Arabic Plural Endings: -un and -in (Sound Masculine Plural)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Add -un or -in to masculine nouns to make them plural, depending on their role in the sentence.
- Use -un (ـون) for subjects: 'The teachers are here' (المعلمون هنا).
- Use -in (ـين) for objects or after prepositions: 'I saw the teachers' (رأيت المعلمين).
- This rule only applies to specific masculine human nouns, not all words.
Overview
In Arabic grammar, nouns undergo changes to indicate their grammatical function within a sentence. This system is known as الإِعْرَابُ (al-iʿrāb), or declension. While singular nouns often show these changes through short vowel markings (damma, fatḥa, kasra), plural nouns frequently employ specific suffixes.
One of the most regular and fundamental plural forms you will encounter is the Sound Masculine Plural, known in Arabic as جَمْعُ الْمُذَكَّرِ السَّالِمِ (jamʿ al-mudhakkar as-sālim).
The term "sound" (سَالِمٌ - sālimun) signifies that the singular form of the noun or adjective remains intact and unchanged when forming its plural. Unlike "broken plurals" (جَمْعُ التَّكْسِيرِ - jamʿ at-taksīr), which often alter the internal structure of the word, the Sound Masculine Plural simply appends a standardized ending. The term "masculine" (مُذَكَّرٌ - mudhakkarun) indicates that this plural typically applies to male individuals or, importantly, to mixed groups of males and females, where grammatical tradition defaults to the masculine form.
This plural category is exclusively used for rational beings—people, not inanimate objects or animals. Its significance lies in its clear distinction between the nominative case (حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ - ḥālat ar-rafʿ) and the accusative (حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ - ḥālat an-naṣb) and genitive (حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ - ḥālat al-jarr) cases. Mastery of these endings, primarily ـُونَ (-ūna) and ـِينَ (-īna), is crucial for understanding sentence structure and conveying precise meaning in Modern Standard Arabic (الفُصْحَى - al-fuṣḥā).
How This Grammar Works
إِعْرَابٌ بِالْحُرُوفِ (iʿrābun bil-ḥurūfi) – declension by letters, a characteristic of الإِعْرَابُ الْفَرْعِيُّ (al-iʿrāb al-farʿīyu), or secondary declension, distinguishing it from the primary declension that uses vowel endings.مُعَلِّمٌ (muʿallimun), meaning 'teacher,' retains its مُعَلِّمـ root. To form its Sound Masculine Plural, specific letters are added to this stable base.ـُونَ (-ūna) and ـِينَ (-īna), depends entirely on the grammatical case required by the noun's function in the sentence:- The suffix
ـُونَ(-ūna) marks the nominative case (حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ-ḥālat ar-rafʿ). This is typically used for subjects of verbs, subjects of nominal sentences, and certain predicates. - The suffix
ـِينَ(-īna) marks both the accusative case (حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ-ḥālat an-naṣb) and the genitive case (حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ-ḥālat al-jarr). The accusative is used for direct objects, while the genitive is used after prepositions or in possessive constructions.
حَيَوَانَاتٌ - ḥayawānātun) or inanimate objects (جَمَادَاتٌ - jamādātun), which generally take broken plurals or, less commonly, the feminine sound plural (جَمْعُ الْمُؤَنَّثِ السَّالِمِ - jamʿ al-muʾannath as-sālim) if they are grammatically feminine.Formation Pattern
مُهَنْدِسٌ (muhandisun - engineer), مُسْلِمٌ (muslimun - Muslim), or مُجْتَهِدٌ (mujtahidun - hardworking).
تنوين الضم (tanwīn aḍ-ḍamm) (double damma, e.g., ـٌ), this ending must be removed before adding the plural suffix. The stem of the word is what receives the plural ending. For instance, مُهَنْدِسٌ becomes مُهَنْدِسْ conceptually for attachment.
حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ): Add ـُونَ (-ūna) to the singular stem. This ending consists of a و (wāw) followed by a ن (nūn) with a fatḥa. The و indicates the nominative case.
مُعَلِّمٌ (muʿallimun) → مُعَلِّمُونَ (muʿallimūna) (teachers, subject)
حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ and حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ): Add ـِينَ (-īna) to the singular stem. This ending consists of a ي (yāʾ) followed by a ن (nūn) with a fatḥa. The ي indicates both the accusative and genitive cases.
