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C1 adjective 7分钟阅读

جنگی

jangi
例句 笔记与提示 جنگی 30秒了解
解析 جنگی in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'jangi' comes from 'jang' (war). You might see it in simple phrases like 'war movie' (film-e jangi) or 'war plane' (havapeyma-ye jangi). It works just like a color or a simple description. It comes after the noun. Think of it as 'war-type'. If you see a big plane with guns, it is a 'havapeyma-ye jangi'. If you see a movie with soldiers, it is a 'film-e jangi'.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'jangi' to describe more things you see in the news. You might learn 'asir-e jangi' (prisoner of war) or 'kashti-ye jangi' (warship). You should understand that it is an adjective and needs the Ezafe (the 'e' sound) to connect to the noun. You can use it to talk about history in a simple way, like 'In the past, there was a war period' (Doran-e jangi).
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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'jangi' in more complex sentences about society and history. You can talk about 'tajhizat-e jangi' (war equipment) or 'ghanimat-e jangi' (spoils of war). You also start to see it in metaphors, like 'rouhieh-ye jangi' (fighting spirit) in sports. You should be able to distinguish it from 'nezami' (military) in basic contexts, knowing that 'jangi' is more about the fight itself.
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At the B2 level, you should use 'jangi' in formal discussions. You will encounter 'jenayat-e jangi' (war crimes) and 'vazeiyat-e jangi' (state of war). You should be able to read news articles that use this word to describe regional tensions. You understand that 'jangi' is used for the specific tools and actions of combat, while 'nezami' is used for the organization. You can also use it to describe the 'atmosphere' (faza) of a place.
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At the C1 level, you must master the nuances of 'jangi' in legal, political, and literary contexts. You should be comfortable discussing 'ghavanin-e jangi' (laws of armed conflict) and 'ahdaf-e jangi' (military/war objectives). You can use it to analyze literature, describing a character's 'jangi' nature or the 'jangi' themes in a poem. You understand the historical weight the word carries in Persian culture, especially regarding the Iran-Iraq war.
At the C2 level, 'jangi' is a tool for precise expression. You can use it to discuss the philosophy of war, the ethics of 'jenayat-e jangi', and the intricate 'tactics' (taktik-haye jangi) used in historical battles. You can distinguish between 'jangi', 'razmi', 'nezami', and 'setizeh-jouyaneh' with perfect accuracy. You understand how the word is used in classical Persian prose versus modern journalistic Farsi, and you can use it metaphorically in sophisticated ways.
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例句 笔记与提示

جنگی 30秒了解

  • Jangi is the primary Persian adjective for 'war-related' or 'martial'.
  • It modifies nouns like aircraft, ships, crimes, and tactics.
  • It is derived from the noun 'jang' (war) using the '-i' suffix.
  • Essential for discussing history, news, and international law in Persian.

The Persian word جنگی (pronounced 'jangi') is a versatile adjective derived from the noun جنگ (jang), meaning 'war'. At its core, it describes anything that pertains to, is used for, or is characteristic of warfare. While it might seem straightforward, its application spans across military technology, international law, psychology, and even everyday metaphors. In an advanced C1 context, understanding جنگی involves moving beyond simple 'war movies' and into the realms of 'war crimes' (جنایت جنگی), 'military tactics' (تاکتیک‌های جنگی), and 'combat readiness' (آمادگی جنگی).

Etymological Root
Derived from the Middle Persian 'jang', the suffix '-i' transforms the noun into a relative adjective, indicating a relationship to the act of fighting.

کشورهای منطقه باید از هرگونه اقدام جنگی پرهیز کنند تا صلح پایدار بماند.

Translation: Countries in the region must avoid any warlike actions to ensure peace remains stable.

In modern Persian media, you will frequently encounter this word in headlines regarding international conflicts. It is the standard term for 'fighter' when referring to aircraft—هواپیمای جنگی. It is also used to describe a person's temperament; someone who is 'jangi' in a metaphorical sense is someone ready for a fight or highly competitive, though the word جنگجو (warrior/belligerent) is more specific for people.

Legal Context
In the Hague and Geneva conventions translated into Persian, 'War Crimes' are strictly referred to as 'جنایات جنگی'. This is a critical term in political science and human rights discourse.

کشتی‌های جنگی در آب‌های بین‌المللی در حال گشت‌زنی هستند.

Translation: Warships are patrolling in international waters.

