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A1 determiner #9 most common 8 min read

teu

Top 9

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips teu in 30 Seconds

Explanation teu in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners are introduced to 'teu' as a basic way to express possession when speaking to a friend or peer. The focus is on the masculine singular form and its translation as 'your'. Students learn that 'teu' must be followed by a masculine singular noun like 'pai' (father), 'nome' (name), or 'livro' (book). The primary goal is to distinguish 'teu' from 'meu' (my). At this stage, the nuances of regional Brazilian vs. European usage are less important than simply being able to say 'your book' (o teu livro) correctly. Learners also practice the basic sentence structure where the possessive comes before the noun. Exercises often involve simple identification and filling in the blank in basic introductory sentences. The concept of gender agreement is introduced here, emphasizing that 'teu' does not change based on the speaker's gender, but on the object's gender.

In A2, the complexity increases as learners must master the full paradigm of 'tu' possessives: teu, tua, teus, tuas. The focus shifts to consistent agreement across gender and number. Students learn to use 'teu' in more varied contexts, such as describing daily routines or family members. A significant part of A2 is learning the 'uniformidade de tratamento'—the rule that 'teu' must be used with the pronoun 'tu' and the corresponding verb forms. Learners also begin to notice the use of the definite article 'o' before 'teu' in European Portuguese. They start to form more complex questions like 'Onde está o teu irmão?' and understand that 'teu' can also appear at the end of a sentence as a pronoun: 'Este livro é teu?'. The distinction between 'teu' and 'seu' (for você) is introduced more formally to avoid confusion in different social settings.

At the B1 level, learners explore the sociolinguistic implications of 'teu'. They study how 'teu' is used in informal letters, emails, and text messages. The focus is on 'register'—knowing when it is appropriate to use the informal 'teu' versus the formal 'seu'. B1 students also encounter 'teu' in common idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms. They learn that in Brazil, 'teu' might be used even with 'você' in casual speech, and they begin to recognize these regional variations in media and music. The use of 'teu' for emphasis or affection becomes more prominent. Students are expected to produce longer texts where they maintain the 'tu' form consistently throughout, demonstrating a solid grasp of informal address. They also learn to use 'teu' with abstract nouns like 'tempo' (time) or 'trabalho' (work) in phrases like 'Não percas o teu tempo'.

B2 learners delve into the stylistic uses of 'teu' in literature and media. They analyze how authors use 'teu' to establish intimacy or to characterize relationships between protagonists. The focus is on the emotional weight the word carries. In this stage, students are expected to understand the historical development of the word from Latin and how it fits into the broader Romance language family. They also explore the use of 'teu' in formal poetry and song lyrics, where it might be used for its phonetic qualities or traditional associations. B2 students should be able to navigate conversations in both Portugal and Brazil, adjusting their use of 'teu' and 'seu' according to the local norms without hesitation. They also learn about the 'voseo' in neighboring Spanish-speaking countries and how it contrasts with the Portuguese 'tu/teu' system.

At the C1 level, the learner achieves a near-native understanding of 'teu'. This includes recognizing subtle dialectal differences, such as the specific intonation used with 'teu' in Northern Portugal versus Lisbon. C1 students study the use of 'teu' in historical texts and how its usage has shifted over centuries. They can identify when 'teu' is used ironically or sarcastically in social commentary. The focus is on mastery of all nuances, including the rare cases where 'teu' might be used in a semi-formal way in certain archaic legal or religious contexts. Learners can also discuss the linguistic politics of 'tu' vs 'você' and how the use of 'teu' reflects social identity in different Lusophone countries. They are capable of using 'teu' in creative writing to evoke specific moods or to ground a story in a particular regional setting.

C2 represents total mastery. A C2 learner can use 'teu' with the same flexibility and intuitive sense as a native speaker. They understand the deepest etymological roots and can appreciate the word's role in the evolution of Portuguese phonology. At this level, the learner can engage in academic debates about the 'Brazilianization' of the Portuguese possessive system or the survival of 'teu' in specific isolated communities. They can translate complex literary works, preserving the exact emotional and social register of 'teu'. C2 speakers are also aware of the most obscure idioms and archaic uses of 'teu' found in classical literature. They can switch between registers and dialects flawlessly, using 'teu' as a tool for social bonding or as a precise grammatical instrument in high-level discourse.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

teu in 30 Seconds

Teu is the masculine singular possessive for 'your' in informal Portuguese, used with the pronoun 'tu'.
It must agree with the noun it modifies, not the person who owns it, ensuring grammatical harmony.
In European Portuguese, it is typically preceded by the definite article 'o', forming the phrase 'o teu'.
Usage varies by region, being standard in Portugal and Southern Brazil, but less common in other Brazilian areas.

