1 The Formal 'And': Connecting Nouns (와/과) 2 Saying 'And' & 'With' (Casual) 3 Possessive Particle 의 (pronounced 'eh') 4 To Someone (에게 / 한테) 5 Particle 도 (Also/Too) 6 Just/Only: The Exclusive Particle 만

Back to Chapter

A1 Particles 15 min read Easy

Particle 도 (Also/Too)

Use 도 to replace subject/object particles when adding something 'also' or 'too' to a list.

Mark as Learned

Practice it

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The particle '도' means 'also' or 'too' and replaces subject or object markers like '이/가' or '을/를'.

Use '도' to indicate inclusion: '저도 학생이에요' (I am also a student).
It replaces subject markers '이/가' and object markers '을/를'.
It attaches directly to the noun: '커피도 마셔요' (I drink coffee too).

Noun + 도

Overview

Particle 도 (do) is a fundamental Korean additive particle, often translated as "also," "too," or "even." At its core, 도 marks the word it attaches to as being an addition or an inclusion to something previously mentioned or understood. It is a focus particle, meaning it highlights the noun, pronoun, or phrase it modifies, emphasizing its role as an additional element in the sentence. Mastering 도 early is crucial for A1 learners, as it allows for concise and natural expression of agreement and inclusion.

Unlike subject (이/가), topic (은/는), or object (을/를) particles that primarily define a noun's grammatical function, 도 overlays an additional meaning of inclusion onto that noun. This is why 도 often replaces those primary grammatical particles, asserting its additive meaning while implicitly carrying the original grammatical role. For example, 저도 학생이에요. (jeodo haksaengieyo.) means "I also am a student," where 도 replaces 는 from 저는 학생이에요., retaining the topic-marking function but adding "also."

How This Grammar Works

Particle 도 functions by drawing attention to the element it modifies, indicating that this element shares a characteristic or participates in an action already attributed to another. Its behavior with other particles reveals its nature as a strong focus particle. Fundamentally, 도 acts as a replacement for primary grammatical particles (subject, object, topic) but attaches after secondary, adverbial particles (location, time, recipient).

1. Replacing Primary Grammatical Particles:

When 도 attaches to a noun that would typically take a subject particle (이/가), an object particle (을/를), or a topic particle (은/는), 도 replaces these particles entirely. The reason for this replacement is that 도 itself carries a strong focusing function, similar to 은/는 in marking the 'aboutness' or 'new information,' but with the added layer of 'inclusion.' By replacing 이/가, 은/는, or 을/를, 도 highlights the noun as the additional subject, object, or topic.

For instance, if someone says 저는 한국 사람이에요. (I am Korean), and you also are Korean, you would respond 저도 한국 사람이에요. (jeodo hanguk saramieyo.) Here, 도 replaces 는, making you the additional Korean person without needing two particles for the same noun. Similarly, if you like apples (사과를 좋아해요), and you also like bananas, you say 바나나도 좋아해요. (bananado joahaeyo.)—도 replaces 를, marking bananas as an additional object of liking.

2. Attaching After Secondary Adverbial Particles:

Conversely, when 도 attaches to a noun that is already modified by an adverbial particle (such as location 에, 에서; direction 으로; time 에; or recipient 에게, 한테), 도 attaches after these particles. These adverbial particles define the noun's specific role (e.g., where an action occurs, to whom something is directed). 도 then adds the meaning of "also" or "too" to this already established role.

Consider 집에 가요. (I go home). If you also go to your friend's house, you say 친구 집에도 가요. (chingu jibedo gayo.) Here, 에 marks the destination, and 도 then signifies that this destination is also included. You are not saying "friend's house also go," but "go to friend's house also." This distinction is vital for understanding 도's grammatical behavior and avoiding common mistakes.

Formation Pattern

Particle 도 attaches directly to nouns, pronouns, or noun phrases. Its interaction with other particles is systematic and follows clear rules, depending on the grammatical function of the preceding particle.

|:------------------------------|:------------|:-----------------------|:---------------------------------|:---------------------|:----------------------------------|

Notes on Specific Cases:

와/과 (And/With): When connecting two nouns with 와/과 (formal) or 하고/(이)랑 (casual) and you want to say "A and also B," 도 typically attaches to the second noun, or both for emphasis.

저는 사과와 바나나도 먹었어요. (jeoneun sagwawa bananado meogeosseoyo.) – I ate apples and bananas too.

