Telling Time in Portuguese: Is it É or São?
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'É' for one o'clock and 'São' for all other hours because Portuguese treats time as a plural concept.
- Use 'É' only for 1:00 (É uma hora).
- Use 'São' for all other hours (São duas horas, São dez horas).
- Always use the feminine article 'a' or 'as' before the hour.
Overview
Expressing the current time accurately in Portuguese requires a fundamental understanding of how the verb ser (to be) interacts with numerical agreement. Unlike English, which consistently uses a singular phrase like "It is" regardless of the hour, Portuguese employs both the singular form é and the plural form são for "It is" when stating the time. This distinction is crucial for both comprehension and fluency, even at the A1 beginner level.
The grammatical choice between é and são is directly linked to the number of hours being stated. If the time refers to a singular concept – specifically one o'clock, midday, or midnight – the singular é is obligatory. For any other hour, which inherently represents a plural quantity (two hours, three hours, and so on), the plural são is used.
Mastering this core principle of agreement is essential for correctly communicating temporal information in Portuguese.
Conjugation Table
| Subject Pronoun | Verb ser (Present Tense) |
Translation (Contextual) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| :---------------- | :--------------------------- | :------------------------- | ||
| Ele/Ela/Você/Isso | É | It is (singular) | ||
| Eles/Elas/Vocês | São | They are (plural) |
How This Grammar Works
ser is consistently employed. This contrasts with estar, the other verb for "to be," which typically denotes temporary states or locations. The central principle governing the choice between é and são is number agreement with the noun hora (hour), which is always feminine.uma hora (one o'clock), you are referring to a singular hour. Consequently, the verb ser must also be in its singular form, resulting in É uma hora. The numeral uma itself is the feminine form of "one," agreeing in gender and number with hora.duas horas (two o'clock), you are referring to a plural quantity of hours. This necessitates the plural form of ser, leading to São duas horas. Here, duas is the feminine plural of "two," agreeing with horas.Meio-dia(midday/noon) is always considered a singular, masculine concept. Thus, you sayÉ meio-dia. You would not use an article beforemeio-diain this construction.É meio-dia e meia(It's half past noon) also maintains the singularébecausemeio-diais the core singular concept.Meia-noite(midnight) is similarly treated as a singular, feminine concept. This leads toÉ meia-noite. Again, no article typically precedesmeia-noite. For instance,É meia-noite e vinte(It's twelve twenty AM) usesébecausemeia-noiteis singular.
e (and). So, to say 1:15, you state É uma e quinze. For 3:30, you would say São três e meia (literally "three and a half [hour]").e functions as a simple connector, indicating the addition of minutes to the hour, reinforcing the idea of building the time incrementally: hour and minutes. This applies whether the hour is singular or plural; the e simply bridges the hour and minute components.Formation Pattern
ser:
É when the hour is singular: uma hora (one o'clock), meio-dia (noon), and meia-noite (midnight). Example: É uma hora da tarde. (It's one PM.)
São for all other hours, from two o'clock onwards, as these are plural. Example: São três horas da manhã. (It's three AM.)
a for uma hora because hora is a singular feminine noun. Example: É a uma hora. (Commonly, the article a is omitted for uma hora in informal speech, becoming É uma hora.)
as for plural hours (from duas horas onwards) because horas is a plural feminine noun. Example: São as cinco horas. (The article as is frequently omitted in speech, becoming São cinco horas.)
meio-dia or meia-noite when telling the current time. You say É meio-dia and É meia-noite.
hora (implicitly or explicitly). For instance, use uma (not um), duas (not dois), três, quatro, etc. Examples: É uma hora. São duas horas.
e (and):
e followed by the number of minutes. Example: São dez e vinte. (It's 10:20.)
e meia (literally "and half," referring to meia hora). Example: São três e meia. (It's 3:30.)
e quinze or, less commonly, e um quarto (more in European Portuguese). Example: É uma e quinze. (It's 1:15.)