The word teu is a fundamental pillar of the Portuguese language, specifically serving as the masculine singular possessive determiner corresponding to the informal second-person singular pronoun tu. In English, it translates simply to 'your,' but its usage is governed by strict rules of grammatical agreement and sociolinguistic context that differ significantly from English. When you use teu, you are indicating that something belongs to the person you are speaking to, provided that the relationship is informal and the object possessed is grammatically masculine and singular.

Grammatical Gender Agreement: Unlike English, where 'your' remains static regardless of the object, Portuguese possessives must match the gender of the noun they modify. Therefore, teu is used exclusively with masculine nouns like carro (car), livro (book), or pai (father).

O teu irmão está aqui.

Translation: Your brother is here.

The sociolinguistic weight of teu cannot be overstated. In European Portuguese (Portugal), teu is the standard way to address friends, family, and peers. However, in Brazil, the usage varies wildly by region. In many parts of Brazil, seu has largely replaced teu even in informal settings, though teu remains vibrant in the South (Rio Grande do Sul) and parts of the Northeast. Using teu implies a level of intimacy and 'closeness' that the more formal seu (associated with você) might lack in certain dialects.

The Definite Article Requirement: In most Portuguese dialects, especially in Portugal, it is mandatory to place a definite article before the possessive: o teu. In Brazil, this article is often omitted in casual speech, leading to teu carro instead of o teu carro.

Onde está o teu casaco?

Historically, teu derives from the Latin tuus. Its evolution has maintained the core meaning of direct second-person possession. In modern contexts, you will find it in song lyrics, poetry, and daily conversations. It carries an emotional resonance; it is the language of the heart, the home, and the playground. When a mother speaks to her child, or a lover to their partner, teu is the natural choice to denote belonging within that intimate circle.

Mastering the use of teu requires an understanding of noun-adjective agreement. Since teu is the masculine singular form, it must always modify a noun that is both masculine and singular. If the noun changes to feminine (tua) or plural (teus, tuas), the possessive must follow suit. This is a common stumbling block for English speakers who are used to the unchanging 'your'.

Positioning in the Sentence: Typically, teu precedes the noun it modifies. For example, 'O teu telefone' (Your phone). However, it can also function as a possessive pronoun when the noun is implied: 'Este livro é o teu' (This book is yours).

Eu vi o teu nome na lista.

One of the most important aspects of using teu is maintaining consistency with the pronoun tu. In standard grammar, you should not mix você (which takes seu) with teu. This is known as 'uniformidade de tratamento'. While Brazilians often mix these in casual speech (e.g., 'Você esqueceu o teu casaco'), it is considered grammatically incorrect in formal writing and in European Portuguese.

Este lugar é teu?

When using teu with abstract nouns, it often conveys a sense of personal responsibility or characteristic. For instance, 'O teu sucesso' (Your success) or 'O teu esforço' (Your effort). In these cases, teu emphasizes the individual nature of the noun. Furthermore, teu can be used in vocative expressions of affection, such as 'Meu amor, o teu sorriso é lindo' (My love, your smile is beautiful).

Negation and Questions: In questions, the placement remains the same: 'É o teu carro?' (Is it your car?). In negative sentences, the 'não' usually precedes the verb, not the possessive: 'Não é o teu carro' (It is not your car).

Não percas o teu tempo.

The auditory landscape of teu is rich and varied. If you land in Lisbon or Porto, you will hear it incessantly. It is the pulse of the street, the cafe, and the home. Friends greeting each other will ask, 'Como vai o teu dia?' (How is your day going?). In this context, teu signals a shared history and a lack of formality. It is the sound of familiarity.

Adoro o teu estilo!

In the world of Lusophone music, teu is a staple of lyricism. From the soulful fado of Amália Rodrigues to the modern pop of Luísa Sobral, teu is used to address the 'other' in songs of love, longing (saudade), and betrayal. Brazilian MPB (Música Popular Brasileira) also uses teu frequently, even when the artist might use você in daily life, because teu often fits the meter of a song better or sounds more poetic.

