Esta página no seu idioma

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

中文

हिन्दी

A2 verb 11 min de leitura

吐く

haku

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 吐く em 30 segundos

Explicação 吐く in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 吐く (haku) is primarily introduced in its most literal and physical sense: to vomit or to breathe out. For absolute beginners, the focus is on basic health and survival Japanese. You might learn this word when discussing feeling sick. For example, if you are at a school or office and feel unwell, you might need to say '吐きそうです' (I feel like I'm going to throw up). This is a crucial phrase for getting help. Additionally, A1 learners encounter 吐く in basic instructions for physical activities. If you take a beginner-level yoga or exercise class in Japanese, the instructor will use '息を吐いて' (breath out) along with '息を吸って' (breath in). These are among the first 'body' verbs you will learn. The grammar at this level is kept simple, focusing on the polite dictionary form (吐きます) and the present continuous form for current feelings. Learners are encouraged to recognize the kanji 吐 but often rely on hiragana (はく). The goal at A1 is to understand that this word connects the mouth to both air and illness. You should be able to recognize it in a doctor's office or a gym setting. It is also important to distinguish it from other 'haku' words like wearing shoes, though at this level, teachers usually focus on one meaning at a time to avoid confusion. Overall, for an A1 learner, 吐く is a 'survival' verb used to communicate physical states and follow simple physical directions.

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

At the A2 level, you begin to see 吐く (haku) in more varied contexts and slightly more complex grammatical structures. You move beyond just 'vomiting' and start using it for 'exhaling' more naturally in conversation. You will learn the 'te-form' (吐いて), which allows you to describe sequences of actions or use auxiliary verbs like '吐いてしまった' (unfortunately vomited). This level also introduces the noun form 吐き気 (hakike - nausea), which is used in the common phrase '吐き気がする'. A2 learners are expected to understand the difference between the directness of 吐く and the more polite 戻す (modosu), even if they primarily use 吐く. You will also encounter simple idiomatic uses, such as '嘘を吐く' (to tell a lie), although '嘘をつく' remains more common. The focus at A2 is on 'situational Japanese'. For example, if you are on a boat and get seasick, or if you are explaining why you missed a meeting. You should also be able to understand instructions that involve breathing, such as '10秒かけて息を吐き出してください' (Please spend 10 seconds breathing out). At this stage, you are also expected to correctly identify the kanji 吐 in reading materials, distinguishing it from 履 (wear) and 掃 (sweep). The A2 learner uses 吐く to describe their physical condition with more precision and starts to see how the word can be used metaphorically in common expressions.

At the B1 level, the usage of 吐く (haku) expands significantly into the metaphorical and idiomatic realms. You are no longer just talking about physical sickness; you are talking about 'spitting out' words and emotions. One of the most important phrases at this level is '弱音を吐く' (yowane wo haku), which means to complain, whine, or show weakness. This is a very common expression in Japanese culture, often used in discussions about work-life balance or perseverance. B1 learners also encounter the word in the context of 'confessing' or 'spitting out the truth' (本当のことを吐く), which is common in media and literature. Grammatically, you will start using the causative form '吐かせる' (to make someone vomit/confess) and the potential form '吐ける'. You will also learn to use 吐く in more complex sentences involving particles like に and を to indicate direction and object. For instance, '毒を吐く' (to spit venom/say nasty things) becomes a useful phrase for describing someone's personality. At B1, you are also expected to understand the nuance of 吐き出す (to breathe out fully or vent), which adds a layer of intensity to the basic verb. You should be comfortable using 吐く in both casual and semi-formal contexts, knowing when to switch to 戻す for politeness. This level marks the transition from seeing 吐く as a simple physical verb to seeing it as a tool for expressing internal states and social dynamics.

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

At the B2 level, you gain a deep understanding of the nuances and cultural weight of 吐く (haku). You can use the word in a variety of registers, from the very informal 'ゲロを吐く' (barf) to the more formal '嘔吐する' (emesis). You understand that 吐く is a powerful word that can convey a sense of 'purging' or 'releasing' something negative. For example, in a literary context, you might read about a character '吐き捨てる' (hakisuteru - to spit out words with contempt). This level involves mastering compound verbs and sophisticated idioms. You will also be able to discuss the social implications of '弱音を吐く'—when it is acceptable and when it is frowned upon in Japanese society. B2 learners are also expected to handle the word in professional settings, such as explaining a medical condition to a colleague or understanding safety instructions on a plane (e.g., in case of smoke). You will also notice 吐く in news reports about environmental issues, such as '煙を吐く' (to belch smoke) from a factory. The ability to use 吐く metaphorically to describe non-human objects (like machines or volcanoes) is a hallmark of B2 proficiency. You are also more sensitive to the homophones of 'haku' and can use them correctly in writing without hesitation. Your understanding of 吐く now includes its role in expressing psychological relief, physical distress, and social criticism.

