A1 Nouns & Articles 16 min read 简单

法语复数：只需加上 -s

想把法语单词变复数？换掉前面的“冠词”，然后在单词末尾加个不发音的 «-s» 就行啦！
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To make most French nouns plural, simply add an 's' to the end of the word.

  • Add -s to singular nouns: le chat -> les chats.
  • Change the article: le/la/l' becomes les.
  • The -s is usually silent when spoken.
Article (le/la) + Noun -> les + Noun + s

Overview

你有没有注意到，法国人在使用复数时，看起来就像是在玩一场无声的猜谜游戏？你在单词末尾写上 s，但随后你只需……忽略它。 ...

Pluralization Table

Singular Article Singular Noun Plural Article Plural Noun
le
chat
les
chats
la
table
les
tables
l'
ami
les
amis
le
chien
les
chiens
la
fleur
les
fleurs
l'
arbre
les
arbres

Meanings

Pluralization indicates that there is more than one of a specific noun. In French, this requires modifying both the article and the noun itself.

1

Standard Plural

The basic form used to denote multiple items.

“La pomme est rouge.”

“Les pommes sont rouges.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 法语复数：只需加上 -s
单数 复数 中文意思
{le|m} livre
les livres
书（特指）
{la|f} chaise
les chaises
椅子（特指）
{un|m} ami
des amis
一些朋友
{une|f} voiture
des voitures
一些汽车
{le|m} chien
les chiens
狗（特指）
{une|f} pomme
des pommes
一些苹果
{le|m} film
les films
电影（特指）

正式程度

正式
Les chats sont ici.

Les chats sont ici. (General statement)

中性
Les chats sont là.

Les chats sont là. (General statement)

非正式
Les chats sont là.

Les chats sont là. (General statement)

俚语
Les chats sont là.

Les chats sont là. (General statement)

法语复数构成

复数名词

不定冠词

  • des chats 一些猫
  • des pizzas 一些比萨

定冠词

  • les amis 那些朋友
  • les voitures 那些汽车

单数 vs. 复数

单数 (一个)
{le|m} livre 这本书
{une|f} pomme 一个苹果
复数 (多个)
les livres 那些书
des pommes 一些苹果

如何变复数

1

名词是复数吗？

YES
改变冠词 (le/la -> les, un/une -> des)
NO
保持单数
2

词尾已经有 -s, -x 或 -z 了吗？

YES
什么都不用加！
NO ↓
3

其他情况？

YES
在名词末尾加 -s
NO ↓

日常复数词汇

📱

科技

  • • les téléphones
  • • les ordinateurs
  • • des apps
🥐

食物

  • • des croissants
  • • les baguettes
  • • des fruits
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按水平分级的例句

1

Le chat est petit.

The cat is small.

2

Les chats sont petits.

The cats are small.

3

La pomme est rouge.

The apple is red.

4

Les pommes sont rouges.

The apples are red.

1

J'aime le livre.

I like the book.

2

J'aime les livres.

I like the books.

3

Il regarde la voiture.

He is looking at the car.

4

Il regarde les voitures.

He is looking at the cars.

1

Les étudiants travaillent dur.

The students work hard.

2

Les professeurs sont gentils.

The teachers are kind.

3

Les enfants jouent dehors.

The children are playing outside.

4

Les amis mangent ensemble.

The friends are eating together.

1

Les décisions ont été prises.

The decisions have been made.

2

Les problèmes sont complexes.

The problems are complex.

3

Les résultats sont impressionnants.

The results are impressive.

4

Les solutions sont évidentes.

The solutions are obvious.

1

Les nuances sont importantes.

The nuances are important.

2

Les perspectives sont variées.

The perspectives are varied.

3

Les théories sont débattues.

The theories are debated.

4

Les arguments sont convaincants.

The arguments are convincing.

1

Les phénomènes sociaux sont complexes.

The social phenomena are complex.

2

Les structures linguistiques évoluent.

The linguistic structures evolve.

3

Les paradigmes changent souvent.

The paradigms change often.

4

Les évidences sont irréfutables.

The evidence is irrefutable.

容易混淆

French Plurals: Just Add -s 对比 Plural vs. Singular

Learners often forget to change the article.

French Plurals: Just Add -s 对比 Silent S vs. Liaison

Learners don't know when to pronounce the 's'.

French Plurals: Just Add -s 对比 Regular vs. Irregular

Applying -s to everything.

常见错误

✗

le chats

✓

les chats

The article must also be plural.
✗

les chat

✓

les chats

The noun needs an -s.
✗

les chats (pronounced with s)

✓

les chats (silent s)

The -s is silent.
✗

la chats

✓

les chats

Only 'les' is used for plural.
✗

les pomme

✓

les pommes

Missing plural marker.
✗

le livres

✓

les livres

Article must match.
✗

les ami

✓

les amis

Missing plural marker.
✗

les journauxs

✓

les journaux

Double pluralization.
✗

les chevals

✓

les chevaux

Irregular plural.
✗

les eauxs

✓

les eaux

Incorrect pluralization.
✗

les details

✓

les détails

Missing accent.
✗

les travauxs

✓

les travaux

Incorrect plural.
✗

les yeuxs

✓

les yeux

Incorrect plural.

句型

J'ai ___.

Les ___ sont ici.

Je vois les ___.

