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A1 noun #1,500 最常用 11分钟阅读

doutor

前1,500

At the A1 level, 'doutor' is primarily learned as the word for a medical doctor. Students learn to use it in basic survival situations, such as visiting a clinic or hospital. The focus is on the noun itself, its gender (doutor/doutora), and simple sentence structures like 'Eu vou ao doutor' (I am going to the doctor). Learners at this stage should understand that 'doutor' is a polite way to address a physician directly. They also learn to pair it with basic verbs like 'ser' (to be) and 'estar' (to be) to describe a doctor's presence or state. The concept of the definite article ('o' or 'a') before the title is introduced here as a fundamental rule of Portuguese syntax that differs from English. Exercises usually involve identifying the doctor in a picture or completing simple sentences about health.

At the A2 level, the use of 'doutor' expands to include more complex interactions. Learners start to use the word in the context of making appointments ('marcar uma consulta com o doutor') and describing symptoms. They also begin to recognize that 'doutor' can be used for professionals other than physicians, such as lawyers, especially in cultural notes about Brazil or Portugal. The grammar focus shifts to pluralization ('doutores') and the use of possessives ('o meu doutor'). Learners are expected to handle short dialogues where they address a doctor respectfully using 'Senhor Doutor' or 'Senhora Doutora.' They also learn to distinguish between the profession 'médico' and the title 'doutor' in more varied contexts.

At the B1 level, students explore the social and cultural nuances of the word 'doutor.' They learn about the historical reasons why certain professions use this title and the social hierarchy it implies. Discussions might include the 'doutorado' (PhD) process and how it differs from medical practice. Learners can now use 'doutor' in more abstract sentences, such as discussing the importance of doctors in society or comparing healthcare systems. Grammar-wise, they use 'doutor' with more advanced tenses, like the preterite and imperfect, to tell stories about past medical visits. They also start to understand the use of 'doutor' in formal letters and emails, including the correct abbreviations (Dr./Dra.).

At the B2 level, learners are expected to understand the subtle registers of 'doutor.' This includes recognizing when the title is used ironically, sarcastically, or as a mark of extreme deference in literature and media. They can participate in debates about whether the title 'doutor' should be used for all university graduates, a common topic of social discussion in Portugal. Their vocabulary expands to include related terms like 'doutoramento,' 'tese,' and 'acadêmico.' They can read more complex texts, such as news articles or short stories, where 'doutor' might refer to a political figure or a high-ranking official. The focus is on fluid use in both formal and informal professional settings.

At the C1 level, the word 'doutor' is understood in all its historical and legal complexity. Learners can analyze the legal decrees that established the title for lawyers and physicians in Brazil and discuss the sociological implications of 'doutorismo' (the social phenomenon of overvaluing titles). They are comfortable using the word in highly formal academic or legal writing. They understand the nuances of addressing someone as 'Excelentíssimo Senhor Doutor' in official correspondence. At this stage, the learner can also appreciate the use of the word in classical Portuguese literature, where it often carries specific class-based connotations. They can navigate professional environments where the choice of title (Doutor vs. Professor vs. Engenheiro) is a sensitive matter of etiquette.

At the C2 level, the mastery of 'doutor' is near-native. The learner understands the etymological roots from Latin 'doctor' (teacher) and how this evolved differently in various Romance languages. They can engage in high-level academic discourse about the evolution of professional titles in the Lusophone world. They are aware of regional variations in the usage of 'doutor' across all Portuguese-speaking countries, including Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde. They can use the word with perfect pragmatic competence, knowing exactly when to use it to show respect, when to omit it to build rapport, and how to interpret its use by others in any given social or professional hierarchy. Their understanding is supplemented by a deep knowledge of cultural references and idioms involving the word.

开始练习例句笔记与提示

doutor 30秒了解

Doutor means doctor (medical) or a person with a PhD.
Use 'doutora' for women and 'doutores' for the plural.
In Brazil, lawyers are also called 'doutor' as a sign of respect.
Always use a definite article (o/a) when talking about a doctor.