Furthermore, the term appears in the context of 'war booty' or 'spoils of war' (غنایم جنگی), which has historical and religious significance in Persian literature and Islamic law. In contemporary literature, writers use 'jangi' to describe the atmosphere of a setting—an 'atmosphere of war' (فضای جنگی)—to evoke tension and high stakes without necessarily describing a physical battlefield.

Using جنگی correctly requires an understanding of Ezafe (the Persian linking vowel). As an adjective, it almost always follows the noun it modifies, linked by a short 'e' sound. For example, 'War Plane' becomes Havapeyma-ye jangi. Let's explore its use across various registers, from formal military reports to descriptive prose.

Military Hardware
When describing equipment specifically designed for combat, 'jangi' is the go-to adjective. Examples include 'tank-haye jangi' (battle tanks) and 'tajhizat-e jangi' (war equipment).

دولت بودجه‌ی ویژه‌ای برای خرید هواپیماهای جنگی اختصاص داد.

Translation: The government allocated a special budget for purchasing fighter jets.

In a more abstract sense, 'jangi' describes states of being or conditions. 'Vazeiyat-e jangi' (state of war or martial condition) is used when a country is on high alert. This is different from 'halat-e fowq-ol-ade' (state of emergency), as 'jangi' specifically implies the threat or presence of armed conflict.

پس از حمله، تمام نیروها در وضعیت جنگی قرار گرفتند.

Translation: After the attack, all forces were placed in a state of combat readiness.

When discussing history or social sciences, you might encounter 'rashaadat-haye jangi' (wartime braveries) or 'khosounat-haye jangi' (wartime hostilities). Note how 'jangi' here modifies the noun to specify the context of the action. Without 'jangi', 'khosounat' could refer to a simple personal grudge.

Metaphorical Usage
In sports, a commentator might say a team has a 'rouhieh-ye jangi' (fighting spirit). This is a positive attribute implying resilience and determination.

بازیکنان با روحیه‌ای جنگی وارد زمین شدند.

Translation: The players entered the field with a fighting spirit.

In the Persian-speaking world, particularly in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan, جنگی is a word deeply embedded in the collective consciousness due to decades of regional conflicts. You will hear it in news broadcasts (akhbar), historical documentaries (mostanad-haye tarikhi), and political debates.

News and Media
Broadcasts frequently use 'manateq-e jangi' (war zones) to describe areas of active combat. Reporters might talk about 'asiran-e jangi' (prisoners of war/POWs), a term that carries significant emotional and political weight.

خبرنگار از قلب مناطق جنگی گزارش می‌دهد.

Translation: The reporter is reporting from the heart of the war zones.

In cinema, 'jangi' is the genre classification for war movies. If you are looking for a film about the Iran-Iraq war (often referred to as 'Defa-e Moghaddas' or Holy Defense in Iran), you would search for 'film-haye jangi'. These films are a staple of Iranian national television, especially during commemorative weeks.

Academic and Legal Discourse
University lectures on International Relations (ravabet-e beyn-ol-melal) use 'jangi' to discuss 'ghavanin-e jangi' (laws of war) and 'strategy-haye jangi' (war strategies).

نقض قوانین جنگی می‌تواند منجر به تحریم‌های شدید شود.

Translation: Violating the laws of war can lead to severe sanctions.

Lastly, in casual conversation, especially among the older generation who lived through the war, 'jangi' might describe a specific era. 'Doran-e jangi' (the wartime period) refers to the years of conflict that shaped the modern Iranian state and economy.

Even advanced learners can stumble when using جنگی due to its proximity to other military terms. The most common error is using it as a noun to mean 'warrior'. While 'jangi' can occasionally mean 'combative person' in very informal contexts, the correct noun for a fighter or warrior is jangju or razmandeh.

Confusion with 'Nezami'
Learners often say 'lebas-e jangi' for 'military uniform'. While understandable, the standard term is 'lebas-e nezami'. 'Jangi' implies the gear is for the actual battle (like tactical vests), whereas 'nezami' refers to the military profession as a whole.

Incorrect: او یک جنگی شجاع است. (He is a brave war-related.)
Correct: او یک جنگجوی شجاع است. (He is a brave warrior.)

Another mistake is the placement of the word in compound structures. In Persian, 'jangi' is an adjective, not a noun that can form the first part of a compound in the way 'war' does in English (e.g., 'warship'). You must use Ezafe: kashti-ye jangi (ship of war), not jang-kashti.

Overusing for 'Aggressive'
While 'jangi' can mean aggressive, using it for a person's behavior in a non-combat setting can sound overly dramatic. Use 'pro-ru' (bold/impudent) or 'khashmgin' (angry) instead for everyday social interactions.