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

At the C1 level, your mastery of 吐く (haku) allows you to appreciate its use in high-level literature, classical texts, and specialized professional fields. You understand the subtle differences between 吐く and its many synonyms in various contexts. For instance, you can analyze why an author chose 吐き捨てる instead of simply 言う to describe a character's dialogue, noting the added layer of disgust and finality. You are also familiar with more obscure idioms and historical usages of the word. In a professional medical or scientific context, you can use 嘔吐 (outo) and its related terms with precision. C1 learners can also engage in nuanced discussions about the psychological aspects of 'venting' (吐き出す) and how it relates to mental health. You might encounter 吐く in the context of 'spitting out' a masterpiece or a creative work, implying a visceral, necessary act of creation. Your command of the causative and passive forms is flawless, allowing you to describe complex social interactions where people are 'made to confess' or 'forced to vent'. You also recognize the word in legal contexts, such as '虚偽の証言を吐く' (to give false testimony). At this level, 吐く is no longer just a word; it is a versatile linguistic tool that you can use to add color, intensity, and precision to your Japanese, whether you are writing an academic essay or engaging in a deep philosophical debate.

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

At the C2 level, you have a native-like or near-native command of 吐く (haku), including its most archaic, dialectal, and highly specialized meanings. You can navigate the full spectrum of its usage, from the grittiest street slang to the most refined poetic expressions. You understand the etymological roots of the kanji and how its meaning has shifted over centuries. You can appreciate the use of 吐く in pre-modern Japanese literature, where it might have had slightly different connotations. At this level, you can also identify and use rare compound verbs like '吐き戻す' (to vomit back up) or '吐き散らす' (to spit all over). You are sensitive to the rhythmic and phonaesthetic qualities of the word in poetry and prose. You can also use 吐く in highly abstract ways, such as describing a volcano '吐き出す' lava or a computer '吐き出す' data errors. Your understanding of the cultural nuances of '吐く'—such as the concept of 'honne' (true feelings) versus 'tatemae' (public face) and how '吐く' represents the breakthrough of 'honne'—is profound. You can move effortlessly between different social registers, using the word appropriately in any given situation. For a C2 learner, 吐く is a word that is fully integrated into your cognitive and emotional map of the Japanese language, allowing you to express the most visceral human experiences and the most abstract concepts with equal ease.

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

吐く em 30 segundos

吐く primarily means to vomit or exhale air. It is a very common verb in both medical and daily life contexts in Japan.
It is also used metaphorically for 'spitting out' words, such as lies (嘘を吐く) or complaints (弱音を吐く).
Grammatically, it is a Godan verb ending in -ku. Its past tense is 吐いた and its te-form is 吐いて.
Common homophones include 履く (wear) and 掃く (sweep), so context and kanji are essential for correct interpretation.

The Japanese verb 吐く (haku) is a multifaceted term that primarily describes the physical act of ejecting something from the mouth, but its usage extends far beyond the simple medical definition of vomiting. At its core, the kanji 吐 consists of the 'mouth' radical (口) on the left and the 'earth' or 'stand' component on the right, which historically suggested the act of spitting or speaking out. In modern Japanese, the most common everyday usage refers to vomiting or throwing up, often due to illness, motion sickness, or overconsumption of alcohol. However, it is also the standard word for 'exhaling' or 'breathing out' (息を吐く), which is an essential part of mindfulness, sports, and basic physiology. This duality between a violent physical reaction and a controlled biological process makes 吐く a word that requires context to be fully understood. For instance, in a medical setting, a doctor might ask if you have vomited, while in a yoga class, an instructor will tell you to breathe out slowly. Beyond these physical meanings, 吐く carries significant weight in figurative language. It is used to describe 'spitting out' words, particularly those that are negative, such as lies, complaints, or secrets. If someone is being interrogated by the police, they might 'spit out' the truth. If someone is feeling discouraged, they might 'spit out' weak-sounding words (弱音を吐く). This versatility makes it a high-frequency verb that learners must master to navigate both physical health discussions and emotional expressions in Japanese.

Medical Context: Used to describe the involuntary ejection of stomach contents. It is often paired with 'feeling nauseous' (吐き気がする).

昨日、お酒を飲みすぎて吐いてしまいました。 (Yesterday, I drank too much and vomited.)

Respiratory Context: Refers to the act of exhaling air from the lungs. This is the opposite of 'inhaling' (吸う - suu).

深く息を吸って、ゆっくりと吐いてください。 (Inhale deeply and exhale slowly.)

Figurative Context: Used for verbalizing negative emotions or confessing secrets. It implies a sense of release or 'getting it off one's chest'.

彼はついに本当のことを吐いた。 (He finally spat out the truth.)

Understanding 吐く requires a grasp of its physical and metaphorical boundaries. Whether you are at a hospital, a gym, or watching a crime drama, you will encounter this word. It bridges the gap between the biological necessity of breathing and the visceral reaction of illness, while also capturing the psychological relief of confession. In the 600+ words of this section, we have explored how the mouth serves as the gateway for both toxins leaving the body and words leaving the soul. Mastery of 吐く is a step toward understanding the Japanese perspective on the body and communication.