The Portuguese word doutor is a fundamental noun that every learner must master, but its usage extends far beyond the simple English translation of 'doctor.' At its core, especially at the A1 level, it refers to a medical professional—someone you see when you are ill or need a check-up. However, the cultural weight of this word in the Lusophone world (Portuguese-speaking countries) is significant. In Portugal and Brazil, doutor (and its feminine form doutora) serves as a title of respect and social standing. Historically, it was reserved for those who held a doctorate degree, but over centuries, it evolved into a common honorific for physicians, lawyers, and often anyone perceived to be in a position of high professional authority or educational achievement.

Medical Context: When you enter a hospital or a clinic, you will address the practitioner as 'doutor' or 'doutora.' While the technical word for the profession is 'médico,' it is considered more polite and standard to use 'doutor' as a direct address.

O doutor examinou o paciente com muito cuidado ontem de manhã.

In Brazil, the use of doutor is particularly prevalent for lawyers (advogados). This stems from a 19th-century imperial decree by Dom Pedro II, which granted the title to graduates of law and medicine. Even today, if you are speaking to a lawyer in a formal setting, calling them 'doutor' is the norm. In Portugal, the usage is slightly more traditional; it is often applied to anyone with a university degree (licenciatura), although this practice is becoming less common among younger generations who prefer more egalitarian terms. However, in formal correspondence or when addressing an elder professional, 'Senhor Doutor' (Mr. Doctor) remains a very common and respectful formula.

Academic Context: Strictly speaking, a 'doutor' is someone who has completed a 'doutorado' (PhD). In a university setting, you would use this title for professors who have achieved this level of research.

A doutora Silva é a coordenadora do departamento de biologia.

Understanding the nuance between 'médico' and 'doutor' is key. If someone asks 'Qual é a sua profissão?' (What is your profession?), you answer 'Sou médico' (I am a doctor). But if you are calling out to them in a hallway, you say 'Doutor, pode ajudar-me?' (Doctor, can you help me?). It functions as both a noun and a vocative title. In very informal Brazilian Portuguese, you might even hear 'doutor' used sarcastically or as a friendly slang for someone who is acting 'too smart' or 'important,' but as a learner, it is best to stick to its respectful, professional applications.

Social Hierarchy: In some rural areas, 'doutor' might be used for any person of perceived higher social class, regardless of their actual degree, reflecting a historical deference to education.

Bom dia, doutor, como vai a sua família?

Using doutor correctly involves understanding Portuguese grammar rules regarding gender, number, and the use of definite articles. Unlike English, where you might say 'Doctor Smith is here,' in Portuguese, you almost always use the definite article before the title when talking about the person: 'O doutor Smith está aqui.' This is a crucial distinction for English speakers to learn early on.

Gender Agreement: Portuguese is a gendered language. 'Doutor' is masculine, and 'doutora' is feminine. The articles and adjectives must match: 'O doutor é simpático' vs. 'A doutora é simpática.'

A doutora Ana vai chegar ao consultório às dez horas.

When pluralizing, 'doutor' becomes 'doutores.' If you are referring to a group of male doctors or a mixed group of male and female doctors, you use the masculine plural 'os doutores.' If the group consists only of women, you use 'as doutoras.' This follows the standard 'masculine as default' rule in Portuguese grammar. For example, 'Os doutores estão em reunião' (The doctors are in a meeting).

Direct Address (Vocative): When speaking directly to the person, you omit the article. You simply say, 'Doutor, tenho uma dúvida' (Doctor, I have a question). Adding 'Senhor' or 'Senhora' before it makes it even more formal: 'Senhor Doutor, pode assinar isto?'

Desculpe, doutor, pode repetir a explicação sobre o medicamento?

In terms of sentence placement, doutor typically functions as the subject or the object of a sentence. Because it is a common noun, it follows standard Portuguese syntax. For example, 'Eu vi o doutor no hospital' (I saw the doctor at the hospital). Here, 'o doutor' is the direct object. If you want to specify the type of doctor, you usually use the preposition 'de' or an adjective: 'doutor de crianças' (pediatrician, though 'pediatra' is more common) or 'doutor assistente.'