São três menos quinze (It's three minus fifteen), especially in European Portuguese, or simply São duas e quarenta e cinco (It's two forty-five) in Brazilian Portuguese.
da manhã (in the morning) – typically from midnight to noon. Example: É uma hora da manhã. (It's 1 AM.)
da tarde (in the afternoon) – typically from noon to around 6 or 7 PM. Example: São cinco horas da tarde. (It's 5 PM.)
da noite (in the evening/at night) – typically from 6 or 7 PM to midnight. Example: São oito horas da noite. (It's 8 PM.)
É uma (hora). | It's one o'clock. |
É meio-dia. | It's noon. |
É meia-noite. | It's midnight. |
São duas (horas). | It's two o'clock. |
São três e quinze. | It's 3:15. |
São quatro e meia. | It's 4:30. |
São sete e quarenta e cinco. | It's 7:45. |
São oito horas da noite. | It's 8 PM. |
When To Use It
- Answering
Que horas são?(What time is it?): This is the most direct application. When someone asks for the current time, your response will invariably employÉorSãofollowed by the hour and minutes. For instance, if it's 10:00 AM, you would reply,São dez horas da manhã.If it's 1:00 PM, you'd say,É uma hora da tarde. - Scheduling and Appointments: When discussing meeting times, event schedules, or deadlines, you might integrate this structure into your sentences. For example,
A reunião é às três da tarde, mas agora são duas e quinze.(The meeting is at three in the afternoon, but now it's 2:15.) - Making Plans Informally: In casual communication, such as text messages or chats with friends, you will frequently use this pattern. For example:
Chego aí em 10 minutos. São sete e meia aqui.(I'll be there in 10 minutes. It's 7:30 here.) - Providing Information: In both formal and informal settings, this construction conveys a specific time. A train station announcement might inform passengers:
A partida do comboio é às onze e meia.(The train's departure is at 11:30.) Or a store clerk might state:A loja fecha quando são nove da noite.(The store closes when it's nine PM.) - In Narratives or Descriptions: When recounting daily routines, past events, or describing sequences of actions, you use
É/Sãoto punctuate time.Acordo quando é sete horas da manhã.(I wake up when it's seven in the morning.)Ele liga sempre que são cinco da tarde.(He always calls when it's five in the afternoon.)
When Not To Use It
É/São construction is not universally applicable for all temporal expressions. Its use is specifically for the direct statement of "It is [time]." You should avoid using É/São in the following contexts:- When asking or stating at what time an event occurs: For this, you use
A que horas...?(At what time...?). The response will typically involveàs(feminine plural for "at the") orà(feminine singular for "at the"), followed by the hour. For example,A que horas é a reunião?(At what time is the meeting?) Answer:É às dez da manhã.(It's at ten AM.) OrO almoço é à uma.(Lunch is at one.) You would not sayÉ São dez da manhãorÉ É umain this context. - When referring to the duration of an event: For durations, you use different structures, often involving
por(for) or specifying a time span. For example,A aula dura uma hora.(The class lasts one hour.) rather thanÉ uma hora. - When expressing since a certain time: You would use
desde que horas...?(since what time...?) ordesde as/a...For instance,Estou aqui desde as duas da tarde.(I've been here since two PM.) - When counting hours, not telling the time: If you are simply counting "hours," you use the cardinal numbers directly. Example:
Eu trabalhei oito horas hoje.(I worked eight hours today.) Here,horasis simply a count, not the time on a clock.
Common Mistakes
- Using
estarinstead ofser: A very common mistake is sayingEstá uma horaorEstão duas horas. Remember,seris used for permanent states and identity, and Portuguese considers the time of day a permanent characteristic of that moment.Estarrefers to temporary states or locations. Always useser(é/são) for telling the current time. - Incorrect number agreement: Saying
São uma horaorÉ duas horasare common errors. The verb must agree with the hour:É uma hora(singularuma) andSão duas horas(pluralduas). This is the core rule to internalize. - Confusing
meio-diaandmeia-noite: While both are singular concepts, they have different genders and meanings.Meio-diais masculine (noon), andmeia-noiteis feminine (midnight). Ensure you use the correct term:É meio-diaandÉ meia-noite. - Forgetting or misusing definite articles: While often omitted in casual speech, correctly understanding the role of
a/ascan prevent confusion. Rememberaforuma horaandasforduas horasand beyond. The absence of an article withmeio-diaandmeia-noitecan also be a point of confusion for learners. - Using masculine numerals for hours: The word
horais feminine. Therefore, when counting hours, you must use the feminine forms of the numbersumanddois. It's alwaysuma horaandduas horas, neverum horaordois horas. - Literal translation of "quarter to": While some regions (especially European Portuguese) might use
menos(e.g.,São três menos quinzefor 2:45), a direct translation of "quarter to" is not universally understood. It is safer for A1 learners to state the hour and minutes:São duas e quarenta e cinco.