او لحن پرخاشگرانه‌ای داشت. (He had an aggressive tone.)
Instead of using 'jangi' for a rude waiter.

To achieve native-like fluency at the C1 level, you must distinguish جنگی from its close cousins. Depending on whether you are talking about a person, a professional institution, or a specific martial art, your word choice will change.

نظامی (Nezami)
Meaning 'Military'. Used for institutions, uniforms, and ranks. Example: 'Nirou-haye nezami' (Military forces).
رزمی (Razmi)
Meaning 'Martial' or 'Combat-related'. Used specifically for arts and skills. Example: 'Varzesh-haye razmi' (Martial arts).
دفاعی (Defa'i)
Meaning 'Defensive'. Often used as a euphemism for military matters in official Iranian discourse. Example: 'Sanaye-e defa'i' (Defense industries).

تفاوت بین یک هواپیمای جنگی و یک مانور نظامی در کاربرد عملیاتی آن‌هاست.

Translation: The difference between a war plane and a military maneuver lies in their operational application.

If you want to describe something as 'warlike' or 'belligerent' in a political sense, jang-talabaneh (war-seeking) is a powerful alternative. This is often used to criticize the policies of a hawkish government. Conversely, setizeh-jouyaneh (combative/hostile) describes a general attitude of conflict.

پیکارگر (Peykargar)
A more literary and archaic term for a warrior or combatant, often found in epic poetry.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word 'Jang' is actually the root of the English word 'Jungle' (via Hindi 'jangal'), which originally meant a wild, uncultivated place where one might have to fight for survival.

发音指南

UK /dʒæŋˈɡiː/
US /dʒæŋˈɡi/
Final syllable (gi).
押韵词
سنگی (sangi - stony) رنگی (rangi - colorful) تنگی (tangi - tightness) فرنگی (farangi - foreign) فرهنگی (farhangi - cultural) پلنگی (palangi - leopard-like) نهنگی (nahangi - whale-like) زرنگی (zerangi - cleverness)
常见错误
  • Pronouncing the 'g' and 'i' separately as 'gi-ye'. It should be a single syllable 'gi'.
  • Stress on the first syllable 'jang-'. In Persian adjectives, stress is usually at the end.
  • Mispronouncing the 'a' as 'ah' (jong). It should be a short 'a' as in 'apple'.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Easy to recognize if you know 'jang', but appears in complex legal texts.

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按水平分级的例句

1

این یک هواپیمای جنگی است.

This is a war plane.

Uses Ezafe 'ye' after 'havapeyma'.

2

من فیلم جنگی دوست ندارم.

I don't like war movies.

Simple adjective placement.

3

آن‌ها کشتی جنگی دارند.

They have a warship.

Noun + jangi.

4

این بازی جنگی است.

This is a war game.

Predicate adjective.

5

لباس او جنگی نیست.

His clothes are not war-related (combat gear).

Negative 'nist'.

6

کتاب جنگی کجاست؟

Where is the war book?

Question form.

7

سگ جنگی خطرناک است.

The war dog (attack dog) is dangerous.

Subject adjective.

8

او یک کلاه جنگی دارد.

He has a war helmet.

Indefinite 'yek'.

1

او یک اسیر جنگی بود.

He was a prisoner of war.

Past tense 'bud'.

2

تجهیزات جنگی گران هستند.

War equipment is expensive.

Plural noun.

3

آن‌ها به منطقه جنگی رفتند.

They went to the war zone.

Preposition 'be'.

4

موزه جنگی در مرکز شهر است.

The war museum is in the city center.

Locative phrase.

5

داستان‌های جنگی غمگین هستند.

War stories are sad.

Plural adjective agreement (not required for jangi).

6

او مدال جنگی گرفت.

He received a war medal.

Simple past 'gereft'.

7

این یک نقشه جنگی است.

This is a war map.

Ezafe 'ye'.

8

صدای هواپیمای جنگی بلند بود.

The sound of the war plane was loud.

Compound Ezafe structure.

1

غنایم جنگی پس از نبرد جمع‌آوری شد.

The spoils of war were collected after the battle.

Passive voice 'jam-avari shod'.

2

او روحیه‌ی جنگی بالایی دارد.

He has a high fighting spirit.

Metaphorical use.

3

عملیات جنگی دیشب آغاز شد.

The war operation began last night.

Subject of a sentence.

4

باید از جنایات جنگی جلوگیری کرد.

War crimes must be prevented.

Modal 'bayad'.