Using 吐く correctly in a sentence involves understanding its grammatical role as a transitive verb, though it often functions in ways that feel intransitive in English. When you are talking about vomiting, you can use it alone (吐く) or specify what was vomited using the particle を (wo). For example, 'blood' (血 - chi) would be '血を吐く' (chi wo haku). When used for breathing, the standard phrase is '息を吐く' (iki wo haku). The conjugation of 吐く follows the standard rules for -ku ending Godan verbs. In the polite form, it becomes 吐きます (hakimasu). In the past tense, it becomes 吐いた (haita). In the negative form, it becomes 吐かない (hakanai). One of the most common grammatical structures involving this word is the 'te-form' combined with auxiliary verbs. For example, '吐いてしまった' (haite shimatta) expresses regret or an accidental action, which is perfect for describing a sudden bout of sickness. Another important structure is the causative form, 吐かせる (hakaseru), which means 'to make someone vomit' or 'to make someone confess'. This is frequently used in detective stories where the police make a criminal 'spit out' information. Furthermore, the potential form 吐ける (hakeru) means 'can vomit' or 'can exhale', though it is less common. In terms of particle usage, when you are exhaling 'into' something, you use に (ni), such as '袋に息を吐く' (fukurowa ni iki wo haku - to breathe into a bag). When describing the sensation of wanting to vomit, the noun form 吐き気 (hakike) is used with the verb する (suru), as in '吐き気がする' (I feel nauseous).

Conjugation Pattern: Dictionary: 吐く, Polite: 吐きます, Te-form: 吐いて, Past: 吐いた, Negative: 吐かない, Causative: 吐かせる.

気分が悪くて、食べたものを全部吐いてしまいました。 (I felt sick and vomited everything I ate.)

Idiomatic Sentence Structure: [Target] + を + 吐く. Common targets include 息 (breath), 嘘 (lies), 弱音 (complaints), 毒 (insults).

彼はいつも他人の悪口や毒を吐いている。 (He is always spitting venom and badmouthing others.)

Physical Direction: Use に to indicate where the action is directed. Example: 外に吐く (to vomit outside).

窓から外に唾を吐かないでください。 (Please do not spit out the window.)

By mastering these patterns, you can express everything from physical distress to deep-seated frustration. The key is to match the level of directness to the social situation. While 吐く is perfectly acceptable in most contexts, knowing when to soften it with 戻す or strengthen it with 毒を吐く will make your Japanese sound much more natural and nuanced.

In daily life in Japan, you will encounter 吐く in a variety of settings. One of the most common is the healthcare environment. If you visit a clinic (naika) with a stomach flu, the doctor will almost certainly ask, '吐きましたか？' (Hakimashita ka? - Did you vomit?). You will also see it on medication labels, often as part of the phrase '吐き気止め' (hakikedome), which means anti-nausea medication. Another major context is Japanese drinking culture. In Izakayas or near major train stations on Friday nights, you might unfortunately see people who have had too much to drink. In these situations, friends might ask each other, '吐きそう？' (Hakisou? - Do you feel like you're going to throw up?). On a more positive note, you will hear 吐く in fitness and wellness contexts. Yoga instructors and meditation guides constantly use the phrase '息を吐いて' (iki wo haite) to guide students through breathing exercises. In sports, coaches might tell athletes to '吐き出す' (hakidasu - to breathe out fully or put everything out there). In the world of entertainment, particularly crime and suspense dramas, 吐く is a staple word used during interrogation scenes. Detectives will shout '全部吐け！' (Zenbu hake! - Spit it all out! / Confess everything!). This usage is aggressive and masculine. Additionally, in the realm of social commentary or internet slang, you will hear about people 'spitting venom' (毒を吐く) on social media. This refers to someone being particularly harsh or critical. In literature and song lyrics, 吐く is often used metaphorically to describe the release of long-suppressed emotions or the 'vomiting' of words that the speaker can no longer hold inside.

Medical Settings: Doctors use it to diagnose food poisoning, norovirus, or hangovers. It is a standard clinical term.

もしまた吐くようなら、すぐに病院に来てください。 (If you vomit again, please come to the hospital immediately.)

Yoga and Meditation: The focus is on the controlled release of air. '吐く息' (haku iki) refers to the exhalation phase of breathing.

鼻から吸って、口から細く長く吐きます。 (Inhale through the nose, and exhale long and thin through the mouth.)

Crime Dramas: Used in the imperative form '吐け' to demand a confession. It implies that the truth is being forcibly removed from the suspect.

お前のやったことを白状しろ！早く吐け！ (Confess what you did! Spit it out already!)

Whether you are hearing it from a doctor, a yoga teacher, or a fictional detective, the word 吐く is deeply embedded in the sensory and social landscape of Japan. Recognizing these different contexts will help you interpret the speaker's intent—whether they are concerned for your health, guiding your relaxation, or demanding the truth.

For English speakers learning Japanese, 吐く (haku) presents several pitfalls. The first and most obvious mistake is phonetic. Japanese has several homophones for 'haku', including 履く (to wear shoes/pants), 掃く (to sweep), and 刷く (to brush/print). While they all sound identical in isolation, their usage is strictly determined by context and kanji. A common beginner mistake is writing '靴を吐く' (to vomit shoes) instead of '靴を履く' (to wear shoes). This can lead to hilarious or confusing situations. Always double-check your kanji! Another common mistake is the confusion between 吐く (haku) and 戻す (modosu). While both can mean 'to vomit', 戻す is a euphemism (like 'to lose one's lunch' or 'to be sick'). Using 吐く in a formal setting or when trying to be polite about someone else's illness can come across as a bit too graphic or blunt. Similarly, learners often forget that 吐く is used for 'exhaling'. In English, we 'breathe out', but in Japanese, you '吐く' your breath. Some learners try to use the verb '出る' (deru - to come out) for breathing, which is incorrect. Furthermore, there is a distinction between 吐く and つく (tsuku) when it comes to lying. While '嘘を吐く' (uso wo haku) is technically correct and used in certain contexts (like confessing a lie), the more common, everyday phrase for 'to tell a lie' is '嘘をつく' (uso wo tsuku). Using 吐く here might make the lie sound more like a confession or a physical ejection, which might not be what you intended. Finally, learners often struggle with the phrase '吐き気がする' (to feel nauseous). They might try to say '吐く気がある' or '吐きたい', which sound unnatural. '吐き気がする' is a fixed expression that literally means 'the feeling of vomiting is doing/happening'.

