Result Connectors: So that & Until (~도록)
~도록 to link an action to its goal or to describe doing something to an extreme degree.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use ~도록 to express the purpose/result of an action or the limit of a duration.
- Use ~도록 to show purpose: 'I studied hard so that I could pass.'
- Use ~도록 to show degree: 'I ran until I was out of breath.'
- Attach directly to the verb stem: '먹다' becomes '먹도록'.
Overview
Welcome to an in-depth exploration of the Korean grammar pattern ~도록 (do-rok), an essential connective ending for intermediate learners (CEFR B1). This versatile grammatical particle serves two primary functions: to express the purpose or intended result of an action, translating roughly to "so that" or "in order to," and to indicate the degree, limit, or extent of an action, meaning "until" or "to the point that." Mastering ~도록 allows you to articulate complex relationships between actions and their outcomes or boundaries, moving beyond simpler conjunctions.
At its core, ~도록 connects two clauses, with the preceding clause (V-도록) defining the target or boundary for the action in the following clause. It signifies a deliberate act aimed at achieving a specific state, or an action sustained until a particular condition is met. While often compared with ~게 and ~기 위해서, ~도록 possesses distinct nuances regarding formality, emphasis, and the nature of the consequence, which we will thoroughly examine.
This pattern is integral for expressing intentionality and boundaries in Korean, frequently appearing in both formal and informal contexts. You will encounter it in everything from polite directives and instructional manuals to dramatic expressions of emotion and everyday conversational remarks. Understanding ~도록 enhances your ability to convey precise meanings, making your Korean sound more natural and sophisticated.
How This Grammar Works
~도록 functions as a bridge between a preceding verb phrase and a subsequent action or state, establishing a clear logical relationship. The clause ending in ~도록 always describes the goal, condition, or extent towards which the action in the main clause is directed. This means the action in the main clause is performed with the intention of achieving the state described by ~도록, or it continues until that state is reached.~도록 as operating on two distinct but related principles:- 1Purpose/Intended Result: In this usage,
~도록indicates that the action in the main clause is executed "so that" or "in order to" bring about the situation or state described in the~도록clause. The focus is on the intended outcome or the reason behind the main action. For example, when you say이해하도록 설명하다(i-hae-ha-do-rok seol-myeong-ha-da), you are explaining for the purpose of someone understanding, or so that understanding occurs. The result (understanding) is the objective.
- 1Degree/Extent/Limit: Here,
~도록specifies the "degree to which," "extent of," or "limit until" an action takes place. The action in the main clause continues or is performed up to a certain point, or reaches a particular intensity, as defined by the~도록clause. This often emphasizes the extremity or boundary of the action. For instance,배가 터지도록 먹다(bae-ga teo-ji-do-rok meok-da) means to eat to the point where one's stomach bursts, indicating an extreme degree of eating.
~도록 clause itself.~도록 clause describes a state or action that is either anticipated as a result or serves as a benchmark for the main action, without conveying its own tense or mood.Formation Pattern
~도록 is one of the more straightforward aspects of Korean grammar, as it attaches directly to the verb stem without significant changes for irregular verbs. This makes it highly predictable and easy to apply once you understand its function.
다 (da).
도록 directly to the verb stem.
~도록 does not typically trigger stem changes for ㅂ (b) or ㄷ (d) irregulars, nor does it interact with ㄹ (l) in a complex way; the ㄹ remains.
자다 (to sleep) | 자 | 자도록 | ja-do-rok | so that (one) sleeps |
읽다 (to read) | 읽 | 읽도록 | ik-do-rok | so that (one) reads |
ㄹ Irregular | 살다 (to live) | 살 | 살도록 | sal-do-rok | so that (one) lives |
ㅂ Irregular | 돕다 (to help) | 돕 | 돕도록 | dop-do-rok | so that (one) helps |
ㄷ Irregular | 듣다 (to listen) | 듣 | 듣도록 | deut-do-rok | so that (one) listens |
하다 Verbs | 공부하다 (to study) | 공부하 | 공부하도록 | gong-bu-ha-do-rok | so that (one) studies |
빨갛다 (to be red) | 빨개지 | 빨개지도록 | ppal-gae-ji-do-rok | until (it) becomes red |
~도록 attachment simplifies its application, allowing learners to focus more on its nuanced meanings rather than complex morphological changes. This makes ~도록 a relatively accessible connective ending once its semantic roles are understood.
