B1 Reported Speech 11 min read Medium

French Reported Speech: Tense Changes (Le discours rapporté)

When reporting past speech, shift tenses backward to maintain a logical and grammatically correct timeline.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

When moving from direct to indirect speech, you must shift the verb tense if the reporting verb is in the past.

  • Present becomes Imperfect: 'Il dit : Je mange' -> 'Il a dit qu'il mangeait.'
  • Passé Composé becomes Plus-que-parfait: 'Il dit : J'ai mangé' -> 'Il a dit qu'il avait mangé.'
  • Future becomes Conditional: 'Il dit : Je mangerai' -> 'Il a dit qu'il mangerait.'
Reporting Verb (Past) + que + [Shifted Tense]

Overview

French reported speech, known as le discours rapporté or le discours indirect, is the linguistic mechanism for conveying what someone else said or thought without quoting their exact words. This structure involves embedding a speaker's original statement into a main clause, typically introduced by a reporting verb such as dire (to say), déclarer (to declare), or penser (to think). The crucial aspect for B1 learners, and the focus of this guide, lies in the concordance des temps – the sequence of tenses.

When the reporting verb is in a past tense (e.g., il a dit, elle pensait), the tenses within the reported clause often undergo a systematic transformation, shifting backward in time relative to the reporting action. This 'backshift' ensures chronological coherence, aligning the timeline of the original utterance with the past perspective of its reporting.

Mastering this tense concordance is fundamental for fluid and accurate communication in French. It allows you to narrate events, summarize conversations, relay information, and articulate past thoughts with precision. Without correctly applying these tense changes, your narratives can become temporally ambiguous, leading to misunderstandings and an impression of linguistic imprecision.

It demonstrates an advanced grasp of temporal relations in French grammar, moving beyond simple direct quotation to nuanced storytelling.

How This Grammar Works

At its core, the principle governing tense changes in French reported speech is that of temporal harmonization. When you report a statement whose original utterance occurred in the past, you are essentially relocating that statement into a new, past-oriented narrative context. The tenses of the verbs within the reported statement must then adjust to reflect this new temporal distance from the moment of reporting.
This is not arbitrary; it mirrors how events are perceived and described from a shifted chronological viewpoint.
The reporting verb acts as the pivot of this temporal shift. If this verb – the one introducing the reported speech – is in the présent (e.g., il dit) or futur simple (e.g., il dira), no tense change occurs within the reported clause. The original tenses are preserved because the act of reporting is either contemporaneous or future to the reporting moment.
For instance, Il dit : "Je suis fatigué." becomes Il dit qu'il est fatigué. Here, the information is still 'fresh,' or the reporting itself is yet to happen, so no adjustment is needed.
However, when the reporting verb is in a past tense, such as the passé composé (il a dit), imparfait (il disait), plus-que-parfait (il avait dit), or even the conditionnel passé (il aurait dit), the temporal context changes dramatically. The reported statement itself becomes a past event. Consequently, the tenses within that statement must "backshift" to maintain a logical sequence relative to the now-past reporting verb.
This ensures that the grammatical structure accurately reflects the chronological relationship between the act of speaking and the content of what was spoken. For example, if someone said "Je suis en retard" (I am late) yesterday, and you report it today using a past reporting verb, you wouldn't say "Il a dit qu'il est en retard" (He said that he is late). Instead, you would say "Il a dit qu'il était en retard" (He said that he was late), shifting suis (present) to était (imperfect) to reflect the past context of the statement from your current reporting perspective.
This systematic transformation is what provides French narratives with their characteristic precision and depth.

