A2 Adjectives & Adverbs 7 min read 简单

事物比较：“比……更大”句型 (أفعل من)

只需要记住 «أَفْعَل من» 这个万能公式，就能轻松搞定阿拉伯语的比较级，而且男女通用，不用担心变位！
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use the 'أفعل' (Af'al) pattern followed by 'من' (min) to compare two things in Arabic.

  • Use the pattern 'أفعل' (Af'al) for the adjective: أكبر (bigger).
  • Always follow the adjective with 'من' (min) meaning 'than'.
  • The noun being compared comes after 'min': أكبر من البيت (bigger than the house).
Subject + أفعل + من + Object

Overview

You probably already know the most famous Arabic comparative without even realizing it. Have you ever heard the phrase Allahu Akbar? That word أكبر (akbar) translates to greater or greatest.
That exact word shape is the golden key to comparing absolutely anything in Arabic. Whenever you want to say something is bigger, faster, cheaper, or prettier, you will use this exact pattern. It is the ultimate tool for picking sides in an argument, deciding which shawarma spot is superior, or upgrading your Tinder bio to claim you are
taller than your ex
.
In Arabic, making a comparative is incredibly satisfying because it follows a strict, predictable rhythm. You do not have to worry about adding random suffixes like in English. Instead, you reshape the original adjective into a sleek, four-letter template.
It sounds extremely natural, and native speakers use it constantly in everyday life. Whether you are scrolling through TikTok debates about Messi versus Ronaldo, texting a friend about a cheaper Uber ride, or just trying to navigate a bustling market, you need this pattern. The best part?
It is a massive relief for learners because it strips away a lot of complex grammar rules. It is one of the few places in Arabic where you can relax and just plug words into a formula.

How This Grammar Works

Think of the Arabic comparative as a linguistic blender. You cannot just take an English word like more and stick it next to an adjective. Instead, you take the original Arabic adjective, strip it completely down to its bare bones—its three root letters—and then pour those letters into a special mold.
That mold is the pattern أَفْعَل (af'al). Once your root letters are in this mold, you just add the word مِن (min), which means than. Presto!
You have a full comparison.
Politeness Levels
  • Formal (MSA): هذا أطولُ من ذاك (Hatha atwalu min thak). Perfectly pronounced vowels.
  • Casual/Street: دا أطول من دا (Da atwal min da). No ending vowels, extremely fast.
Memory Trick
Think of A-F-A-L as
Always Find A Letter
. You start with an A (أ), then F (first root letter), A (fatha vowel), and L (last root letter). Or just remember the sigh of relief you make when you fall into bed: Ah, Fall! (أفعل).
Another beautiful secret about this grammar rule: it completely ignores gender. Yes, you read that right. In a language obsessed with making everything masculine or feminine, the أفعل pattern does not care.
A man is أكبر (akbar), a woman is أكبر, and a group of a thousand people is still أكبر. It is the great equalizer of Arabic grammar.

Formation Pattern

1
Building these comparatives is like assembling Lego bricks. Follow these exact steps to transform any regular 3-letter adjective into its comparative form.
2
Take your base adjective. Let's use كبير (kabeer / big).
3
Extract the three root consonants. Strip away the vowels and extra letters. You get K - B - R (ك - ب - ر).
4
Add an Alif with a Hamza أ (a) at the very beginning.
5
Attach your first root letter with a sukun (a pause). Now you have أكْـ (ak-).
6
Attach your second root letter with a fatha (a short 'a' sound). Now you have أكْبَـ (akba-).
7
Attach your final root letter. You get أكْبَر (akbar)!
8
Here is what it looks like in practice. Notice the rhythm:
9
Form | Example | Translation
10
--- | --- | ---
11
Pattern | أَفْعَل من | af'al min (more ... than)
12
Regular | أطول من | atwal min (taller than)
13
Regular | أصغر من | asghar min (smaller than)
14
Double letter | أجدّ من | ajadd min (newer than)
15
Weak letter | أحلى من | ahla min (sweeter/prettier than)
16
Progressive Practice
17
Start simple: Take صغير (small). Roots: ص - غ - ر. Pattern: أصغر (asghar).
18
Level up: Take جديد (new). Wait, the roots are ج - د - د. Two identical letters at the end! They smash together with a shadda: أجدّ (ajadd).
19
Boss fight: Take غالي (expensive). The last root is a weak letter (ي). It turns into an Alif Maqsura (ى) at the end: أغلى (aghla).