Homophone Confusion: Confusing 吐く (vomit) with 履く (wear) or 掃く (sweep). Context is key.

× 玄関を吐く (Vomit the entrance) → ○ 玄関を掃く (Sweep the entrance)

Politeness Errors: Using 吐く instead of 戻す in polite company. 吐く is very direct.

× 上司の前で「吐きました」 (I vomited - too blunt) → ○ 「少し戻してしまいました」 (I was sick - more polite)

Nausea Expression: Misusing the noun form. Always use '吐き気がする' for 'I feel sick/nauseous'.

車酔いで吐き気がします。 (I feel nauseous from car sickness.)

To avoid these mistakes, focus on the specific collocations like '息を吐く' and '弱音を吐く'. By learning the word as part of a phrase rather than in isolation, you will naturally pick up the correct kanji and register for each situation. Pay attention to how native speakers describe physical illness—often using euphemisms or noun-based structures—to refine your own usage.

When exploring the semantic field of 吐く, several related words and alternatives come to light, each with its own specific nuance and register. The most common alternative for the 'vomit' meaning is 戻す (modosu). While 戻す literally means 'to return' or 'to put back', in a physical context, it is the standard polite euphemism for vomiting. If you are at a restaurant or a friend's house and need to explain why you were in the restroom for a long time, 戻す is the much more socially acceptable choice. Another related term is 嘔吐する (outo suru). This is a formal, medical compound (Sino-Japanese word) used in hospitals, textbooks, and news reports. It is the equivalent of 'to emesis' or 'to vomit' in a clinical sense. You wouldn't use it in casual conversation, but you will see it on medical forms. For the 'exhale' meaning, the primary alternative is 吐き出す (hakidasu). While 吐く simply means to exhale, 吐き出す implies a more forceful 'spitting out' or 'breathing out completely'. It is often used metaphorically to mean 'venting' all of one's frustrations. For the 'spitting' aspect, there is 唾を吐く (tsuba wo haku), which specifically means to spit saliva. A more vulgar or slangy term for vomiting is ゲロを吐く (gero wo haku), where 'gero' is an onomatopoeic word for the sound of barfing. This is common among young people or in very informal settings. In the context of confessing or telling the truth, synonyms include 白状する (hakujou suru - to confess) and 打ち明ける (uchiakeru - to reveal/confide). 吐く in this context is much more forceful and often implies that the information was being held back.

戻す (Modosu) vs. 吐く (Haku): 戻す is polite and indirect. 吐く is direct and can be graphic. Use 戻す in social situations.

嘔吐する (Outo suru) vs. 吐く (Haku): 嘔吐する is a formal medical term. 吐く is the everyday word used by everyone.

吐き出す (Hakidasu) vs. 吐く (Haku): 吐き出す emphasizes the completeness or force of the action. Used for venting emotions or exhaling fully.

彼は溜まっていた不満をすべて吐き出した。 (He vented all his pent-up frustrations.)

白状する (Hakujou suru) vs. 吐く (Haku): 白状する is specifically for confessing a crime or a secret. 吐く is more colloquial in this sense.

犯人はついに罪を白状した。 (The criminal finally confessed his crime.)

Understanding these alternatives allows you to choose the right word for the right moment. Whether you need to be clinically precise with 嘔吐する, socially graceful with 戻す, or emotionally expressive with 吐き出す, knowing the landscape around 吐く will significantly enhance your Japanese communication skills.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The kanji 吐 is also used in the word for 'confession' (吐露 - toro), which literally means 'to vomit and dew', implying a clear and total outpouring of one's heart.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /haku/

US /hɑku/

Japanese is a pitch-accent language. In standard Tokyo dialect, 吐く (haku) typically has an 'Atamadaka' (head-high) accent, where the first syllable is higher than the second.

Rima com

Kaku (to write) Saku (to bloom) Taku (to cook) Maku (to sow) Raku (easy) Baku (curtain) Aku (to open) Haku (to wear)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing the 'u' too strongly like 'who'. In Japanese, it's very subtle.
Failing to distinguish the pitch from 履く or 掃く, though context usually clarifies.
Mixing up the 'h' sound with a 'f' sound.
Making the 'a' sound too long like 'cake'.
Not devoicing the final 'u' when followed by certain consonants.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 3/5

The kanji is distinct but easily confused with 'wear' or 'sweep'. Context is essential.

Escrita 3/5

Requires remembering the 'mouth' radical and the right-side component correctly.

Expressão oral 2/5

Easy to pronounce, but requires knowing which meaning is intended.