Memory Trick
To consistently remember when to use é versus são for telling time, focus on the number one. The number one is special, unique, and singular. All other numbers are plural, even if it's just two.
- Think: "One is singular, all others are plural."
- If it's uma (one), use É (singular verb).
- É uma hora. (It's one o'clock.)
- É meio-dia. (It's noon.)
- É meia-noite. (It's midnight.)
- If it's duas (two) or any number greater, use São (plural verb).
- São duas horas. (It's two o'clock.)
- São dez e quinze. (It's 10:15.)
This simple rule, focusing on whether the hour count is "one" or "more than one," is an effective mental shortcut to apply the correct verb form quickly.
Real Conversations
Understanding how native speakers actually communicate time beyond textbook examples provides valuable insight into fluency. Here's how É and São appear in modern, everyday Portuguese across different contexts:
Casual Text/Chat (Brazilian Portuguese):
- Tá chegando? São 8:30 já! (Are you arriving? It's 8:30 already!)
- Notice the informal abbreviation Tá for Está.
- Te ligo quando for meio-dia, ok? (I'll call you when it's noon, ok?)
- Here, for is the future subjunctive, used for future actions dependent on a time. The underlying meio-dia still triggers a singular concept.
- A aula começa às 9. Mas são 9:05 e nada. (Class starts at 9. But it's 9:05 and nothing.)
Everyday Dialogue (European Portuguese):
- Desculpa o atraso, são três e um quarto! (Sorry for being late, it's a quarter past three!)
- Um quarto is more common here for "quarter past" than quinze.
- Já é meia-noite? Tenho de ir. (Is it midnight already? I have to go.)
- O comboio parte às seis, e são cinco e meia. (The train leaves at six, and it's five-thirty.)
Work Email/Slightly Formal:
- Informamos que a reunião será às 14h. Atualmente, são 10:00, dando tempo para preparação. (We inform that the meeting will be at 2 PM. Currently, it's 10:00 AM, allowing time for preparation.)
- Note the use of 14h for 24-hour format, common in formal contexts. Even so, the são refers to the plural hours implicitly.
- O prazo final para entrega é quando for 17h. (The final deadline for submission is when it's 5 PM.)
Native speakers often omit the word horas and even the articles a/as in casual speech, especially when the context is clear. For instance, São dez e quinze is perfectly natural instead of São dez horas e quinze minutos.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
To truly grasp É/São for telling time, it helps to distinguish it from other temporal expressions that might seem similar but serve different purposes.
É/São (It is [time]) vs. A que horas...? (At what time...?):É/São answers Que horas são? and describes the current time. São três da tarde. (It's three PM.)A que horas...? asks about the time an event occurs. The response typically uses às (at the plural hours) or à (at the singular hour). A que horas começa o filme? (At what time does the movie start?) Começa às nove da noite. (It starts at nine PM.) Note the use of às as a contraction of a (at) + as (the).Ser (telling time) vs. Estar (temporary state/location):Ser is for permanent, identity-defining qualities. Estar is for temporary states, locations, or conditions. Time, in Portuguese, is an identity. You are saying "This moment is three o'clock." You would never use estar for the clock time. You might use estar to describe being on time (Estou na hora) or late (Estou atrasado/a), but not for what the clock says.Faltam duas horas para o show. (There are two hours left until the show.) O voo dura dez horas. (The flight lasts ten hours.) Here, duas and dez are just counts. When telling time, É/São refers to the specific point on the clock.Progressive Practice
Mastering É/São for telling time requires consistent, varied practice. Approach it systematically to build confidence.