When To Use It
~도록 offers a nuanced way to connect clauses, primarily conveying purpose/result or extent/limit. Its usage is diverse, appearing in various registers from formal instructions to casual, emphatic statements. Understanding these contexts is key to deploying ~도록 effectively.- 1Expressing Purpose or Intended Result ("so that," "in order to")
~도록 clause. It highlights the consequence or aim of an effort. This usage often implies a future orientation, where the action is executed now to secure a desired future state.- Example 1 (Formal):
모든 자료를 검토하도록 기한 내에 보고서를 제출하십시오.(mo-deun ja-ryo-reul geom-to-ha-do-rok gi-han nae-e bo-go-seo-reul je-chul-ha-sip-si-o.) - "Please submit the report by the deadline so that all materials can be reviewed."
- Here, submitting the report is done with the purpose of enabling the review of materials.
- Example 2 (Informal):
졸업할 수 있도록 열심히 공부했어요.(jo-reop-hal su it-do-rok yeol-sim-hi gong-bu-haet-eo-yo.) - "I studied hard so that I could graduate."
- Studying hard was the action taken to achieve the result of graduating.
- Example 3 (Instructional):
방문객이 쉽게 찾도록 표지판을 크게 만드세요.(bang-mun-gaek-i swip-ge chat-do-rok pyo-ji-pan-eul keu-ge man-deu-se-yo.) - "Please make the sign large so that visitors can easily find it."
- The sign is made large with the intention of making it easy for visitors to find.
- 1Expressing Degree, Extent, or Limit ("until," "to the point that")
~도록 describes the intensity, duration, or boundary of an action. The main action continues, is performed with a certain force, or reaches a particular limit as defined by the ~도록 clause. This usage often conveys a sense of thoroughness, extremity, or persistence.- Example 1 (Emphatic):
목이 쉬도록 노래를 불렀어요.(mog-i swi-do-rok no-rae-reul bul-leot-eo-yo.) - "I sang until my voice was hoarse (to the point my throat was hoarse)."
- The singing continued until the extreme state of having a hoarse voice was reached.
- Example 2 (Emotional):
밤새도록 울었어요.(bam-sae-do-rok ul-eot-eo-yo.) - "I cried all night long (until night passed)."
- The crying extended throughout the entire night, reaching the limit of sunrise.
- Example 3 (Idiomatic):
배가 터지도록 먹었다.(bae-ga teo-ji-do-rok meok-eot-da.) - "I ate until my stomach burst (ate excessively)."
- This hyperbolic expression illustrates eating to an extreme degree.
- 1Indirect Commands or Suggestions (~도록 하다)
V-도록 하다 (V-do-rok ha-da) is a polite and indirect way to give instructions, commands, or make suggestions. It means "to make sure that [something happens]" or "to see to it that [something is done]." This form is frequently used in formal settings, public announcements, or when a superior is giving instructions. The ending can be changed to suit the formality and politeness level (~도록 하세요/하십시오 for commands, ~도록 합시다 for suggestions).- Example 1 (Formal Command):
회의 시간에 늦지 않도록 하십시오.(hoe-ui si-gan-e neut-ji an-to-rok ha-sip-si-o.) - "Please make sure not to be late for the meeting."
- This is a polite but firm instruction to prevent lateness.
- Example 2 (Suggestion):
서로 돕도록 합시다.(seo-ro dop-do-rok hap-si-da.) - "Let's make sure to help each other."
- A suggestion for collective action, emphasizing the outcome of mutual help.
- Example 3 (Self-directive):
내일까지 끝내도록 할게요.(nae-il-kka-ji kkeun-nae-do-rok hal-ge-yo.) - "I'll make sure to finish it by tomorrow."
- A commitment to oneself or others to ensure completion.
- 1With Adjectives (Verbalized)
~도록 primarily attaches to verbs, it can be used with adjectives if they are first verbalized, usually by adding ~아/어지다 (a/eo-ji-da) to express a change of state. This transforms the adjective into a verb meaning "to become [adjective]." The ~도록 then expresses the degree or extent to which something becomes that adjective.- Example:
얼굴이 빨개지도록 술을 마셨다.(eol-gul-i ppal-gae-ji-do-rok sul-eul ma-syeot-da.) - "He drank alcohol until his face turned red."
- Here,
빨갛다(to be red) becomes빨개지다(to become red), and~도록indicates the extent of drinking.
