C1 Morphology 12 min read 中等

将形容词转化为名词 (Nominalização)

你可以通过在形容词前加 O 来表达抽象概念，或者使用 -idade 和 -eza 等后缀将形容词转化为抽象名词。
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

In Portuguese, you can turn an adjective into a noun simply by adding a definite article before it.

  • Add 'o' or 'a' before the adjective to make it a noun: 'O bonito' (The beautiful one).
  • Use the plural 'os' or 'as' for groups: 'Os ricos' (The rich people).
  • Agreement must match the gender of the implied noun: 'A nova' (The new one/girl).
Article (o/a/os/as) + Adjective = Noun

Overview

Nominalization of adjectives, known as Nominalização de Adjetivos, transforms a quality or characteristic into a standalone noun, allowing you to discuss concepts abstractly. For advanced learners at the C1 level, this grammatical process is essential for achieving fluency, nuance, and a more sophisticated command of Portuguese. It shifts the linguistic focus from an attribute directly tied to a specific entity, like o carro belo (the beautiful car), to the abstract concept of the attribute itself, as in a beleza do carro (the beauty of the car) or o belo em si (beauty itself).
This mechanism serves several critical functions: it enables conciseness, enhances formality, and permits qualities to become subjects or objects of sentences. Unlike simply describing Ele é triste (He is sad), nominalization allows for A tristeza dele é evidente (His sadness is evident), where tristeza (sadness) functions as a concrete entity within the sentence structure. Mastering this distinction is pivotal for expressing complex thoughts and engaging in academic or professional discourse.
Portuguese employs two primary methods for this transformation: derivational suffixation, which creates new, often abstract, feminine nouns by adding specific endings to adjectives, and zero derivation or conversion, where an adjective is preceded by a definite article (typically o) to function as a noun, representing 'the [adjective] thing' or 'the [adjective] aspect'. Understanding the interplay and preferred usage of these methods is a hallmark of C1 proficiency.

How This Grammar Works

The transformation of adjectives into nouns in Portuguese fundamentally reconfigures how qualities are perceived and utilized within discourse. It's not merely a lexical substitution but a grammatical shift that allows a property to transcend its role as a descriptor and become a conceptual entity. This process operates through distinct morphological and syntactic mechanisms, each with specific semantic implications.
1. Derivational Suffixation (Morphological): This is the most common and productive method for creating abstract nouns from adjectives. By attaching specific suffixes, Portuguese forms new words that denote the quality, state, or condition represented by the original adjective.
These derived nouns almost exclusively become feminine, a crucial detail for agreement.
For instance, the adjective rápido (fast) describes a characteristic, but its nominalized form rapidez (speed) refers to the abstract concept of being fast. Similarly, amável (kind) transforms into amabilidade (kindness), moving from an individual's trait to the quality itself. This method primarily generates nouns that represent qualities as inherent concepts, often used in more formal or abstract contexts, such as A honestidade é crucial (Honesty is crucial).
2. Zero Derivation / Conversion (Syntactic): This method involves placing a definite article, predominantly o (the masculine singular article), directly before an adjective. This construction turns the adjective into a noun without any change to its form.
The article o in this context functions as a quasi-neutral element, referring to 'the [adjective] thing,' 'the [adjective] aspect,' or 'that which is [adjective]'. This is a key departure from Spanish lo and requires careful attention.
Consider o importante (the important thing/aspect). Here, importante (important) is an adjective, but o importante refers to the essence or core concept of 'importance' in a given situation. This mechanism is highly flexible and can apply to virtually any adjective, allowing for immediate nominalization in context.
For example, O frio está intenso (The cold is intense) uses frio (cold, adjective) as a noun. This construction is more flexible for referring to specific instances or facets of a quality, unlike the more general abstractness of suffixed nouns.
Beyond o + adjective, this method extends to referring to groups of people or things possessing the quality: os ricos (the rich people), as belas (the beautiful women). This indicates a specific set of entities rather than the abstract quality itself. The choice between suffixation and article-driven nominalization often depends on the desired level of abstraction, specificity, and formality, reflecting the nuances expected at the C1 level.

