B1 Confusable-words 13 min read Médio

Despite vs. Although: Qual é a diferença?

Although needs a full clause (subject + verb); despite needs a noun or gerund.
Marcar como aprendido
Pratique

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'Despite' before a noun or -ing word, but use 'Although' before a full sentence with a subject and verb.

  • Despite + Noun/Pronoun: 'Despite the rain, we went out.'
  • Although + Subject + Verb: 'Although it was raining, we went out.'
  • Despite + -ing: 'Despite feeling sick, she finished the race.'
Despite + 📛 (Noun) vs. Although + 👤 (Subject) + 🏃 (Verb)

Overview

### Overview
Olha só, aprender a usar although e despite é um divisor de águas quando você quer deixar o seu inglês mais polido e profissional, seja numa reunião de trabalho ou escrevendo um e-mail importante. Em português, a gente usa apesar de ou embora para expressar contraste, e a gente faz isso de um jeito bem fluido. No inglês, a lógica é parecida, mas a gramática é mais rígida.
O segredo que ninguém te conta é que a escolha entre essas palavras não é apenas sobre o significado, mas sobre a estrutura gramatical que vem depois delas.
Em português, a gente é muito flexível. A gente diz:
Apesar de estar chovendo, eu saí
ou
Embora estivesse chovendo, eu saí
. Percebe que o verbo muda um pouco, mas a estrutura se mantém?
No inglês, although é uma *conjunction* (conjunção), o que significa que ele precisa de uma oração completa (sujeito + verbo) logo depois. Já o despite é uma *preposition* (preposição), então ele exige um substantivo ou um verbo no gerúndio (-ing). Se você trocar um pelo outro sem seguir essa regra, o seu inglês vai soar quebrado para um nativo, mesmo que a frase seja compreensível.
Entender essa diferença é o que separa quem está apenas se comunicando de quem realmente domina a língua. É tipo a diferença entre falar a gente vai e nós vamos — ambos funcionam, mas um mostra que você tem um controle mais refinado da estrutura. Vamos mergulhar fundo nisso para você nunca mais ter dúvida na hora de mandar aquele e-mail ou conversar com seus amigos gringos.
### How This Grammar Works
Para entender como essas palavras funcionam, precisamos dividir em dois grupos: as conjunções e as preposições. O although (e seu primo mais enfático, o even though) funciona exatamente como a nossa conjunção embora. Em português, a gente usa o embora seguido de um verbo conjugado.
No inglês, o although também exige uma oração completa, ou seja, um sujeito e um verbo. Se você não colocar o sujeito, a frase fica incompleta. Por exemplo: Although he was tired, ele continuou trabalhando.
Note que he é o sujeito e was é o verbo. Isso é obrigatório.
Já o despite (e o seu sinônimo in spite of) funciona como a nossa preposição apesar de. Em português, a gente diz apesar da chuva ou
apesar de estar chovendo
. No inglês, o despite não aceita uma oração completa.
Você não pode dizer despite it was raining. Isso é um erro clássico! Você precisa transformar esse it was raining em algo que o despite consiga engolir: ou um substantivo (the rain) ou um gerúndio (raining).
É como se o despite fosse um aspirador de substantivos. Ele precisa de algo que funcione como um nome. Se você quiser usar uma oração completa com o despite, você é obrigado a adicionar uma ponte, que é a expressão the fact that.
Então ficaria: despite the fact that it was raining. Isso é muito comum em contextos formais, como em relatórios ou apresentações de negócios.
### Formation Pattern
| Categoria | Estrutura | Exemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Conjunção | Although + Sujeito + Verbo | Although the meeting was long, we finished on time. |
| Preposição | Despite + Substantivo / Gerúndio | Despite the long meeting, we finished on time. |
| Ponte | Despite the fact that + Sujeito + Verbo | Despite the fact that the meeting was long, we finished on time. |