Formation Pattern

1
Converting direct speech into reported speech when the reporting verb is in a past tense involves several systematic adjustments. Follow these steps to ensure grammatical accuracy:
2
Identify the Reporting Verb and its Tense: Locate the verb introducing the reported speech (e.g., dire, déclarer, affirmer, répondre, expliquer, demander, penser, suggérer). Confirm it is in a past tense (passé composé, imparfait, plus-que-parfait, etc.). If it is, proceeding with the following steps is necessary.
3
Direct: Marie a dit : "Je pars demain."
4
Reported: Marie a dit qu'elle partirait le lendemain.
5
Change Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives: The grammatical subject and objects within the reported clause must shift to reflect the new speaker's perspective. Je becomes il or elle; tu becomes il or elle; nous becomes ils or elles. Similarly, possessive adjectives like mon, ta, nos will change to son, sa, ses, leur, leurs, etc.
6
Direct: Paul m'a demandé : "Tu as lu mon livre ?"
7
Reported: Paul m'a demandé si j'avais lu son livre.
8
Apply Tense Shifts (Recul des Temps): This is the most critical and comprehensive adjustment. Each tense in the direct speech clause "moves backward" to a corresponding past tense. The following table illustrates these transformations:
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| Direct Speech Tense | Reported Speech Tense | Example (Direct) | Example (Reported) |
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| :-------------------- | :------------------------ | :--------------------------- | :------------------------------------- |
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| Présent | Imparfait | Je travaille. | Il a dit qu'il travaillait. |
12
| Futur Simple | Conditionnel Présent | Je viendrai. | Il a dit qu'il viendrait. |
13
| Passé Composé | Plus-que-parfait | J'ai mangé. | Elle a affirmé qu'elle avait mangé. |
14
| Futur Antérieur | Conditionnel Passé | J'aurai fini. | Il a promis qu'il aurait fini. |
15
| Imparfait | Imparfait | Je lisais. | Elle a répondu qu'elle lisait. |
16
| Plus-que-parfait | Plus-que-parfait | J'avais vu. | Il a expliqué qu'il avait vu. |
17
| Conditionnel Présent| Conditionnel Présent | Je ferais. | Elle a dit qu'elle ferait. |
18
| Conditionnel Passé | Conditionnel Passé | J'aurais fait. | Il a pensé qu'il aurait fait. |
19
Note that the imparfait, plus-que-parfait, and both conditionnel tenses do not shift further. They represent a completed or hypothetical action in the past, or an action whose relative pastness is already established within its own frame, making further backward movement grammatically unnecessary.
20
Update Time and Place Adverbs/Expressions: Words referring to specific times or places relative to the moment of utterance in direct speech must be adjusted to be relative to the moment of reporting in the past. This ensures that aujourd'hui (today) from yesterday's conversation doesn't refer to the present day when reported.
21
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech (from past) |
22
| :------------------ | :-------------------------- |
23
| aujourd'hui | ce jour-là |
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| hier | la veille |
25
| demain | le lendemain |
26
| avant-hier | l'avant-veille |
27
| après-demain | le surlendemain |
28
| ici | là / là-bas |
29
| ce matin | ce matin-là |
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| cette semaine | cette semaine-là |
31
| l'année prochaine | l'année suivante |
32
| il y a deux jours | deux jours plus tôt |
33
Direct: Jean a promis : "Je te verrai ici la semaine prochaine."
34
Reported: Jean a promis qu'il me verrait là-bas la semaine suivante.
35
Indirect Questions and Commands:
36
Indirect Questions:
37
Yes/No Questions (Est-ce que..., inversion): Replace est-ce que or inverted subject-verb with si (if/whether).
38
Direct: Elle a demandé : "Est-ce que tu viens ?"
39
Reported: Elle a demandé si je venais.
40
Direct: Il a demandé : "Viendras-tu ?"
41
Reported: Il a demandé si je viendrais.
42
Interrogative Words (, quand, comment, pourquoi): Retain the interrogative word and follow it directly with the subject-verb structure. Apply tense shifts.
43
Direct: Elle a demandé : "Où vas-tu ?"
44
Reported: Elle a demandé où j'allais.
45
Qu'est-ce que / Que: These usually become ce que.
46
Direct: Il a demandé : "Qu'est-ce que tu fais ?"
47
Reported: Il a demandé ce que je faisais.
48
Quoi (as an object): Often becomes ce que or ce dont (if de is involved).
49
Direct: Elle a demandé : "Tu penses à quoi ?"
50
Reported: Elle a demandé à quoi je pensais.
51
Indirect Commands (Impératif): Commands are reported using de + the infinitive of the verb.
52
Direct: Le professeur a dit : "Faites vos devoirs !"
53
Reported: Le professeur a dit de faire nos devoirs.
54
For negative commands: de ne pas + infinitive.
55
Direct: Elle m'a dit : "Ne pleure pas."
56
Reported: Elle m'a dit de ne pas pleurer.