Formation Pattern

1
Mastering the formation patterns for nominalization is crucial for accurate and idiomatic Portuguese. These patterns are largely predictable, though certain adjectives exhibit irregular transformations. The gender of the resulting noun is a critical aspect to internalize, as most derived forms are feminine.
2
1. Derivational Suffixes: Creating Abstract Feminine Nouns
3
These suffixes are appended to adjectives, often requiring the removal of the adjective's final vowel or a specific ending. The overwhelming majority of nouns formed this way are feminine.
4
| Adjective Ending | Suffix | Change Pattern | Example Adjective | Derived Noun | Translation | Notes |
5
| :--------------- | :----- | :------------- | :---------------- | :----------- | :---------- | :---- |
6
| -o / -a | -eza | Drop final vowel + -eza | belo (beautiful) | beleza | beauty | Common for qualities, states. |
7
| -o / -a | -ez | Drop final vowel + -ez | rápido (fast) | rapidez | speed | Often implies abstract, often innate, quality. |
8
| -al / -ar / -il | -idade | Add -idade (often after dropping final -l) | leal (loyal) | lealdade | loyalty | Highly productive; from Latin -itatem. |
9
| -ável / -ível | -bilidade | Drop -vel + -bilidade | amável (kind) | amabilidade | kindness | Specific to these adjective endings. |
10
| -nte | -ência | Drop -te + -ência | inteligente (intelligent) | inteligência | intelligence | From Latin -entia; common for qualities of mind/being. |
11
| -oso / -osa | -osidade | Drop -o/-a + -osidade | perigoso (dangerous) | perigosidade | dangerousness | Less common, but seen (e.g., luminosidade). |
12
| -uro / -ura | -ura | Drop final vowel + -ura | doce (sweet) | doçura | sweetness | Also common, especially for sensory qualities. |
13
| -io / -ia | -ice | Drop final vowel + -ice | tolo (foolish) | tolice | foolishness | Often implies a negative or trivial quality. |
14
Irregular Transformations & Special Cases: Some adjectives undergo stem changes or have historically derived forms:
15
bom (good) → bondade (goodness). The m changes to n due to nasalization processes before d.
16
mau (bad, evil) → maldade (evil, malice). A complete stem change.
17
cruel (cruel) → crueldade (cruelty).
18
frio (cold) → frio (the cold, as a noun). This is a case of zero derivation that became lexicalized as a standalone noun.
19
jovem (young) → juventude (youth). Another significant stem change, common and important. A juventude é otimista (Youth is optimistic).
20
2. Article + Adjective: Quasi-Neutral Nominalization
21
This method is highly flexible and applies to a vast range of adjectives. It involves prefixing a definite article to the adjective, transforming it into a noun phrase. The choice of article dictates the nuance.
22
o + [masculine singular adjective]: This is the most prevalent form for abstract nominalization, acting as a quasi-neutral singular. It refers to 'the [adjective] aspect/thing/quality.'
23
Example: O importante é a saúde. (The important thing is health.)
24
Example: O essencial é invisível aos olhos. (The essential is invisible to the eyes.)
25
Example: O inesperado aconteceu. (The unexpected happened.)
26
os + [masculine plural adjective]: Refers to a group of people or things possessing the adjective's quality.
27
Example: Os ricos pagam mais impostos. (The rich pay more taxes.)
28
Example: Os mortos não falam. (The dead don't speak.)
29
a + [feminine singular adjective]: Less common for general abstraction, but used when the adjective specifically refers to a feminine concept or person already understood from context.
30
Example: A bela adormecida. (Sleeping Beauty - bela is understood as a woman).
31
Example: Qual é a melhor parte? A melhor é a sobremesa. (Which is the best part? The best is the dessert - melhor referring to parte, feminine).
32
as + [feminine plural adjective]: Refers to a group of feminine people or things possessing the quality.
33
Example: As jovens preferem redes sociais. (The young women prefer social media.)
34
This method allows for on-the-fly nominalization, often retaining a direct link to the adjective's descriptive function but elevating it to noun status within the sentence structure. Remember to always use the correct article gender and number, especially when referring to specific groups.