مُعَلِّمٌ (muʿallimun) → مُعَلِّمِينَ (muʿallimīna) (teachers, object/genitive)
نُونُ الْجَمْعِ): The final ن (nūn) in both ـُونَ and ـِينَ is called the نُونُ الْجَمْعِ (nūn al-jamʿ) and always carries a fatḥa. This ن is crucial for indicating plurality. However, it is omitted when the Sound Masculine Plural noun is the first term in an إِضَافَةٍ (iḍāfah), or possessive construction. This is a common point of error for learners.
مُهَنْدِسٌ - engineer) | Plural Form | Meaning |
ـُونَ | مُهَنْدِسٌ + ـُونَ | مُهَنْدِسُونَ (muhandisūna) | engineers (subject) |
ـِينَ | مُهَنْدِسٌ + ـِينَ | مُهَنْدِسِينَ (muhandisīna) | engineers (object) |
ـِينَ | مُهَنْدِسٌ + ـِينَ | مُهَنْدِسِينَ (muhandisīna) | engineers (after preposition) |
مُدِيرٌ (mudīrun - director). Its Sound Masculine Plural forms would be مُدِيرُونَ (mudīrūna) in the nominative and مُدِيرِينَ (mudīrīna) in the accusative/genitive. This consistent pattern greatly aids in recognition and application once the basic principle is grasped.
When To Use It
حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ): Marked by ـُونَ (-ūna)- Subject of a Verb (
فَاعِلٌ-fāʿil): The noun performing the verb's action.
حَضَرَ الْمُدَرِّسُونَ إِلَى الْجَامِعَةِ. (ḥaḍara al-mudarrisūna ilā al-jāmiʿati.) - "The teachers came to the university."- Subject of a Nominal Sentence (
مُبْتَدَأٌ-mubtadaʾ): The initial noun in a sentence that does not begin with a verb.
الْمُهَنْدِسُونَ نَاجِحُونَ. (al-muhandisūna nājiḥūna.) - "The engineers are successful."- Predicate of a Nominal Sentence (
خَبَرٌ-khabar): The part of a nominal sentence that provides information about the subject, when it is a noun or adjective.
أَنْتُمْ مُجْتَهِدُونَ. (antum mujtahidūna.) - "You are hardworking (plural males)."- Name of
كَانَ(kāna) and its Sisters: When the Sound Masculine Plural functions as the subject (the "name") of verbs likeكَانَ(kāna- was/to be) orأَصْبَحَ(aṣbaḥa- became).
كَانَ الْمُوَظَّفُونَ مُنْتَظِرِينَ. (kāna al-muwaẓẓafūna muntaẓirīna.) - "The employees were waiting."- News of
إِنَّ(inna) and its Sisters: When it serves as the predicate (the "news") of particles likeإِنَّ(inna- indeed) orأَنَّ(anna- that).
إِنَّ الْمُعَلِّمِينَ مُجْتَهِدُونَ. (inna al-muʿallimīna mujtahidūna.) - "Indeed, the teachers are hardworking."حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ): Marked by ـِينَ (-īna)- Direct Object of a Verb (
مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ-mafʿūl bihi): The noun directly affected by the verb's action.
رَأَيْتُ الْفَلَّاحِينَ فِي الْحَقْلِ. (raʾaytu al-fallāḥīna fī al-ḥaqli.) - "I saw the farmers in the field."- News of
كَانَ(kāna) and its Sisters: When the Sound Masculine Plural functions as the predicate (the "news") ofكَانَor its sisters.
كَانَ الْمُوَظَّفُونَ مُنْتَظِرِينَ. (As above) - مُنْتَظِرِينَ is the news of كَانَ, thus accusative.- Name of
إِنَّ(inna) and its Sisters: When it serves as the subject (the "name") of particles likeإِنَّorأَنَّ.
إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مُتَعَاوِنُونَ. (inna al-muslimīna mutaʿāwinūna.) - "Indeed, the Muslims are cooperative." الْمُسْلِمِينَ is the name of إِنَّ, thus accusative.حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ): Marked by ـِينَ (-īna)إِضَافَةٍ construction.- After a Preposition (
حَرْفُ الْجَرِّ-ḥarf al-jarr): Nouns following prepositions likeمِنْ(min- from),إِلَى(ilā- to),عَلَى(ʿalā- on),فِي(fī- in),لِـ(li-- for/to),بِـ(bi-- with/by).
