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A2 verb #2,500 最常用 6分钟阅读

پوشاندن

At the A1 level, 'پوشاندن' (pushāndan) is introduced as a basic action verb related to daily life. Learners focus on the simplest meaning: putting clothes on someone else, like a doll or a baby. At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex metaphors. Think of it as 'to put on' for someone else. You will see it in simple sentences like 'Mother covers the baby' or 'I cover the food.' The focus is on the present and past simple tenses. It's helpful to learn it alongside 'lebas' (clothes) and 'ghazā' (food). You might hear it in a classroom when a teacher says 'cover your books.' The goal is to recognize the word and understand that it involves two people or an object and a cover.
At the A2 level, you start using 'پوشاندن' in more varied contexts, such as weather and household chores. You learn to use the preposition 'bā' (with) to describe what you are using to cover something. For example, 'The snow covers the ground' or 'Cover the table with a cloth.' You also begin to distinguish it clearly from 'pushidan' (to wear). A2 learners should be able to conjugate the verb in the past, present, and future tenses. You might also encounter the imperative form 'bepushān' (cover it!) in recipes or instructions. This level emphasizes the physical act of covering objects in the immediate environment.
At the B1 level, the verb 'پوشاندن' begins to appear in more abstract and social contexts. You learn to use it for 'covering up' mistakes or 'hiding' feelings. For example, 'He tried to cover his sadness with a smile.' You also become comfortable with the passive form 'pushānde shodan' (to be covered), which is common in descriptions of nature or news reports. B1 learners should understand the causative nature of the verb—that it is derived from 'pushidan'—and how this pattern applies to other Persian verbs. You start to see the word in short stories and simplified news articles, often related to environmental changes or social behavior.
At the B2 level, you explore the nuances of 'پوشاندن' in formal writing and media. You will encounter it in discussions about 'media coverage' (though often as 'pushish dādan') and in more complex literary sentences. You learn to use it in the subjunctive mood to express desires or hypothetical situations, such as 'I wish the snow would cover the city.' You also start to recognize related nouns like 'pushish' (coverage/clothing) and 'pushesh' (cover). At this stage, you should be able to use the verb to describe complex processes, such as how a layer of paint covers a wall or how a legal loophole covers a crime. Your vocabulary expands to include synonyms like 'penhān kardan' and you know when to choose one over the other.
At the C1 level, 'پوشاندن' is used with high precision in academic and literary contexts. You understand its role in classical Persian poetry and the philosophical implications of 'veiling' (Sattari). You can analyze how the verb is used to create imagery in literature, such as 'night covering the world with its black veil.' You are also familiar with technical uses in fields like science (e.g., a membrane covering a cell) or law (e.g., covering liability). C1 learners can use the verb to discuss subtle social dynamics, such as the 'covering' of one's true identity in different social strata. You use the verb effortlessly in complex sentence structures with multiple clauses.
At the C2 level, you have a native-like command of 'پوشاندن' and all its derivatives. You can appreciate the etymological roots and how they connect to other Indo-European languages. You can use the verb in highly sophisticated rhetorical ways, such as in political speeches to describe the 'covering' of historical truths. You are also aware of very rare or archaic synonyms and can use them for stylistic effect. At this level, you don't just use the word; you understand its cultural resonance in Iranian thought, particularly regarding the balance between 'zāher' (apparent) and 'bāten' (hidden). You can participate in deep literary analysis of texts where 'covering' is a central motif.
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

پوشاندن 30秒了解

  • Pushāndan means to cover or clothe someone else, acting as the causative of 'to wear'.
  • It is used for physical objects (blankets, paint) and abstract concepts (secrets, feelings).
  • Commonly paired with the preposition 'bā' to indicate the material used for covering.
  • Essential for daily life, storytelling, and formal Persian communication regarding privacy.

The Persian verb پوشاندن (pushāndan) is a versatile and essential causative verb that primarily means 'to cover,' 'to clothe,' or 'to conceal.' At its core, it describes the act of placing something over an object or person, either for protection, modesty, or secrecy. Unlike its base form, پوشیدن (pushidan - to wear), which is what the subject does to themselves, پوشاندن involves an agent performing the action upon an object or another person. This distinction is crucial for learners to master early on. In a physical sense, you might use it when talking about putting a blanket on a sleeping child or covering a car with a tarp to protect it from the rain. The verb carries a sense of completion and envelopment, suggesting that the object is now hidden or shielded from view.