When To Use It

Nominalization from adjectives serves various rhetorical and structural purposes in Portuguese, particularly valuable for advanced communication. It allows for greater precision, conciseness, and a more sophisticated register, moving beyond simple descriptions to conceptual discussions.
1. Expressing Abstract Concepts: When you want to discuss a quality as a standalone idea or phenomenon rather than an attribute of a specific object. This is perhaps its most fundamental use.
  • Instead of: O sistema é eficiente. (The system is efficient.)
  • Use: A eficiência do sistema é notável. (The efficiency of the system is notable.)
  • Another example: A liberdade é um direito fundamental. (Freedom is a fundamental right.) Here, liberdade (from livre, free) is the core subject, not just a description.
2. Achieving Conciseness and Formality: Nominalized adjectives often provide a more compact and formal way to convey information, typical of academic, professional, or journalistic writing. They can condense clauses into noun phrases.
  • Instead of: Porque ele estava ansioso, cometeu erros. (Because he was anxious, he made mistakes.)
  • Use: A ansiedade dele levou a erros. (His anxiety led to errors.)
  • This is especially effective for reports or analyses: A complexidade do problema exige atenção. (The complexity of the problem demands attention.)
3. Focusing on an Aspect or Part: The o + adjective construction is ideal for singling out a specific facet or element of a situation or object, often translating to 'the [adjective] part/thing'.
  • Example: O pior da situação é a incerteza. (The worst thing about the situation is the uncertainty.)
  • Example: O bom é que temos tempo. (The good thing is that we have time.)
  • This allows for nuanced emphasis, highlighting what is most relevant from a particular perspective.
4. Referring to Categories or Groups of People/Things: Using articles with adjectives to refer to plural groups is a common form of nominalization, moving from describing an individual to categorizing a collective.
  • Example: Os pobres sofrem mais com a crise. (The poor suffer more from the crisis.)
  • Example: As jovens utilizam mais tecnologia. (The young women use more technology.)
  • This generalizes the adjective's quality to an entire demographic or class, often implying a shared characteristic or condition.
5. Elevating Stylistic Choices: In literary or persuasive writing, nominalization can add gravity and abstraction, making sentences more impactful and thought-provoking. It allows qualities to take on a life of their own within the narrative.
  • Instead of: A felicidade dele era grande. (His happiness was great.)
  • Use: A sua felicidade era imensa, quase palpável. (His happiness was immense, almost palpable.) This subtle shift to sua felicidade treats happiness as an entity.
6. Avoiding Repetition and Varying Sentence Structure: When an adjective has already been used, nominalizing it can prevent redundancy and make prose more dynamic. It's a tool for stylistic elegance.
  • Initial sentence: A proposta é interessante. (The proposal is interesting.)
  • Subsequent reference: A sua _interessância_ (or, more common, _o seu interesse_) reside na inovação. (Its interestingness/interest lies in innovation.) While interessância is less common, interesse (derived from interessar) is often used in this context. More commonly, you might say O interesse na proposta reside na inovação.
Using these structures thoughtfully demonstrates advanced control over Portuguese grammar and enhances both clarity and stylistic richness in your communication.