Como você pode ver, a ordem das frases pode mudar. Se você começar a frase com o contraste, use uma vírgula para separar a ideia principal. Se você colocar a ideia principal primeiro, não precisa de vírgula.
É bem parecido com o uso de embora no português, onde a pontuação ajuda a organizar o pensamento.
### When To Use It
Você vai usar essas estruturas sempre que quiser contrastar duas ideias, mostrando que um resultado é inesperado. Sabe quando você quer dizer
mesmo com tudo isso acontecendo, aconteceu aquilo outro
? É exatamente esse o momento.
  1. 1Para mostrar contraste em situações profissionais: Imagine que você está no trabalho e precisa justificar um atraso ou um resultado positivo inesperado.
    Despite the budget cuts, we achieved our goals.
    Aqui, o despite dá um ar de seriedade e objetividade. É perfeito para apresentações.
  2. 2Para dar ênfase emocional: O even though é excelente para quando você quer enfatizar o quão surpreendente algo é.
    Even though I was exhausted, I went to the gym.
    Isso soa muito mais forte do que apenas usar um although simples.
  3. 3Para ser mais conciso: O despite é seu melhor amigo quando você quer escrever um texto mais curto. Em vez de escrever
    Although the project was difficult
    , você pode simplesmente escrever "Despite the project's difficulty". Viu como economizamos palavras? Isso é muito valorizado em e-mails corporativos.
### Common Mistakes
  1. 1O erro da vírgula inexistente: Muitos brasileiros esquecem de colocar a vírgula quando a frase começa com Although ou Despite. Em português, a gente muitas vezes ignora a vírgula, mas no inglês escrito, se você começa com uma oração subordinada, a vírgula é obrigatória antes da oração principal.
  2. 2Misturar Conjunção com Preposição: O erro mais comum é dizer Despite it was raining. Isso acontece porque, em português, a gente usa apesar de e logo depois um verbo conjugado (apesar de choveu, que seria gramaticalmente incorreto em português, mas a gente tenta traduzir a lógica). O cérebro brasileiro tenta colocar um sujeito logo após o despite, mas o despite não aceita sujeito. Lembre-se: despite = substantivo/gerúndio; although = sujeito + verbo.
  3. 3Adicionar of depois de despite: É muito comum ouvir Despite of the rain. Isso é um erro de interferência do português, porque a gente fala apesar DE. O despite já tem o de embutido. Ou você usa despite, ou você usa in spite of. Nunca misture os dois!
### Contrast With Similar Patterns
| Estrutura | Equivalente em Português | Diferença Principal |
|---|---|---|
| Although | Embora / Apesar de que | Exige oração completa (S + V). |
| Despite | Apesar de | Exige substantivo ou gerúndio (-ing). |
| However | No entanto / Contudo | É um advérbio, não liga orações da mesma forma. |
O however é um erro comum de substituição. Muita gente tenta usar however no lugar de although. Lembre-se: although conecta duas partes em uma frase só. However geralmente começa uma frase nova ou vem depois de um ponto e vírgula.
### Quick FAQ
  1. 1Posso usar despite no início da frase? Sim, com certeza! A regra da vírgula continua valendo: Despite the rain, we went out.
  2. 2Qual é mais formal: although ou despite? Ambos são neutros, mas despite the fact that é bem mais formal e deve ser evitado em conversas muito informais no WhatsApp, por exemplo.
  3. 3Existe alguma diferença entre despite e in spite of? Na prática, não. Eles são 100% intercambiáveis. Use o que você achar que soa melhor na frase. O in spite of é apenas um pouquinho mais longo.

Structure Comparison

Word Grammar Category Followed By... Example
Although
Conjunction
Subject + Verb (Clause)
Although it was late...
Even though
Conjunction (Strong)
Subject + Verb (Clause)
Even though it was late...
Despite
Preposition
Noun / Pronoun / -ing
Despite the time...
In spite of
Prepositional Phrase
Noun / Pronoun / -ing
In spite of the time...
Despite the fact that
Complex Preposition
Subject + Verb (Clause)
Despite the fact that it was late...