When To Use It

Use this rule anytime two things are facing off in a battle of qualities. It is your go-to structure for opinions, reviews, and daily choices. You will use it constantly on food delivery apps to claim one burger is tastier than another.
You will type it in Instagram captions to say the beach in Dubai is hotter than London.
Real Conversations
Scene: Ordering food with a friend.
Speaker 1: نجرب هذا المطعم؟ (Should we try this restaurant?)
Speaker 2: لا، المطعم اللبناني أحسن وأرخص. (No, the Lebanese restaurant is better and cheaper.)
Scene: Complaining about a Zoom job interview.
Speaker 1: كيف كانت المقابلة؟ (How was the interview?)
Speaker 2: الأسئلة كانت أصعب من المتوقع. (The questions were harder than expected.)
Whenever you are comparing two specific entities, من (min) acts as the bridge. If the context is painfully obvious, you can actually drop the من entirely. If someone hands you a tiny coffee and you want a large, you just say أريد أكبر (I want bigger).
The barista knows what you mean. You do not need to say
bigger than this tiny one
.

Common Mistakes

The Arabic comparative is forgiving, but it has a few strict boundaries that trap learners. The most famous trap is the Ta Marbuta trap. Because learners are so deeply trained to match gender in Arabic, they instinctively try to make the comparative feminine. If they are talking about a girl being taller, they might say هي أطولة من (Hiya atwala min). ✗ This is totally wrong! It sounds like nails on a chalkboard to an Arab ear. ✓ The correct way is هي أطول من (Hiya atwal min). The pattern أفعل is locked in stone. It never changes for gender or plural when followed by من.
Another massive trap involves colors. You cannot use the أفعل pattern for colors. Why? Because the أفعل pattern is already used just to name the basic colors! أحمر (ahmar) just means red. If you say هذا أحمر من ذاك, it doesn't mean redder, it just sounds confusing. To compare colors, you have to use a workaround. You use the word أشدّ (stronger) or أكثر (more) followed by the noun form of the color. So redder becomes أشد حمرة (stronger in redness). It sounds poetic, but it is just everyday grammar.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

It is easy to mix up the Comparative (أفعل من - bigger than) with the Superlative (الأفعل - the biggest). They use the exact same root pattern, but the grammar wrapping them is different. If you want to say

He is taller than you
, you say هو أطول منك (Huwa atwal minka). But if you want to say
He is the tallest
, you add ال (Al / The) to the front: هو الأطول (Huwa al-atwal). Notice that the من (than) disappears entirely in the superlative.

Also, contrast this with English. In English, we have two systems: we add -er for short words (bigger) and use more for long words (more beautiful). Arabic generally uses the -er style (أفعل) for almost all basic adjectives, regardless of length in translation. However, for Arabic adjectives that have too many root letters (like مزدحم - crowded), Arabic steals the English more style. You say أكثر ازدحاماً (more crowded). So Arabic actually uses both systems, but sorts them by root-letter count!

Quick FAQ

Q

Do I write the short vowel marks (harakat) when chatting online?

Nope! Real people typing on WhatsApp or Instagram never write the harakat. You just type اكبر and context does the rest.

Q

How do I say less than instead of more than?

You use the exact same system, but you use the word أقل (aqall), which means less, followed by the noun form. أقل جمالاً (less beautiful).

Q

Are there any irregular comparatives I should just memorize?

Yes! Good is جيد but better is usually أحسن (ahsan) or أفضل (afdal). Bad is سيء but worse is أسوأ (aswa'). Memorize these as they appear everywhere.

Q

Does this work in Egyptian or Levantine dialects?

Absolutely. The أفعل pattern is universally understood across all Arabic dialects. The pronunciation might get slightly lazier (dropping the glottal stop to sound like 'akbar instead of a sharp akbar), but the letters remain identical.

Comparative Formation Table

Adjective (Base) Root Comparative (Af'al) Meaning
كبير
ك-ب-ر
أكبر
Bigger
صغير
ص-غ-ر
أصغر
Smaller
سريع
س-ر-ع
أسرع
Faster
رخيص
ر-خ-ص
أرخص
Cheaper
طويل
ط-و-ل
أطول
Taller
قوي
ق-و-ي
أقوى
Stronger
جميل
ج-م-ل
أجمل
More beautiful
سهل
س-ه-ل
أسهل
Easier

Meanings

This grammar is used to express the comparative degree of adjectives, indicating that one noun possesses a quality to a greater extent than another.