When To Use It

The application of tense changes in French reported speech is pervasive across various communicative contexts, from everyday conversation to formal written discourse. It is an indispensable tool for any B1 learner aiming for authentic and clear expression.
  • Narration and Storytelling: Whenever you recount past events or summarize conversations that took place, especially in an narrative sequence, these tense shifts are essential. They establish the correct chronological flow, indicating that the reported content occurred before or concurrently with the act of reporting.
  • Example: Hier, mon ami m'a raconté qu'il avait visité la Tour Eiffel et qu'il l'avait trouvée magnifique. (Yesterday, my friend told me that he had visited the Eiffel Tower and that he had found it magnificent.)
  • Reporting Information and News: In professional settings, journalism, or academic writing, accurately conveying what someone said at a prior moment is crucial. This rule ensures the reported statement's temporal integrity.
  • Example: Le PDG a annoncé lors de la réunion que l'entreprise lancerait un nouveau produit le mois suivant. (The CEO announced during the meeting that the company would launch a new product the following month.)
  • Summarizing Dialogue: Instead of cumbersome direct quotes, reported speech allows for concise summaries of lengthy conversations or discussions, making your communication more efficient. This is particularly useful in meeting minutes, email summaries, or informal recaps.
  • Example: J'ai expliqué à mon collègue que j'étais en retard à cause des transports en commun. (I explained to my colleague that I was late because of public transport.)
  • Expressing Past Thoughts or Beliefs: Not just for spoken words, le discours rapporté is also used to convey thoughts, beliefs, or opinions held in the past.
  • Example: Elle pensait qu'il serait impossible de finir le projet à temps. (She thought it would be impossible to finish the project on time.)
  • Avoiding Awkward Direct Quotations: In many cases, directly quoting someone can sound stilted or interrupt the flow of a narrative. Reported speech seamlessly integrates the original statement into your own sentence structure.
Employing le discours rapporté with correct tense changes lends authenticity and sophistication to your French. It signals to your audience that you are not merely parroting words but actively interpreting and contextualizing them within a broader temporal framework.

Common Mistakes

Learners often encounter specific pitfalls when navigating French reported speech with tense changes. Awareness of these common errors, and understanding their underlying reasons, can significantly improve accuracy.
  • Failing to Apply the Tense Shift: The most prevalent mistake is neglecting to backshift the tense, especially with the futur simple. English often allows the present or future tense in reported speech if the information is still relevant, but French is much stricter.
  • Incorrect: *Il a dit qu'il viendra demain. (Here, viendra (future simple) is incorrectly retained after a past reporting verb a dit.)
  • Correct: Il a dit qu'il viendrait le lendemain. (The futur simple viendra must become conditionnel présent viendrait.)
  • Reason: The future action (venir) is viewed from a past point (a dit). What was future at that past point becomes a conditional in the present's past perspective.
  • Incorrectly Changing Time/Place Adverbs: Retaining original adverbs like aujourd'hui or demain when the reporting occurred significantly later creates chronological absurdities.
  • Incorrect: *Elle a affirmé la semaine dernière qu'elle était libre aujourd'hui. (If aujourd'hui refers to the day of reporting, it clashes with la semaine dernière.)
  • Correct: Elle a affirmé la semaine dernière qu'elle était libre ce jour-là. (The adverb aujourd'hui from her original statement must shift to ce jour-là to align with the past reporting context.)
  • Reason: These adverbs are deictic, meaning their reference point shifts with the speaker and time. When reporting, their reference point is the past moment of the original utterance, not the present moment of reporting.
  • Mismanaging the Subjonctif: A common misconception is that the subjunctive also undergoes a tense shift in reported speech. This is incorrect. The subjunctive tense, if present in the original direct speech, remains unchanged in reported speech, regardless of the reporting verb's tense.
  • Direct: Il a dit : "Je veux que tu viennes à la fête."
  • Incorrect: *Il a dit qu'il voulait que je venais à la fête. (venais is imparfait, not subjunctive.)
  • Correct: Il a dit qu'il voulait que je vienne à la fête. (The subjonctif présent viennes remains vienne.)
  • Reason: The subjunctive expresses mood (desire, doubt, necessity), not primarily time. Its form is fixed by the trigger (vouloir que) and does not participate in the temporal backshift.
  • Omitting que: Unlike English, where

Tense Shift Table

Direct Speech Reported Speech (Past)
Présent
Imparfait
Passé Composé
Plus-que-parfait
Futur Simple
Conditionnel Présent
Impératif
de + Infinitif
Imparfait
Imparfait (no change)

Meanings

Reported speech is used to convey what someone else said without using their exact words. It requires adjusting tenses to maintain logical consistency.

