phrase '不要对未来感到悲观' (Bùyào duì wèilái gǎndào bēiguān) serves as an exhortation to 'not be pessimistic about the future,' highlighting the emotional state or attitude one might hold regarding upcoming events.

As a noun, '悲观' directly signifies 'pessimism' itself. In this capacity, it often refers to a pervasive mood, a general sentiment, or a philosophical viewpoint. For example, '悲观情绪弥漫在人群中' (Bēiguān qíngxù mímàn zài rénqún zhōng) paints a picture of 'pessimism spreading among the crowd,' illustrating how this negative feeling can become widespread. Another insightful example, '克服悲观，积极面对生活' (Kèfú bēiguān, jījí miànduì shēnghuó), provides a motivational message, urging one to 'overcome pessimism and face life positively.' This demonstrates how '悲观' as a noun can be the subject of action or a state to be contended with.

The etymology of '悲观' is insightful. The character '悲' (bēi) broadly means 'sad,' 'sorrowful,' or 'tragic.' The character '观' (guān) means 'to look,' 'to observe,' or 'a view/outlook.' Therefore, the combination literally suggests 'a sorrowful outlook' or 'a tragic view,' perfectly encapsulating the concept of pessimism. This etymological breakdown not only deepens the understanding of the word but also connects it to its core emotional and intellectual components.

Understanding '悲观' is crucial for grasping nuances in Chinese communication, particularly when discussing emotional states, philosophical perspectives, or individual characteristics. It provides a concise way to express a lack of hope or a tendency to focus on the negative aspects of situations.

예시

1

他对公司的前景感到悲观。

Business

He feels pessimistic about the company's future.

2

不要对生活抱有悲观的态度。

Daily life

Don't have a pessimistic attitude towards life.

3

他的悲观情绪影响了团队的士气。

Workplace

His pessimism affected the team's morale.

4

尽管情况困难，但我们不能悲观。

Challenging circumstances

Although the situation is difficult, we cannot be pessimistic.

5

一些经济学家对全球经济持悲观态度。

Economics

Some economists hold a pessimistic view of the global economy.

자주 쓰는 조합

悲观情绪
悲观主义
悲观态度
悲观失望

사용법

When using '悲观' (bēiguān), it generally describes a person's disposition or an outlook on a specific situation. For example, '他对未来感到悲观' (Tā duì wèilái gǎndào bēiguān) means 'He feels pessimistic about the future.' It can also be used to describe an atmosphere or a trend, such as '经济形势一片悲观' (Jīngjì xíngshì yī piàn bēiguān), meaning 'The economic situation is bleak/pessimistic.' The term is quite direct and carries a clear negative connotation. While it's a common word, one might use milder phrases like '不太乐观' (bù tài lèguān - not very optimistic) if they want to soften the expression. Antonyms include '乐观' (lèguān - optimistic) and '积极' (jījí - positive/active). It's important to use '悲观' when you genuinely want to convey a sense of negativity or a lack of hope, as it's not a neutral term.

자주 하는 실수

A common mistake is confusing '悲观' (bēiguān - pessimism) with '乐观' (lèguān - optimism). While both end with '观' (guān - outlook), '悲' indicates sadness/grief, and '乐' (lè) indicates happiness/joy. Another mistake can be mispronouncing the tones, particularly the first character which is a first tone (bēi) and not a fourth tone (bèi), which changes the meaning. Also, sometimes learners might try to use '消极' (xiāojí - negative/passive) interchangeably, but while related, '消极' describes a negative attitude or a lack of positive action, whereas '悲观' specifically refers to a negative outlook or expectation about the future.

팁

💡

Use '悲观' to describe a general state of mind or a particular outlook.

For example, you could say someone is a '悲观主义者' (bēiguān zhǔyì zhě - pessimist) or that their attitude towards the future is '悲观' (bēiguān - pessimistic). It can also describe the atmosphere or outlook of a situation, like '经济前景悲观' (jīngjì qiánjǐng bēiguān - pessimistic economic outlook).

💡

Avoid using '悲观' to describe momentary sadness or disappointment.

'悲观' implies a more deep-seated and pervasive negative outlook, rather than a fleeting emotion. For temporary sadness, words like '难过' (nánguò - sad) or '沮丧' (jǔsàng - dejected) would be more appropriate. It's about a habitual way of viewing things, not just a bad mood.

💡

Practice using '悲观' in sentences to solidify your understanding.

Try constructing sentences like: '他对未来感到悲观。' (Tā duì wèilái gǎndào bēiguān. - He feels pessimistic about the future.) or '不要对生活抱有悲观的态度。' (Bùyào duì shēnghuó bào yǒu bēiguān de tàidù. - Don't have a pessimistic attitude towards life.) This will help you internalize its usage and nuances.

문화적 맥락

In Chinese culture, '悲观' (bēiguān) refers to pessimism or a negative outlook. While acknowledging difficulties is considered realistic, a pervasive pessimistic attitude can be seen as lacking resilience and potentially bringing bad fortune. Traditional Chinese philosophy, particularly Confucianism, often emphasizes striving for harmony and positive action, even in challenging circumstances. Therefore, while understanding why someone might be pessimistic, there's often a societal preference for an optimistic or at least pragmatic approach to life's challenges. It's not uncommon for elders to advise younger generations against excessive '悲观', encouraging them to find strength and hope. However, in contemporary society, there's a growing understanding of mental health, and expressions of pessimism are becoming more openly discussed, though the underlying cultural lean towards resilience often remains.

암기 팁

The first character, '悲' (bēi), means 'sad' or 'grief'. The second character, '观' (guān), means 'to observe' or 'outlook'. So, a 'sad outlook' or 'outlook of grief' directly translates to pessimism.

자주 묻는 질문

4 질문

'悲观' (bēi guān) is a Chinese word that translates to 'pessimism' or having a 'negative outlook'. It describes a state of mind where one tends to anticipate undesirable outcomes or to dwell on the negative aspects of a situation. A person who is '悲观' often expects the worst and may feel hopeless or dejected about future events, even in the face of positive indicators. It is the opposite of optimism.

'悲观' can be used to describe a person's general disposition, their view on a specific situation, or an outlook that is prevalent in a particular context. For example, one might say '他对未来感到悲观' (Tā duì wèilái gǎndào bēi guān), meaning 'He feels pessimistic about the future.' Another example could be '不要总是那么悲观' (Bùyào zǒng shì nàme bēi guān), which translates to 'Don't always be so pessimistic.' It can also describe a mood or an attitude.

Some synonyms for '悲观' include '消极' (xiāojí - negative, passive) or '沮丧' (jǔsàng - dejected, depressed). However, '悲观' specifically emphasizes the expectation of negative outcomes. The primary antonym for '悲观' is '乐观' (lè guān), which means 'optimism' or having a 'positive outlook.' Other antonyms could include '积极' (jījí - positive, active) or '开朗' (kāilǎng - cheerful, optimistic).

In Chinese culture, while acknowledging the realities of life, there is often a societal preference for maintaining a positive and resilient attitude. Excessive '悲观' might sometimes be seen as unconstructive or even a lack of fortitude. However, a realistic assessment of difficulties, even if it leads to a sober outlook, is also valued. It's a balance between acknowledging challenges and cultivating a spirit of perseverance, making '悲观' a term that describes a tendency rather than an absolute judgment.

셀프 테스트

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他因为对未来感到______，所以一直无法振作起来。

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
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面对困难，我们应该保持乐观，而不是陷入______的情绪。

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
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这种______的态度会阻碍我们发现解决问题的方法。

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:

점수: /3

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