Physical Act
The literal act of putting clothes on someone else or a cover over an item.
Metaphorical Concealment
Hiding a truth, a mistake, or a feeling from others' eyes.
Environmental Covering
Natural phenomena like snow covering the mountains.

مادر لباس گرم را به تن کودک پوشاند تا از سرما در امان بماند.

— The mother put warm clothes on the child to keep him safe from the cold.

Beyond the physical, the verb extends into the realm of abstract concepts. In Persian literature and daily conversation, one might 'cover' their faults (عیوب را پوشاندن) or 'cover' a secret. This usage aligns with the concept of 'Sattar' (the Concealer), one of the names of God in Islamic tradition, which emphasizes the virtue of hiding others' flaws rather than exposing them. Thus, the verb carries a heavy cultural weight regarding privacy and dignity. In modern contexts, it can also refer to media coverage, though other terms like 'پوشش دادن' are more common for journalistic reporting. However, the root remains the same: the act of making something visible or invisible through a layer of intervention.

برف تمام جاده را پوشانده بود و حرکت دشوار بود.

او سعی کرد با لبخند، غم خود را بپوشاند.

باید روی غذا را با سلفون بپوشانی.

نقاش بوم را با رنگ سفید پوشاند.

Grammar Note
It is a transitive verb (فعل متعدی) and usually takes the direct object marker 'rā'.
Synonym Hint
In formal contexts, 'مستور کردن' is a high-level synonym.

Using پوشاندن correctly requires an understanding of Persian causative structures. The verb is formed by adding the causative suffix '-ān' to the present stem of 'pushidan' (push-), resulting in 'pushān-'. This is then followed by the past or present endings. In daily usage, you will encounter it in various tenses. For example, in the present continuous, 'dāram mipushānam' (I am covering/clothing), or in the imperative, 'bepushān' (cover it!). It is essential to identify the object being covered. If you are covering a table with a cloth, the table is the direct object (miz rā). If you are clothing a child, the child is the direct object (bachche rā).

One of the most common structures is [Object] + [Instrument] + [پوشاندن]. For instance: 'miz rā bā sofre pushānd' (He covered the table with a tablecloth). Here, 'bā' (with) introduces the material used for covering. This pattern is extremely productive and can be used for everything from painting walls to spreading blankets. In more formal or literary Persian, the verb can be used without 'bā' if the context is clear, but for learners, sticking to the 'bā' construction is safer and more natural.

Another nuance involves the difference between 'clothing someone' and 'covering something'. While the verb covers both, the context usually dictates the meaning. If the object is a human, it almost always means putting clothes on them. If the object is an inanimate thing, it means covering it up. In the passive voice, 'pushānde shodan' (to be covered), it is frequently used to describe landscapes: 'kuh-hā bā barf pushānde shode-and' (The mountains have been covered with snow). This passive construction is vital for descriptive writing and news reports.

You will hear پوشاندن in a variety of settings, ranging from the most intimate domestic scenes to formal news broadcasts. In a typical Iranian household, a parent might say to an older sibling, 'lebas-e dāsh-et rā bepushān' (Put your brother's clothes on him). This is a daily occurrence in families with young children. In the kitchen, you might hear instructions like 'ru-ye khamir rā bepushān tā var biāyad' (Cover the dough so it rises). These practical applications make the verb a staple of 'Home Persian'.

In the world of journalism and literature, the verb takes on a more metaphorical tone. A news anchor might discuss how a government is trying to 'cover up' a scandal (pushāndan-e rasvāyi). Here, the verb is synonymous with censorship or concealment. In classical Persian poetry, such as that of Hafez or Rumi, the verb is often used in the context of the 'Divine Veiling' of human sins. The concept of 'Sattari' (covering/veiling) is a recurring theme, where the lover asks the Beloved to cover their shortcomings. Understanding this depth allows a learner to appreciate why the word carries a sense of protection and mercy in certain contexts, rather than just the physical act of hiding.

The most frequent mistake learners make is confusing پوشاندن (pushāndan) with پوشیدن (pushidan). Remember: Pushidan is 'to wear' (I wear my coat). Pushāndan is 'to clothe' or 'to cover' (I cover the baby with a coat). If you say 'man lebas mipushānam' when you mean you are getting dressed, an Iranian might think you are dressing a mannequin or another person! Always check who is receiving the action.