1

Comparative

Comparing two distinct entities.

“أنا أطولُ من أخي.”

“القهوةُ ألذُّ من الشاي.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 事物比较：“比……更大”句型 (أفعل من)
词根 基础形容词 比较级形式 含义
ك - ب - ر
كبير (kabeer)
أكبر من (akbar min)
比...大
ص - غ - ر
صغير (sagheer)
أصغر من (asghar min)
比...小
ط - و - ل
طويل (taweel)
أطول من (atwal min)
比...长/高
ق - ص - ر
قصير (qaseer)
أقصر من (aqsar min)
比...短/矮
ج - م - ل
جميل (jameel)
أجمل من (ajmal min)
比...美
ح - س - ن
جيد (jayyid)
أحسن من (ahsan min)
比...好
غ - ل - ي
غالي (ghaali)
أغلى من (aghla min)
比...贵

正式程度

正式
هذا أفضل من ذاك.

هذا أفضل من ذاك. (General comparison)

中性
هذا أحسن من هذا.

هذا أحسن من هذا. (General comparison)

非正式
هذا أحسن من هاد.

هذا أحسن من هاد. (General comparison)

俚语
هاد أحسن من هاد.

هاد أحسن من هاد. (General comparison)

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按水平分级的例句

1

هذا أكبر من ذاك.

This is bigger than that.

2

أنا أطول من أخي.

I am taller than my brother.

3

القهوة ألذ من الشاي.

Coffee is tastier than tea.

4

البيت أصغر من المدرسة.

The house is smaller than the school.

1

هل هذا أرخص من ذلك؟

Is this cheaper than that?

2

السيارة أسرع من الدراجة.

The car is faster than the bike.

3

الطقس اليوم أبرد من أمس.

The weather today is colder than yesterday.

4

هذا الكتاب أفضل من ذاك.

This book is better than that one.

1

العمل في المكتب أكثر تعباً من العمل في البيت.

Working in the office is more tiring than working at home.

2

هذا الفيلم أكثر إثارة من الفيلم السابق.

This movie is more exciting than the previous one.

3

المدينة أكثر ازدحاماً في الصيف.

The city is more crowded in the summer.

4

هذا الحل أكثر منطقية من الحل الآخر.

This solution is more logical than the other one.

1

تعتبر هذه الشركة أكثر استقراراً من الشركات الأخرى.

This company is considered more stable than other companies.

2

كانت النتائج أفضل مما توقعنا.

The results were better than we expected.

3

هذا التحدي أصعب مما يبدو.

This challenge is harder than it seems.

4

الوضع الحالي أكثر تعقيداً من ذي قبل.

The current situation is more complex than before.

1

إنها أكثر ذكاءً مما يظن الجميع.

She is more intelligent than everyone thinks.

2

الواقع أكثر قسوة مما تصفه الرواية.

Reality is harsher than the novel describes it.

3

هذا القرار أكثر أهمية مما تتخيل.

This decision is more important than you imagine.

4

تعد هذه التقنية أكثر تطوراً من سابقاتها.

This technology is more advanced than its predecessors.

1

لا شيء أكثر إيلاماً من فقدان الأمل.

Nothing is more painful than losing hope.

2

تتجلى الحقيقة أكثر وضوحاً في لحظات الصمت.

The truth manifests more clearly in moments of silence.

3

هذا النص أكثر بلاغة من النصوص الكلاسيكية.

This text is more eloquent than the classical texts.

4

إنها أكثر دقة مما تطلبه المعايير الدولية.

It is more precise than what international standards require.

容易混淆

Comparing Things: The 'Bigger Than' Pattern (أفعل من) 对比 Comparative vs Superlative

Both use the Af'al form, leading to confusion in structure.

Comparing Things: The 'Bigger Than' Pattern (أفعل من) 对比 Af'al vs Aktar

Learners use 'aktar' for everything.

Comparing Things: The 'Bigger Than' Pattern (أفعل من) 对比 Adjective vs Noun

Using the noun form (e.g., 'kibr') instead of the adjective.