Possessive Usage: When talking about 'my doctor,' you say 'o meu doutor' or 'a minha doutora.' Note the use of the article before the possessive pronoun, which is standard in most Portuguese dialects.

O meu doutor recomendou que eu fizesse mais exercício físico.

Nós precisamos de falar com os doutores antes da cirurgia.

You will encounter the word doutor in a variety of real-world settings, ranging from the highly formal to the everyday. The most obvious place is the 'hospital' or 'centro de saúde' (health center). In these environments, the word is ubiquitous. You will hear nurses calling for the doctor, patients waiting in the 'sala de espera' (waiting room) talking about their appointments, and administrative staff organizing schedules.

The Medical Environment: In a clinic, you'll hear: 'O doutor já vai atendê-lo' (The doctor will see you shortly). It is the standard way to refer to the medical staff without being overly clinical.

Na recepção, a secretária disse: 'O doutor está com um pequeno atraso hoje.'

Another very common place to hear doutor is in the legal system. In Brazil, if you visit a 'fórum' (courthouse) or an 'escritório de advocacia' (law firm), you will hear everyone from the receptionist to the judge using 'doutor' to address the lawyers. It is a mark of professional respect that is deeply ingrained in the culture. Even in news reports, a lawyer might be introduced as 'o doutor [Name],' emphasizing their expertise and status.

Media and Telenovelas: Portuguese and Brazilian soap operas (telenovelas) are great places to hear this word. Characters often use it to show deference, or sometimes ironically to highlight someone's arrogance.

Na novela, a empregada sempre chama o patrão de doutor Carlos.

In academic settings, such as the University of Coimbra in Portugal or the University of São Paulo in Brazil, 'doutor' is the formal title for those who have defended their 'tese de doutorado.' During graduation ceremonies or formal lectures, you will hear it used repeatedly. It signifies a level of mastery over a subject. Furthermore, in formal Portuguese society, especially among the older generation, 'doutor' is used as a polite way to address any man who appears to be an educated professional, even if his specific degree is unknown to the speaker.

Public Service and Administration: In government offices, high-ranking officials are often addressed as 'doutor' as a matter of protocol, regardless of whether they are medical doctors or PhD holders.

O senhor ministro é doutor em Economia pela Universidade de Lisboa.

A vizinha disse que o filho dela agora é doutor em engenharia.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using doutor is forgetting the definite article. In English, we say 'Doctor, I'm ready' or 'Doctor Smith is coming.' In Portuguese, while you can say 'Doutor, estou pronto' (direct address), you cannot say 'Doutor Smith está vindo' without the article. It must be 'O doutor Smith está vindo.' Skipping the 'o' or 'a' makes the sentence sound unnatural and grammatically incomplete to a native ear.

Confusing 'Doutor' with 'Médico': While they both refer to medical professionals, 'médico' is the noun for the profession, and 'doutor' is the title. You would say 'Eu quero ser médico' (I want to be a doctor), not 'Eu quero ser doutor' (unless you specifically mean you want the PhD title).

Errado: Eu vou ao médico Silva. Correto: Eu vou ao doutor Silva.

Another common error is gender mismatch. Learners often use 'doutor' for both men and women, similar to the gender-neutral 'doctor' in English. However, in Portuguese, you must use doutora for a female doctor. Calling a female physician 'o doutor' is a significant grammatical error and can sometimes be perceived as a lack of respect or attention to detail. Always check the gender of the person you are referring to.

Overusing the Title: In very informal or modern settings, especially among friends, calling someone 'doutor' can sound overly stiff or even sarcastic. If your friend is a doctor, you just call them by their name unless you are in their office.

Não diga 'doutor' para o seu amigo no bar, a menos que queira fazer uma piada.

Spelling is another area where mistakes occur. Some learners confuse 'doutor' with 'dotor,' which is a non-standard, colloquial pronunciation sometimes heard in rural areas but never used in writing. Always include the 'u.' Additionally, the plural 'doutores' follows the rule for words ending in 'r' (add -es), but some learners mistakenly try to use 'doutors,' which is incorrect. Lastly, be careful with the abbreviation: 'Dr.' is for men, 'Dra.' is for women. Using 'Dr.' for a woman in a written letter is a common mistake for beginners.