Common Mistakes

Advanced learners often stumble on specific aspects of adjective nominalization, primarily due to interference from other languages, inconsistencies in suffix usage, or misapplication of gender rules. Addressing these pitfalls directly is essential for C1 proficiency.
1. The 'Lo' Trap (Spanish Interference): For Spanish speakers, the tendency to use *lo for abstract neutrality is a deeply ingrained habit. However, Portuguese does not have a neutral article lo. In Portuguese, o (masculine singular definite article) serves this quasi-neutral function.
  • Incorrect (Spanish influence): *Lo importante é participar.
  • Correct: O importante é participar. (The important thing is to participate.)
  • Incorrect (object pronoun confusion): *Lo vi na rua. (lo as an object pronoun means 'him/it' in European Portuguese, and is not used as an article).
  • Correct: Vi-o na rua. (I saw him/it in the street. - European Portuguese)
2. Gender Errors with Derived Nouns: Almost all nouns formed by derivational suffixes (-eza, -ez, -idade, -bilidade, -ência, -ura, -ice) are feminine. Misgendering these nouns is a pervasive error.
  • Incorrect: *O beleza do quadro.
  • Correct: A beleza do quadro. (The beauty of the painting.)
  • Incorrect: *Um bondade rara.
  • Correct: Uma bondade rara. (A rare kindness.)
  • Tip: When in doubt with a suffixed noun, assume feminine. This rule has very few exceptions.
3. Confusion Between Similar Suffixes (-ez vs. -eza): While some adjectives can take either -ez or -eza in certain regional dialects, standard Portuguese typically assigns one form. Learners often interchange them incorrectly.
Incorrect
✗ rápido (fast)
✓ rapidez (speed) NOT *rapideza
✗ belo (beautiful)
✓ beleza (beauty) NOT *belez
✗ estúpido (stupid)
✓ estupidez (stupidity) NOT *estupideza
  • There's no universal semantic rule; specific pairings must be learned through exposure. However, -ez often implies an abstract, inherent quality (e.g., timidez, shyness; lucidez, lucidity), while -eza frequently refers to an observable state or quality (e.g., beleza, beauty; tristeza, sadness).
4. Overuse of o + Adjective vs. Specific Derived Noun: While o + adjective is versatile, sometimes a specific derived noun is more idiomatic or precise, especially in formal contexts.
  • While o importante (the important thing) is perfectly correct, a importância (importance) is often preferred when discussing the abstract concept in general terms. A importância da educação é inegável. (The importance of education is undeniable.)
  • O belo might refer to an aesthetic ideal or a beautiful object; a beleza refers more broadly to the quality of beauty. O belo na arte (The beautiful in art) vs. A beleza natural da paisagem (The natural beauty of the landscape).
  • Guidance: If a common, concise derivational noun exists (like liberdade, felicidade, eficiência), it is often the preferred choice for abstract concepts. Use o + adjective when referring to a specific

Nominalization Pattern

Gender Number Article Example
Masculine
Singular
O
O bonito
Feminine
Singular
A
A bonita
Masculine
Plural
Os
Os bonitos
Feminine
Plural
As
As bonitas

Meanings

Nominalization allows you to refer to a person, object, or concept by its quality rather than its name, by placing a definite article before the adjective.

1

Referring to people

Used to describe a group or type of person.

“Os pobres precisam de ajuda.”

“Os jovens estão saindo.”

2

Referring to abstract concepts

Used to talk about an idea or quality in general.

“O essencial é invisível aos olhos.”

“O bom da vida é viajar.”

3

Referring to specific objects

Used to replace a noun previously mentioned.

“Quero a vermelha, não a azul.”

“Comprei a cara, não a barata.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 将形容词转化为名词 (Nominalização)
形容词 后缀 生成的名词 含义
Belo (美丽的)
-eza
A beleza
美/美丽
Rápido (快的)
-ez
A rapidez
速度/快速
Leal (忠诚的)
-dade
A lealdade
忠诚
Feliz (快乐的)
-idade
A felicidade
幸福/快乐
Bom (好的)
-dade (不规则)
A bondade
善良
Útil (有用的)
-idade
A utilidade
用途/效用
Alto (高的)
-ura
A altura
高度

正式程度

正式
O importante é estudar.