常见错误

✗

هذا أكبر ذاك

✓

هذا أكبر من ذاك

Missing the preposition 'min'.
✗

أكثر كبير

✓

أكبر

Using 'more' + adjective instead of the comparative form.
✗

هذا أكبر من هو

✓

هذا أكبر منه

Using a separate pronoun instead of a suffix.
✗

هذا كبر من ذاك

✓

هذا أكبر من ذاك

Using the noun 'size' instead of the comparative adjective.
✗

هذا أجمل من البيت

✓

هذا أجمل من البيت

Grammatically correct but contextually awkward if comparing two people.
✗

أسرع من السيارة

✓

أسرع من السيارة

Forgetting to define the subject.
✗

هذا أكثر غالي

✓

هذا أغلى

Using 'more' with an adjective that has a comparative form.
✗

أكثر حمرة من

✓

أكثر حمرة من

Correct, but learners often forget the accusative tanween.
✗

أفضل من لي

✓

أفضل مني

Incorrect prepositional suffix.
✗

أكبر من الذي

✓

أكبر مما

Using relative pronoun instead of 'ma' for abstract comparisons.
✗

أكثر ذكاء

✓

أكثر ذكاءً

Missing the tanween on the tamyiz.
✗

أفضل من كل شيء

✓

أفضل من أي شيء

Using 'kull' instead of 'ay' in negative/comparative contexts.
✗

أكثر قسوة من الواقع

✓

أكثر قسوةً من الواقع

Missing the accusative marker.

句型

___ أكبر من ___

هل ___ أسرع من ___؟

أنا أعتقد أن ___ أكثر ___ من ___.

___ هي أكثر ___ مما كنت أتوقع.

Real World Usage

Shopping very common

هذا أرخص من ذاك.

Social Media common

هذا المكان أجمل من الصور!

Job Interview common

أنا أكثر خبرة من المرشحين الآخرين.

Travel common

القطار أسرع من الحافلة.

Food Delivery occasional

هذه الوجبة ألذ من الوجبة السابقة.

Academic Writing constant

هذه النتائج أكثر دقة من النتائج السابقة.

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💡

省略 'Min'

如果大家都知道你在比什么，可以直接说 «أريد أكبر»（我要个更大的），不用非得加上‘比那个大’。
⚠️

颜色的特殊处理

千万别用这个模式直接说‘更红’。颜色要用 «أشد حمرة»（红得更厉害）这种表达方式。
💬

口语小窍门

虽然标准语读作 'akbar'，但在街头口语中，开头的 A 音往往会读得很轻，听起来和前面的词连在一起了。
🎯

一招走天下

太棒了！比较级形式是不随性别或复数变化的。无论是说一个男孩还是十个女孩，都用同一个词。

Smart Tips

Always check for the 'min' preposition.

هذا أكبر ذاك → هذا أكبر من ذاك

Use 'aktar' + adjective in accusative.

هذا أكثر تعقيد → هذا أكثر تعقيداً

Use 'afdal' (better) for general preferences.

أنا أحب القهوة أكثر من الشاي → القهوة أفضل من الشاي

Use the suffix pronoun with 'min'.

أنا أطول من هو → أنا أطول منه

发音

AK-bar

Stress

The stress usually falls on the first syllable of the Af'al form.

Rising

أكبر من ذاك؟ ↗

Used for questions.

记住它

记忆技巧

Remember 'Af'al' starts with 'A' like 'Above' the others.

视觉联想

Imagine a giant scale. On one side is a small box, on the other a huge box labeled 'أكبر'.

Rhyme

For 'more' you say 'Af'al', then 'min' you must tell.

Story

Ali wanted a bigger house. He looked at a small house and said, 'This is small.' Then he saw a mansion and said, 'This is Akbar (bigger) than the small one.' He added 'min' to make sure everyone knew he was comparing them.

Word Web

أكبرأصغرأسرعأرخصأفضلأطولأقوى

挑战

Find 3 items in your room and compare them using the 'Af'al' pattern out loud.

文化笔记

In spoken Levantine, 'أكتر' (aktar) is often used instead of the specific Af'al form for many adjectives.

Similar to Levantine, 'أكتر' is very common, though the Af'al form is still understood.

The Af'al form is strictly required in formal writing and media.

The elative form is a Proto-Semitic construction that has remained remarkably stable in Arabic.