엄마랑 아빠도 왔어요. (eommarang appado wasseoyo.) – Mom and Dad also came.

Verbs/Adjectives: 도 cannot attach directly to verbs or adjectives. To express "also do/be (verb/adjective)," the nominalizer 기 is used, followed by 도, and then 하다 (~기도 하다). This structure turns the verb/adjective into a noun phrase, allowing 도 to attach.

저는 한국어도 배우고, 책도 읽어요. (I also learn Korean, and I also read books.) - Here, 도 attaches to the nouns 한국어 and 책, not the verbs 배우다 (learn) or 읽다 (read).

If you wanted to say "I also study" as an additional action: 저는 공부도 해요. (jeoneun gongbudo haeyo.) - This treats 'study' as a noun. For a more direct verbal addition, you'd use the ~기도 하다 construction, e.g., 저는 피곤하기도 해요. (I'm also tired.)

When To Use It

도 is versatile and essential for indicating inclusion, addition, or even emphasis on unexpectedness. Its usage can be categorized into several key scenarios:

1. Indicating "Also" or "Too" (Additive/Inclusive Meaning):

This is the most common application of 도. It signifies that the noun it attaches to is an additional item, person, or concept that shares a characteristic or action with something else previously mentioned or implied.

Adding a subject or topic: If your friend likes coffee, and you do too:
친구는 커피를 좋아해요. 저도 커피를 좋아해요. (chinguneun keopireul joahaeyo. jeodo keopireul joahaeyo.) – My friend likes coffee. I also like coffee.
In a casual conversation, you can simply say: 나도! (nado!) – Me too!
Adding an object: If you bought a book, and you also bought a pen:
책을 샀어요. 펜도 샀어요. (chaegeul sasseoyo. pendo sasseoyo.) – I bought a book. I also bought a pen.
Adding a location or time: If you study at school, and you also study at home:
학교에서 공부해요. 집에서도 공부해요. (hakgyoeseo gongbuhaeyo. jibeseodo gongbuhaeyo.) – I study at school. I also study at home.

2. Expressing "Even" (Emphasis or Unexpectedness):

도 can convey a sense of surprise, emphasis, or unexpectedness, especially when the item or person added is notable or contrary to expectation. In English, this often translates to "even" or "not even."

Surprising inclusion:
아이도 이해할 수 있어요. (aido ihaehal su isseoyo.) – Even a child can understand.
This implies that if a child can understand, anyone should be able to. It highlights the simplicity of the concept.
In negative sentences, for strong negation: When combined with negative verbs or 아무 (amu, any/nothing), 도 creates strong negative expressions like "nobody," "nothing," "never," "nowhere."
아무도 없어요. (amudo eopseoyo.) – Nobody is here. (Literally, "any person also is not here.")
아무것도 몰라요. (amugeotdo mollayo.) – I don't know anything (at all). (Literally, "any thing also I don't know.")
한 개도 안 먹었어요. (han gaedo an meogeosseoyo.) – I didn't eat even one.

3. Repeating 도 for "Both A and B" or "A, B, and C as well":

When 도 is attached to multiple nouns in a sentence, it emphasizes that all listed items are included. This can express "both... and..." or a longer list of inclusions.

저는 노래도 잘하고 춤도 잘 춰요. (jeoneun noraedo jalhago chumdo jal chweoyo.) – I both sing well and dance well too.
사과도 사고, 바나나도 사고, 귤도 샀어요. (sagwado sago, bananado sago, gyuldo sasseoyo.) – I bought apples, and bananas too, and tangerines too.

4. Cultural Insight: Polite Agreement:

저도요. (jeodo-yo.) is a commonly used polite phrase for "Me too." or "I agree." It's versatile in social situations to show solidarity or shared experience without having to formulate a full sentence. Its casual counterpart is 나도. (nado.). These expressions are integral to showing social agreement in Korean daily life.

When Not To Use It

While 도 is extremely versatile, there are specific contexts where its usage would be grammatically incorrect or unnatural. Understanding these limitations is as important as knowing when to use it.

1. Directly After Verbs or Adjectives:

As mentioned, 도 is a particle that attaches to nouns or noun phrases. It cannot directly attach to a verb stem (-다) or an adjective stem. If you want to express "also do/be (verb/adjective)," you must convert the verb/adjective into a noun form using ~기 (~gi) and then attach 도 to it, typically followed by 하다 (~gido hada).

