The word describes a state of being below acceptable standards or defective in quality.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Refers to something being of low quality or defective.
- Commonly used in formal or technical contexts for standards.
- Can also refer to unhealthy habits or poor conditions.
概要：「不良な」は、あるべき状態や基準に達していない、あるいは望ましくない状態であることを示す形容詞です。単に「悪い」よりも客観的な評価や、基準との乖離を強調する際に用いられます。
- 1使用パターン：名詞を修飾する「不良な〜」という形が多く使われます。特に「不良な製品」「不良な環境」のように、品質管理や状態の評価に関する文脈で多用されます。また、「不良」という名詞単体で「非行少年」や「欠陥品」を指すこともあります。
一般的な文脈：ビジネスシーンでは製品の不具合（不良品）を指すことが多く、健康や生活の文脈では「不良な姿勢」や「不良な生活習慣」といった表現で、改善が必要な状態を指します。
- 1類語比較：「悪い」は非常に広範囲に使われる一般的な語ですが、「不良な」はよりフォーマルで、特定の基準や品質に対する評価というニュアンスが強くなります。「粗悪な」は品質が極めて低いことを強調するのに対し、「不良な」は単に基準を満たしていない状態を指すため、より中立的な評価と言えます。
Examples
不良な姿勢は腰痛の原因になります。
everydayPoor posture causes lower back pain.
検査の結果、不良な部品が発見された。
formalDefective parts were discovered during the inspection.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
不良品を返品する
return a defective product
生活習慣が不良
unhealthy lifestyle habits
Often Confused With
Means 'inferior quality' or 'shoddy'. It implies that the item is made of bad materials, whereas '不良な' focuses on it failing a specific test or standard.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
The word is formal and often used in technical or medical contexts. It is not suitable for casual conversation about personal preferences. Always ensure you are referring to a measurable standard when using it.
Common Mistakes
Learners often use it to describe personal feelings like 'bad mood' or 'bad weather'. It is strictly for quality, condition, or compliance. Use '悪い' for feelings or general situations.
Tips
Focus on standard compliance
Think of this word as 'non-compliant' with a standard. It is most helpful when discussing technical quality or health standards.
Avoid using for personal opinions
Don't use it to describe personal tastes like 'bad food'. Use '美味しくない' instead, as '不良' sounds too clinical.
The 'delinquent' nuance
In Japan, the noun 'furyo' (不良) is strongly associated with juvenile delinquents. Be careful with the context when using the noun form.
Word Origin
Derived from the Sino-Japanese characters 不 (not) and 良 (good). It literally translates to 'not good' but has solidified into a term for 'defective' or 'substandard'.
Cultural Context
In Japanese society, 'furyo' is a common term in school settings to describe students who break rules. However, as an adjective 'furyo-na', it remains a neutral, formal descriptor for objects and health.
Memory Tip
Think of 'F-grade' for 'Furyo'. If something is F-grade, it is definitely 'furyo' (defective/poor).
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions「悪い」は日常会話で広く使われる一般的な表現です。一方、「不良な」はより硬い表現で、特定の基準や品質管理の文脈で使われることが多いです。
はい、製造業や小売業で欠陥のある製品を指す際によく使われます。日常的にも「不良品を掴まされた」のように使われます。
あまり一般的ではありません。人に対しては「素行が不良だ」のように行動を指すか、単に「不良」と呼んで非行少年を指すことが多いです。
いいえ、基本的にネガティブな評価や状態を表す言葉です。肯定的な意味で使われることはありません。
Test Yourself
工場で検査の結果、___な製品が見つかった。
製品の欠陥を指す場合は「不良」または「不良な」を使います。
Score: /1
Summary
The word describes a state of being below acceptable standards or defective in quality.
- Refers to something being of low quality or defective.
- Commonly used in formal or technical contexts for standards.
- Can also refer to unhealthy habits or poor conditions.
Focus on standard compliance
Think of this word as 'non-compliant' with a standard. It is most helpful when discussing technical quality or health standards.
Avoid using for personal opinions
Don't use it to describe personal tastes like 'bad food'. Use '美味しくない' instead, as '不良' sounds too clinical.
The 'delinquent' nuance
In Japan, the noun 'furyo' (不良) is strongly associated with juvenile delinquents. Be careful with the context when using the noun form.
Examples
2 of 2不良な姿勢は腰痛の原因になります。
Poor posture causes lower back pain.
検査の結果、不良な部品が発見された。
Defective parts were discovered during the inspection.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
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活性化
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有利
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有利に
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宣伝する
B1To promote; to publicize; to advertise.