对话开场白

“

أي مدينة أكبر، القاهرة أم دبي؟

“

هل القهوة ألذ من الشاي بالنسبة لك؟

“

هل تعتقد أن العمل في البيت أسهل من العمل في المكتب؟

“

ما هو أكثر شيء إثارة قمت به هذا العام؟

日记主题

قارن بين مدينتك ومدن أخرى زرتها.
تحدث عن كتاب أو فيلم أعجبك وقارنه بآخر.
قارن بين حياتك قبل خمس سنوات والآن.
ناقش الفرق بين التعلم التقليدي والتعلم عبر الإنترنت.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

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Test Yourself

请用 كبير (大) 的正确比较级形式填空。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
提取词根 (k-b-r) 并放入 af'al 模式，得到 أكبر (akbar)。
哪句话正确表达了‘萨拉比艾哈迈德矮’？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
比较级形式永远没有阴性结尾。即使是描述女孩，也用 أقصر (aqsar)。
找出并修正比较级形容词中的错误。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
去掉 Ta Marbuta！أفعل 模式不会因为主语是阴性而改变。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the comparative form.

البيت ___ من الغرفة (كبير).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أكبر
The Af'al form of kabeer is akbar.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: هذا أسرع من ذاك
Requires 'min'.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

هذا الكتاب أكثر جيد من ذاك.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: هذا الكتاب أفضل من ذاك
The comparative of good is 'afdal'.
Transform to comparative. Sentence Transformation

السيارة سريعة. (الدراجة)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: السيارة أسرع من الدراجة
Correct structure.
Match the adjective to its comparative. Match Pairs

Match: كبير, صغير, سريع

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أكبر, أصغر, أسرع
Correct mapping.
Select the correct comparative for 'difficult'. 多项选择

الدرس ___ من الدرس السابق.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أصعب
Af'al form of sa'b.
Fill in the missing word.

أنا أطول ___ أخي.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من
Comparative always uses 'min'.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

من / ذاك / هذا / أكبر

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: هذا أكبر من ذاك
Correct word order.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
用 قديم (古老) 的比较级填空。 填空

هذا الكتاب ___ من ذلك الكتاب.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أقدم
修正这个复数比较句中的错误。 Error Correction

الطلاب الجدد أذكياء من الطلاب القدامى.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: الطلاب الجدد أذكى من الطلاب القدامى.
如何说‘我的手机比你的好’？ 多项选择

选择正确的翻译：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: هاتفي أحسن من هاتفك.
将‘咖啡比茶好喝’翻译成阿拉伯语。 翻译

咖啡比茶好喝。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: القهوة ألذ من الشاي.
将形容词‘美丽’ (جميل) 与其正确的比较级配对。 Match Pairs

选择正确的变换：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: جميل -> أجمل
连词成句：‘我比我哥哥高。’ Sentence Reorder

排序这些词块：[من] [أنا] [أخي] [أطول]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أنا أطول من أخي
填入‘更甜/更美’ (حلو) 的比较级。 填空

العربية ___ من الفرنسية!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أحلى
修正比较颜色时的错误。 Error Correction

التفاحة أحمر من البرتقالة.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: التفاحة أشد حمرة من البرتقالة.
哪个短语隐含了比较但没用 'min'？ 多项选择

选择表示‘我要个更大的杯子’的短语：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أريد كوب أكبر.
翻译：‘比...更差’ 翻译

选择‘比...更差’的正确短语：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أسوأ من
选择正确的介词来表示‘比’。 填空

هو أغنى ___ الملك.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من
将基础形容词与其比较级配对。 Match Pairs

选择‘便宜’ (رخيص) 的正确配对：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: رخيص -> أرخص

Score: /12

常见问题 (8)

Technically, yes, but it sounds less natural for simple adjectives. Use 'Af'al' when possible.

Colors usually use 'aktar' + the color in the accusative case, e.g., 'أكثر حمرة'.

Yes, in comparative sentences. It is the marker of comparison.

That is the superlative, which uses a different structure: 'أفضل' + definite noun.

Arabic roots are very stable, but some adjectives have irregular comparative forms.

Yes, it is very professional to use the comparative to describe your skills.

Yes, it is very common in casual texting.

Yes, some dialects prefer 'aktar' over the 'Af'al' form.

Scaffolded Practice

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Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish partial

más + adjective + que

Arabic modifies the adjective itself, Spanish does not.

French partial

plus + adjective + que

Arabic changes the word root, French adds a word.

German high

adjective + -er + als

Arabic prefix vs German suffix.

Japanese low

A wa B yori [adjective]

Japanese word order is strictly SOV with particles.

Chinese low

A bi B [adjective]

Chinese comparison is a verb-based structure.

Arabic native

Af'al min

N/A

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
阿拉伯语序数：第一、第二、第三 (الأول, الثاني)
Next
最高级：最大与最好 (الأَفْعَل 模式)

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