Audição 3/5

Hard to distinguish from homophones without clear context.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

口 (Mouth) 息 (Breath) 飲む (To drink) 出す (To put out) 病気 (Illness)

Aprenda a seguir

戻す (To return/vomit) 吸う (To inhale) 嘘 (Lie) 弱音 (Weakness) 吐き気 (Nausea)

Avançado

嘔吐 (Vomiting) 吐露 (Expression) 白状 (Confession) 溜飲 (Relief) 阿鼻叫喚 (Agony)

Gramática essencial

Godan Verb Conjugation (-ku)

吐く -> 吐いた (Past), 吐かない (Negative)

Causative Form (force someone to do)

犯人に本当のことを吐かせる。

Potential Form (can do)

気分が悪くて何も吐けない。

Compound Verbs with -dasu

心の内を吐き出す。

Noun + ga suru (describing sensations)

吐き気がする。

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

Exemplos por nível

昨日、お酒を飲みすぎて吐きました。

Yesterday, I drank too much and vomited.

Uses the polite past tense '吐きました'.

息をゆっくり吐いてください。

Please breathe out slowly.

Uses the te-form + kudasai for a request.

気分が悪くて、吐きそうです。

I feel sick and I'm about to throw up.

Uses the 'sou' ending to indicate 'about to'.

赤ちゃんがミルクを吐きました。

The baby spit up milk.

Direct object 'milk' with particle 'wo'.

ここで吐かないでください。

Please do not vomit here.

Negative te-form + kudasai for a prohibition.

彼は外で唾を吐いた。

He spat outside.

Informal past tense 'haita'.

深呼吸をして、息を吐きます。

Take a deep breath and exhale.

Polite present tense 'hakimasu'.

吐いた後、水を飲みました。

After vomiting, I drank some water.

Uses 'haita ato' to mean 'after doing'.

車酔いで吐いてしまいました。

I ended up vomiting because of car sickness.

Uses 'te-shimatta' to express regret.

吐き気がするので、少し休みます。

I feel nauseous, so I'll rest for a bit.

Uses the noun 'hakike' with 'suru'.

嘘を吐くのは良くないことです。

Telling lies is a bad thing.

Uses the dictionary form as a noun phrase with 'no wa'.

お腹が痛くて、全部吐いた。

My stomach hurt, and I threw up everything.

Informal past tense 'haita'.

袋の中に息を吐いてください。

Please breathe into the bag.

Particle 'ni' indicates the destination of the breath.

彼はあまり弱音を吐きません。

He doesn't often complain or show weakness.

Idiomatic use of 'yowane wo haku'.

食べすぎると吐くことがあります。

Sometimes you vomit if you eat too much.

Uses 'koto ga aru' to indicate something happens sometimes.

冷たい空気を吸って、温かい息を吐く。

Inhale cold air and exhale warm breath.

Contrasting 'suu' (inhale) and 'haku' (exhale).

警察は犯人に本当のことを吐かせた。

The police made the criminal spit out the truth.

Causative form 'hakaseta'.

彼女はいつも他人の悪口を吐いている。

She is always spitting out bad things about others.

Progressive form 'te-iru' for a habit.

辛いときは弱音を吐いてもいいんだよ。

It's okay to vent your frustrations when things are tough.

Uses 'te-mo ii' for permission.

ストレスを吐き出すためにカラオケに行った。

I went to karaoke to vent my stress.

Compound verb 'hakidasu' for venting.

彼は酒の勢いで秘密を吐いてしまった。

He ended up blurting out the secret under the influence of alcohol.

Metaphorical use for revealing secrets.

毒を吐くようなコメントがネットに溢れている。

Comments that spit venom are overflowing on the internet.

Idiomatic 'doku wo haku' (spitting venom).

吐き気止めの薬を飲んだら楽になった。

I felt better after taking anti-nausea medication.

Compound noun 'hakikedome'.

彼は一気に溜まっていた不満を吐き出した。

He vented all his pent-up frustrations at once.

Focus on the intensity of 'hakidasu'.

工場が黒い煙を空に吐き出している。

The factory is belching black smoke into the sky.

Metaphorical use for inanimate objects.

彼は吐き捨てるように「関係ない」と言った。

He said 'It's none of your business' as if spitting it out.

Compound verb 'hakisuteru' for speaking with contempt.

激しい運動の後は、荒い息を吐いていた。

After the intense exercise, he was breathing heavily.

Describing the quality of breath.

そのドラマのセリフは、心に毒を吐くようだった。

The lines in that drama were like spitting venom into the heart.

Simile using 'you da'.

彼は自分の非を認め、ついにすべてを吐いた。

He admitted his fault and finally spat everything out.

Context of confession and admitting guilt.

火口から溶岩が吐き出されている。

Lava is being spewed out from the crater.

Passive potential or descriptive 'hakidasarete-iru'.

どんなに苦しくても、彼は弱音を吐かなかった。

No matter how painful it was, he didn't utter a single complaint.

Negative past tense 'hakanakatta'.

彼は吐き気と戦いながら、スピーチを続けた。

He continued his speech while fighting back nausea.

Using 'nagara' for simultaneous actions.

彼は自らの過去を吐露するように語り始めた。

He began to speak as if pouring out his past.

Related high-level verb 'toro suru' (to express/pour out).

文学とは、魂の叫びを吐き出す行為である。

Literature is the act of vomiting out the cries of the soul.

Philosophical/abstract usage.

その政治家は、国民に対して暴言を吐き散らした。

That politician spewed out abusive language toward the citizens.

Compound verb 'hakichirasu' (to spew around).

彼は死に際に、真実を吐き残した。

On his deathbed, he left behind the truth (by spitting it out).

Compound verb 'hakinokosu'.