~도록 directly with adjectives, and when it does occur, it's often in fixed, idiomatic expressions where the adjective describes a state reached as a limit.Common Mistakes
~도록 into their Korean. Recognizing these common pitfalls and understanding why they occur is crucial for accurate and natural usage.- 1Confusing with
~(으)러(Purpose for Movement)
~도록 where ~(으)러 (eu-reo) would be more appropriate. ~(으)러 specifically indicates the purpose of movement (i.e., "going/coming to do X"). ~도록, however, denotes the intended result or extent of any action, not just movement. Using ~도록 with verbs of movement to express the purpose of that movement is grammatically incorrect and creates an unnatural sound.- Incorrect:
도서관에 공부하도록 갔어요.(do-seo-gwan-e gong-bu-ha-do-rok gat-eo-yo.) - (Sounds like: "I went to the library so that studying would happen," implying the act of going itself caused the studying, which is awkward.)
- Correct:
도서관에 공부하러 갔어요.(do-seo-gwan-e gong-bu-ha-reo gat-eo-yo.) - ("I went to the library to study.")
- 1Confusing with
~아서/어서(Cause/Reason)
~도록 signifies an intended outcome or a limit, not a direct factual cause or reason like ~아서/어서 (a-seo/eo-seo). Using ~도록 to explain why something happened without implying intention or an extent can lead to nonsensical statements. The ~도록 clause describes a goal or condition for the main action, not merely a preceding event.- Incorrect:
피곤하도록 일찍 잤어요.(pi-gon-ha-do-rok il-jjik jat-eo-yo.) - (Sounds like: "I went to bed early so that I would be tired," which is illogical.)
- Correct (Cause):
피곤해서 일찍 잤어요.(pi-gon-hae-seo il-jjik jat-eo-yo.) - ("I went to bed early because I was tired.")
- Correct (Purpose/Result with
~도록): If the intention was to sleep until one was no longer tired, or to the extent of tiredness, the structure would be different:피로가 풀리도록 푹 잤어요.(pi-ro-ga pul-li-do-rok puk jat-eo-yo.) "I slept soundly so that my fatigue would go away."
- 1Incorrect Tense Application
~도록 never attaches to past tense forms (~았/었). The tense of the entire sentence is determined by the final verb in the main clause. Attempting to attach ~도록 to a past tense stem is a clear grammatical error. The ~도록 clause describes a state or action that is either the goal or the limit, irrespective of when it might actually occur relative to the main action.- Incorrect:
먹었도록 끝냈어요.(meok-eot-do-rok kkeun-naet-eo-yo.) - Correct:
먹도록 끝냈어요.(meok-do-rok kkeun-naet-eo-yo.) - ("I finished eating/made sure to eat and finish.")
- Correct (Expressing Past Action with Result):
배부르도록 먹었다.(bae-bu-reu-do-rok meok-eot-da.) - ("I ate until I was full.") The past tense is on the final verb
먹었다.
- 1Over-reliance where
~게is more Natural
~도록 and ~게 (ge) are often interchangeable in the "so that" meaning, ~도록 typically carries a slightly more formal, literary, or emphatic tone, especially when indicating an extreme degree. In everyday, casual conversation, ~게 is often preferred for simpler "so that" constructions, particularly when the result is a less dramatic or less intentional outcome. Overusing ~도록 in very casual contexts can make your speech sound stiff or overly dramatic.- Slightly more natural/casual:
재미있게 놀아요.(jae-mi-it-ge nol-a-yo.) ("Let's play funnily/in a fun way.") - More emphatic/formal:
재미있도록 놀아요.(jae-mi-it-do-rok nol-a-yo.) (Could imply: "Let's play so that it becomes fun" or "Let's play to the extent that it's fun.") The nuance is subtle but present. For simple adjectival modification,~게is the default.
Real Conversations
Observing ~도록 in authentic Korean conversations reveals its flexibility and nuances across different registers. It's not just a textbook item but a living part of everyday communication, from setting expectations to expressing deep emotions.
Example 1 (Workplace / Formal Directive - ~도록 하세요)
A
김대리님, 회의록 정리 다 되셨습니까? (Kim Dae-ri-nim, hoe-ui-rok jeong-ri da doe-syeot-seup-ni-kka?)- "Assistant Manager Kim, is the meeting minutes summary all done?"
B
네, 거의 다 됐습니다. 오늘 퇴근 전까지 완료하도록 하겠습니다. (Ne, geo-ui da dwaet-seup-ni-da. o-neul toe-geun jeon-kka-ji wan-ryo-ha-do-rok ha-get-seup-ni-da.)- "Yes, it's almost done. I will make sure to complete it before leaving work today."
