The word '颠簸' vividly describes bumpy, jolting motion or the unstable ups and downs of life.
Palavra em 30 segundos
- Describes rough, jolting, or unstable movement.
- Often relates to bumpy rides in vehicles.
- Can metaphorically mean life's ups and downs.
Overview
“颠簸” (diān bǒ) 是一个形容词，生动地描绘了物体在运动过程中经历的不平稳、摇晃的状态。这种晃动通常是由于外部环境的不稳定，比如崎岖不平的路面、剧烈的气流变化，或者是物体自身结构的问题。它最常见的应用场景是描述乘坐交通工具时的不适感，让乘客感到身体被上下或前后地抛掷。除了物理上的晃动，这个词还可以被引申，用来比喻生活、事业或情感上的起伏不定、不稳定，充满了挑战和不确定性。
“颠簸” 主要用作形容词，修饰名词，如“颠簸的路”、“颠簸的旅程”。它也可以作为动词的补语，描述动作的结果，例如“汽车在泥泞的道路上颠簸着前进”。在引申义上，它常与“生活”、“命运”、“事业”等名词搭配，表示经历艰难和起伏。
交通工具：描述汽车、火车、船只、飞机等在行驶过程中因路况、天气等原因造成的不平稳状态。例如：“山路崎岖，汽车一路颠簸。”
身体感受：形容因不平稳运动带来的不适感。例如：“长时间的颠簸让我感到头晕。”
“起伏”多用于比喻，形容事物发展过程中的高低、曲折、变化，如“生活中的起伏”。它也可以指地势的高低，如“山峦起伏”。“颠簸”在引申义上与“起伏”相似，但“颠簸”更侧重于过程中的不稳定和艰难，而“起伏”更中性地描述变化。
“跌宕”常用于文学或音乐，形容情节、旋律的曲折变化、跌宕起伏，也用于形容人的性情或生活遭遇的曲折。它比“颠簸”更具文学色彩，并且强调的是变化的多样性和戏剧性。
“摇晃”更侧重于物体左右或前后摆动的动作，不一定强调路面不平或剧烈程度，可以指轻微的晃动，如“风吹得树枝摇晃”。而“颠簸”通常包含更强的冲击感和不平稳感，常与颠躓、起伏相关。
“震动”指物体因受冲击或内部原因而产生的快速、剧烈的振动。它强调的是振动的频率和幅度，不一定包含方向性的晃动，如“机器运行时会产生震动”。“颠簸”则更侧重于整体的不平稳运动。
Exemplos
这条盘山公路非常颠簸，我们坐车的时候感觉很不舒服。
everydayThis winding mountain road is very bumpy; we felt quite uncomfortable when riding in the car.
尽管创业初期充满了颠簸和挑战，但他从未想过放弃。
formalAlthough the early stages of entrepreneurship were full of jolts and challenges, he never considered giving up.
这辆老旧的公交车开起来特别颠簸，每次坐都像在坐过山车。
informalThis old bus is particularly bumpy to ride, feels like a roller coaster every time.
在穿越沙漠的航行中，船体经历了数日的颠簸。
academicDuring the voyage across the desert, the ship experienced several days of pitching and rolling.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
一路颠簸
bumpy all the way
颠簸不平
bumpy and uneven
颠簸的人生
a turbulent life
Frequentemente confundido com
'摇晃' describes a more general swaying or shaking motion, which can be gentle or strong. '颠簸' specifically implies a rough, jolting movement often caused by uneven surfaces or turbulence, carrying a stronger sense of instability and impact.
'震动' refers to vibration, a rapid back-and-forth movement. '颠簸' is about the overall unstable motion of an object, often involving larger displacements and changes in direction, rather than just rapid shaking.
Padrões gramaticais
How to Use It
Notas de uso
Primarily used as an adjective to describe physical motion or, metaphorically, life experiences. It conveys a sense of instability and discomfort. The context usually clarifies whether it's literal (e.g., a bumpy road) or figurative (e.g., a turbulent career). Be mindful of the intensity; '颠簸' suggests more than just a slight wobble.