In literature, teu is used to create a direct connection between the narrator and the reader, or between characters. Classic authors like Fernando Pessoa or Machado de Assis utilize the nuances of possessives to define the social standing and intimacy of their characters. When a character switches from seu to teu, it often signals a pivotal moment of emotional opening or a breakdown of social barriers.

Social Media and Texting: In the digital age, teu is frequently abbreviated or used in rapid-fire exchanges. You might see 'o t cão' (your dog) in very informal shorthand, though this is less common than other abbreviations. It remains the dominant possessive for peer-to-peer interaction online among European Portuguese speakers.

Manda-me o teu número.

The most frequent mistake learners make with teu is failing to match its gender with the noun it describes. English speakers instinctively want to use teu for a male owner and tua for a female owner. This is incorrect. The gender of the possessive is determined solely by the object being possessed.

The 'Owner Gender' Trap: Incorrect: (Speaking to a man) 'A tua livro' (Wrong gender for book). Correct: 'O teu livro'. The fact that the owner is a man is irrelevant to the form of 'teu'.

Vi o teu gato (even if the owner is a woman).

Another common error is the 'Mixing of Persons'. In Portuguese, tu and você are both 'you', but they belong to different grammatical sets. Tu goes with teu, while você goes with seu. Using 'Você... teu' is a common colloquialism in Brazil, but it is technically a 'mismatch' that should be avoided by serious learners, especially in formal or European contexts.

Forgetting the definite article is the third major pitfall. While Brazilians often drop the 'o' in 'o teu', in Portugal, saying 'Teu pai está aqui' instead of 'O teu pai está aqui' sounds unnatural and 'Brazilianized' to local ears. If your goal is European Portuguese, the article is your best friend.

Pluralization Errors: Learners often forget to pluralize the possessive when the noun is plural. 'O teu sapatos' is incorrect; it must be 'Os teus sapatos'.

Onde estão os teus óculos?

To truly understand teu, one must compare it to its counterparts. The most direct alternative is seu. While both translate to 'your', seu is used with the pronoun você. In Brazil, seu is the king of possessives, used for almost everyone. In Portugal, seu is reserved for formal situations or for 'his/her/their', which can lead to ambiguity.

Teu vs. Seu

Teu: Informal, used with 'tu', very common in Portugal and Southern Brazil.
Seu: Formal (Portugal) or Neutral/Informal (Brazil), used with 'você'.

O teu carro (Informal) vs. O seu carro (Formal/Ambiguous).

Other variations of teu include its feminine and plural forms: tua (feminine singular), teus (masculine plural), and tuas (feminine plural). These are not alternatives but necessary grammatical transformations. For example, 'a tua casa' (your house) or 'as tuas chaves' (your keys).

Comparison with 'Vosso': Vosso is the plural 'your' (belonging to you all). It is used with vós. While vós is rare in speech, vosso is still used in formal or religious contexts in Portugal. In daily life, teu is strictly singular.

Finally, consider the use of próprio (own) for emphasis: 'O teu próprio carro' (Your own car). This adds a layer of exclusivity or surprise to the possession, much like in English.

How Formal Is It?

Formal

Neutral

Informal

Child friendly

Slang

Fun Fact

The word 'teu' has remained remarkably stable for over two thousand years, retaining its core phonetic structure from Latin to modern Portuguese.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /ˈtew/

US /ˈteʊ/

Monosyllabic, so the stress is on the single vowel sound.

Rhymes With

meu seu deu leu ceu veu breu ateu

Common Errors

Pronouncing it like 'too' (English).
Making the 'e' too closed like in 'they'.
Adding an extra syllable.
Nasalizing the vowel (it is not nasal).
Confusing it with 'tio' (uncle).

Difficulty Rating

Reading 1/5

Very easy to recognize in text.

Writing 2/5

Requires remembering gender agreement.

Speaking 2/5

Easy to pronounce but requires social context awareness.

Listening 1/5

Clear and distinct sound.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

tu meu o é carro

Learn Next

tua teus tuas seu nosso

Advanced

vós vosso contigo si

Grammar to Know

Gender Agreement

O teu (masc) livro vs A tua (fem) caneta.

Number Agreement

O teu (sing) amigo vs Os teus (plur) amigos.

Use of Definite Article

O teu pai (Standard European Portuguese).

Uniformity of Treatment

Tu (2nd person) goes with Teu (2nd person possessive).