Meanings

Both words are used to introduce a contrast or a 'concession'—showing that something happened even though there was an obstacle or a reason for it not to happen.

1

Clausal Concession

Using 'although' to connect two complete ideas where one makes the other surprising.

“Although she studied hard, she failed the exam.”

“I enjoyed the film although it was very long.”

2

Prepositional Concession

Using 'despite' to introduce a noun or gerund that contrasts with the main clause.

“Despite the noise, I slept well.”

“He arrived on time despite the heavy traffic.”

3

The 'Fact That' Bridge

Using 'despite the fact that' to allow a full clause to follow 'despite'.

“Despite the fact that it was raining, we played football.”

“He passed despite the fact that he hadn't studied.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Despite vs. Although: Qual é a diferença?
Form Structure Example
Affirmative (Clausal)
Although + S + V, [Main Clause]
Although she is tired, she is studying.
Affirmative (Prepositional)
Despite + Noun, [Main Clause]
Despite her tiredness, she is studying.
Negative (Clausal)
Although + S + negative V, [Main Clause]
Although he didn't win, he was happy.
Negative (Prepositional)
Despite + not + -ing, [Main Clause]
Despite not winning, he was happy.
Middle Position
[Main Clause] + although + S + V
He was happy although he didn't win.
Middle Position
[Main Clause] + despite + Noun
He was happy despite the loss.
With Pronouns
Despite + this/that/it
It was raining. Despite that, we went out.

Espectro de formalidade

Formal
The match proceeded notwithstanding the inclement weather.

The match proceeded notwithstanding the inclement weather. (Sports event)

Neutro
The match continued despite the heavy rain.

The match continued despite the heavy rain. (Sports event)

Informal
We kept playing even though it was pouring.

We kept playing even though it was pouring. (Sports event)

Gíria
We stayed out tho it was raining cats and dogs.

We stayed out tho it was raining cats and dogs. (Sports event)

The Grammar Split

Although / Even though
Clause Subject + Verb
Despite / In spite of
Noun Phrase The rain / My cold
Gerund Being sick / Running

Which one should I use?

1

Is there a verb in the next part?

YES
Use 'Although'
NO
Use 'Despite'
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Exemplos por nível

1

Although it is raining, I am happy.

Although it is raining, I am happy.

2

Despite the rain, I am happy.

Despite the rain, I am happy.

3

I like the car although it is old.

I like the car although it is old.

4

Despite the heat, he is wearing a coat.

Despite the heat, he is wearing a coat.

1

Although he was hungry, he didn't eat.

Although he was hungry, he didn't eat.

2

Despite his hunger, he didn't eat.

Despite his hunger, he didn't eat.

3

In spite of the noise, I slept well.

In spite of the noise, I slept well.

4

She went to work although she felt sick.

She went to work although she felt sick.

1

Despite being a millionaire, he drives an old car.

Despite being a millionaire, he drives an old car.

2

Although the team played well, they lost the match.

Although the team played well, they lost the match.

3

He passed the exam despite the fact that he was ill.

He passed the exam despite the fact that he was ill.

4

I enjoyed the holiday despite the bad weather.

I enjoyed the holiday despite the bad weather.

1

Even though I've seen the movie before, I'd like to see it again.

Even though I've seen the movie before, I'd like to see it again.

2

Despite having lived there for years, he doesn't speak the language.

Despite having lived there for years, he doesn't speak the language.

3

The project was a success, although it took longer than expected.

The project was a success, although it took longer than expected.

4

In spite of all our efforts, we couldn't save the company.

In spite of all our efforts, we couldn't save the company.

1

Notwithstanding the recent improvements, the system remains flawed.

Notwithstanding the recent improvements, the system remains flawed.

2

He decided to buy the house, despite its numerous structural issues.

He decided to buy the house, despite its numerous structural issues.

3

The results were impressive, albeit somewhat inconsistent.

The results were impressive, albeit somewhat inconsistent.

4

Much as I admire his work, I find his latest novel disappointing.

Much as I admire his work, I find his latest novel disappointing.