現代社会の歪みが、若者の言葉となって吐き出される。

The distortions of modern society are spat out as the words of the youth.

Passive voice 'hakidasareru' in a sociological context.

彼は嫌悪感を込めて、地面に唾を吐き捨てた。

Filled with disgust, he spat on the ground and turned away.

Descriptive compound 'hakisuteru'.

その機械は、エラーコードを次々と吐き出している。

The machine is spitting out error codes one after another.

Technical/metaphorical usage.

彼は心の内をすべて吐き出し、ようやく安堵した。

He vented everything in his heart and finally felt relieved.

Focus on psychological relief.

万葉集の歌人は、自然への畏敬の念を歌に吐き出した。

The poets of the Man'yoshu poured their awe of nature into their poems.

Literary/historical context.

地の底から湧き上がる情熱を、彼はキャンバスに吐き付けた。

He spat the passion welling up from the depths of the earth onto the canvas.

Artistic/forceful compound 'hakitsukeru'.

その老人は、時代の変遷を吐き捨てるように嘆いた。

The old man lamented the transition of the eras with a spitting tone of contempt.

Nuanced emotional description.

虚無の深淵から吐き出されたような、不気味な声が聞こえた。

A creepy voice was heard, as if spat out from the abyss of nothingness.

High-level metaphorical/horror context.

彼は自らの臓腑を吐き出すかのような、凄まじい熱演を見せた。

He gave a terrifyingly powerful performance, as if vomiting out his own internal organs.

Visceral metaphorical description.

都市の騒音が、地下鉄の入り口から吐き出されてくる。

The noise of the city comes spewing out from the subway entrance.

Metaphorical personification of a space.

彼は過去の呪縛を吐き出すべく、長い沈黙を破った。

In order to purge the curse of his past, he broke his long silence.

Uses 'beku' (in order to).

その文体は、作者の毒を吐き散らしたような鋭さがあった。

The writing style had a sharpness, as if the author had spat venom all over it.

Critical analysis of style.

Colocações comuns

息を吐く

弱音を吐く

嘘を吐く

毒を吐く

唾を吐く

血を吐く

本音を吐く

暴言を吐く

煙を吐く

泥を吐く

Frases Comuns

吐き気がする

— To feel nauseous or sick to the stomach. It's a set phrase.

バスに酔って吐き気がする。

全部吐く

— To vomit everything or to confess everything. Context depends on the situation.

食べたものを全部吐いた。

溜息を吐く

— To let out a sigh. Often written as 'ため息をつく', but '吐く' is also used.

彼は大きな溜息を吐いた。

吐き出す

— To spit out or breathe out forcefully. Can also mean to vent emotions.

心の中の思いをすべて吐き出す。

吐きそう

— To feel like one is about to vomit. Very common in casual speech.

飲みすぎて、もう吐きそう。

吐かせる

— To make someone vomit or to force a confession.

犯人に真実を吐かせる。

吐き捨てる

— To spit something out and discard it, or to say something contemptuously.

彼は地面にガムを吐き捨てた。

吐き戻す

— To vomit back up something that was swallowed.

食べたばかりのものを吐き戻した。

吐く息

— The exhaled breath. Used in medical or poetic contexts.

冬の朝、吐く息が白い。

毒を吐き散らす

— To say nasty things to everyone around. Very negative.

彼は周りに毒を吐き散らしている。

Frequentemente confundido com

吐く vs 履く

Sounds the same but means 'to wear' shoes or pants. Written with 履.

吐く vs 掃く

Sounds the same but means 'to sweep' with a broom. Written with 掃.

吐く vs 刷く

Sounds the same but means 'to brush' or 'to print'. Written with 刷.

Expressões idiomáticas

"弱音を吐く"

— To show weakness by complaining or giving up. A key cultural idiom.

彼はどんな困難にも弱音を吐かない。

Neutral

"毒を吐く"

— To say harsh, critical, or malicious things. Spitting venom.

彼女はニコニコしながら毒を吐く。

Informal

"血を吐くような"

— Describing an effort so intense it feels like vomiting blood. Extremely hard work.

血を吐くような努力をして合格した。

Literary

"吐き捨てるように言う"

— To say something in a very cold, dismissive, or disgusted manner.

彼は「二度と来るな」と吐き捨てるように言った。

Literary

"嘘を吐く"

— To tell a lie. While 'tsuku' is more common, 'haku' is used in specific contexts.

嘘を吐くと後で困るよ。

Neutral

"反吐が出る"

— To be so disgusted that it makes one want to vomit. Extremely repulsive.

彼の卑怯なやり方には反吐が出る。

Strong/Informal

"泥を吐かせる"

— To force someone to reveal their hidden wrongdoings or secrets.

汚職役人に泥を吐かせる。

Journalistic

"溜飲を下げる"

— To feel relieved after venting or seeing justice done. Related to the 'vomit' sensation of relief.

不満を吐き出して溜飲を下げた。

Formal

"阿鼻叫喚"

— A state of agonizing distress. While not using 'haku', it relates to the visceral sounds of 'haku'.

事故現場は阿鼻叫喚の地獄だった。

Formal

"煮え湯を飲まされる"

— To be betrayed by someone you trust. Often leads to 'poison' being 'spat out' later.

信じていた友人に煮え湯を飲まされた。

Neutral

Fácil de confundir

吐く vs 戻す

Both mean to vomit.