- Daily Time Checks: Make it a habit to verbally state the time in Portuguese throughout your day. Every time you check a clock or glance at your phone, say É uma e quarenta e cinco or São dez e dez to yourself.
- Question and Answer Drills: Practice answering Que horas são? with various times. Have a study partner or use a flashcard app to quiz yourself.
- Listening Comprehension: Pay close attention to how time is expressed in Portuguese media (podcasts, news, TV shows). Note whether horas and articles are included or omitted. This will help you discern natural speech patterns.
- Sentence Building: Create short sentences incorporating time. For example, "I have lunch at 1 PM" (Almoço à uma da tarde.). "The meeting starts when it's 9:45 AM" (A reunião começa quando são nove e quarenta e cinco da manhã.).
- Dictation: Listen to Portuguese sentences telling time and write them down, focusing on É or São and correct numeral forms.
Quick FAQ
- Why
serand notestar? - Portuguese considers the time of day a permanent characteristic or identity of that moment, hence the use of
ser(to be – permanent) rather thanestar(to be – temporary).
- Do I always say
horasafter the number? - No. While grammatically correct to include
horas(e.g.,São duas horas), it is very common, especially in informal speech, to omit it (e.g.,São duas). You must includeumaorduas(etc.), buthorasis often optional if context is clear.
- Is
e quinzeore um quartobetter for quarter past? E quinzeis widely understood and common in both Brazilian and European Portuguese.E um quartois also correct, particularly common in European Portuguese, but slightly less frequent in Brazil.
- How do I say "quarter to"?
- The most common and clear way is to state the hour and minutes:
São três e quarenta e cinco(for 3:45). In European Portuguese,São quatro menos quinze(four minus fifteen) is also used.
- What about 24-hour time?
- The 24-hour clock (e.g.,
14hfor 2 PM) is common in formal contexts (schedules, official announcements) in both Portuguese variants. When speaking, you typically convert to 12-hour and addda tarde/da noiteas needed. So,São quatorze horaswould more naturally be spoken asSão duas horas da tarde.
Verb Ser for Time
| Time | Verb | Number | Noun |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1:00
|
É
|
uma
|
hora
|
|
2:00
|
São
|
duas
|
horas
|
|
3:00
|
São
|
três
|
horas
|
|
4:00
|
São
|
quatro
|
horas
|
|
5:00
|
São
|
cinco
|
horas
|
|
6:00
|
São
|
seis
|
horas
|
|
7:00
|
São
|
sete
|
horas
|
|
8:00
|
São
|
oito
|
horas
|
|
9:00
|
São
|
nove
|
horas
|
|
10:00
|
São
|
dez
|
horas
|
Meanings
The verb 'ser' is used to state the current time, requiring agreement with the number of hours.
Clock time
Stating the current hour.
“É uma hora.”
“São cinco horas.”
Time of day
Specifying the period of the day.
“São duas da manhã.”
“É uma da tarde.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
É/São + [num] + horas
|
São três horas.
|
|
Negative
|
Não é/são + [num] + horas
|
Não são três horas.
|
|
Question
|
Que horas são?
|
Que horas são?
|
|
Short Answer
|
É uma / São duas
|
São duas.
|
|
Time of Day
|
São + [num] + da [period]
|
São duas da tarde.
|
|
Approximation
|
São quase + [num]
|
São quase dez.
|
Formality Spectrum
Poderia me informar as horas? (Asking for time)
Que horas são? (Asking for time)
Que horas são? (Asking for time)
Qual a boa? (Asking for time)
Time Decision Tree
Is it 1:00?
Examples by Level
É uma hora.
It is one o'clock.
São duas horas.
It is two o'clock.
São cinco horas.
It is five o'clock.
São dez horas.
It is ten o'clock.
Que horas são?
What time is it?
É uma da tarde.
It is one in the afternoon.
São oito da noite.
It is eight at night.
São quatro da manhã.
It is four in the morning.
Não são três horas ainda.
It is not three o'clock yet.
Será que são seis horas?
Is it six o'clock?
São quase sete horas.