5

او در دوران جنگی متولد شد.

He was born during the war period.

Temporal phrase 'doran-e'.

6

تاکتیک‌های جنگی آن‌ها بسیار هوشمندانه بود.

Their war tactics were very clever.

Plural noun + jangi.

7

این منطقه دیگر جنگی نیست.

This area is no longer a war zone.

Adverb 'digar'.

8

او خاطرات جنگی خود را نوشت.

He wrote his war memoirs.

Possessive 'khod'.

1

وضعیت جنگی در سراسر مرز اعلام شد.

A state of war was declared across the border.

Formal passive 'e'lam shod'.

2

آن‌ها متهم به ارتکاب جنایت جنگی هستند.

They are accused of committing a war crime.

Preposition 'be' + gerund.

3

بودجه‌ی جنگی کشور افزایش یافت.

The country's war budget increased.

Formal 'afzayesh yaft'.

4

این سلاح‌ها کاربرد جنگی دارند.

These weapons have a war/combat application.

Direct object function.

5

او به عنوان یک قهرمان جنگی شناخته می‌شود.

He is known as a war hero.

'Be onvan-e' (As a).

6

تحلیلگران درباره‌ی اهداف جنگی بحث کردند.

Analysts discussed the war objectives.

Preposition 'darbare-ye'.

7

فضای جنگی بر شهر حاکم شده بود.

A warlike atmosphere had dominated the city.

Past perfect 'hakem shode bud'.

8

قوانین جنگی باید توسط همه رعایت شود.

War laws must be observed by everyone.

Passive with 'tavassot-e'.

1

حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه بر مخاصمات جنگی نظارت دارد.

International humanitarian law oversees war conflicts.

Technical vocabulary.

2

او در رساله‌اش به ابعاد اخلاقی اقدامات جنگی پرداخت.

In his thesis, he addressed the moral dimensions of war actions.

Formal verb 'pardakht'.

3

پیامدهای جنگی تا نسل‌ها باقی می‌ماند.

The wartime consequences remain for generations.

Abstract subject.

4

استراتژی‌های جنگی در قرن بیست و یکم تغییر کرده است.

War strategies have changed in the 21st century.

Present perfect 'taghyir karde ast'.

5

او با لحنی جنگی و تهاجمی سخن می‌گفت.

He spoke with a warlike and aggressive tone.

Adjectival pair.

6

دادگاه بین‌المللی به پرونده‌های جنگی رسیدگی می‌کند.

The international court handles war cases.

Formal verb 'residegi kardan'.

7

ادبیات جنگی ایران بازتاب‌دهنده‌ی دردهای جامعه است.

Iran's war literature reflects the pains of society.

Complex subject phrase.

8

قدرت‌های بزرگ در حال آزمایش تسلیحات جدید جنگی هستند.

Great powers are testing new war armaments.

Continuous present 'dar hal-e'.

1

تبیین ماهیت جنگی یک درگیری نیازمند تخصص حقوقی است.

Explaining the warlike nature of a conflict requires legal expertise.

Gerund subject 'tabyin'.

2

او با ظرافتی خاص، پارادوکس‌های زندگی جنگی را به تصویر کشید.

With a specific delicacy, he portrayed the paradoxes of wartime life.

Literary register.

3

ضرورت‌های جنگی نباید توجیهی برای نقض حقوق بشر باشد.

War necessities should not be a justification for human rights violations.

Subjunctive mood.

4

منازعات جنگی معاصر پیچیدگی‌های ژئوپلیتیک فراوانی دارند.

Contemporary war disputes have many geopolitical complexities.

Advanced adjectives.

5

نویسنده در رمان خود به نقد تفکر جنگی پرداخته است.

In his novel, the author has criticized war-oriented thinking.

Analytical sentence structure.

6

تاریخ بشر آمیخته با رقابت‌های خونین و جنگی است.

Human history is mingled with bloody and warlike competitions.

Passive participle 'amikhte'.

7

او به بررسی تطبیقی سیستم‌های جنگی در شرق و غرب پرداخت.

He engaged in a comparative study of war systems in the East and West.

Academic compound verb.

8

گفتمان جنگی می‌تواند مانع از دستیابی به تفاهم دیپلماتیک شود.

War discourse can prevent achieving a diplomatic understanding.

Abstract noun 'gofteman'.

常见搭配

جنایت جنگی
هواپیمای جنگی
کشتی جنگی
اسیر جنگی
منطقه جنگی
تاکتیک جنگی
غنایم جنگی
بودجه جنگی
روحیه جنگی
قوانین جنگی

常用短语

وضعیت جنگی

— A state of war or high military alert.