- Here, 완료하도록 하겠습니다 (wan-ryo-ha-do-rok ha-get-seup-ni-da) is a formal commitment, indicating an intention to ensure completion.
Example 2 (Casual Suggestion / Purpose - ~도록 하자)
A
요즘 너무 스트레스 받는데, 주말에 뭐 할까? (yo-jeum neo-mu seu-teu-re-seu bat-neun-de, ju-mal-e mwo hal-kka?)- "I've been so stressed lately, what should we do this weekend?"
B
오랜만에 실컷 웃도록 코미디 영화나 보러 가자. (o-raen-man-e sil-keot ut-do-rok ko-mi-di yeong-hwa-na bo-reo ga-ja.)- "Let's go watch a comedy movie, so that we can laugh to our hearts' content for the first time in a while."
- 웃도록 (ut-do-rok) expresses the purpose of watching the movie: to laugh a lot, to the extent of satisfaction.
Example 3 (Expressing Degree / Limit in Narrative)
어제는 밤늦도록 친구와 이야기했어요. 시간이 가는 줄도 몰랐죠. (eo-je-neun bam-neuj-do-rok chin-gu-wa i-ya-gi-haet-eo-yo. si-gan-i ga-neun jul-do mol-lat-jyo.)
- "Yesterday, I talked with my friend until late at night. I didn't even realize time was passing."
- 밤늦도록 (bam-neuj-do-rok) indicates the conversation extended to the limit of late night, emphasizing its duration.
Example 4 (Emphatic Statement / Idiom)
그는 죽도록 일만 하다가 쓰러졌다. (geu-neun juk-do-rok il-man ha-da-ga sseu-reo-jyeot-da.)
- "He worked to the point of death (worked himself to death) and collapsed."
- 죽도록 (juk-do-rok) is a common idiom expressing an extreme degree of effort, often with a literal or metaphorical sense of exhaustion to the brink of death.
These examples demonstrate that ~도록 is dynamically used to convey everything from formal instructions and personal commitments to emotional intensity and the duration of events, making it a powerful tool for intermediate Korean speakers.
Quick FAQ
~도록, addressing common points of confusion for learners.~도록 be used with past tense?~도록 does not attach to past tense forms (~았/었). The tense of the entire sentence is always determined by the final verb in the main clause. The clause preceding ~도록 describes a state or action that serves as a goal or limit, not an event that has already been completed in relation to the main verb's tense.- Incorrect:
갔도록 공부했어요.(gat-do-rok gong-bu-haet-eo-yo.) - Correct:
졸업하도록 공부했어요.(jo-reop-ha-do-rok gong-bu-haet-eo-yo.) ("I studied so that I would graduate.") The past tense is on공부했어요.
죽도록 a common expression?죽도록 (juk-do-rok), meaning "to the point of death" or "to death," is a very common and vivid idiomatic expression. It is used to convey an extreme degree of emotion or action.죽도록 사랑해.(juk-do-rok sa-rang-hae.) ("I love you to death.")죽도록 힘들었다.(juk-do-rok him-deul-eot-da.) ("It was exhaustingly difficult / difficult to the point of death.")
~도록 be used with adjectives?~도록 prefers to attach to verbs. If you want to use it with an adjective, the adjective typically needs to be verbalized by adding ~아/어지다 (a/eo-ji-da) to express a change of state, meaning "to become [adjective]." Then, ~도록 attaches to this verbalized form.빨개지도록 얼굴이 달아올랐다.(ppal-gae-ji-do-rok eol-gul-i dal-a-ol-lat-da.) ("Her face flushed until it turned red.")
~도록 might appear directly with an adjective or an adverb derived from an adjective, but these are exceptions rather than a general rule.~도록 and ~게?~도록 and ~게 can mean "so that" or "in order to," leading to significant overlap. However, key distinctions exist:- Formality/Emphasis:
~도록is generally perceived as more formal, literary, or emphatic. It often carries a stronger sense of purpose or an extreme degree.~게is lighter, more casual, and more commonly used in everyday speech, particularly when modifying a verb with an adverbial sense (e.g.,예쁘게,재미있게). - Adjectival Usage:
~게readily attaches to adjectives to form adverbs (e.g.,쉽게– easily,크게– largely), making it the primary choice for such constructions.~도록with adjectives typically requires verbalization with~아/어지다. - Degree: When expressing an extreme degree or limit,
~도록often feels more natural and potent (e.g.,목이 쉬도록– until one's voice is hoarse).~게can express degree but typically without the same intensity.