Another error involves the preposition 'bā'. Some learners forget to use 'bā' when specifying the material used for covering. For example, saying 'miz rā sofre pushānd' is grammatically incomplete; it should be 'miz rā bā sofre pushānd'. Additionally, learners sometimes confuse 'pushāndan' with 'penhān kardan' (to hide). While they are related, 'pushāndan' usually implies putting something *on top* of the object, whereas 'penhān kardan' is more general about making something disappear from view, like putting a key in a drawer. You wouldn't 'cover' a key in a drawer; you would 'hide' it. Use 'pushāndan' when there is a physical layer involved.

Several words in Persian share the semantic space of 'covering' or 'hiding' with پوشاندن. The most common is پنهان کردن (penhān kardan), which means 'to hide'. While you can cover something to hide it, 'penhān kardan' is the broader term for making anything invisible. Another close relative is مخفی کردن (makhfi kardan), which is slightly more formal and often used for secrets or clandestine activities. If you are specifically talking about covering a surface, you might use روکش کردن (rukesh kardan), which literally means 'to put a casing/cover on,' often used for furniture or car seats.

In a more literary or religious sense, مستور کردن (mastur kardan) is used. This comes from the Arabic root for 'veil' and is found in classical texts. For the act of 'masking' or 'disguising' something, استتار کردن (estetār kardan) is used, particularly in military contexts (camouflage). Finally, اندودن (andudan) is a specific type of covering, usually involving a thick substance like mud, plaster, or gold (e.g., 'zar-andud' - gold-plated). Knowing these nuances helps you choose the right 'cover' for the right situation.

How Formal Is It?

正式

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非正式

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难度评级

需要掌握的语法

按水平分级的例句

1

مادر به بچه لباس می‌پوشاند.

Mother is putting clothes on the baby.

Present continuous usage for a simple action.

2

من روی غذا را پوشاندم.

I covered the food.

Past simple with 'ru-ye' (on top of).

3

او کتابش را می‌پوشاند.

He covers his book.

Direct object with 'rā'.

4

لطفاً روی میز را بپوشان.

Please cover the table.

Imperative mood.

5

برف زمین را پوشاند.

Snow covered the ground.

Natural subject with past tense.

6

ما باید این جعبه را بپوشانیم.

We must cover this box.

Modal 'bāyad' + subjunctive.

7

او صورتش را پوشاند.

She covered her face.

Reflexive-style action using a body part.

8

بچه عروسک را می‌پوشاند.

The child is covering the doll.

Simple transitive action.

1

او ماشین را با چادر پوشاند.

He covered the car with a tarp.

Use of 'bā' to indicate the instrument.

2

آیا می‌توانی روی این ظرف را بپوشانی؟

Can you cover this dish?

Question form with 'tavānestan'.

3

دیوارها را با رنگ سفید پوشاندند.

They covered the walls with white paint.

Plural subject, metaphorical use of covering.

4

ابرها خورشید را پوشانده‌اند.

Clouds have covered the sun.

Present perfect tense.

5

او سعی کرد جای زخم را بپوشاند.

He tried to cover the scar.

Infinitive 'bepushānad' after 'sa'y kard'.

6

لباس گرم به او بپوشان، هوا سرد است.

Put warm clothes on him, it's cold.

Compound sentence with imperative.

7

نقاش بوم را با پارچه پوشاند.

The painter covered the canvas with a cloth.

Specific professional context.

8

آن‌ها روی چاله را با تخته پوشاندند.

They covered the hole with a board.

Practical safety context.

1

او با لبخند، اضطراب خود را می‌پوشاند.

She covers her anxiety with a smile.

Abstract usage for emotions.

2

تمام کوه‌ها با برف پوشانده شده‌اند.

All the mountains are covered with snow.

Passive voice 'pushānde shode-and'.

3

دولت سعی دارد واقعیت را بپوشاند.

The government is trying to cover up the reality.

Political/Abstract context.

4

او همیشه عیوب دیگران را می‌پوشاند.

He always covers (hides) the faults of others.

Moral/Ethical usage.

5

گرد و غبار تمام وسایل خانه را پوشانده بود.

Dust had covered all the furniture.

Past perfect tense.

6

باید این راز را از همه بپوشانیم.