کشور در وضعیت جنگی قرار دارد.

آرایش جنگی

— Battle formation or preparation for conflict.

نیروها آرایش جنگی گرفتند.

ادبیات جنگی

— War literature, often focusing on soldier experiences.

او متخصص ادبیات جنگی است.

فیلم جنگی

— War movie genre.

ما دیشب یک فیلم جنگی دیدیم.

سازمان جنگی

— Military organization structure.

سازمان جنگی ارتش بازسازی شد.

قدرت جنگی

— Combat power or military strength.

قدرت جنگی این کشور زیاد است.

آمادگی جنگی

— Combat readiness.

آمادگی جنگی نیروها بررسی شد.

خاطرات جنگی

— War memoirs.

خاطرات جنگی او چاپ شد.

عملیات جنگی

— Military/Combat operations.

عملیات جنگی در کوهستان ادامه دارد.

هدف جنگی

— Military target or objective.

آن ساختمان یک هدف جنگی نبود.

习语与表达

"طبل جنگی زدن"

— To beat the drums of war; to incite conflict.

سیاستمداران در حال زدن طبل جنگی هستند.

Journalistic
"آرایش جنگی گرفتن"

— To take a battle stance (often used metaphorically in politics or sports).

احزاب برای انتخابات آرایش جنگی گرفتند.

Metaphorical
"روحیه جنگی داشتن"

— To have a fighting/resilient spirit.

او با بیماری با روحیه جنگی مبارزه کرد.

Informal/Positive
"در وضعیت جنگی بودن"

— To be ready for a confrontation.

رئیس شرکت در وضعیت جنگی با رقبا است.

Business
"جنگی بودن"

— To be aggressive or ready to argue (slang).

امروز خیلی جنگی هستی، چی شده؟

Slang
"اسیر جنگی شدن"

— To be trapped in a difficult situation (metaphorical).

او اسیر جنگی افکار خودش است.

Literary
"ماشین جنگی"

— War machine; a highly efficient but heartless system.

ماشین جنگی تبلیغات آن‌ها بسیار قوی است.

Political
"زخم جنگی"

— A scar or trauma from a past conflict (often metaphorical).

او هنوز زخم‌های جنگی آن ورشکستگی را دارد.

Metaphorical
"نقشه جنگی"

— A master plan for success in a competitive environment.

نقشه جنگی ما برای بازار جدید آماده است.

Business
"قهرمان جنگی"

— Someone who has overcome great odds (metaphorical).

مادرش یک قهرمان جنگی در زندگی واقعی بود.

Emotional

词族

名词

جنگ (war)
جنگجو (warrior)
جنگاوری (warfare skill)
پیکار (battle)

动词

جنگیدن (to fight/war)
به جنگ رفتن (to go to war)

形容词

جنگی (war-related)
جنگ‌طلب (warmongering)
جنگ‌زده (war-torn)

相关

سرباز (soldier)
ارتش (army)
دفاع (defense)
صلح (peace)
نبرد (combat)
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记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Jangi' as 'Jang' (War) + 'i' (related to). If you know 'Jang' is war, 'Jangi' is just the descriptive version of it.

视觉联想

Imagine a 'Jang' (War) scene, and then imagine an 'i' (eye) looking at it. The 'eye' makes it a description: 'Jangi'.

Word Web

Jang (War) Jangi (War-related) Jangju (Warrior) Jangzade (War-torn) Jangtalab (Warmonger) Havapeyma-ye Jangi (Fighter jet) Jenayat-e Jangi (War crime) Kashti-ye Jangi (Warship)

挑战

Try to name five objects in a room and turn them into 'war' versions using 'Jangi' (e.g., 'Miz-e jangi' - war table).

词源

From Middle Persian 'jang', which referred to a fight, brawl, or war. It is an ancient Indo-European root related to concepts of striking or clashing.

原始含义： A physical struggle or armed conflict.

Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> West Iranian -> Persian.

文化背景

Be sensitive when using 'jangi' in social contexts in Iran or Afghanistan, as many people have personal trauma related to actual war.

English speakers often use 'military' where Persians use 'jangi'. For example, 'warplane' vs 'military plane'.

The movie 'Dehnamaki's Outcasts' (Ekhrajiha) - a famous Iranian war comedy. The poetry of Mehdi Akhavan-Sales regarding the despair of war. The memoirs of Da (One of the most famous Iranian war books).
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