Pronunciation Pitfall: Avoid pronouncing the 'ou' like the 'ou' in 'out.' It is a single, smooth sound in Portuguese, more like a very closed 'o'.

O doutor (dou-tor) e não (dau-tor).

As doutoras estão prontas para começar a cirurgia agora.

While doutor is the most common term for a doctor, Portuguese offers several synonyms and related words depending on the context and level of formality. Understanding these alternatives will help you sound more like a native speaker and allow you to navigate different social situations with ease.

Médico / Médica: This is the direct name of the profession. Use it when talking about the job itself. 'Ela é médica' (She is a doctor). It is less of a title and more of a job description.

O hospital contratou dez novos médicos este mês.

In more formal or technical contexts, you might encounter the word facultativo. This is a somewhat old-fashioned or very formal term for a physician, often used in legal documents or insurance papers. Another term is clínico, which usually refers to a general practitioner (clínico geral). If you are referring to a specialist, you would use the specific term, such as 'cirurgião' (surgeon), 'pediatra' (pediatrician), or 'cardiologista' (cardiologist).

Comparison: Doutor vs. Professor: In academic settings, 'Professor' is the title for the role of teaching, while 'Doutor' is the title for the degree. A person can be both: 'O Professor Doutor Santos.'

O Professor Doutor dará a palestra magna na segunda-feira.

For those with a PhD who are not medical doctors, the term acadêmico or investigador (researcher) might be used to describe their role, but 'doutor' remains their title. In Brazil, you might also hear the term mestre. While 'mestre' technically means someone with a Master's degree, it is also used as a respectful title for experts in a craft, like a 'mestre de obras' (construction foreman) or a 'mestre de capoeira.'

Especialista: Use this when you want to emphasize that the doctor is an expert in a specific field. 'Vou consultar um especialista em pele.'

O doutor é um grande especialista em doenças do coração.

A doutora é a melhor cirurgiã deste hospital da cidade.

How Formal Is It?

正式

中性

非正式

Child friendly

俚语

趣味小知识

The word 'doctor' and 'docent' share the same root. In the early universities of the 12th century, a 'doctor' was simply someone licensed to teach. It wasn't until much later that it became primarily associated with medicine.

发音指南

UK /doʊˈtoɾ/

US /doʊˈtoʁ/

The stress is on the last syllable: dou-TOR.

押韵词

amor calor favor flor motor professor senhor valor

常见错误

Pronouncing 'ou' like the English 'ow' in 'now'.
Putting the stress on the first syllable (DOU-tor).
Failing to pronounce the final 'r' clearly in European Portuguese.
Pronouncing the 'd' too sharply (it should be soft).
Confusing the feminine 'doutora' pronunciation (dou-TO-ra).

难度评级

阅读 1/5

Very easy to recognize due to similarity with English 'doctor'.

写作 2/5

Requires remembering the 'u' in 'doutor' and the feminine 'doutora'.

口语 2/5

The 'ou' diphthong and the final 'r' require some practice for perfect pronunciation.

听力 1/5

Usually very clear in context, even with regional accents.

接下来学什么

前置知识

o a ser estar hospital

接下来学习

enfermeiro remédio consulta saúde doença

高级

doutorado tese prognóstico diagnóstico jurisprudência

需要掌握的语法

Definite Articles with Titles

O doutor (The doctor) vs. Doutor (Doctor - direct address).

Gender Agreement

O doutor simpático vs. A doutora simpática.

Pluralization of words ending in 'r'

Doutor + es = Doutores.

Contractions with Prepositions

Vou ao (a + o) doutor.

Possessive Adjectives

O meu doutor, a sua doutora.

按水平分级的例句

O doutor é muito bom.

The doctor is very good.

Uses the definite article 'o' before the title.

A doutora está no hospital.

The doctor (female) is at the hospital.

Feminine form 'doutora' with feminine article 'a'.

Eu vou ao doutor hoje.