سَلَّمْتُ عَلَى الْمُهَنْدِسِينَ. (sallamtu ʿalā al-muhandisīna.) - "I greeted the engineers."- Second Term in an
إِضَافَةٍ(مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ-muḍāfun ilayhi): The noun that possesses or clarifies the preceding noun (theمُضَافٌ). In this construction, the first noun (theمُضَافٌ) will lose its pluralنُونُ الْجَمْعِ.
زُرْتُ مَصَانِعَ مُهَنْدِسِي الدَّوْلَةِ. (zurtu maṣāniʿa muhandisī ad-dawlati.) - "I visited the factories of the state's engineers." (مُهَنْدِسِي is genitive due to إِضَافَةٍ, and the ن is dropped).Common Mistakes
- Confusion with the Dual (
المُثَنَّى-al-muthannā): Both the Sound Masculine Plural accusative/genitive (ـِينَ--īna) and the Dual accusative/genitive (ـَيْنِ--ayni) endings contain aي(yāʾ) followed by aن(nūn). The crucial distinction lies in the vowel before theيand the vowel on the finalن. For the Sound Masculine Plural, the letter preceding theيhas a kasra, and the finalنhas a fatḥa (e.g.,مُعَلِّمِينَ-muʿallimīna). For the Dual, the letter preceding theيhas a fatḥa, and the finalنhas a kasra (e.g.,مُعَلِّمَيْنِ-muʿallimayni). This difference in vowel quality is critical and affects meaning:مُعَلِّمِينَmeans "teachers" (three or more), whileمُعَلِّمَيْنِmeans "two teachers."
ـِينَ) | Dual (ـَيْنِ) |ي | Kasra | Fatḥa |ن | Fatḥa | Kasra |مُعَلِّمِينَ (muʿallimīna) | مُعَلِّمَيْنِ (muʿallimayni) |- Using for Non-Rational Nouns: A fundamental error is applying the Sound Masculine Plural to inanimate objects, animals, or abstract concepts. This plural is strictly reserved for people and human attributes. For instance, you cannot say
كِتَابُونَ(kitābūna) for "books"; the correct plural isكُتُبٌ(kutubun), a broken plural. Always verify if the noun refers to a rational being.
- Overgeneralization of
ـُونَ: Learners often default to the nominativeـُونَending for all contexts, neglecting the accusative/genitiveـِينَ. This indicates a lack of understanding regarding the grammatical function of the noun in the sentence. Forgetting to switch toـِينَafter prepositions or for direct objects is a very common error, altering the sentence's grammatical correctness.
- Incorrect
نُونُ الْجَمْعِOmission inإِضَافَةٍ: The omission of the finalن(nūn) inـُونَorـِينَwhen the plural noun is theمُضَافٌ(the first term in a possessive construction) is a consistent challenge. Forgetting to drop thisنis a significant grammatical mistake. For example,مُعَلِّمُونَ الْمَدْرَسَةِ(muʿallimūna al-madrasati) is incorrect; it must beمُعَلِّمُو الْمَدْرَسَةِ(muʿallimū al-madrasati) – "the school's teachers."
- Misapplication to Irregular Plurals: Not all masculine nouns form their plural with
ـُونَorـِينَ. Many common masculine words have broken plurals. For example,رَجُلٌ(rajulun- man) becomesرِجَالٌ(rijālun), notرَجُلُونَ. While this rule is for the Sound Masculine Plural, recognizing words that defy this pattern comes with exposure and memorization.
Real Conversations
While understanding the formal rules of the Sound Masculine Plural is essential for literacy in Modern Standard Arabic (الفُصْحَى), its application in everyday spoken dialects (العَامِّيَّةُ - al-ʿāmmiyyah) often differs. In most colloquial Arabic, the case endings (إِعْرَابٌ - iʿrāb) are generally omitted, and nouns typically retain a default form, often resembling the accusative/genitive form or an unmarked form. This is a crucial distinction for learners.