O importante é estudar. (General advice)

中性
O importante é estudar.

O importante é estudar. (General advice)

非正式
O importante é estudar.

O importante é estudar. (General advice)

俚语
O lance é estudar.

O lance é estudar. (General advice)

形容词转名词的方法

形容词

抽象状态

  • -idade Feliz → Felicidade
  • -ez/-eza Belo → Beleza

抽象概念

  • O + 形容词 O bom (好的部分)

冠词之战：葡语 vs 西语

葡萄牙语
O bom 好的事物
O importante 重要的事情
西班牙语
Lo bueno 好的事物
Lo importante 重要的事情

如何选择后缀（经验法则）

1

是以 -vel 结尾吗？ (如 Amável)

YES
使用 -bilidade (Amabilidade)
NO
下一步
2

是元音结尾的双音节词吗？ (如 Belo, Rico)

YES
尝试 -eza (Beleza, Riqueza)
NO
尝试 -idade (Leal -> Lealdade)

常见后缀家族

🧠

-idade (状态)

  • • Felicidade
  • • Lealdade
  • • Capacidade
✨

-eza (品质)

  • • Beleza
  • • Tristeza
  • • Limpeza
😐

-ez (特质)

  • • Timidez
  • • Rapidez
  • • Sensatez
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按水平分级的例句

1

O grande é melhor.

The big one is better.

2

A pequena é bonita.

The small one is pretty.

3

O novo é caro.

The new one is expensive.

4

A azul é minha.

The blue one is mine.

1

Os ricos vivem bem.

The rich live well.

2

As bonitas estão aqui.

The pretty ones are here.

3

O importante é a saúde.

The important thing is health.

4

Não quero a velha.

I don't want the old one.

1

Os jovens precisam de espaço.

The young need space.

2

O melhor de tudo é viajar.

The best thing of all is traveling.

3

As difíceis são as melhores.

The difficult ones are the best.

4

Prefiro a barata à cara.

I prefer the cheap one to the expensive one.

1

O essencial é invisível.

The essential is invisible.

2

Os responsáveis serão punidos.

The responsible ones will be punished.

3

A inteligente da turma passou.

The smart one in the class passed.

4

O engraçado é que ninguém viu.

The funny thing is that no one saw it.

1

O sublime e o ridículo estão próximos.

The sublime and the ridiculous are close.

2

Os desfavorecidos clamam por justiça.

The disadvantaged cry out for justice.

3

O inusitado da situação me surpreendeu.

The unusualness of the situation surprised me.

4

As presentes concordaram com a proposta.

The women present agreed with the proposal.

1

O imponderável da vida nos fascina.

The imponderable of life fascinates us.

2

Os insensatos ignoram a realidade.

The foolish ignore reality.

3

A inefável beleza daquele momento.

The ineffable beauty of that moment.

4

O contraditório é inerente ao ser humano.

The contradictory is inherent to human beings.

容易混淆

Turning Adjectives into Nouns (Nominalization) 对比 Adjective as modifier vs. Nominalized adjective

Learners mix up 'O carro vermelho' (modifier) and 'O vermelho' (noun).

Turning Adjectives into Nouns (Nominalization) 对比 Nominalization vs. Pronouns

Learners use 'isso' instead of a nominalized adjective.

Turning Adjectives into Nouns (Nominalization) 对比 Gender of abstract nouns

Learners use feminine for abstract concepts.

常见错误

✗

Bonito é bom

✓

O bonito é bom

Missing article.
✗

O bonita

✓

A bonita

Gender mismatch.
✗

Os bonito

✓

Os bonitos

Number mismatch.
✗

A grande é o carro

✓

O grande é o carro

Article must match the noun.
✗

Quero a azul

✓

Quero a azul (if referring to a feminine noun)

Context dependency.
✗

O importante são as coisas

✓

O importante é...