Les ___ sont très ___.

Real World Usage

Ordering food very common

Je voudrais deux croissants.

Texting constant

Tu as les clés ?

Social media common

Les vacances sont géniales !

Job interview common

Les résultats sont positifs.

Travel common

Où sont les billets ?

Food delivery app common

Ajouter les articles au panier.

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⚠️

沉默的 S

千万别读出复数名词末尾的 's'！它只是写给眼睛看的。"J'aime les chats."
🎯

听前面的小词

因为 's' 不发音，所以要靠 les 或 des 来分辨对方在说一个还是多个。Voici des photos.
💬

表达“喜欢某物”

在法语中，当你泛指喜欢某种东西（比如电影）时，必须用复数 les："J'aime les films."

Smart Tips

Always check your articles before finalizing your sentence.

Le chats sont là. → Les chats sont là.

Focus on the article 'les' to signal plurality.

Le chat sont là. → Les chats sont là.

Scan for 'les' to quickly identify plural subjects.

Le chat mange. → Les chats mangent.

Learn the noun with its article.

chat → le chat

发音

/le ʃa/

Silent S

The final -s in French plurals is not pronounced.

/le zami/

Liaison

If the next word starts with a vowel, the -s is pronounced like a 'z'.

Statement

Les chats sont là. ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Les' as 'Less' (but it means more!). Just add an 's' to the end to make it a crowd.

视觉联想

Imagine a single cat (le chat) suddenly splitting into many cats (les chats) with little 's' letters floating above their heads.

Rhyme

For a noun that is more than one, add an 's' and you are done!

Story

Pierre had one apple (la pomme). He went to the market and bought five more. Now he has 'les pommes'. He is very happy.

Word Web

leschatschienspommeslivresamisfleurs

挑战

Look around your room and name 5 objects in French, then turn them all into plurals.

文化笔记

Pluralization is strictly taught in schools and is essential for formal writing.

The rules are the same, but pronunciation of plurals can be influenced by local accents.

French is a lingua franca; standard plural rules are used in official communication.

The French plural -s comes directly from the Latin accusative plural -s.

对话开场白

“

Qu'est-ce que tu aimes ?

“

Quels sont tes livres préférés ?

“

Quelles villes veux-tu visiter ?

“

Quelles sont les tendances actuelles ?

日记主题

List 5 things you see in your room.
Describe your favorite hobbies.
Write about your friends.
Discuss the pros and cons of city life.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

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Test Yourself

在空格处填写正确的复数冠词和名词。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
un 变成 des，biscuit 词尾加 s。
哪句话是正确的？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
冠词 (les) 和名词 (filles) 都必须是复数形式。
找出并修改错误。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
复数名词 livres 不能用单数冠词 un，必须换成 des。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Make the noun plural.

Le chat -> ___ chats

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: les
The plural article is 'les'.
Choose the correct plural form. 多项选择

La table -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: les tables
Both article and noun must be plural.
Find the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Le chiens sont ici.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le
Should be 'Les'.
Reorder the sentence. Sentence Reorder

sont / les / ici / chats

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Les chats sont ici.
Standard word order.
Translate to French. 翻译

The books are red.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Les livres sont rouges.
Plural agreement.
Match singular to plural. Match Pairs

le chat, la pomme, l'ami

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: les chats, les pommes, les amis
Correct pluralization.
Pluralize the noun. Conjugation Drill

le livre -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: les livres
Add -s and change article.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

les / manger / pommes / nous

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nous mangeons les pommes.
Correct structure.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
将 {la|f} porte 变为复数： 填空

___ ouvertes.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Les portes
将单词按正确顺序排列： Sentence Reorder

chats / les / mangent / .

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Les chats mangent.
将“The friends”翻译成法语： 翻译

怎么说“那些朋友”？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Les amis
将单数匹配到其复数形式： Match Pairs

连连看：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {un|m} sac : des sacs
选择 {une|f} tasse 正确的复数形式： 多项选择

une tasse 的复数是：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: des tasses
纠正错误：'Il regarde le films.' Error Correction

Il regarde le films.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il regarde les films.
将短语变为复数：{un|m} café 填空

Je voudrais ___ , s'il vous plaît.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: des cafés
将“The messages”翻译成法语： 翻译

那些信息

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Les messages
识别复数名词： 多项选择

哪一个是复数？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: stylos
将冠词与其复数形式匹配： Match Pairs

冠词：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: le : les

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

No, but most do. Some end in -x or stay the same.

Yes, unless it's a liaison before a vowel.

French requires agreement between the article and the noun.

It stays the same in the plural.

No, 'le' is only for singular masculine nouns.

Look at the article 'les'.

Yes, like 'chevaux' or 'yeux'.

Yes, adjectives also take an -s.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

los/las + noun + s

Spanish has gendered plural articles; French uses 'les' for both.

German moderate

die + noun + plural ending

German noun endings are highly irregular compared to French.

Japanese low

Noun + tachi/ra

Japanese lacks articles and has no mandatory plural agreement.

Arabic partial

al + noun + plural

Arabic plurals often change the internal structure of the word.

Chinese low

Noun + men

Chinese has no articles and no mandatory plural agreement.

English partial

the + noun + s

French changes the article; English does not.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
法语复数：以 -s、-x、-z 结尾的名词（无变化）

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