For instance, in formal contexts like news broadcasts, academic lectures, or official documents, you will hear and read the case distinctions clearly:
- Formal: قَالَ الْمُسْؤُولُونَ إِنَّهُمْ سَيَبْدَؤُونَ الْعَمَلَ. (qāla al-masʾūlūna innahum sayabdaʾūna al-ʿamala.) - "The officials said that they would start the work." (الْمُسْؤُولُونَ - nominative)
- Formal: اجْتَمَعَ الْمُدِيرُ بِالْمُوَظَّفِينَ. (ijtamaʿa al-mudīru bil-muwaẓẓafīna.) - "The manager met with the employees." (الْمُوَظَّفِينَ - genitive after بِـ)
However, in casual spoken interaction, texting, or social media, the final نُونُ الْجَمْعِ is often dropped or simplified, and the distinction between ـُونَ and ـِينَ largely disappears, favoring a single form that often aligns phonetically with ـِين. This simplification is part of the natural evolution of spoken language, prioritizing communication efficiency over strict grammatical adherence. Speakers rely on word order and context to convey grammatical roles.
- Colloquial (e.g., Egyptian Arabic): المسؤولين قالوا إنهم هيبدأوا الشغل. (al-masʾūlīn qālū innahum hayibdaʾu aš-šuġl.) - Here, المسؤولين is used regardless of its grammatical function, and the ن is often silent or very light.
- Colloquial: المدير قابل الموظفين. (al-mudīr qābil al-muwaẓẓafīn.) - The form الموظفين is used regardless of the preposition or case.
Despite these colloquial variations, understanding the formal rules remains paramount for several reasons:
- Literacy: All written Arabic (books, newspapers, official correspondence) adheres to Modern Standard Arabic, making formal grammar indispensable for reading comprehension and effective writing.
- Clarity: In complex sentences, case endings can disambiguate meaning, preventing potential misunderstandings that simpler spoken forms might invite.
- Foundation: Mastering formal grammar provides a robust foundation, enabling learners to adapt to and understand dialectal differences more easily, rather than learning isolated phrases.
Therefore, while you may observe less stringent application in informal speech, for any formal communication, education, or deep understanding of the language's structure, the Sound Masculine Plural's case distinctions are non-negotiable.
Quick FAQ
- Q: What types of words use the Sound Masculine Plural?
It is used exclusively for masculine nouns and adjectives referring to rational beings (people), such as مُسْلِمٌ (muslimun - Muslim), مُهَنْدِسٌ (muhandisun - engineer), صَادِقٌ (ṣādiqūn - truthful). It is not used for animals or inanimate objects.
- Q: Why is it called "sound"?
It is called "sound" (سَالِمٌ - sālimun) because the singular form of the noun or adjective remains whole and unchanged in its internal structure when the plural suffix is added. It does not undergo internal vowel changes or consonant rearrangements like broken plurals.
- Q: How do I choose between
ـُونَandـِينَ?
Choose ـُونَ (-ūna) for the nominative case, which means the noun is the subject of a verb or nominal sentence. Choose ـِينَ (-īna) for both the accusative case (direct object) and the genitive case (after a preposition or as the مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ in an إِضَافَةٍ construction).
- Q: Can I use this plural for a group of women?
No, if the group consists only of women, you must use the Sound Feminine Plural, which typically ends in ـَاتٌ (-ātun) for the nominative, and ـَاتٍ (-ātin) for the accusative and genitive. For example, مُعَلِّمَةٌ (muʿallimatun - female teacher) becomes مُعَلِّمَاتٌ (muʿallimātun).
- Q: What if the group is mixed (men and women)?
In Arabic grammar, the masculine plural is typically used as the default for mixed groups of males and females. If there is at least one male in the group, the Sound Masculine Plural (ـُونَ/ـِينَ) is applied. For example, مُعَلِّمُونَ could refer to a group of male teachers or a mixed group of male and female teachers.
- Q: When does the final
ن(nūn) get dropped?
The final نُونُ الْجَمْعِ (the n in ـُونَ or ـِينَ) is dropped when the Sound Masculine Plural noun is the first term (مُضَافٌ) in an إِضَافَةٍ (possessive construction). For example, مُهَنْدِسُو الشَّرِكَةِ (muhandisū ash-šarikati) – "the company's engineers" (the ن in مُهَنْدِسُونَ is dropped).
- Q: How can I differentiate
ـِينَ(plural) fromـَيْنِ(dual)?
The distinction is in the vowel preceding the ي and the vowel on the final ن. For the plural ـِينَ, the consonant before the ي has a kasra (e.g., مُسْلِمِينَ), and the ن has a fatḥa. For the dual ـَيْنِ, the consonant before the ي has a fatḥa (e.g., مُسْلِمَيْنِ), and the ن has a kasra.
- Q: Is this rule applicable to all masculine nouns?