Verb agreement.
✗

Os rico

✓

Os ricos

Missing plural marker.
✗

O melhor de todos são...

✓

O melhor de todos é...

Singular subject.
✗

A difícil é a vida

✓

O difícil é a vida

Abstract concepts are usually masculine.
✗

Os jovem

✓

Os jovens

Pluralization error.
✗

O sublime são momentos

✓

O sublime é um momento

Subject-verb agreement.
✗

A inusitado

✓

O inusitado

Gender of abstract noun.
✗

Os desfavorecido

✓

Os desfavorecidos

Pluralization.

句型

O ___ é muito importante.

Eu prefiro a ___ à ___.

Os ___ sempre sabem o que fazer.

O ___ da situação é que ninguém sabia.

Real World Usage

Social Media constant

O melhor de hoje foi o café.

Shopping very common

Quero a azul, por favor.

Job Interview common

Os responsáveis pela equipe são...

Travel common

O difícil é encontrar o hotel.

Food Delivery common

A grande é para quantas pessoas?

Academic Writing common

O inusitado do fenômeno.

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⚠️

警惕西班牙语的“Lo”

如果你学过西班牙语，请立刻从大脑里删掉 Lo。在葡萄牙语中，表达抽象形容词时永远用 O。例如： O importante é participar.
🎯

瞬间提升高级感

与其说“这很难” (É muito difícil)，不如尝试说“难度极大” (A dificuldade é imensa)。使用名词会让你的表达听起来更学术、更专业。 A dificuldade é imensa.
💬

用 O 来强调

巴西人特别喜欢用 O + 形容词来总结某种情况，这在口语中非常地道。比如： O chato é que... (讨厌的是……)。

Smart Tips

Use a nominalized adjective instead of repeating the noun.

Eu quero a camisa azul, não a camisa vermelha. → Eu quero a azul, não a vermelha.

Use 'O + Adjective' for abstract ideas.

A coisa importante é estudar. → O importante é estudar.

Use 'Os/As + Adjective' for groups.

As pessoas ricas são felizes. → Os ricos são felizes.

Use the article to point out specific items.

Eu quero o sapato grande. → Eu quero o grande.

发音

o bo-NI-to

Article stress

Articles are unstressed, but the adjective retains its stress.

Declarative

O importante é a saúde ↓

Finality

记住它

记忆技巧

Add an article to the front, and the adjective becomes a noun in the hunt.

视觉联想

Imagine an adjective wearing a hat (the article). Once it puts on the hat, it becomes a person or a thing.

Rhyme

Add 'o' or 'a' to the start, to make the adjective play a noun's part.

Story

Maria went to the store. She saw a red bag and a blue bag. She said, 'I want the red one,' but in Portuguese, she said 'Quero a vermelha.' The adjective 'vermelha' became a noun because of the article 'a'.

Word Web

O importanteOs jovensA melhorAs bonitasO difícilOs responsáveis

挑战

Look around your room and describe three objects using only an article and an adjective (e.g., 'A redonda' for a ball).

文化笔记

Very common in daily speech to use 'o' for abstract concepts.

Similar to Brazil, but slightly more formal in written usage.

Follows standard Portuguese rules.

Derived from Latin, where adjectives could function as substantives.

对话开场白

“

Qual é o melhor filme que você já viu?

“

O que é o mais importante na vida?

“

Como você descreveria os jovens de hoje?

“

O que é o mais difícil de aprender português?

日记主题

Descreva o que é o mais importante para você.
Compare os ricos e os pobres na sua sociedade.
Escreva sobre o inusitado que aconteceu no seu dia.
Reflita sobre o sublime e o ridículo na arte.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

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Test Yourself

使用正确的后缀将括号中的形容词转换为名词。

A ___ (leal) dele é inquestionável.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: lealdade
形容词 'leal' 的名词形式使用后缀 '-dade'。Leal -> Lealdade。
选择表达“重要的事情”的正确方式。 多项选择

选择正确的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O importante é ser feliz.
葡萄牙语使用阳性冠词 'O' 来引导抽象形容词（“重要的事情”）。葡语中没有 'Lo' 这个冠词。
修正名词化过程中的错误。 Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

A rapidade da entrega me surpreendeu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A rapidez da entrega me surpreendeu.
'Rápido' 的名词形式是 'rapidez' (后缀 -ez)，而不是 'rapidade'。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct article.