戻す is a polite euphemism, 吐く is direct and can be graphic. Use 戻す in social settings.

トイレで戻してきました。

吐く vs つく

Both used with 'uso' (lie).

嘘をつく is the standard phrase for lying. 嘘を吐く implies 'spitting out' a lie or confessing.

嘘をついてはいけません。

吐く vs 吸う

Both are breathing actions.

吸う is to inhale (take in), 吐く is to exhale (put out).

息を吸って。

吐く vs 吹く

Both involve air from the mouth.

吹く is to blow (often with a specific target like a candle), 吐く is to exhale (biological).

風が吹く。

吐く vs 漏らす

Both involve letting something out.

漏らす is to leak (unintentionally), 吐く is to eject or verbalize forcefully.

秘密を漏らす。

Padrões de frases

[Noun] を吐きます。

息を吐きます。

[Noun] が吐きそうです。

食べたものが吐きそうです。

[Noun] を吐き出す。

不満を吐き出す。

[Person] に [Information] を吐かせる。

犯人に秘密を吐かせる。

[Noun] を吐き捨てるように [Verb]。

暴言を吐き捨てるように言った。

[Noun] を吐き散らす。

毒を吐き散らす。

吐き気がする。

朝から吐き気がする。

弱音を吐く。

彼は弱音を吐かない。

Família de palavras

Substantivos

吐き気 (Hakike - Nausea)

嘔吐 (Outo - Vomiting/Emesis)

吐瀉物 (Toshabutsu - Vomitus/Excreta)

Verbos

吐き出す (Hakidasu - To spit out/vent)

吐き捨てる (Hakisuteru - To spit out/say contemptuously)

吐き戻す (Hakimodosu - To vomit back up)

Adjetivos

吐き気がする (Hakike ga suru - Nauseating/Feeling sick)

Relacionado

戻す (Modosu - To return/vomit)

吐露 (Toro - Expression/Confession)

呼吸 (Kokyuu - Breathing)

嘘 (Uso - Lie)

弱音 (Yowane - Complaints)

Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos

Como usar

frequency

High (essential for health and breathing instructions)

Erros comuns

Using 吐く for wearing shoes. → 靴を履く (kutsu wo haku)
This is the most common homophone error. 吐く (vomit) and 履く (wear) sound identical. Always use the correct kanji to avoid saying you 'vomited shoes'.
Saying '吐きたい' for feeling sick. → 吐き気がする (hakike ga suru)
Japanese people don't usually say they 'want to' vomit. They say they 'have the feeling of' vomiting. 'Hakitai' sounds like you are intentionally trying to be sick.
Using 吐く in a formal business apology. → 戻してしまいました (modoshite shimaimashita)
吐く is too direct and graphic for formal situations. Using the euphemism '戻す' (modosu) shows better social awareness and politeness.
Confusing 吐く with 掃く (to sweep). → 床を掃く (yuka wo haku)
Another homophone error. If you say '床を吐く', it sounds like you vomited on the floor instead of cleaning it with a broom.
Using 吐く for 'to breathe' generally. → 呼吸する (kokyuu suru)
吐く only means 'to exhale'. If you want to talk about the entire process of breathing, you must use the correct medical/general term 'kokyuu'.

Dicas

The 'H' Sound

Remember that Haku starts with H, just like 'Heave' (vomit) and 'Huff' (exhale). This simple connection helps you remember both the negative and neutral meanings of the word.

Mouth + Earth

The kanji 吐 shows a mouth (口) and earth/soil (土). Imagine someone vomiting onto the ground. This visual makes it easy to remember the kanji and its primary meaning.

Use 'Modosu' for Grace

In social or professional settings, always use '戻す' (modosu) instead of '吐く'. It's like the difference between saying 'I was sick' and 'I puked' in English. It shows you are considerate of your audience.

Master 'Yowane'

Learn '弱音を吐く' (yowane wo haku). It's a key phrase for describing someone who is giving up or complaining. It's very common in anime and workplace conversations.

Nausea is a State

Don't say 'I want to vomit.' Use '吐き気がする' (hakike ga suru). In Japanese, nausea is something that 'does' or 'happens' to you, rather than something you 'are' or 'want'.

Slang 'Gero'

If you're with close friends and want to sound very casual (or a bit gross), you can use 'ゲロを吐く'. It's the equivalent of 'to barf'. Just don't use it around your teacher!

Yoga Practice

Practice saying 'haite' (exhale) and 'suute' (inhale) while doing stretches. Linking the words to the physical actions will cement them in your long-term memory.

Context Clues

When you hear 'haku', look at the person's feet. If they are talking about shoes, it's 履く. If they look sick, it's 吐く. Context is your best friend with homophones.

Venting Emotions

Use '吐き出す' (hakidasu) when you want to describe someone getting their feelings off their chest. It sounds much more natural and emotional than the simple '吐く'.

Kanji Radical

Always check for the 'mouth' (口) radical. If the kanji has a different radical, it's not the word for vomit or exhale. This is the fastest way to verify your writing.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of the 'H' in Haku as the sound someone makes when they are about to 'Heave' (vomit) or 'Huff' (exhale).

Associação visual

Imagine a mouth (口) with something being pushed out onto the ground (土). This matches the two parts of the kanji 吐.

Word Web

Mouth Vomit Breath Lie Confession Nausea Sick Exhale

Desafio

Try to use 吐く in three different sentences today: one about health, one about breathing during exercise, and one about a character in a book 'spitting out' a secret.