No. Many masculine nouns have irregular "broken plurals" (جَمْعُ التَّكْسِيرِ), which do not follow this ـُونَ/ـِينَ pattern. For instance, طَالِبٌ (ṭālibun - student) becomes طُلَّابٌ (ṭullābun), not طَالِبُونَ. Memorization and exposure are key to identifying these exceptions.
- Q: Does formal
إِعْرَابٌ(iʿrāb) matter in spoken Arabic?
In most contemporary spoken dialects (العَامِّيَّةُ), formal إِعْرَابٌ (including the ـُونَ/ـِينَ distinctions) is often simplified or omitted, with speakers relying on context and word order. However, it is absolutely essential for reading, writing, and understanding Modern Standard Arabic (الفُصْحَى) in all formal contexts, from news to literature.
Sound Masculine Plural Suffixes
| Case | Suffix | Example (Singular) | Example (Plural) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Nominative
|
ـون
|
مُعَلِّم
|
مُعَلِّمُون
|
|
Accusative
|
ـين
|
مُعَلِّم
|
مُعَلِّمِين
|
|
Genitive
|
ـين
|
مُعَلِّم
|
مُعَلِّمِين
|
Meanings
The 'Sound Masculine Plural' is a regular way to pluralize masculine human nouns by adding specific suffixes that change based on grammatical case.
Nominative Case
Used when the noun is the subject of the sentence.
“الفلاحون يعملون في الحقل.”
“المسافرون وصلوا.”
Accusative/Genitive Case
Used when the noun is the object or follows a preposition.
“رأيت الفلاحين في الحقل.”
“سلمت على المسافرين.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative Subject
|
Noun + ـون
|
المعلمون يدرسون
|
|
Affirmative Object
|
Noun + ـين
|
رأيت المعلمين
|
|
Prepositional
|
Preposition + Noun + ـين
|
سلمت على المعلمين
|
|
Question
|
هل + Noun + ـون/ـين
|
هل المعلمون هنا؟
|
|
Negative
|
ليس + Noun + ـون/ـين
|
ليس المعلمون هنا
|
Formality Spectrum
المعلمون متواجدون هنا. (School)
المعلمون هنا. (School)
المعلمين هنا. (School)
المعلمين موجودين. (School)
Pluralization Map
Subject
- ـون Nominative
Object/Preposition
- ـين Accusative/Genitive
Examples by Level
المعلمون في الفصل.
The teachers are in the classroom.
أنا أحب اللاعبين.
I like the players.
المسافرون وصلوا.
The travelers arrived.
شكرت المهندسين.
I thanked the engineers.
الموظفون يعملون بجد.
The employees are working hard.
رأيت الفلاحين في الحقل.
I saw the farmers in the field.
هل قابلت الزائرين؟
Did you meet the visitors?
السائحون يزورون المتحف.
The tourists are visiting the museum.
المصممون يبدعون في عملهم.
The designers are creative in their work.
سلمت على الحاضرين في الاجتماع.
I greeted the attendees at the meeting.
المبرمجون يكتبون الكود.
The programmers are writing the code.
ساعدت المحتاجين اليوم.
I helped the needy today.
المسؤولون ناقشوا القرار الجديد.
The officials discussed the new decision.
لقد اتصلت بالمديرين بخصوص العقد.
I called the managers regarding the contract.
المشاركون في المسابقة متحمسون.
The participants in the competition are excited.
شاهدت الممثلين في المسرحية.
I watched the actors in the play.
المفكرون يحللون القضايا الراهنة.
The thinkers are analyzing current issues.
تحدثت إلى الباحثين عن نتائج الدراسة.
I spoke to the researchers about the study results.
المؤلفون يوقعون كتبهم في المعرض.
The authors are signing their books at the fair.
نقدر جهود المخلصين في عملهم.
We appreciate the efforts of those who are sincere in their work.
العلماء المتميزون يساهمون في تقدم البشرية.
The distinguished scientists contribute to the progress of humanity.
لقد استمعت إلى المتحدثين في المؤتمر الدولي.
I listened to the speakers at the international conference.
المناضلون من أجل الحرية لا يستسلمون.
The fighters for freedom do not give up.
نحن نثق في المبدعين الذين يغيرون العالم.
We trust the creators who change the world.
Easily Confused
Learners try to add -un to every plural.
Learners confuse plural with dual.
Learners use -un for women.