I am going to the doctor today.

Contraction of 'a' (to) + 'o' (the) = 'ao'.

O doutor fala português.

The doctor speaks Portuguese.

Subject-verb agreement: 'fala' (speaks).

Onde está o doutor?

Where is the doctor?

Interrogative sentence structure.

O doutor deu o remédio.

The doctor gave the medicine.

Past tense 'deu' (gave).

A doutora é simpática.

The doctor (female) is nice.

Adjective agreement: 'simpática' (feminine).

O doutor João é meu amigo.

Doctor João is my friend.

Using 'doutor' with a first name.

Preciso de marcar uma consulta com o doutor.

I need to schedule an appointment with the doctor.

Verb 'precisar de' requires the preposition 'de'.

Os doutores estão em uma reunião importante.

The doctors are in an important meeting.

Plural form 'doutores'.

A doutora receitou um novo tratamento.

The doctor prescribed a new treatment.

Past tense 'receitou' (prescribed).

O meu doutor mora perto da minha casa.

My doctor lives near my house.

Possessive 'o meu doutor'.

Você conhece aquela doutora?

Do you know that doctor (female)?

Demonstrative 'aquela' (that).

O doutor não pode atender agora.

The doctor cannot see you now.

Negative structure with 'não'.

Doutor, dói-me muito a cabeça.

Doctor, my head hurts a lot.

Vocative use (direct address) without article.

A doutora Silva trabalha nesta clínica.

Doctor Silva works in this clinic.

Using 'doutora' with a last name.

O doutor explicou os riscos da operação.

The doctor explained the risks of the operation.

Complex direct object 'os riscos da operação'.

Sempre que vou ao hospital, vejo o mesmo doutor.

Whenever I go to the hospital, I see the same doctor.

Use of 'sempre que' for habitual actions.

A doutora que me atendeu era muito profissional.

The doctor who saw me was very professional.

Relative clause starting with 'que'.

Espero que o doutor chegue logo.

I hope the doctor arrives soon.

Subjunctive mood 'chegue' after 'espero que'.

O doutor disse que eu deveria descansar mais.

The doctor said that I should rest more.

Indirect speech with 'disse que'.

Fomos apresentados ao doutor durante o jantar.

We were introduced to the doctor during dinner.

Passive voice 'fomos apresentados'.

A doutora é especialista em doenças raras.

The doctor is a specialist in rare diseases.

Noun 'especialista' used as a complement.

Se eu fosse doutor, ajudaria muitas pessoas.

If I were a doctor, I would help many people.

Conditional sentence with 'se eu fosse'.

O título de doutor exige anos de dedicação e estudo.

The title of doctor requires years of dedication and study.

Abstract use of 'doutor' as a title.

O advogado foi chamado de doutor pelo cliente.

The lawyer was called 'doctor' by the client.

Cultural usage for lawyers in Brazil.

A doutora defendeu a sua tese com distinção e louvor.

The doctor defended her thesis with distinction and praise.

Academic context of the word.

Embora seja doutor, ele prefere ser chamado pelo nome.

Although he is a doctor, he prefers to be called by his name.

Concessive clause with 'embora'.

O prestígio de ser doutor ainda é muito forte na sociedade.

The prestige of being a doctor is still very strong in society.

Gerund 'ser' used as a noun.

O doutor solicitou os exames laboratoriais imediatamente.

The doctor requested the laboratory tests immediately.

Formal verb 'solicitou'.

A Dra. Mendes é reconhecida internacionalmente pela sua pesquisa.

Dr. Mendes is internationally recognized for her research.

Abbreviation 'Dra.' used with a surname.

Muitos doutores estão migrando para o setor privado.

Many doctors are migrating to the private sector.

Quantifier 'muitos' with plural noun.

A proliferação do uso do termo doutor reflete hierarquias sociais.

The proliferation of the use of the term doctor reflects social hierarchies.

Sociolinguistic analysis context.

O réu dirigiu-se ao juiz como 'Senhor Doutor'.

The defendant addressed the judge as 'Mister Doctor'.

Formal honorific usage.