Origem da palavra

The word 吐く comes from Old Japanese. The kanji 吐 is a phono-semantic compound where the radical 口 (mouth) provides the meaning and the right side provides the phonetic component, though it also carries the sense of 'earth' or 'standing'.

Significado original: To spit out, to eject from the mouth, or to speak out.

Japonic

Contexto cultural

Vomiting is a graphic topic. Use '戻す' (modosu) in polite company to be more sensitive to your listeners.

In English, we use different verbs for these actions (vomit, exhale, confess). Japanese uses one verb, showing a different conceptual grouping of mouth-related actions.

The phrase '弱音を吐く' appears in countless anime themes about perseverance. Interrogation scenes in 'Detective Conan' often feature '吐け！' (Confess!). Yoga manuals in Japan always use '息を吐く' for exhalation.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

At a Hospital

いつ吐きましたか？
吐き気はありますか？
血を吐きましたか？
吐き気止めをください。

During Exercise

鼻から息を吐いて。
ゆっくり吐き出します。
息を止めずに吐く。
最後まで吐き切る。

After Drinking

大丈夫？吐きそう？
トイレで吐いてくる。
全部吐いたら楽になった。
もう吐きたくない。

In a Police Drama

全部吐け！
本当のことを吐け。
まだ吐かないのか？
あいつがついに吐いた。

Expressing Feelings

弱音を吐かないで。
毒を吐くのはやめて。
不満を吐き出す。
本音を吐く。

Iniciadores de conversa

"車に酔いやすいですか？吐き気がしたことはありますか？"

"ヨガをするとき、呼吸（吸う・吐く）を意識していますか？"

"疲れたとき、誰かに弱音を吐くことができますか？"

"お酒で失敗して、外で吐いてしまったことはありますか？"

"嘘を吐いた後、どんな気持ちになりますか？"

Temas para diário

最近、ストレスを吐き出すために何をしたか書いてください。

「弱音を吐く」ことについて、あなたの考えを日本語で説明してください。

体調が悪くて吐いてしまった時の経験を日記に書いてください。

誰かに「毒を吐かれた」時のエピソードとその時の感情を書いてください。

深呼吸（息を吸って吐くこと）が心に与える影響について考えてみましょう。

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

It's not a swear word, but because it refers to a graphic biological function, it can be unpleasant in social settings. In those cases, Japanese people prefer the euphemism '戻す' (modosu), which means 'to return'. For example, instead of saying 'I vomited,' you would say 'I returned it.' This is much more polite and common in professional or formal environments.

No, 吐く specifically means 'to exhale' (breathe out). To 'breathe' in general, you should use the verb '呼吸する' (kokyuu suru). If you want to say 'inhale,' use '吸う' (suu). So, a full breath is '吸って吐く' (inhaling and exhaling). Using 吐く alone only covers half of the breathing process.

吐く is the general verb for vomiting or exhaling. 吐き出す (hakidasu) is a compound verb that emphasizes the act of 'putting it out' completely or forcefully. It is often used metaphorically for 'venting' emotions or 'spitting out' words. For example, '心の内を吐き出す' means to pour out your heart, whereas '吐く' would sound too simple or physical.

The most common and natural way is to use the phrase '吐き気がする' (hakike ga suru). 'Hakike' is the noun for 'nausea' or 'the urge to vomit.' You should avoid saying '吐きたい' (hikitai - I want to vomit) unless you are literally trying to induce vomiting, as it sounds strange in Japanese to 'want' to be sick.

It is used, but '嘘をつく' (uso wo tsuku) is far more common in daily Japanese. '嘘を吐く' (uso wo haku) carries a slightly different nuance, sometimes implying that the lie is being 'spat out' or confessed. You will see '嘘を吐く' in literature or certain idioms, but for everyday conversation, stick with '嘘をつく'.

Yes, it can be used metaphorically. For example, a factory chimney '吐く' smoke (煙を吐く), or a volcano '吐き出す' lava. In computer science, a program might '吐き出す' (output/spit out) an error log. This personification of machines or nature 'spitting' things out is quite common in descriptive Japanese.

It literally means 'to spit out weak sounds.' Culturally, it refers to complaining, whining, or admitting that something is too difficult. In a society that values 'gaman' (perseverance), '弱音を吐く' is often seen as a sign of weakness, but it is also recognized as a necessary release of stress. It's a very common idiomatic expression.

This is a strong idiom that means 'to be disgusted' or 'to feel like vomiting' from revulsion. 'Hedo' is an old word for vomit. It's similar to the English expression 'It makes me sick.' For example, '彼の態度には反吐が出る' (His attitude makes me sick). It's quite informal and strong, so use it carefully.

Yes, absolutely. It is one of the most common words in a Japanese yoga class. The instructor will constantly say '息を吐いて' (breath out) to guide your movements. It is often paired with '吸って' (suute - breathe in). Mastering these two words is essential if you want to follow physical instructions in Japanese.

As a Godan verb ending in -ku, you change the 'u' to 'e' and add 'ru'. So, 吐く (haku) becomes 吐ける (hakeru). This means 'can vomit' or 'can exhale.' For example, '鼻から息が吐けない' (I can't breathe out through my nose). It is less commonly used for vomiting itself unless describing a physical inability.

Cadastre-se grátis para ver dicas e notas