We must hide (cover) this secret from everyone.

Using 'az' (from) with the verb.

7

جنگل با مه غلیظی پوشانده شده بود.

The forest was covered with a thick fog.

Passive past tense.

8

او با آرایش، لکه‌های صورتش را پوشاند.

She covered the spots on her face with makeup.

Cosmetic context.

1

نویسنده با استفاده از استعاره، مقصود اصلی خود را پوشانده است.

The author has covered his main intention using metaphors.

Literary analysis context.

2

این لایه محافظ، فلز را از زنگ‌زدگی می‌پوشاند.

This protective layer covers the metal from rusting.

Technical/Functional usage.

3

او تلاش می‌کرد تا ردپای خود را بپوشاند.

He was trying to cover his tracks.

Idiomatic expression for hiding evidence.

4

سیاستمدار با کلمات زیبا، بی‌کفایتی خود را می‌پوشاند.

The politician covers his incompetence with beautiful words.

Critical social commentary.

5

وسعت این حادثه چنان بود که نمی‌شد آن را پوشاند.

The scale of this incident was such that it couldn't be covered up.

Complex result clause.

6

او با یک شنل بلند، لباس‌های کهنه‌اش را پوشاند.

He covered his old clothes with a long cloak.

Narrative/Storytelling context.

7

گیاهان رونده تمام دیوار ساختمان را پوشانده‌اند.

Climbing plants have covered the entire wall of the building.

Botanical description.

8

او با مهارت، اشتباهات همکارش را پوشاند.

He skillfully covered his colleague's mistakes.

Professional/Interpersonal context.

1

شاعر در این بیت، حقیقت را در پرده‌ای از ابهام پوشانده است.

In this verse, the poet has covered the truth in a veil of ambiguity.

High-level literary criticism.

2

ایدئولوژی حاکم، تضادهای طبقاتی را می‌پوشاند.

The dominant ideology covers (masks) class contradictions.

Sociological/Philosophical context.

3

او با وقار تمام، فقر خود را از چشم دیگران می‌پوشاند.

With total dignity, he covered his poverty from others' eyes.

Character description focusing on 'veiling'.

4

این نظریه، حفره‌های موجود در تحقیقات قبلی را می‌پوشاند.

This theory covers the gaps in previous research.

Academic/Scientific context.

5

شب با چادر سیاهش، زشتی‌های شهر را می‌پوشاند.

Night, with its black veil, covers the ugliness of the city.

Personification and poetic imagery.

6

او با سکوت خود، رازی بزرگ را می‌پوشاند.

With his silence, he was covering a great secret.

Using silence as a 'cover'.

7

تکنولوژی نوین، نیازهای کاذب را با زرق و برق می‌پوشاند.

Modern technology covers false needs with glitter.

Critique of modernism.

8

او سعی کرد با سفسطه، ضعف استدلال خود را بپوشاند.

He tried to cover the weakness of his argument with sophistry.

Logic and rhetoric context.

1

حکیمان معتقدند که خداوند با صفت ستاریت خود، گناهان بندگان را می‌پوشاند.

Sages believe that God, through His attribute of 'Sattari', covers the sins of His servants.

Theological/Mystical context.

2

او در پسِ نقابی از تزویر، چهره واقعی خود را پوشانده بود.

Behind a mask of hypocrisy, he had covered his true face.

Complex metaphorical construction.

3

تاریخ‌نگاران گاهی حقایق تلخ را با روایتی حماسی می‌پوشانند.

Historians sometimes cover bitter truths with an epic narrative.

Historiographical critique.

4

این اثر هنری، خلأ معنایی را با فرم‌های پیچیده می‌پوشاند.

This artwork covers a semantic vacuum with complex forms.

Art criticism.

5

او با زبانی استعاری، تندیِ نقد خود را می‌پوشاند.

With metaphorical language, he covers the sharpness of his criticism.

Nuanced communication style.

6

طبیعت با سخاوت، زخم‌های زمین را با گیاهان سبز می‌پوشاند.

Nature generously covers the earth's wounds with green plants.

Personification of nature.

7

او با تظاهر به بی‌تفاوتی، اشتیاق سوزان خود را می‌پوشاند.

By pretending indifference, he covered his burning passion.

Psychological depth.

8

نظام‌های توتالیتر، سرکوب را با شعارهای آزادی‌خواهانه می‌پوشانند.