Erros comuns
Learners might overuse '颠簸' for very minor shakes or wobbles where a word like '摇晃' (sway) would be more appropriate. Also, ensure the context supports the intended meaning, whether physical or metaphorical.
Tips
Visualize the Motion
Imagine a car hitting potholes or a plane encountering turbulence. This physical sensation is what '颠簸' captures.
Avoid Overuse for Minor Shakes
While it means bumpy, '颠簸' implies a significant level of instability. Use '摇晃' for gentler movements.
Resilience in Adversity
The metaphorical use of '颠簸' to describe life's challenges reflects a cultural understanding that resilience is key to navigating difficulties.
Origem da palavra
The character '颠' originally referred to the top of the head or to overturn, suggesting an unstable or high position. '簸' relates to shaking or winnowing grain, implying a vigorous, back-and-forth motion. Combined, they vividly describe a state of being tossed about.
Contexto cultural
The metaphorical use of '颠簸' for life's struggles aligns with the common cultural theme of perseverance and resilience in the face of adversity, acknowledging that smooth sailing is rare.
Dica de memorização
Think of '颠' (diān) as 'up and down' and '簸' (bǒ) as 'shaking'. Together, they paint a picture of a rough, jolting ride.
Perguntas frequentes
4 perguntas“颠簸”强调的是由于不平坦表面或不稳定环境造成的剧烈、不平稳的晃动，常带有冲击感。而“摇晃”则更广泛，可以指任何方向的摆动，包括轻微的晃动，不一定有强烈的冲击力。
“颠簸”可以用在描述交通工具（如汽车、飞机）的行驶状态，也可以引申形容生活、事业中的起伏不定，充满了挑战和不确定性。
“颠簸”本身是中性词，描述一种状态。但在具体语境中，它常用来表达不舒适、不顺利的感受，因此带有一定的负面含义，尤其是在描述旅途或生活经历时。
你可以说“这条山路非常颠簸，开车需要格外小心”，或者“人生的道路并非一帆风顺，总会经历一些颠簸。”
Teste-se
由于天气原因，飞机在起飞后不久就开始______。
飞机在空中遇到气流不稳时，会产生上下、前后的晃动，用“颠簸”最能形容这种不平稳的状态。
“人生的道路充满了______，但我们依然要勇往直前。”
在这里，“颠簸”用来比喻人生道路上的困难、挫折和不稳定，符合其引申义用法。
词语：颠簸，路面，崎岖
选项c清晰地表达了因果关系：崎岖的路面（原因）导致了汽车的颠簸（结果）。选项a和b虽然意思接近，但c的表述更完整和直接。
Pontuação: /3
Summary
The word '颠簸' vividly describes bumpy, jolting motion or the unstable ups and downs of life.
- Describes rough, jolting, or unstable movement.
- Often relates to bumpy rides in vehicles.
- Can metaphorically mean life's ups and downs.
Visualize the Motion
Imagine a car hitting potholes or a plane encountering turbulence. This physical sensation is what '颠簸' captures.
Avoid Overuse for Minor Shakes
While it means bumpy, '颠簸' implies a significant level of instability. Use '摇晃' for gentler movements.
Resilience in Adversity
The metaphorical use of '颠簸' to describe life's challenges reflects a cultural understanding that resilience is key to navigating difficulties.
Exemplos
4 de 4这条盘山公路非常颠簸，我们坐车的时候感觉很不舒服。
This winding mountain road is very bumpy; we felt quite uncomfortable when riding in the car.
尽管创业初期充满了颠簸和挑战，但他从未想过放弃。
Although the early stages of entrepreneurship were full of jolts and challenges, he never considered giving up.
这辆老旧的公交车开起来特别颠簸，每次坐都像在坐过山车。
This old bus is particularly bumpy to ride, feels like a roller coaster every time.
在穿越沙漠的航行中，船体经历了数日的颠簸。
During the voyage across the desert, the ship experienced several days of pitching and rolling.
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