~도록 compare to ~기 위해(서)?~기 위해(서)(gi wi-hae-seo): Emphasizes the effort, sacrifice, or means taken for the sake of a goal. It implies a strong sense of purpose and commitment. The focus is on the action being performed to achieve the goal.성공하기 위해서 열심히 노력했다.(seong-gong-ha-gi wi-hae-seo yeol-sim-hi no-ryeok-haet-da.) ("I worked hard for the sake of success.")
~도록: Emphasizes the intended result or outcome of an action. The focus is on the state or situation that one aims to bring about. It can feel less about the effort and more about the resultant condition.성공하도록 노력했다.(seong-gong-ha-do-rok no-ryeok-haet-da.) ("I worked hard so that I would succeed.")
~기 위해(서) often implies a more significant or arduous undertaking for a goal, whereas ~도록 more broadly connects an action to its desired consequence or limit.Formation Table
| Verb Type | Stem | Ending | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Action Verb
|
가다
|
도록
|
가도록
|
|
Action Verb
|
먹다
|
도록
|
먹도록
|
|
Action Verb
|
하다
|
도록
|
하도록
|
|
Negative
|
안 가다
|
도록
|
안 가도록
|
|
Negative
|
못 먹다
|
도록
|
못 먹도록
|
|
Passive
|
들리다
|
도록
|
들리도록
|
Meanings
This connective ending links a preceding action to a subsequent result, purpose, or temporal limit.
Purpose/Intention
Doing something with the goal of achieving a specific result.
“모두가 잘 들리도록 크게 말하세요.”
“잊지 않도록 메모를 남겼어요.”
Degree/Extent
Doing something until a certain state or degree is reached.
“배가 아프도록 웃었어요.”
“목이 쉬도록 노래를 불렀어요.”
Temporal Limit
Continuing an action until a specific point in time.
“내일 아침까지 오도록 하세요.”
“해가 지도록 기다렸습니다.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Stem + 도록
|
공부하도록
|
|
Negative
|
Stem + 지 않도록
|
늦지 않도록
|
|
Suggestion
|
Stem + 도록 하세요
|
열심히 하도록 하세요
|
|
Past
|
Stem + 도록 했다
|
기다리도록 했다
|
|
Future
|
Stem + 도록 하겠다
|
준비하도록 하겠다
|
|
Passive
|
Stem + 도록 되다
|
이해되도록 되었다
|
Formality Spectrum
완성하도록 하십시오. (Work instruction)
완성하도록 하세요. (Work instruction)
완성하도록 해. (Work instruction)
완성해 둬. (Work instruction)
The Three Faces of ~도록
Purpose
- 목적 Goal
Degree
- 정도 Extent
Limit
- 시간 Time
Examples by Level
한국어를 배우도록 해요.
Let's try to learn Korean.
일찍 오도록 하세요.
Please try to come early.
잘 자도록 하세요.
Please try to sleep well.
공부하도록 해요.
Let's study.
잊지 않도록 메모했어요.
I wrote a note so I wouldn't forget.
배가 아프도록 웃었어요.
I laughed until my stomach hurt.
지각하지 않도록 일찍 일어났어요.
I woke up early so as not to be late.
목이 쉬도록 노래했어요.
I sang until my throat was hoarse.
모두가 잘 들리도록 크게 말해주세요.
Please speak loudly so that everyone can hear well.
시험에 합격하도록 최선을 다할 거예요.
I will do my best so that I pass the exam.
해가 지도록 밖에서 놀았어요.
We played outside until the sun set.
다치지 않도록 조심하세요.
Be careful so that you don't get hurt.
회의가 원활하게 진행되도록 준비를 마쳤습니다.
I have finished preparations so that the meeting proceeds smoothly.
고객이 만족하도록 최상의 서비스를 제공합니다.
We provide the best service so that customers are satisfied.
문제가 재발하지 않도록 조치를 취했습니다.
We took measures so that the problem does not recur.
모두가 이해하도록 쉽게 설명했습니다.
I explained it easily so that everyone understands.
그는 자신의 야망이 실현되도록 모든 것을 바쳤다.
He dedicated everything so that his ambition would be realized.
역사가 기억하도록 기록을 남겨야 한다.
We must leave records so that history remembers.
법이 공정하게 집행되도록 감시가 필요하다.
Oversight is needed so that the law is enforced fairly.
진실이 밝혀지도록 끝까지 싸울 것이다.
I will fight to the end so that the truth is revealed.
관습이 세대를 넘어 계승되도록 노력하고 있다.