Incorrect: 가요도 (gayo-do) – (meaning "go also")
Correct (attaching to noun): 저도 가요. (jeodo gayo.) – I also go. (Here, 도 attaches to the pronoun 저)
Correct (attaching to nominalized verb): 공부하기도 해요. (gongbuhagido haeyo.) – I also study (as one of my activities).

2. When the Meaning is "Only" or "Exclusively":

도 signifies inclusion. If you intend to express exclusion or limitation ("only A"), you should use the particle 만 (man). Using 도 in such a context would reverse the intended meaning.

Incorrect: 저는 커피도 마셔요. if you mean "I only drink coffee."
Correct: 저는 커피만 마셔요. (jeoneun keopiman masyeoyo.) – I only drink coffee.

3. As an Adverb Meaning "Again":

도 is a particle; it adds meaning to the noun it attaches to. It should not be confused with the adverb 또 (tto), which means "again" or "also" but functions as an adverb, typically placed before a verb or adjective. While both can mean "also," their grammatical roles are distinct.

Incorrect: 도 오세요. if you mean "Come again*."
Correct: 또 오세요. (tto oseyo.) – Please come again.
Correct (using 도 as a particle): 저도 갈게요. (jeodo galgeyo.) – I'll go too.

4. Redundancy with Other Inclusive Expressions:

While 도 is useful for inclusion, sometimes its meaning might be redundant if the sentence already contains another word that implies "also" or "in addition." While not strictly incorrect, omitting 도 can sometimes sound more natural, especially in advanced sentences. For A1 learners, it's generally safe to use 도 when you mean "also."

Common Mistakes

Beginners learning 도 often encounter a few common pitfalls. Recognizing these and understanding their underlying reasons will significantly improve your accuracy.

1. The "Double Particle" Error (저는도, 사과를도):

This is by far the most frequent mistake among A1 learners. They attempt to attach 도 after a primary grammatical particle (은/는, 이/가, 을/를), resulting in ungrammatical forms like 저는도 or 사과를도. This happens because learners correctly identify the role of 은/는 (topic) or 을/를 (object) but fail to understand 도's replacing nature.

Why it's wrong: 도 is a focus particle that inherently covers the focusing aspect of 은/는 and the grammatical marking of 이/가 and 을/를 while adding its own "also" meaning. It doesn't combine with them; it overrides them. Think of 도 as a super-particle that takes the place of these basic markers when its additive meaning is intended.
Incorrect: *저는도 학생이에요.
Correct: 저도 학생이에요. (jeodo haksaengieyo.) – I also am a student.
Incorrect: *사과를도 먹었어요.
Correct: 사과도 먹었어요. (sagwado meogeosseoyo.) – I also ate an apple.

2. Misplacing 도 (Attaching to Verbs/Adjectives):

Another common error is trying to attach 도 directly to a verb or adjective stem or its conjugated form. This misunderstanding stems from directly translating "also [verb]" from English.

Why it's wrong: 도 is a noun particle. It modifies a noun, pronoun, or nominalized phrase. It cannot modify verbs or adjectives directly. The "also" meaning for an action or state is conveyed by attaching 도 to the subject or object performing that action, or by using the ~기도 하다 construction.
Incorrect: 공부해요도. (gongbuhaeyodo.) – (meaning "study also")
Correct (modifying subject): 저는 공부도 해요. (jeoneun gongbudo haeyo.) – I also study (where 공부 is a noun meaning 'study').
Correct (nominalized verb): 공부하기도 해요. (gongbuhagido haeyo.) – I also study (as one of my activities).

3. Confusing 도 with 또:

Both 도 and 또 can be translated as "also," but their grammatical function and nuance differ significantly. 또 is an adverb meaning "again" or "additionally" (in the sense of a repeated or extra action/event), while 도 is a particle meaning "also," "too," or "even" (in the sense of an added noun/element).

Incorrect: 도 비가 와요. (do biga wayo.) if you mean "It's raining again*."
Correct: 또 비가 와요. (tto biga wayo.) – It's raining again.
Correct (using 도 for inclusion): 내일도 비가 와요. (naeildo biga wayo.) – It's raining tomorrow too.

4. Overlooking the "Even" Nuance in Negative Sentences:

Beginners often struggle to translate 도 correctly in negative contexts. While 도 generally means "also," in negative sentences, it often takes on the meaning of "even" or is part of a strong negation ("not even," "nobody," "nothing").