É imperativo que o doutor analise o prontuário antes da decisão.

It is imperative that the doctor analyzes the medical record before the decision.

Impersonal expression with subjunctive 'analise'.

A tese de doutorado do Dr. Arantes revolucionou a área.

Dr. Arantes' doctoral thesis revolutionized the field.

Possessive structure 'de + o' = 'do'.

Não obstante ser doutor, ele carece de empatia com os pacientes.

Notwithstanding being a doctor, he lacks empathy with patients.

Formal connector 'não obstante'.

O uso anacrônico de 'doutor' para licenciados está a cair em desuso.

The anachronistic use of 'doctor' for graduates is falling out of use.

Complex adjective 'anacrônico'.

A doutora em questão possui um currículo invejável.

The doctor in question has an enviable curriculum.

Idiomatic expression 'em questão'.

Os doutores honoris causa foram homenageados pela universidade.

The honorary doctors were honored by the university.

Latin phrase 'honoris causa' used in Portuguese.

A semântica de 'doutor' transmutou-se ao longo dos séculos.

The semantics of 'doctor' has transmuted over the centuries.

Pronominal verb 'transmutar-se'.

O 'doutorismo' é uma chaga que ainda permeia a burocracia estatal.

The obsession with titles is a plague that still permeates state bureaucracy.

Metaphorical use of 'chaga' (wound/plague).

O autor satiriza a figura do doutor pedante na sua última obra.

The author satirizes the figure of the pedantic doctor in his latest work.

Literary analysis context.

A doutrina foi estabelecida por eminentes doutores da Igreja.

The doctrine was established by eminent doctors of the Church.

Historical/Religious context.

Sob a égide do doutor, o projeto de pesquisa floresceu.

Under the aegis of the doctor, the research project flourished.

Formal expression 'sob a égide de'.

A distinção entre o saber prático e o título de doutor é abismal.

The distinction between practical knowledge and the title of doctor is abysmal.

Philosophical comparison.

O doutor, em sua infinita sapiência, declinou o convite.

The doctor, in his infinite wisdom, declined the invitation.

Irony and formal vocabulary 'sapiência'.

Raras são as ocasiões em que um doutor admite o seu erro.

Rare are the occasions when a doctor admits his error.

Inverted sentence structure for emphasis.

常见搭配

doutor em

consultar o doutor

doutor honoris causa

chamar o doutor

doutor assistente

falar com o doutor

doutor de família

doutor de plantão

visita do doutor

conselho do doutor

常用短语

O doutor já vem.

Vou ao doutor.

Doutor, o que eu tenho?

O doutor mandou.

Falar com o doutor.

O doutor está?

Senhor Doutor.

Doutor de serviço.

Doutora, por favor.

Obrigado, doutor.

容易混淆的词

doutor vs médico

Médico is the profession, Doutor is the title/address.

doutor vs professor

A professor teaches; a doutor has a degree. One person can be both.

doutor vs mestre

Mestre is for a Master's degree; Doutor is for a Doctorate.

习语与表达

"Brincar aos doutores"

To play doctor. Often used to describe children playing or adults acting unprofessionally.

As crianças estão no quarto a brincar aos doutores.

informal

"Armar-se em doutor"

To act like a know-it-all or to pretend to be more important than one is.

Ele não sabe nada, mas gosta de se armar em doutor.

slang/informal

"Doutor da mula russa"

A fake doctor or someone who gives bad advice. A humorous or derogatory term.

Não ouças o que ele diz, ele é um doutor da mula russa.

slang

"Santo de casa não faz milagre, mas o doutor sim"

A variation of 'no one is a prophet in their own land,' implying that an outside expert (the doctor) is trusted more than family.

Tentei ajudar, mas ela só ouve o doutor.

colloquial

"Doutor em tudo"

Someone who thinks they are an expert in every subject.

O meu vizinho é doutor em tudo, sempre tem uma opinião.

informal

"Ir ao doutor das máquinas"

To take something (like a car or computer) to a specialist/mechanic.

O meu carro avariou, tenho de ir ao doutor das máquinas.

humorous

"Fazer o doutorado"

To go through a very difficult or long process (metaphorical).