1

Past Reporting

Reporting a statement made in the past.

“Il a dit qu'il viendrait.”

“Elle a affirmé qu'elle avait fini.”

Reference Table

Reference table for French Reported Speech: Tense Changes (Le discours rapporté)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Il a dit que + [S] + [V-shifted]
Il a dit qu'il travaillait.
Negative
Il a dit que + [S] + ne + [V-shifted] + pas
Il a dit qu'il ne travaillait pas.
Yes/No Question
Il a demandé si + [S] + [V-shifted]
Il a demandé si je travaillais.
Wh- Question
Il a demandé + [Wh] + [S] + [V-shifted]
Il a demandé ce que je faisais.
Command
Il a dit de + [Infinitif]
Il a dit de travailler.
Negative Command
Il a dit de ne pas + [Infinitif]
Il a dit de ne pas travailler.

Formality Spectrum

Formal
Il a déclaré qu'il viendrait.

Il a déclaré qu'il viendrait. (Reporting a plan)

Neutral
Il a dit qu'il viendrait.

Il a dit qu'il viendrait. (Reporting a plan)

Informal
Il a dit qu'il allait venir.

Il a dit qu'il allait venir. (Reporting a plan)

Slang
Il a dit qu'il débarquait.

Il a dit qu'il débarquait. (Reporting a plan)

Reported Speech Flow

Reporting Verb (Past)

Tense Shift

  • Présent Imparfait
  • Passé Composé Plus-que-parfait

Pronouns

  • Je Il/Elle

Examples by Level

1

Il a dit : Je suis fatigué.

He said: I am tired.

2

Il a dit qu'il était fatigué.

He said he was tired.

3

Elle a dit : J'ai faim.

She said: I am hungry.

4

Elle a dit qu'elle avait faim.

She said she was hungry.

1

Il a dit qu'il mangeait une pomme.

He said he was eating an apple.

2

Elle a dit qu'elle travaillait.

She said she was working.

3

Ils ont dit qu'ils venaient.

They said they were coming.

4

Il a dit qu'il ne savait pas.

He said he didn't know.

1

Il a dit qu'il avait fini son travail.

He said he had finished his work.

2

Elle a dit qu'elle viendrait demain.

She said she would come tomorrow.

3

Il m'a demandé si j'avais faim.

He asked me if I was hungry.

4

Elle a dit qu'elle avait vu le film.

She said she had seen the movie.

1

Il a affirmé qu'il aurait aimé venir.

He claimed he would have liked to come.

2

Elle a déclaré qu'elle ne pouvait pas rester.

She declared she could not stay.

3

Ils ont précisé qu'ils avaient déjà mangé.

They specified they had already eaten.

4

Il a demandé ce qu'elle faisait.

He asked what she was doing.

1

Il a soutenu qu'il n'avait jamais eu l'intention de partir.

He maintained he had never intended to leave.

2

Elle a souligné qu'elle aurait préféré une autre solution.

She emphasized she would have preferred another solution.

3

Il a demandé si nous avions pu terminer le projet.

He asked if we had been able to finish the project.

4

Elle a affirmé qu'elle serait là avant midi.

She claimed she would be there before noon.

1

Il a prétendu qu'il eût été préférable d'attendre.

He claimed it would have been better to wait.

2

Elle a fait savoir qu'elle ne saurait tolérer un tel comportement.

She made it known she could not tolerate such behavior.

3

Il a indiqué qu'il avait été informé de la situation.

He indicated he had been informed of the situation.

4

Elle a demandé ce qu'il en serait de l'avenir.

She asked what would become of the future.

Easily Confused

French Reported Speech: Tense Changes (Le discours rapporté) vs Direct vs Indirect

Learners mix up the tense shift.

French Reported Speech: Tense Changes (Le discours rapporté) vs Que vs Si

Using 'que' for questions.