Totalitarian regimes cover suppression with liberation slogans.

Political science context.

常见搭配

با برف پوشاندن
لباس پوشاندن
روی چیزی را پوشاندن
راز را پوشاندن
عیب را پوشاندن
با رنگ پوشاندن
صورت را پوشاندن
ردپا را پوشاندن
حقیقت را پوشاندن
سفره پوشاندن

常用短语

روی غذا را بپوشان

بچه را بپوشان

خودت را بپوشان (informal/causative mix)

اشتباهات را پوشاندن

با پارچه پوشاندن

در پرده پوشاندن

تمام قد پوشاندن

به زور پوشاندن

با دقت پوشاندن

از نظرها پوشاندن

容易混淆的词

پوشاندن vs پوشیدن

پوشاندن vs پاشیدن

پوشاندن vs نوشاندن

习语与表达

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容易混淆

پوشاندن vs

پوشاندن vs

پوشاندن vs

پوشاندن vs

پوشاندن vs

句型

如何使用

Causative

It means 'to cause to wear' or 'to cause to be covered'.

Transitivity

Always requires an object.

常见错误
  • Using pushāndan instead of pushidan for yourself.
  • Forgetting 'bā' before the material.
  • Confusing it with 'pāshidan' (to sprinkle).
  • Omitting 'rā' for specific objects.
  • Using it for 'hiding' a small object in a pocket (use penhān kardan instead).

小贴士

Causative Pattern

Learn the -ān suffix; it works for many verbs like 'khordan' (to eat) -> 'khorāndan' (to feed).

Material Preposition

Always use 'bā' (with) when you mention what you are covering with.

Spoken Form

In Tehran dialect, 'pushāndan' sounds like 'pushundan'. Practice both.

Moral Concealment

Use this verb when talking about 'Sattari' (hiding others' flaws) to sound culturally aware.

Passive Descriptions

Use 'pushānde shode' for beautiful descriptions of nature in your essays.

Context Clues

If you hear 'lebas' (clothes), it means dressing someone. If you hear 'ru-ye' (on top), it means covering an object.

Visual Association

Visualize a giant hand covering the earth with a blanket.

Ambiguity

Use 'dar parde pushāndan' to describe someone who isn't being direct.

Vs. Penhān

Remember: pushāndan usually leaves a visible cover; penhān kardan makes it vanish.

Daily Routine

Narrate your morning if you are helping a child get dressed using this verb.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine pushing a blanket over a sleeping baby.

词源

Middle Persian

文化背景

A traditional low table with a heater under it, covered by a large quilt.

One of God's names, meaning 'The Concealer of Faults'.

The concept of 'Pushish' (clothing/coverage) is central to social norms.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"چطور می‌توانیم این راز را بپوشانیم؟"

"آیا برف کوه‌های شهر شما را پوشانده است؟"

"بهترین راه برای پوشاندن لکه‌های دیوار چیست؟"

"چرا بعضی‌ها سعی می‌کنند حقیقت را بپوشانند؟"

"چطور به یک کودک لجباز لباس می‌پوشانید؟"

日记主题

امروز چه چیزی را پوشاندی؟ (فیزیکی یا احساسی)

درباره زمانی بنویسید که برف همه جا را پوشانده بود.

آیا همیشه پوشاندن حقیقت کار درستی است؟

توصیف کنید که چطور یک میز را برای مهمانی می‌پوشانید.

یک خاطره از لباس پوشاندن به یک کودک یا حیوان خانگی بنویسید.

常见问题

10 个问题

Pushidan is 'to wear' (you do it to yourself). Pushāndan is 'to clothe' or 'to cover' (you do it to someone or something else).

Yes, it is very common to use it for concealing information or feelings metaphorically.

Yes, you can say 'covering the wall with paint' using this verb.

You use the passive form: 'pushānde shodan'.

The present stem is 'pushān-'.

It is used in both formal and informal Persian, but the pronunciation changes slightly in speech.

Usually, 'pushish dādan' is used for media, but 'pushāndan' is the root verb.

Yes, if the object is specific, it requires the direct object marker 'rā'.

The most common opposite is 'āshkār kardan' (to reveal) or 'barhene kardan' (to strip/uncover).

Yes, the word 'pushesh' (clothing/coverage) comes from this root and is used in discussions about modesty.

自我测试 180 个问题

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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