___ importante é ser feliz.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O
Abstract concepts are masculine.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A bonita é boa
Gender agreement.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Os jovem estão aqui.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Os jovens estão aqui
Plural agreement.
Transform the adjective into a noun. Sentence Transformation

A casa grande é bonita. -> A ___ é bonita.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a grande
Nominalization.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Can any adjective be nominalized?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Yes, with the right article.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Qual camisa você quer? B: Quero ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a azul
Gender agreement.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

importante / é / O / estudar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O importante é estudar
Correct word order.
Match the adjective to the noun. Match Pairs

Match: 1. O, 2. A, 3. Os, 4. As

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-bonito, 2-bonita, 3-bonitos, 4-bonitas
Gender/Number agreement.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

13 exercises
将 'triste' 转换为抽象名词。 填空

A ___ (triste) tomou conta do lugar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tristeza
将 'capaz' 转换为名词。 填空

Duvido da sua ___ (capaz) de resolver isso.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: capacidade
如何表达“奇怪的是……”？ 多项选择

选择最佳选项：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O estranho é que ele não ligou.
找出错误。 Error Correction

A belura dessa paisagem é incrível.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A beleza dessa paisagem é incrível.
将形容词与其名词形式匹配。 Match Pairs

连接配对：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["Rico - Riqueza","Pobre - Pobreza","Certo - Certeza"]
重组句子：'诚实是本质的。' Sentence Reorder

essencial / honestidade / A / é

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A honestidade é essencial
将 'velho' (老的) 转换为表示“晚年/老龄”的名词。 填空

A ___ (velho) chega para todos.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: velhice
翻译“最好的尚未来临”。 翻译

The best is yet to come.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O melhor ainda está por vir.
哪个后缀适合 'Sincero'？ 多项选择

Eu aprecio a sua ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sinceridade
修正性别错误。 Error Correction

O lealdade dele é admirável.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A lealdade dele é admirável.
将 'Frio' (冷的) 转换为表示温度概念的名词。 填空

Faz muito ___ (frio) aqui.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: frio
识别 'Tímido' (害羞的) 的抽象名词。 多项选择

Ele precisa vencer a ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: timidez
将 'Novo' (新的) 转换为表示“新鲜事/新奇”的名词。 填空

Eu adoro uma ___ (novo).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: novidade

Score: /13

常见问题 (8)

Yes, almost any adjective can be nominalized if the context is clear.

In Portuguese, the masculine singular is the default for abstract or neuter-like concepts.

It is used in all registers, from casual texting to formal academic writing.

If it has an article and stands alone as a subject or object, it's a noun.

Use 'os' or 'as' and make the adjective plural too.

Yes, 'a vermelha' (the red one) is very common.

The rule is the same, but some specific nominalized forms might be more common in one region.

Forgetting the article or failing to match the gender.

Scaffolded Practice

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2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

Lo + Adjective

Portuguese uses 'o' for both specific and abstract, Spanish uses 'lo' for abstract.

French high

Le/La + Adjective

French is less flexible with abstract nominalization than Portuguese.

German moderate

Das + Adjective

German uses capitalization; Portuguese uses articles.

Japanese low

Adjective + no

Japanese uses a particle after the adjective.

Arabic moderate

Al + Adjective

Arabic is highly inflected for case.

Chinese low

Adjective + de

Chinese has no gender or number agreement.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
葡萄牙语名词化：如何将动词转换为名词
Next
葡萄牙语名词化：将动词转化为名词 (Nominalização)

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