French Reported Speech: Tense Changes (Le discours rapporté) vs Tense shift vs No shift

Shifting when the reporting verb is present.

Common Mistakes

Il a dit qu'il est fatigué.

Il a dit qu'il était fatigué.

Reporting verb is in the past, so shift the tense.

Elle a dit je suis là.

Elle a dit qu'elle était là.

Need 'que' and pronoun change.

Il a dit : il est fatigué.

Il a dit qu'il était fatigué.

Use 'que' for indirect speech.

Il a dit il mange.

Il a dit qu'il mangeait.

Need 'que' and shift.

Il a dit qu'il a mangé.

Il a dit qu'il avait mangé.

Passé composé shifts to plus-que-parfait.

Il a dit qu'il mangera.

Il a dit qu'il mangerait.

Future shifts to conditional.

Il a demandé si je mange.

Il a demandé si je mangeais.

Shift required in questions too.

Il a dit qu'il viendra demain.

Il a dit qu'il viendrait le lendemain.

Shift future and time expression.

Elle a dit qu'elle a fini hier.

Elle a dit qu'elle avait fini la veille.

Shift tense and time expression.

Il a dit qu'il est venu.

Il a dit qu'il était venu.

Passé composé shift.

Il a dit qu'il aurait venu.

Il a dit qu'il serait venu.

Conditional past uses être.

Il a dit qu'il aille.

Il a dit qu'il irait.

Conditional, not subjunctive.

Il a dit que c'est bien.

Il a dit que c'était bien.

Shift present.

Sentence Patterns

Il a dit qu'il ___.

Elle a demandé si je ___.

Ils ont affirmé qu'ils ___.

Il a dit de ne pas ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Il a dit qu'il arrivait.

Job Interview very common

Mon ancien patron a dit que j'étais efficace.

Social Media common

Elle a dit qu'elle ne viendrait pas.

Travel common

Le réceptionniste a dit que le petit-déjeuner était à 8h.

Food Delivery occasional

Le livreur a dit qu'il était en retard.

News Report very common

Le ministre a déclaré qu'il prendrait des mesures.

💡

Check the reporting verb

Always look at the first verb. If it's in the past, you MUST shift the second verb.
⚠️

Don't forget the pronouns

If someone says 'I', you must change it to 'he' or 'she' in reported speech.
🎯

Time expressions

Remember to change 'hier' to 'la veille' and 'demain' to 'le lendemain'.
💬

Formal reporting

In formal writing, use 'affirmer' or 'déclarer' instead of 'dire'.

Smart Tips

Use the conditional tense.

Il a dit qu'il viendra. Il a dit qu'il viendrait.

Use the plus-que-parfait.

Il a dit qu'il a mangé. Il a dit qu'il avait mangé.

Use the imparfait.

Il a dit qu'il est fatigué. Il a dit qu'il était fatigué.

Use 'si' for yes/no.

Il a demandé que je viens. Il a demandé si je venais.

Pronunciation

qu'il -> [kil]

Liaison

Remember to link 'qu'il' as [ki].

Statement

Il a dit qu'il viendrait. ↘

Falling intonation for statements.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Past reporting pulls the verb back in time like a rubber band.

Visual Association

Imagine a timeline. When you say 'He said', you are standing in the past. You have to look further back to see the original action.

Rhyme

If the past is in the lead, the verb must shift indeed.

Story

Pierre said 'I am eating'. Later, I told my friend: 'Pierre a dit qu'il mangeait'. I had to shift the verb because Pierre's eating happened before my telling.

Word Web

direaffirmerquesidemanderrépondre

Challenge

Take 3 sentences from a book and rewrite them as reported speech.

Cultural Notes

Formal French often uses 'déclarer' or 'préciser' instead of 'dire'.

Informal speech often drops the 'que'.

Reported speech is very common in storytelling.

Derived from Latin 'oratio obliqua'.

Conversation Starters

Qu'est-ce qu'il a dit ?

Qu'est-ce qu'elle t'a demandé ?

Qu'est-ce que le professeur a dit à propos de l'examen ?

Qu'est-ce que les nouvelles ont annoncé ?