Misinterpretation: Translating 저는 영화도 안 봐요. as "I don't watch movies also." which sounds unnatural.
Correct understanding: 저는 영화도 안 봐요. (jeoneun yeonghwado an bwayo.) – I don't even watch movies. (Implies a strong disinterest or lack of activity, extending to movies.)
This highlights that 도 often implies a spectrum, and in negative cases, it means not including even the lowest or expected point on that spectrum.

Common Collocations

Korean features many natural expressions where 도 frequently appears, forming essential phrases for daily conversation.

저도요 (jeodo-yo) / 나도 (nado)
Meaning: Me too. (Polite / Casual)
Usage: The most common way to express agreement or shared sentiment.
Example: A: 피곤해요. (I'm tired.) B: 저도요. (Me too.)

이것도 (igeotdo) / 그것도 (geugeotdo) / 저것도 (jeogeotdo)
Meaning: This one too / That one too / That one over there too.
Usage: Referring to specific items in a list or when making selections.
Example: 사과 주세요. 이것도 주세요. (Please give me an apple. Please give me this one too.)

여기도 (yeogido) / 거기도 (geogido) / 저기도 (jeogido)
Meaning: Here too / There too / Over there too.
Usage: Indicating an additional location.
Example: A: 서울에 살아요. (I live in Seoul.) B: 여기도 좋아요. (Here also is good.) (Referring to their current location)

오늘도 (oneuldo) / 내일도 (naeil-do) / 매일도 (maeil-do)
Meaning: Today too / Tomorrow too / Every day too.
Usage: Indicating additional time frames.
Example: 오늘도 학교에 가요. (I go to school today too.)

모두도 (modu-do) / 다도 (dado)
Meaning: Everyone/All too. (Less common, 모두 or 다 often suffice without 도 when the 'also' is implied, but 도 adds emphasis.)
Example: 모두도 동의했어요. (Everyone also agreed.)

아무도 (amudo) Negative Verb

Meaning: Nobody / Not anyone.
Usage: Used with a negative verb to indicate a complete lack of people.
Example: 교실에 아무도 없어요. (There is nobody in the classroom.)

아무것도 (amugeotdo) Negative Verb

Meaning: Nothing / Not anything.
Usage: Used with a negative verb to indicate a complete lack of things.
Example: 냉장고에 아무것도 없어요. (There is nothing in the refrigerator.)

Contrast With Similar Patterns

Understanding 도 is enhanced by distinguishing it from other particles and adverbs that might seem similar but carry different nuances or grammatical functions.

1. 도 (Particle, "Also/Even") vs. 또 (Adverb, "Again/Also")

This is a critical distinction for A1 learners.

도 (Particle):
Attaches directly to a noun, pronoun, or nominalized phrase.
Primarily means "also," "too," or "even," indicating inclusion or emphasis on an additional element.
Focuses on the noun or element being added.
Example: 저는 김치도 좋아해요. (jeoneun gimchido joahaeyo.) – I also like kimchi. (Kimchi is an additional item I like.)

또 (Adverb):
Is an adverb; it stands alone or modifies a verb/adjective.
Primarily means "again," "in addition," or "furthermore."
Focuses on the action or event being repeated or happening additionally.
Example: 또 만나요. (tto mannayo.) – Let's meet again.
Example: 오늘 비가 와요. 또 바람도 많이 불어요. (oneul biga wayo. tto baramdo mani bureoyo.) – It's raining today. Also, it's very windy. (Here, 또 introduces an additional fact or event, while 도 within 바람도 still means "even/also wind.")

2. 도 (Inclusive) vs. 만 (Exclusive)

These two particles are direct opposites in meaning and function, making their contrast very clear.

도 (Inclusive Particle):
Means "also," "too," "even."
Indicates that the noun it modifies is included among others.
Expands the scope of what is being discussed.
Example: 저는 커피도 마시고 물도 마셔요. (jeoneun keopido masigo muldo masyeoyo.) – I also drink coffee and also drink water. (Inclusive: Coffee and water are both drunk.)

만 (Exclusive Particle):
Means "only," "just."
Indicates that the noun it modifies is the sole item or exception, excluding all others.
Narrows the scope of what is being discussed.
Example: 저는 커피만 마셔요. (jeoneun keopiman masyeoyo.) – I only drink coffee. (Exclusive: I don't drink anything else.)