Possessive as Pronoun

Este lugar é o teu (Yours).

Examples by Level

O teu carro é azul.

Your car is blue.

'Teu' agrees with 'carro' (masculine singular).

Onde está o teu pai?

Where is your father?

Definite article 'o' is used before 'teu'.

O teu nome é João?

Is your name João?

Common introductory question.

Este é o teu livro.

This is your book.

Possessive precedes the noun.

Eu gosto do teu cão.

I like your dog.

'Do' is a contraction of 'de' + 'o'.

O teu café está frio.

Your coffee is cold.

'Teu' modifies 'café'.

Qual é o teu telefone?

What is your phone (number)?

Used for personal information.

O teu gato é muito bonito.

Your cat is very beautiful.

Adjective 'bonito' also agrees with 'gato'.

Tu tens o teu passaporte?

Do you have your passport?

Agreement with the pronoun 'tu'.

O teu quarto está limpo.

Your room is clean.

Used in the context of daily life.

Eu vi o teu irmão no cinema.

I saw your brother at the cinema.

Direct object phrase.

O teu trabalho é interessante.

Your job is interesting.

Abstract noun 'trabalho'.

Podes dar-me o teu endereço?

Can you give me your address?

Requesting information.

O teu computador é novo?

Is your computer new?

Question about possession.

Não esqueças o teu guarda-chuva.

Don't forget your umbrella.

Imperative sentence.

O teu almoço está na mesa.

Your lunch is on the table.

Domestic context.

Espero que o teu dia tenha sido bom.

I hope your day was good.

Used in informal correspondence.

O teu esforço será recompensado.

Your effort will be rewarded.

Abstract possessive.

Afinal, o problema não era o teu.

After all, the problem wasn't yours.

Used as a possessive pronoun.

O teu jeito de falar é único.

Your way of speaking is unique.

Describing a characteristic.

Quero ouvir o teu ponto de vista.

I want to hear your point of view.

Idiomatic expression.

O teu sucesso depende de ti.

Your success depends on you.

Reflexive relationship with 'ti'.

Não deixes que o teu medo te impeça.

Don't let your fear stop you.

Emotional context.

O teu contributo foi essencial.

Your contribution was essential.

Formal-informal hybrid context.

O teu silêncio diz mais que mil palavras.

Your silence says more than a thousand words.

Poetic/Literary usage.

Reconheço o teu valor como artista.

I recognize your value as an artist.

Expressing professional respect informally.

O teu destino está nas tuas mãos.

Your destiny is in your hands.

Philosophical context.

Sinto falta do teu abraço.

I miss your embrace.

Expressing 'saudade'.

O teu legado perdurará por gerações.

Your legacy will last for generations.

High-level abstract noun.

O teu olhar revela a verdade.

Your gaze reveals the truth.

Metaphorical usage.

O teu comportamento foi exemplar.

Your behavior was exemplary.

Evaluative context.

Não subestimes o teu potencial.

Don't underestimate your potential.

Motivational context.

O teu discurso foi de uma eloquência rara.

Your speech was of a rare eloquence.

Sophisticated vocabulary.

Percebo o teu dilema, mas deves decidir.

I understand your dilemma, but you must decide.

Complex social interaction.

O teu sarcasmo não me atinge.

Your sarcasm doesn't affect me.

Nuanced emotional register.

O teu brio profissional é louvável.

Your professional pride is laudable.

Use of the specific term 'brio'.

O teu raciocínio parece-me falível.

Your reasoning seems fallible to me.

Intellectual critique.

O teu íntimo permanece um mistério.

Your inner self remains a mystery.

Abstract/Philosophical.

O teu percurso é uma inspiração.

Your journey is an inspiration.

Metaphorical 'percurso'.

O teu desdém é desnecessário.

Your disdain is unnecessary.

Advanced emotional noun.

O teu fado é carregar este fardo.

Your fate is to carry this burden.

Wordplay with 'fado' and 'fardo'.

O teu génio não conhece fronteiras.

Your genius knows no borders.

Hyperbolic/Academic praise.

O teu âmago foi tocado pela tragédia.

Your core was touched by tragedy.

Use of 'âmago' (core/soul).

O teu descaso pela lei é gritante.

Your disregard for the law is glaring.

Legal/Formal register.

O teu carisma é a tua maior arma.

Your charisma is your greatest weapon.

Rhetorical analysis.