Journal Prompts

Write about a conversation you had yesterday.
Summarize what your boss or teacher said today.
Report a rumor you heard (real or imagined).
Write a short story using only reported speech.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct tense.

Il a dit qu'il (manger) ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mangeait
Present shifts to imparfait.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il a dit qu'il était venu.
Passé composé shifts to plus-que-parfait.
Find the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Il a dit qu'il viendra demain.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: viendra
Should be 'viendrait'.
Transform to reported speech. Sentence Transformation

Elle dit : 'Je suis prête'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Elle a dit qu'elle était prête.
Present to imparfait.
Match the direct to indirect. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il a dit qu'il viendrait
Future to conditional.
Select the correct question form. Multiple Choice

Il a demandé : 'Tu viens ?'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il a demandé si je venais.
Use 'si' for yes/no questions.
Fill in the blank.

Elle a dit qu'elle (finir) ___ ses devoirs.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: avait fini
Passé composé to plus-que-parfait.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

Il / dire / que / il / être / fatigué.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il a dit qu'il était fatigué.
Correct structure.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct tense.

Il a dit qu'il (manger) ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mangeait
Present shifts to imparfait.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il a dit qu'il était venu.
Passé composé shifts to plus-que-parfait.
Find the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Il a dit qu'il viendra demain.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: viendra
Should be 'viendrait'.
Transform to reported speech. Sentence Transformation

Elle dit : 'Je suis prête'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Elle a dit qu'elle était prête.
Present to imparfait.
Match the direct to indirect. Match Pairs

Match: Je viendrai -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il a dit qu'il viendrait
Future to conditional.
Select the correct question form. Multiple Choice

Il a demandé : 'Tu viens ?'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il a demandé si je venais.
Use 'si' for yes/no questions.
Fill in the blank.

Elle a dit qu'elle (finir) ___ ses devoirs.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: avait fini
Passé composé to plus-que-parfait.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

Il / dire / que / il / être / fatigué.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il a dit qu'il était fatigué.
Correct structure.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Reorder the words to form a correct reported speech sentence. Sentence Reorder

dit / m'a / il / qu' / était / il / fatigué

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il m'a dit qu'il était fatigué.
Translate this to French using reported speech. Translation

She said she would go to the party.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Elle a dit qu'elle irait à la fête.
Match the direct speech tense with its reported speech equivalent. Match Pairs

Match the pairs:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Présent : Imparfait, Futur : Conditionnel, Passé Composé : Plus-que-parfait
Complete the sentence with the correct time marker. Fill in the Blank

Hier, il m'a dit qu'il viendrait _________.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: le lendemain
Select the correct way to report a question. Multiple Choice

Direct: 'Où vas-tu ?'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il m'a demandé où j'allais.
Fix the tense error. Error Correction

Ils m'ont dit qu'ils pourront venir.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ils m'ont dit qu'ils pourraient venir.
Report the imperative: 'Fais tes devoirs !' Fill in the Blank

Ma mère m'a dit ______ mes devoirs.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: de faire
Translate to French. Translation

They said they had finished their work.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ils ont dit qu'ils avaient fini leur travail.
Which one uses 'si' correctly? Multiple Choice

Direct: 'Tu viens ?'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il m'a demandé si je venais.
Arrange the reported question. Sentence Reorder

demandé / m'a / elle / si / faim / j'avais

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Elle m'a demandé si j'avais faim.

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

Only if the reporting verb is in the past. If it's in the present, keep the original tense.

It becomes 'ce jour-là' in reported speech.

No, use 'si' for yes/no questions or the interrogative word for others.

It's used in all registers, but the choice of reporting verb changes.

It shifts to the conditional.

Because it's about the agreement of tenses between the two clauses.

You can, but 'affirmer', 'déclarer', or 'préciser' add more nuance.

It's very similar, but French is more strict about the tense shift.

Scaffolded Practice

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1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Estilo indirecto

Spanish uses the subjunctive more frequently in reported commands.

German low

Konjunktiv I

German uses a mood shift, French uses a tense shift.

English high

Reported speech

French is more rigid about the tense shift.

Japanese low

To iu

Japanese does not use a tense-shift system.

Arabic low

Naql al-kalam

Arabic does not rely on a tense-shift system.

Chinese low

Jianjie yinyong

Chinese has no tense system to shift.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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