We are striving so that the custom is inherited across generations.
모순이 해결되도록 근본적인 변화가 요구된다.
Fundamental change is required so that the contradictions are resolved.
예술이 삶에 녹아들도록 창작 활동을 지속한다.
I continue creative activities so that art melts into life.
미래 세대가 누리도록 환경을 보호해야 한다.
We must protect the environment so that future generations can enjoy it.
Easily Confused
Both can mean 'so that'.
Both express purpose.
Both involve time limits.
Common Mistakes
공부하도록 위해
공부하기 위해
학교에 도록
학교에 가도록
먹도록 해요
먹도록 하세요
가도록 가요
가도록 해요
아프게 웃었어요
아프도록 웃었어요
내일 도록
내일까지 오도록
안 하도록 해요
하지 않도록 해요
이해하도록 설명했어요
이해되도록 설명했어요
공부하도록 공부했어요
합격하도록 공부했어요
지치도록 달렸습니다
지치도록 달렸습니다
역사가 기억하도록
역사가 기억하도록
되도록이면
되도록이면
하도록 하다
하도록 하다
Sentence Patterns
___하도록 하세요.
___하도록 열심히 했습니다.
___하도록 달렸어요.
___하지 않도록 조심하세요.
Real World Usage
늦지 않게 와!
회사의 발전에 기여하도록 하겠습니다.
맛있게 드시도록 준비했습니다.
배 터지도록 먹음!
길을 잃지 않도록 도와주세요.
결과가 도출되도록 실험했다.
Focus on the goal
Don't over-conjugate
Use with '하다'
Politeness matters
Smart Tips
Use ~도록 하세요 to sound professional.
Use ~도록 to show how extreme your action was.
Use ~도록 to connect your action to the result.
Use ~지 않도록 for negative goals.
Pronunciation
Liaison
The 'ㄱ' in 도록 is pronounced clearly.
Rising
가도록? ↑
Questioning if someone should go.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'Do-Rock' (도록). You work hard 'do' until you hit a 'rock' (limit) of success.
Visual Association
Imagine a runner running until they hit a finish line tape. The tape is the '도록' point.
Rhyme
To reach the goal, use ~도록, it's the best way to open the door.
Story
Min-su wanted to win. He practiced until his feet hurt (아프도록). He did it so that he would win (이기도록). He worked until the sun set (지도록).
Word Web
Challenge
Write 3 sentences about your day using ~도록 to describe a goal or an extreme state.
Cultural Notes
Using ~도록 하세요 is a standard way to give polite but firm instructions.
Teachers use this to set expectations for students.
Parents use it to guide children's behavior.
Derived from the verb '도달하다' (to reach).
Conversation Starters
시험에 합격하기 위해 무엇을 하나요?
어제 너무 많이 먹었나요?
내일 무엇을 준비할 건가요?
어떤 목표를 가지고 있나요?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
시험에 합격___ 공부해요.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
배가 아프게 웃었어요.
공부해서 합격해요 ->
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
늦지 않___ 일찍 오세요.
해가 ___ 기다렸어요.
목이 / 노래했어요 / 쉬도록
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercises시험에 합격___ 공부해요.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
배가 아프게 웃었어요.
공부해서 합격해요 ->
Match the usage.
늦지 않___ 일찍 오세요.
해가 ___ 기다렸어요.
목이 / 노래했어요 / 쉬도록
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises사람들이 ___ 비켜 주세요.
___ 사랑해.
Which one means 'Please make sure to check'?
학생들이 이해했도록 설명했어요.
목이 아프도록
Match the items:
Choose the best context.
잊어버리지 ___ 메모하세요.
Select the correct version.
Choose the best translation.
Score: /10
FAQ (8)
Yes, it attaches to all action verbs.
It is neutral but often used in formal instructions.
It emphasizes the result more.
Yes, the main verb can be past tense.
Yes, very frequently.
Mixing it with ~기 위해.
Yes, ~지 않도록.
Write sentences about your goals.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
para que
Spanish requires mood changes; Korean does not.
afin que
French is more formal.
damit
German word order changes.
ように
Japanese is slightly more flexible with nouns.
لكي
Arabic is a prefix.
以便
Chinese does not conjugate.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Continue With
Korean Result Grammar: So That & Until (-도록)
Overview This guide introduces the Korean connective ending `도록` (pronounced `dorok`), a versatile grammatical tool cr...
Projecting Results & Limits (-도록)
Overview Korean grammar employs various connective endings to articulate complex relationships between clauses. Among th...
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