1

For all his bravado, he was actually quite terrified.

For all his bravado, he was actually quite terrified.

2

The treaty was signed, the objections of the minority notwithstanding.

The treaty was signed, the objections of the minority notwithstanding.

3

Granted that the technology is new, it still shouldn't fail this often.

Granted that the technology is new, it still shouldn't fail this often.

4

Even if we were to increase the budget, the timeline remains unrealistic.

Even if we were to increase the budget, the timeline remains unrealistic.

Fácil de confundir

Despite vs. Although: What's the Difference? vs Despite vs. In spite of

Learners think they have different meanings or that 'despite' needs 'of'.

Despite vs. Although: What's the Difference? vs Although vs. However

Learners use them interchangeably in the same sentence position.

Despite vs. Although: What's the Difference? vs Although vs. Even though

Learners aren't sure which one is 'stronger'.

Erros comuns

✗

I go out although rain.

✓

I go out although it is raining.

Although must be followed by a subject and a verb.
✗

Despite of the cold, I am happy.

✓

Despite the cold, I am happy.

Despite is a single word. Do not add 'of'.
✗

Although it was hot, but I wore a coat.

✓

Although it was hot, I wore a coat.

Do not use 'although' and 'but' in the same sentence.
✗

Despite I was tired, I worked.

✓

Despite being tired, I worked.

Despite cannot be followed by a clause (I was tired).
✗

In spite the rain, we played.

✓

In spite of the rain, we played.

The phrase is 'in spite of'. You missed the 'of'.
✗

Although my sickness, I came.

✓

Despite my sickness, I came.

Although needs a verb. Sickness is just a noun.
✗

He is rich although he is unhappy.

✓

He is rich, although he is unhappy.

While not always wrong, a comma helps clarity when 'although' adds a surprising contrast.
✗

Despite he arrived late, he saw the show.

✓

Despite arriving late, he saw the show.

Use the -ing form after despite if you want to refer to the subject's action.
✗

Although the fact that it was late, we stayed.

✓

Despite the fact that it was late, we stayed.

The phrase is 'despite the fact that', not 'although the fact that'.
✗

I like him despite he is rude.

✓

I like him although he is rude.

He is rude is a clause, so you need although.
✗

Albeit he was tired, he finished.

✓

Albeit tired, he finished.

Albeit is not followed by a full clause with a subject.

Padrões de frases

Despite ___, I still ___.

Although it was ___, we ___.

I decided to ___ despite the fact that ___.

Despite not ___, she ___.

Real World Usage

Job Interview common

Despite my lack of direct experience in this field, I have many transferable skills.

Texting a friend very common

I'm coming although I'll be a bit late!

Social Media Caption very common

Best day ever despite the rain! ☔

Academic Essay constant

Although the results were statistically significant, the sample size was small.

Travel / Booking occasional

The hotel was great although the room was a bit noisy.

Customer Complaint common

I am writing to complain because the product broke despite only being used once.

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⚠️

The 'Of' Trap

Never write 'despite of'. It is the most common mistake for learners. If you want to use 'of', use 'in spite of'.
🎯

The Noun Test

If you aren't sure which one to use, look at the words following it. Can you put 'the' or 'my' right after it? If yes, use 'despite'.
💡

Comma Rule

If you start a sentence with 'Although' or 'Despite', you MUST put a comma after the first part of the sentence.
💬

Ending with 'Though'

In casual speech, you can put 'though' at the very end of a sentence. 'I'm tired. I'll go out, though.'

Smart Tips

Stop! Count the words. 'Despite' is 1 word. 'In spite of' is 3 words. There is no 2-word version.

Despite of the rain... → Despite the rain...

Add the 'magic bridge': 'the fact that'. It fixes the grammar instantly.

Despite he was tired... → Despite the fact that he was tired...

Delete the 'But'. 'Although' already does the work of showing contrast.

Although it was cold, but I went out. → Although it was cold, I went out.

Try putting 'though' at the end of your second sentence.