Contextual Impact: Imagine a situation where you're offering someone a drink.
A: 차 마실래요? (Would you like tea?)
B: 아니요, 커피도 주세요. (No, please give me coffee too.) – B wants coffee in addition to or instead of tea (implying B also drinks coffee).
B: 아니요, 커피만 주세요. (No, please give me only coffee.) – B wants only coffee, not tea or anything else.

3. 도 (Additive Noun Particle) vs. -고 (Conjunctive Verb/Adjective Ending, "And")

While both can express "and" or addition, they connect different grammatical elements.

도 (Particle): Connects nouns or noun phrases to indicate additional items or elements.
Example: 사과도 있고 바나나도 있어요. (sagwado itgo bananado isseoyo.) – There are both apples and bananas.

-고 (Conjunctive Ending): Connects verbs or adjectives to form compound sentences, indicating sequential actions, parallel states, or a list of items within a clause.
Example: 저는 책을 읽고 음악을 들어요. (jeoneun chaegeul ilggo eumageul deureoyo.) – I read a book and listen to music.

It is common to use both together for complex sentences:
저는 영화도 보고 책도 읽어요. (jeoneun yeonghwado bogo chaekdo ilgeoyo.) – I also watch movies and also read books.
Here, 도 marks 영화 (movies) and 책 (books) as additional objects, while -고 connects the actions of watching and reading.

Quick FAQ

Q: Can 도 be used multiple times in one sentence?

Yes, absolutely. Using 도 on multiple nouns emphasizes that each of those nouns is included or added. This is a natural way to express "both A and B" or "A, B, and C as well." For example, 저는 한국어도 배우고 영어도 배워요. (jeoneun hangeugeodo baeugo yeong-eodo baeueoyo.) means "I also learn Korean and also learn English."

Q: Does 도 imply politeness?

No, the particle 도 itself is neutral in terms of politeness. The level of politeness in a sentence is determined by the verb ending. For instance, 나도 (nado) is casual, while 저도요 (jeodo-yo) uses the polite 요 ending. Similarly, 저도 갑니다. (jeodo gamnida.) is formal polite, using the 습니다/ㅂ니다 ending.

Q: Can I use 도 with interrogative pronouns (who, what, where, when, why)?

Yes, and this is a particularly important usage at the A1 level, especially when combined with negative verbs to form expressions like "nobody," "nothing," "nowhere," "never." This usage significantly strengthens the negation.

누구도 몰라요. (nugudo mollayo.) – Nobody knows. (누구 meaning 'who')
무엇도 없어요. (mueotdo eopseoyo.) – There is nothing. (무엇 meaning 'what')
어디에도 안 가요. (eodiedo an gayo.) – I don't go anywhere (at all). (어디 meaning 'where', 에 for location, 도 for emphasis).

Q: Is 역시 similar to 도?

역시 (yeoksi) can sometimes be translated as "also" or "as well," but it carries the additional nuance of "as expected" or "sure enough." It suggests that something is consistent with what was already known or anticipated. So, while it can imply addition, it also adds an element of expectation or confirmation. For instance, 역시 맛있어요. (yeoksi masisseoyo.) means "It's delicious, as expected," implying you already thought it would be. 이것도 맛있어요. (igeotdo masisseoyo.) means "This also is delicious," simply adding it to a list of delicious things without the 'expected' nuance.

Particle Replacement Table

Original Particle	Replacement	Example
이/가	도	학생이 -> 학생도
을/를	도	사과를 -> 사과도
은/는	도	나는 -> 나도
에	에도	집에 -> 집에도
에서	에서도	학교에서 -> 학교에서도
(None)	도	친구 -> 친구도

Meanings

The particle '도' is used to express 'also', 'too', or 'as well'. It indicates that the preceding noun is included in the same category or action as something previously mentioned.

Additive/Inclusion

Indicates that the subject or object is in addition to others.

“친구도 왔어요.”

“사과도 먹고 싶어요.”

Emphasis/Even

Used to emphasize an extreme case, often translated as 'even'.

“물도 없어요.”