It is almost seven o'clock.
São exatamente onze horas.
It is exactly eleven o'clock.
Disseram que são dez horas.
They said it is ten o'clock.
Embora sejam duas horas, estou cansado.
Although it is two o'clock, I am tired.
São horas de ir embora.
It is time to leave.
São horas de almoço.
It is lunch time.
São horas que não passam.
The hours are not passing.
São horas de reflexão.
It is time for reflection.
São horas de o fazer.
It is time to do it.
São horas de partir.
It is time to depart.
São horas de se tomar uma decisão.
It is time to make a decision.
São horas de se agir.
It is time to act.
São horas de se pensar no futuro.
It is time to think about the future.
São horas de se mudar.
It is time to change.
Easily Confused
Learners use 'estar' for time.
Learners use masculine 'um' for time.
Learners use 'é' for all numbers.
Common Mistakes
É duas horas
São duas horas
São uma hora
É uma hora
É dois horas
São duas horas
São um hora
É uma hora
Que hora é?
Que horas são?
São 14 horas
São duas da tarde
É 13:00
É uma da tarde
Estão três horas
São três horas
São três da dia
São três da tarde
São três da noite
São três da manhã
São horas de comer
São horas de almoçar
É horas de ir
São horas de ir
São as três
São três
Sentence Patterns
São ___ horas.
É ___ da tarde.
São quase ___ horas.
São horas de ___.
Real World Usage
São 20h, vamos live!
São 5? Ok.
São nove horas, podemos começar.
São dez da manhã.
São horas de pedir pizza.
O trem é às seis.
Use the clock
Don't use 'estar'
Use 'da manhã/tarde/noite'
Be precise
Smart Tips
Check if it is 1.
Always use plural.
Add 'da manhã/tarde/noite'.
Use words, not digits.
Pronunciation
É vs São
É sounds like 'eh', São sounds like 'sown'.
Question
Que horas são? ↑
Rising intonation for questions.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
One is lonely, so it uses 'É'. Two or more are a crowd, so they use 'São'.
Visual Association
Imagine a single clock hand (1) pointing to a singular 'É'. Imagine a clock with many hands (2-12) pointing to a plural 'São'.
Rhyme
Para uma hora, usamos o É, para as outras, o São é o que se vê.
Story
Maria looked at her watch. It was 1:00, so she said 'É uma hora'. Then she waited. When it became 2:00, she said 'São duas horas'. She realized the clock grew, so the verb had to grow too.
Word Web
Challenge
Look at your watch every hour today and say the time out loud in Portuguese.
Cultural Notes
Brazilians often drop the 'horas' in casual speech, saying 'São duas'.
European Portuguese speakers are very precise with time.
Time is often expressed with reference to the sun.
Derived from Latin 'esse' (to be).
Conversation Starters
Que horas são?
A que horas é a aula?
São horas de almoçar?
Você acha que são horas de mudar?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
___ uma hora.
___ duas horas.
Find and fix the mistake:
É duas horas.
horas / são / três
___ cinco horas.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
A: Que horas são? B: ___.
We use 'estar' for time.
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercises___ uma hora.
___ duas horas.
Find and fix the mistake:
É duas horas.
horas / são / três
___ cinco horas.
1:00 vs 4:00
A: Que horas são? B: ___.
We use 'estar' for time.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesSão três e ___.
Choose the best option:
São uma e quinze.
It is midnight.
vinte / e / cinco / São
Match the pairs:
Vemo-nos ___ duas horas.
Identify 12:30 PM:
São quatro da tarde.
It is 10:00 AM.
Score: /10
FAQ (8)
Because 'uma' is singular and 'duas' is plural.
Yes, but it is less common in casual speech.
Yes, it is always feminine.
You say 'É uma e meia'.
It is a fixed idiomatic expression.
It is preferred for clarity.
The grammar is the same, but pronunciation varies.
No, that is grammatically incorrect.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Son las...
Very similar structure.
Il est...
French is always singular.
Es ist...
German is always singular.
...ji desu
No verb conjugation for time.
Al-sa'atu...
Different numerical system.
...dian
No verb conjugation.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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