O teu devaneio levou-te longe demais.

Your daydreaming took you too far.

Literary term 'devaneio'.

O teu afinco é o motor da mudança.

Your persistence is the engine of change.

Metaphorical and sophisticated.

O teu semblante denota preocupação.

Your countenance denotes worry.

Archaic/Literary 'semblante'.

Common Collocations

O teu nome

O teu pai

O teu tempo

O teu lugar

O teu trabalho

O teu melhor

O teu caminho

O teu estilo

O teu segredo

O teu futuro

Common Phrases

O que é teu, é meu.

— What is yours is mine. A common expression of close friendship or shared resources.

Podes usar o meu carro; o que é teu, é meu.

Faz o teu!

— Do your thing! or Mind your business! Depending on the tone.

Não te preocupes com os outros, faz o teu.

Tudo o que é teu.

— Everything that is yours. Often used in romantic or generous contexts.

Eu amo tudo o que é teu.

No teu tempo.

— In your own time. Used to tell someone not to rush.

Podes terminar o relatório no teu tempo.

O teu a teu dono.

— To each his own / Giving back what belongs to someone.

Temos de devolver o dinheiro; o teu a teu dono.

Pelo teu bem.

— For your own good.

Estou a dizer isto pelo teu bem.

Ao teu lado.

— By your side.

Estarei sempre ao teu lado.

A teu favor.

— In your favor.

As provas estão a teu favor.

O teu jeito.

— Your way / Your mannerism.

Gosto do teu jeito de rir.

Com o teu aval.

— With your approval/guarantee.

Só faremos isso com o teu aval.

Often Confused With

teu vs seu

Seu is for 'você' or 'him/her'. Teu is strictly for 'tu'.

teu vs tio

Tio means uncle. They sound slightly similar to beginners.

teu vs te

Te is an object pronoun (you), while teu is a possessive (your).

Idioms & Expressions

"Dar o teu melhor"

— To give your best effort.

Tens de dar o teu melhor no exame.

Informal

"Estar na tua"

— To be in your own world or doing your own thing (Brazilian slang).

Ele não quer sair, está na dele e eu estou na minha.

Slang

"Fazer o teu peixe"

— To promote yourself or your interests.

Ele está a tentar fazer o teu peixe na reunião.

Informal

"O teu nariz!"

— An expression of disbelief or dismissal (similar to 'My foot!').

Ele é inteligente? O teu nariz!

Informal

"Cuidar do teu quintal"

— To mind your own business.

Vai cuidar do teu quintal e deixa-me em paz.

Informal

"Pôr o teu na reta"

— To put yourself at risk (Brazilian slang).

Não vou pôr o meu na reta por causa dele.

Slang

"Saber o teu lugar"

— To know your place (socially).

Tu precisas de saber o teu lugar nesta empresa.

Neutral

"Ter o teu quê"

— To have a certain something / a specific quality.

Este plano tem o teu quê de loucura.

Informal

"Vender o teu peixe"

— To pitch an idea or sell yourself.

Agora é a hora de venderes o teu peixe.

Informal

"O teu fado"

— Your destiny (often implying something unavoidable).

Aceita o teu fado.

Literary

Easily Confused

teu vs tua

Gender variation.

Tua is feminine, Teu is masculine.

A tua mãe, o teu pai.

teu vs teus

Number variation.

Teus is plural, Teu is singular.

Os teus livros, o teu livro.

teu vs meu

Rhyming possessives.

Meu is 'my', Teu is 'your'.

O meu carro, o teu carro.

teu vs deu

Phonetic similarity.

Deu is the past tense of 'dar' (to give).

Ele deu o livro (He gave the book).

teu vs céu

Phonetic similarity.

Céu means 'sky'.

O céu é azul.

Sentence Patterns

O teu [noun] é [adjective].

O teu carro é novo.

Onde está o teu [noun]?

Onde está o teu pai?

Eu vi o teu [noun].

Eu vi o teu irmão.

Este [noun] é o teu.

Este livro é o teu.

Não percas o teu [abstract noun].

Não percas o teu tempo.

Gosto do teu [noun].

Gosto do teu estilo.

O teu [noun] diz muito sobre ti.

O teu olhar diz muito sobre ti.

Apesar do teu [noun], eu...

Apesar do teu esforço, eu não concordo.

Word Family

Adjectives

How to Use It

frequency

Extremely frequent in daily speech and literature.