Este projeto foi tão difícil que parece que fiz um doutorado.

informal

"Palavra de doutor"

Something that is absolutely true or trustworthy because an expert said it.

Podes confiar, é palavra de doutor.

colloquial

"Doutor de papel"

Someone who has the degree but lacks practical skill or common sense.

Ele tem o diploma, mas é um doutor de papel.

informal

"Consultar o doutor sono"

To go to sleep. A playful way to say one is tired.

Estou exausto, vou consultar o doutor sono.

child-friendly/informal

容易混淆

doutor vs Doutrina

Similar spelling and root.

Doutrina means 'doctrine' or 'teaching,' while doutor is the person.

A doutrina médica mudou muito.

doutor vs Douto

It is the adjective form.

Douto means 'learned' or 'wise.' It is much less common than doutor.

Ele é um homem muito douto.

doutor vs Dotado

Sounds slightly similar.

Dotado means 'gifted' or 'talented.'

Ele é um aluno dotado.

doutor vs Doutorado

Related noun.

Doutorado is the degree itself (PhD), not the person.

Ela terminou o doutorado.

doutor vs Doutora

Gender variation.

Must be used specifically for females; never use 'doutor' for a woman.

A doutora está ocupada.

句型

O doutor é + [adjective].

O doutor é bom.

Eu vou ao doutor.

Eu vou ao doutor hoje.

O doutor [Name] + [verb].

O doutor Silva trabalha aqui.

Preciso de falar com o doutor.

Preciso de falar com o doutor agora.

O doutor disse que + [clause].

O doutor disse que eu estou bem.

A doutora que + [verb]...

A doutora que me ajudou é gentil.

Apesar de ser doutor, + [clause].

Apesar de ser doutor, ele é humilde.

O título de doutor confere + [noun].

O título de doutor confere autoridade.

词族

名词

动词

形容词

如何使用

frequency

Extremely high in daily life and professional settings.

常见错误

Using 'doutor' for a woman. → doutora
Professional titles in Portuguese must agree with the gender of the person.
Omission of the definite article. → O doutor está aqui.
In Portuguese, titles require an article when referring to the person in the third person.
Spelling it as 'dotor'. → doutor
The 'u' is mandatory in standard written Portuguese.
Pluralizing as 'doutors'. → doutores
Words ending in 'r' form the plural by adding 'es'.
Using 'Dr.' for a woman in writing. → Dra.
The abbreviation must reflect the gender of the person.

小贴士

Definite Article Rule

Always use 'o' or 'a' before 'doutor' when talking about them. It's 'O doutor chegou,' not 'Doutor chegou.'

Lawyers are Doctors too

In Brazil, don't be surprised if people call lawyers 'doutor.' It's a standard mark of respect in the legal profession.

The 'OU' Sound

The 'ou' in 'doutor' is one sound, like the 'o' in 'bone.' Don't split it into two vowels.

When in doubt, use it

If you are in a medical or legal setting and aren't sure how to address someone, 'doutor' is a safe and polite choice.

Abbreviations

Use 'Dr.' for men and 'Dra.' for women. This is essential for formal emails and letters.

Doutor vs Médico

Use 'médico' for the job ('Eu sou médico') and 'doutor' as the title ('O doutor Silva').

PhD Context

In a university, 'doutor' is only for those who have completed their PhD. Students are 'alunos' or 'doutorandos'.

Feminine Form

Never forget 'doutora.' Portuguese is very strict about gender agreement for professional titles.

Senhor Doutor

In Portugal, adding 'Senhor' before 'Doutor' makes you sound extremely polite and well-educated.

Sarcastic Use

Be aware that calling a friend 'doutor' when they are acting bossy is a common way to tease them.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'DO-U-TOR'. 'DO' you need a 'TOUR' of the hospital? Ask the DOUTOR!

视觉联想

Imagine a doctor holding a giant 'U' shaped stethoscope. The 'U' in the middle of DOUTOR helps you remember the spelling.