“이름도 몰라요.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Particle 도 (Also/Too)
Form	Structure	Example
Affirmative	Noun + 도	나도 가요 (I go too)
Negative	Noun + 도 + Negative Verb	돈도 없어요 (I don't even have money)
Question	Noun + 도 + Verb?	너도 갈래? (Do you want to go too?)
Location	Noun + 에 + 도	서울에도 있어요 (It is also in Seoul)
Time	Noun + 에 + 도	밤에도 공부해요 (I study at night too)
Emphasis	Noun + 도	이름도 몰라요 (I don't even know the name)

Formality Spectrum

Formal

저도 학생입니다.

저도 학생입니다. (Self-introduction)

Neutral

저도 학생이에요.

저도 학생이에요. (Self-introduction)

Informal

나도 학생이야.

나도 학생이야. (Self-introduction)

Slang

나도 학생임.

나도 학생임. (Self-introduction)

The '도' Connection

도

Meaning

또한 also
역시 too

Usage

추가 addition
강조 emphasis

Examples by Level

저도 학생이에요.

I am a student too.

커피도 마셔요.

I drink coffee too.

친구도 왔어요.

My friend also came.

이것도 좋아요.

This is also good.

한국어도 공부해요.

I study Korean too.

주말에도 일해요.

I work on weekends too.

돈도 없어요.

I don't even have money.

이름도 몰라요.

I don't even know the name.

그분도 우리와 함께 갈 거예요.

He/she will also go with us.

책도 읽고 영화도 봐요.

I read books and also watch movies.

어제도 비가 왔어요.

It rained yesterday too.

거기에도 사람이 많아요.

There are many people there too.

아무리 바빠도 운동은 해야 해요.

No matter how busy you are, you must exercise.

그는 실력도 있고 성격도 좋아요.

He is talented and has a good personality too.

가고 싶어도 갈 수가 없어요.

Even if I want to go, I can't.

누구도 그 사실을 몰라요.

No one knows that fact.

그는 천재일 뿐만 아니라 노력도 많이 해요.

Not only is he a genius, he also works hard.

어떤 상황에서도 포기하지 마세요.

Do not give up in any situation.

그는 말도 안 되는 소리를 해요.

He is saying something that makes no sense.

그는 친구들 사이에서도 인기가 많아요.

He is popular even among his friends.

그는 죽음조차도 두려워하지 않았어요.

He did not even fear death.

그는 학문적 성취도도 매우 높아요.

His level of academic achievement is also very high.

그는 모든 면에서 완벽함 그 자체도 추구해요.

He pursues perfection itself in every aspect.

그는 어떠한 변명도 통하지 않을 거예요.

No excuse will work for him.

Easily Confused

Particle 도 (Also/Too) vs 도 vs. 은/는

Learners confuse the topic marker with the additive particle.

Particle 도 (Also/Too) vs 도 vs. 만

Both replace particles, but have opposite meanings.

Particle 도 (Also/Too) vs 도 vs. 또한

Both mean 'also', but register differs.

Common Mistakes

✗

사과를도 먹어요

✓

사과도 먹어요

Do not keep the object marker.

✗

나는도 학생이에요

✓

나도 학생이에요

Do not keep the topic marker.

✗

이것 도 좋아요

✓

이것도 좋아요

Particles must be attached to the noun.

✗

사과 도 먹어요

✓

사과도 먹어요

No space before the particle.

✗

어제도에 갔어요

✓

어제도 갔어요

Time words don't need location markers with '도'.

✗

거기에도에 있어요

✓

거기에도 있어요

Double particle error.

✗

누구도 몰라요

✓

아무도 몰라요

Use '아무' for 'anyone' in negative contexts.

✗

바쁘도 공부해요

✓

바빠도 공부해요

Concessive form requires -아/어.

✗

그것도도 좋아요

✓

그것도 좋아요

Double marking.

✗

먹고도 싶어요

✓

먹고 싶기도 해요

Nuance of 'also want to'.

✗

그는 천재도 해요

✓

그는 천재이기도 해요

Need copula for nouns.

✗

어떤 상황도 포기하지 마세요

✓

어떤 상황에서도 포기하지 마세요

Need location marker.

✗

말도 안 되는

✓

말도 안 되는

Correct, but ensure context.

Sentence Patterns

저도 ___을/를 좋아해요.

___도 있어요.

___도 가고 싶어요.

___도 공부하고 싶어요.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

나도!

Ordering food very common

콜라도 주세요.

Job interview common

이 분야에도 관심이 많습니다.

Social media very common

저도 여기 가봤어요!