Common Mistakes

O teu mãe → A tua mãe
The possessive must match the feminine gender of 'mãe'.
Você esqueceu o teu livro. → Tu esqueceste o teu livro.
Mixing 'você' and 'teu' is grammatically inconsistent.
O teu sapatos → Os teus sapatos
The possessive must be plural to match 'sapatos'.
Teu pai está aqui. (In Portugal) → O teu pai está aqui.
European Portuguese requires the definite article.
É o meu? Não, é o teu. (Referring to a house) → É a minha? Não, é a tua.
Must match the feminine gender of 'casa'.

Tips

Agreement is Key

Always look at the noun after 'teu'. If it's feminine, use 'tua'. If it's plural, use 'teus'.

Know Your Audience

Use 'teu' with friends in Portugal, but stick to 'seu' in formal Brazilian settings.

The Article Habit

Practice saying 'o teu' as a single unit to sound more like a native speaker.

Context Clues

If you hear 'tu', expect to hear 'teu' soon after.

Consistency

Don't switch between 'teu' and 'seu' in the same paragraph.

Rhyme Time

Remember: Meu (my), Teu (your), Seu (his/her/your formal).

Southern Brazil

If you go to Porto Alegre, 'teu' will be your most used possessive.

The 'Nariz' Idiom

Use 'O teu nariz!' to jokingly tell a friend you don't believe them.

Poetic Touch

Use 'teu' in love letters or poems for a more romantic feel.

Avoid 'Teu Mãe'

Never say 'teu mãe'. It must be 'tua mãe' because 'mãe' is feminine.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'teu' as 'T' for 'Tu' (you) and 'EU' (the end of 'meu'). It's the 'tu' version of 'meu'.

Visual Association

Imagine a friend pointing at a 'T' shaped key that belongs to them. T for Teu.

Word Web

tu meu seu possession informal agreement masculine singular

Challenge

Try to find five masculine objects in your room and label them 'o teu [object]' as if you were talking to a friend.

Word Origin

Derived from the Latin 'tuus', which also meant 'your' (singular informal).

Original meaning: Belonging to the person being addressed.

Indo-European > Italic > Romance > West Iberian > Portuguese.

Cultural Context

Be careful using 'teu' in formal business settings in Portugal; always wait for the other person to use 'tu' first.

English speakers often struggle with 'teu' because English lost its informal 'thine' centuries ago. 'Teu' is the ghost of 'thine' still living in Portuguese.

The song 'Teu Crime' by various artists. The poem 'O Teu Olhar' by Fernando Pessoa. The common phrase 'O teu a teu dono' in Portuguese folklore.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Family

O teu pai
O teu irmão
O teu filho
O teu avô

Possessions

O teu carro
O teu telemóvel
O teu livro
O teu dinheiro

Time/Abstract

O teu tempo
O teu futuro
O teu passado
O teu sonho

Work

O teu chefe
O teu emprego
O teu escritório
O teu salário

Body/Self

O teu corpo
O teu rosto
O teu cabelo
O teu coração

Conversation Starters

"Qual é o teu passatempo preferido?"

"Como foi o teu fim de semana?"

"Gosto muito do teu relógio, onde o compraste?"

"O teu trabalho é longe de casa?"

"Qual é o teu prato favorito?"

Journal Prompts

Escreve sobre o teu melhor amigo e o que admiras nele.

Descreve o teu dia ideal do início ao fim.

Qual é o teu maior sonho para o futuro?

Fala sobre o teu livro favorito e por que é especial.

O que farias se o teu desejo mais louco se realizasse?

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

In formal grammar, no. You should use 'seu' with 'você'. However, in Brazil, people often mix them in casual conversation.

No. 'Teu' only changes based on the gender of the object. 'O teu livro' is correct for both male and female owners.

In Portugal, it is almost always used. In Brazil, it is frequently omitted.

'Teu' is informal (friends/family). 'Seu' is formal (bosses/strangers) or refers to 'his/her'.

In Portugal, use 'vosso'. In Brazil, use 'seu' or 'de vocês'.

Yes, but mostly in the South and Northeast. In São Paulo and Rio, 'seu' is more common.

No, 'teu' only means 'your' (singular informal).

Only if you have a very close, informal relationship with your colleagues.

It's a diphthong like 'eh-oo', but said quickly as one sound.

It sounds more intimate and poetic than 'seu', and it often fits the rhythm better.