Word Web

médico hospital saúde remédio doutorado professor advogado título

挑战

Try to use 'doutor' and 'doutora' in five different sentences today, making sure to include the definite article 'o' or 'a' each time.

词源

From the Latin 'doctor', which is the agent noun of 'docere' (to teach). In medieval Latin, it referred to a religious teacher or a master of a craft.

原始含义： Teacher or instructor.

Romance (Latin root).

文化背景

Be careful not to assume every professional is a 'doutor.' If someone is an engineer, they are addressed as 'Engenheiro.' Using the wrong professional title can sometimes be a minor social faux pas.

English speakers often find it strange to call a lawyer 'doctor,' but in Portuguese, it is standard practice.

Doutor Jivago (Doctor Zhivago - famous book/movie title in PT) Doutor Roberto (nickname for the founder of TV Globo in Brazil) Doutores da Alegria (a famous Brazilian NGO of clown doctors)

在生活中练习

真实语境

At the Hospital

Onde está o doutor?
O doutor já vem?
Preciso de um doutor.
Obrigado, doutor.

At a Law Firm

O doutor está livre?
Bom dia, doutor.
O doutor assinou o papel?
Vou falar com o doutor.

At the University

Ele é doutor em física.
A doutora é a orientadora.
O título de doutor é importante.
Eles são doutores.

In a Pharmacy

O doutor receitou isto.
Tenho a receita do doutor.
O doutor disse para tomar isto.
O doutor é muito cuidadoso.

Social Gatherings

Este é o doutor Silva.
A doutora Ana é minha vizinha.
O filho dele é doutor.
Conheces algum bom doutor?

对话开场白

"Você já foi ao doutor este ano para um check-up?"

"Qual é o nome do seu doutor de família?"

"Você acha que é difícil tornar-se um doutor hoje em dia?"

"Na sua opinião, o doutor deve ser sempre muito formal?"

"Você conhece algum doutor que fale muitas línguas?"

日记主题

Descreva a sua última visita ao doutor. Como foi a experiência?

Se você pudesse ser doutor em qualquer assunto, o que escolheria?

Escreva sobre a importância dos doutores na nossa sociedade atual.

Imagine um diálogo entre um doutor e um paciente que não quer tomar o remédio.

Como a tecnologia está mudando o trabalho de um doutor?

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, in Brazil and Portugal, it is very common to address dentists as 'doutor' or 'doutora.' It follows the same logic as medical doctors. While their specific profession is 'dentista,' the title of respect remains the same in a clinical setting.

In a professional setting like a hospital or law firm, it is generally expected. Not using it might make you seem overly informal or even disrespectful, especially with older professionals. However, younger professionals are often more relaxed about it.

In Portuguese, we don't usually use the English 'Ph.D.' abbreviation. We use 'Dr.' for both medical doctors and those with a doctorate. If you want to be specific about the academic degree, you say 'Doutor em [Subject].'

No. When speaking directly to the doctor, you say 'Bom dia, doutor.' You only use 'o' when talking about him to someone else: 'O doutor é simpático.'

Usually, no. Engineers have their own title: 'Engenheiro' or 'Engenheira.' In very formal settings, you would say 'Senhor Engenheiro.' Calling an engineer 'doutor' is technically incorrect, though it happens occasionally in very informal contexts.

The plural of 'doutora' is 'doutoras.' You simply add an 's' at the end. For example: 'As doutoras estão na conferência.' This is simpler than the masculine plural 'doutores.'

Yes, but the social weight varies. It is most prominent in Brazil and Portugal. In countries like Angola or Mozambique, it is also used, but 'médico' is very common for health professionals to ensure clarity in public health contexts.

This is a tradition dating back to an 1827 decree by the Emperor of Brazil. It officially gave the title of 'doutor' to law graduates. It has remained a deeply ingrained social custom ever since.

A 'doutorando' is a student who is currently enrolled in a doctoral program (PhD) but has not yet finished their thesis. Once they finish, they become a 'doutor.'

Only in a humorous or metaphorical way. A veterinarian is a 'veterinário,' but you might jokingly call them the 'doutor dos bichos' (doctor of the animals).