Travel common

여기에도 화장실이 있어요?

Classroom common

저도 질문이 있어요.

💡

Drop the marker

Always remember to remove the original particle before adding '도'.

⚠️

Don't double mark

Never write '을도' or '이가도'. It is always just '도'.

🎯

Use it for agreement

When someone says something you agree with, just say '저도요!' (Me too!).

💬

Politeness

In formal settings, use '저도' instead of '나도'.

Smart Tips

Use '저도요' (Me too) for a natural, quick response.

저도 그렇게 생각해요. → 저도요!

Use '도' for every item in the list to show they are all included.

사과를 먹고 배를 먹어요. → 사과도 먹고 배도 먹어요.

Use '도' to emphasize how bad things are.

돈이 없어요. → 돈도 없어요.

Use '또한' instead of '도' for a professional tone.

이것도 중요합니다. → 또한 이것도 중요합니다.

Pronunciation

/do/

Standard

Pronounced as 'do' like 'dough'.

Statement

저도 학생이에요 ↘

Neutral statement of fact.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of '도' as a 'Doughnut' that you add to your plate. You already have a meal, and you add a doughnut too!

Visual Association

Imagine a person holding one apple, then adding another apple to their hand. The second apple is '도'.

Rhyme

When you want to say 'me too', just add '도' and you're through!

Story

Min-su goes to the store. He buys bread. He sees milk and thinks, 'I need milk too.' He says, '우유도 주세요.' The clerk gives him the milk. Now he has bread and milk.

Word Web

The particle '도' means 'also'.

Find the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

사과를도 먹어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사과도 먹어요

Do not keep the object marker.

Which is correct? Multiple Choice

Choose the correct sentence.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 나도 가요

Correct particle replacement.

Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저도 커피 마셔요

Subject first.

Translate to Korean. Translation

I like this too.

Answer starts with: 이것도...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이것도 좋아요

Correct use of '도'.

Match the English to Korean. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 나도 / 너도 / 여기도

Correct vocabulary.

Which means 'even'? Multiple Choice

돈도 없어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I don't even have money

Negative context.

Fill in the blank.

주말___ 일해요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 에도

Time + 도.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises

Fill in the blank with '도'.

저___ 학생이에요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 도

The particle '도' means 'also'.

Find the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

사과를도 먹어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사과도 먹어요

Do not keep the object marker.

Which is correct? Multiple Choice

Choose the correct sentence.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 나도 가요

Correct particle replacement.

Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

커피 / 마셔요 / 저도

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저도 커피 마셔요

Subject first.

Translate to Korean. Translation

I like this too.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이것도 좋아요

Correct use of '도'.

Match the English to Korean. Match Pairs

Me too / You too / Also here

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 나도 / 너도 / 여기도

Correct vocabulary.

Which means 'even'? Multiple Choice

돈도 없어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I don't even have money

Negative context.

Fill in the blank.

주말___ 일해요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 에도

Time + 도.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises

Fill in the blank to say 'Give me water too'. Fill in the Blank

물___ 주세요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 도

Translate 'Me too' into polite Korean. Translation

Me too.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저도요.

Which sentence implies 'even at home'? Multiple Choice

Select the correct form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 집에서도

Arrange the words to say 'I like cats too'. Sentence Reorder

Arrange: 고양이도 / 좋아해요 / 저는

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저는 고양이도 좋아해요

Identify the incorrect particle usage. Error Correction

Find the error: 친구가도 왔어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 친구가도 -> 친구도

Match the word with 'too/also' added. Match Pairs

Form the correct pairs:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched

I study Korean. I study Japanese ___. Fill in the Blank

저는 한국어를 공부해요. 일본어___ 공부해요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 도

Which is the correct negative sentence? Multiple Choice

Translate: I don't have money either.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 돈도 없어요.

Translate 'Even the teacher doesn't know.' Translation

Even the teacher doesn't know.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 선생님도 몰라요.

Reorder: here / is / hot / too Sentence Reorder

Arrange: 여기도 / 더워요 / 정말

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 여기도 정말 더워요

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

No, '도' replaces '은/는'.

No, it is always '도'.

It often means 'even'.

It is used in all registers.

No, it attaches to nouns.

Just say '저도요!'.

They mean the same but have different registers.

It helps connect ideas.

Scaffolded Practice

1

2

3

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Japanese high

None, they are functionally identical.

Spanish moderate

también