Although it was expensive, I bought it. → It was expensive. I bought it, though.

Pronúncia

/ɔːlˈðəʊ/

Stress on 'Although'

The stress is on the second syllable: al-THOUGH.

/dɪˈspaɪt/

Stress on 'Despite'

The stress is on the second syllable: de-SPITE.

Concessive Rise

Although it was raining (rise), we went out (fall).

The rising intonation on the first clause signals that the thought is not yet finished.

Memorize

Mnemônico

A-L-T-H-O-U-G-H has a 'V' hidden in its soul (Verb), while D-E-S-P-I-T-E is just a 'N' (Noun).

Associação visual

Imagine 'Although' as a bridge connecting two islands (clauses). Imagine 'Despite' as a backpack (preposition) carrying a heavy rock (noun).

Rhyme

Although needs a verb to play, Despite takes a noun and walks away.

Story

A man named Al (Although) always brings a friend (Subject) and a dog (Verb) to the party. A woman named Des (Despite) only brings her purse (Noun).

Word Web

ContrastConcessionHoweverButNeverthelessGerundClause

Desafio

Look around you. Find something you don't like about your room. Say: 'I like this room although [reason].' Then say: 'I like this room despite [reason].'

Notas culturais

In informal British English, 'though' is very frequently used at the end of a sentence to mean 'however'.

Using 'despite' or 'notwithstanding' is preferred over 'but' in academic essays to create a more formal, objective tone.

Americans often use 'even though' more frequently than 'although' in casual conversation for added emphasis.

'Despite' comes from the Old French 'despit', meaning 'contempt'. 'Although' is a combination of 'all' (used for emphasis) and 'though'.

Iniciadores de conversa

“

What is something you did recently despite being very tired?

“

Although you are busy, what is one hobby you never skip?

“

Have you ever bought something although it was too expensive?

“

What's a place you love visiting despite the fact that it's crowded?

Temas para diário

Write about a time you succeeded at something despite the odds being against you.
Describe your favorite city. Mention at least three things you like about it although they might be considered 'bad' by others.
Compare two products you use. Use 'despite' and 'although' to highlight their differences.
Write a short story about a character who goes on a trip despite having no money.

Erros comuns

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with 'Although' or 'Despite'.

___ the heavy traffic, we arrived on time.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Despite
'The heavy traffic' is a noun phrase, so we use 'despite'.
Choose the grammatically correct sentence. Múltipla escolha

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Although it was raining, we went out.
Option 1 has a redundant 'but'. Option 2 uses 'despite' with a clause. Option 4 uses 'despite of'.
Correct the error in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Despite he was sick, he went to school.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Although he was sick
'He was sick' is a clause, so it needs 'although'.
Rewrite the sentence using 'Despite'. Sentence Transformation

Although it was cold, she didn't wear a coat.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Despite the cold, she didn't wear a coat.
We change the clause 'it was cold' into the noun phrase 'the cold'.
Match the start of the sentence with the correct ending. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ...
1. ...I finished the work. 2. ...I finished the work. 3. ...I finished the work. 4. ...I finished the work.
Is the following rule true or false? True False Rule

You can use 'despite' and 'although' interchangeably without changing the words that follow them.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
You must change the structure (noun vs. clause) when switching between them.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Did you enjoy the hike? B: Yes, ___ it was quite exhausting.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: although
'It was quite exhausting' is a clause.
Which word follows 'Despite'? Grammar Sorting

Select the correct word to follow 'Despite'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: the rain
Despite is followed by a noun phrase.

Score: /8

Exercicios praticos

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with 'Although' or 'Despite'.