Common Mistakes
رأيت المعلمون
رأيت المعلمين
الكتبون
الكتب
المعلمون في البيت
المعلمون في البيت
المعلمون رأيت
رأيت المعلمين
سلمت على المعلمون
سلمت على المعلمين
المهندسون يعملون
المهندسون يعملون
المسافرون رأيتهم
رأيت المسافرين
المحتاجون ساعدتهم
ساعدت المحتاجين
المديرون اتصلت بهم
اتصلت بالمديرين
المشاركون رأيت
رأيت المشاركين
المفكرون حللت أفكارهم
حللت أفكار المفكرين
الباحثون تحدثت معهم
تحدثت مع الباحثين
المؤلفون وقعت كتبهم
وقعت كتب المؤلفين
Sentence Patterns
___ (Subject) يعملون بجد.
رأيت ___ (Object) في الحقل.
سلمت على ___ (Prepositional).
هل ___ (Subject) هنا؟
Real World Usage
المتابعون يطلبون المزيد.
وين المعلمين؟
نحن نبحث عن المهندسين.
أين المسافرون؟
الموصلون في الطريق.
المسؤولون صرحوا بالقرار.
Check the role
Human only
Listen for the 'n'
Dialect variation
Smart Tips
Identify the subject first.
Don't worry about the 'n' too much in casual chat.
Look for the suffix to identify the role.
Check if it's a human noun.
Pronunciation
The 'n' sound
The final 'n' (ن) is pronounced in MSA but often dropped in dialects.
Statement
المعلمون هنا ↘
Falling intonation for facts.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Un is for the subject, In is for the object. Remember: 'Un' is the 'One' doing the action.
Visual Association
Imagine a group of teachers standing on a high platform (Nominative -un). Now imagine them being pulled down into a deep pool (Accusative/Genitive -in).
Rhyme
Subject is -un, object is -in, that is how the plural begins.
Story
The teachers (المعلمون) were standing in the hall. I saw the teachers (المعلمين) walking by. I spoke to the teachers (المعلمين) about the exam.
Word Web
Challenge
Write 3 sentences: one with a subject, one with an object, one with a preposition, using the word 'engineer' (مهندس).
Cultural Notes
In many Levantine dialects, the -un and -in endings are often simplified to just -in in all cases.
Standard MSA is strictly followed in formal settings.
Often uses -in for both cases in casual speech.
This construction is a standard feature of Proto-Semitic, used to denote plurality in masculine human nouns.
Conversation Starters
من هم القادمون؟
هل رأيت الموظفين؟
من هم المشاركون في المؤتمر؟
هل تحدثت إلى المسؤولين؟
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
رأيت ___.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
سلمت على المهندسون.
المهندس يعمل.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
A: أين ___? B: هم في المكتب.
Build:
فلاح (Subject):
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercisesرأيت ___.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
سلمت على المهندسون.
المهندس يعمل.
Match:
A: أين ___? B: هم في المكتب.
Build:
فلاح (Subject):
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesهُم مُسْلِم___. (They are Muslims)
اللاعبينَ في المَلعَبِ.
المُهَندِسينَ - رَأيتُ - في - المَكتَبِ
The employees are hardworking.
كَتَبتُ رِسالَةً لِلـ____.
Match the following:
أَنا مَعَ المُصَمِّم___ الآَنَ! 🎨
هَل المُسافِرينَ وَصَلوا؟
مَشهورونَ - هُم - طَبّاخونَ
Select the correct plural form of مُهَندِس used as an object:
Score: /10
FAQ (8)
It marks the grammatical case (subject vs object).
No, only for human masculine nouns.
It sounds grammatically incorrect to native speakers.
The rule is standard, but usage varies in speech.
Feminine nouns use -at.
If it refers to a person, it's human.
Some nouns are irregular, but this is a regular pattern.
Write sentences and check the case.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Pluralization with -s/-es
Arabic case endings are syntactic, Spanish is purely morphological.
Pluralization with -s
Arabic case system is absent in French.
Case system (Nominative, Accusative, etc.)
German case is on articles; Arabic case is on the noun itself.
Particles (wa, o)
Arabic is inflectional; Japanese is agglutinative.
No plural markers
Chinese is isolating; Arabic is inflectional.
Masculine plural -im
Hebrew doesn't have the same case-based -un/-in distinction.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Arabic Plurals: The "-oon" and "-een" Suffixes (Sound Masculine)
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The Arabic Case System: Subject, Object, and Possession (u, a, i)
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