___ the heavy traffic, we arrived on time.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Despite
'The heavy traffic' is a noun phrase, so we use 'despite'.
Choose the grammatically correct sentence. Múltipla escolha

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Although it was raining, we went out.
Option 1 has a redundant 'but'. Option 2 uses 'despite' with a clause. Option 4 uses 'despite of'.
Correct the error in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Despite he was sick, he went to school.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Although he was sick
'He was sick' is a clause, so it needs 'although'.
Rewrite the sentence using 'Despite'. Sentence Transformation

Although it was cold, she didn't wear a coat.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Despite the cold, she didn't wear a coat.
We change the clause 'it was cold' into the noun phrase 'the cold'.
Match the start of the sentence with the correct ending. Match Pairs

Match the following:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ...
1. ...I finished the work. 2. ...I finished the work. 3. ...I finished the work. 4. ...I finished the work.
Is the following rule true or false? True False Rule

You can use 'despite' and 'although' interchangeably without changing the words that follow them.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
You must change the structure (noun vs. clause) when switching between them.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Did you enjoy the hike? B: Yes, ___ it was quite exhausting.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: although
'It was quite exhausting' is a clause.
Which word follows 'Despite'? Grammar Sorting

Select the correct word to follow 'Despite'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: the rain
Despite is followed by a noun phrase.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

13 exercises
Choose the correct word to complete the sentence. Preencher as lacunas

I enjoyed the movie, ___ it was very long.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: although
Choose the correct phrase to complete the sentence. Preencher as lacunas

___ the bad weather, the game will be played.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Despite
Choose the correct phrase to complete the sentence. Preencher as lacunas

We are good friends, ___ we don't see each other very often.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: even though
Find and fix the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

In spite of she was tired, she finished the race.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Although she was tired, she finished the race.
Find and fix the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

He bought the car, despite of the high price.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He bought the car, despite the high price.
Which sentence is grammatically correct? Múltipla escolha

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Despite having a map, we still got lost.
Which sentence is grammatically correct? Múltipla escolha

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I love the city, although it's very expensive.
Translate the given idea into a correct English sentence using 'despite'. Tradução

Translate into English: 'The traffic was bad, but I arrived on time.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["I arrived on time despite the bad traffic.","Despite the bad traffic, I arrived on time."]
Translate the given idea into a correct English sentence using 'although'. Tradução

Translate into English: 'I don't have much money, but I want to travel.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["I want to travel although I don't have much money.","Although I don't have much money, I want to travel."]
Put the words in order to form a correct sentence. Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Despite the heavy rain, they went out.
Put the words in order to form a correct sentence. Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Although he felt tired, he kept on working.
Match the beginning of the sentence with its correct ending. Match Pairs

Match the sentence halves:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
Match the word with the grammatical element that follows it. Match Pairs

Match the contrast word with its required structure:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched

Score: /13

Perguntas frequentes (8)

No, 'despite' is a preposition and needs an object. However, you can use 'though' at the end of a sentence in informal English.

Slightly. 'Despite' is very common in writing and formal speech, while 'although' and 'even though' are more common in everyday conversation.

There is no difference in meaning or grammar. 'Despite' is one word, and 'in spite of' is three words. They are interchangeable.

Yes! This is very common. For example: 'Despite being ill, he went to work.'

Because 'despite' is already a preposition. Adding 'of' is redundant and grammatically incorrect in English.

Yes, you can. Just remember to put a comma after the first clause. 'Although it was late, I called him.'

Yes, but it is stronger. Use 'even though' when you want to emphasize that the contrast is very surprising.

It is a longer way of saying 'although'. It allows you to use 'despite' followed by a full sentence (a clause).

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

A pesar de / Aunque

Spanish 'aunque' can take the subjunctive mood, which English doesn't use here.

French high

Malgré / Bien que

French 'bien que' always requires the subjunctive mood.

German moderate

Trotz / Obwohl

German 'obwohl' sends the verb to the end of the clause.

Japanese low

~のに (~noni)

Japanese connectors are often suffixes or particles rather than starting words.

Arabic moderate

بالرغم من (bi-r-raghmi min) / مع أن (ma'a anna)

Arabic structures often require a specific pronoun suffix after 'anna'.

Chinese partial

虽然 (suīrán) / 尽管 (jǐnguǎn)

English forbids using 'although' and 'but' together, while Chinese requires it.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
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