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B1 verb #3,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 11 دقيقة للقراءة

確立する

kakuritsu suru
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح 確立する في 30 ثانية
الشرح 確立する in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning their journey into the Japanese language, focusing primarily on foundational grammar, basic vocabulary, and essential daily expressions. Words like 確立する (kakuritsu suru) are generally far beyond the scope of an A1 curriculum, which prioritizes immediate, practical communication needs such as introducing oneself, ordering food, asking for directions, and describing simple daily routines. An A1 learner is busy mastering the hiragana and katakana scripts, along with a handful of basic kanji like numbers, days of the week, and simple verbs like 食べる (taberu - to eat) or 行く (iku - to go). The concept of 'establishing an abstract system or theory' is simply not a topic that arises in A1 textbooks or conversations. However, it is conceptually useful for an A1 learner to understand that Japanese, like English, has specific words for different types of actions. While an A1 learner might use the very basic verb 作る (tsukuru - to make) to describe creating almost anything—from making dinner to making a rule—they should be aware that as they progress, they will learn more precise vocabulary. If an A1 learner wants to express the idea of 'making a rule' or 'starting something new,' they would rely on simpler constructions. They might say 新しいルールを作ります (atarashii ruuru o tsukurimasu - I make a new rule) or 始めます (hajimemasu - to start). These simple verbs serve as the foundational building blocks. As the learner continues their studies, they will eventually encounter the kanji 確 and 立 individually before seeing them combined. Recognizing that Japanese vocabulary becomes increasingly specialized and nuanced as one advances is an important mindset for an A1 learner to adopt, preparing them for the rich, complex vocabulary they will encounter in the future.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the A2 level, learners are expanding their ability to communicate about familiar, routine matters and are beginning to express past experiences, future plans, and simple opinions. They are acquiring more vocabulary related to work, school, hobbies, and daily life. While 確立する (kakuritsu suru) is still generally considered too advanced and formal for standard A2 production, learners at this stage might begin to encounter the individual kanji that make up the word. They will likely learn 立 (tatsu - to stand) in the context of physical actions, such as 立ちます (tachimasu - to stand up). They might also start seeing the kanji 確 in words like 確認する (kakunin suru - to confirm or check), which is a very common and useful word in daily life and basic business interactions. An A2 learner's ability to express the concept of 'establishing' remains tied to simpler, more versatile verbs. They might use 決める (kimeru - to decide) to talk about establishing a rule, or 始める (hajimeru - to begin) to talk about establishing a new habit. For example, instead of saying 'I established a study routine,' an A2 learner would say '毎日勉強することに決めました' (I decided to study every day). The formal nuance of 確立する—the idea of solidifying an abstract concept into a permanent state—is difficult to capture with A2 grammar and vocabulary. However, exposure to slightly more formal texts, perhaps simplified news articles or graded readers, might introduce them to the visual shape of the word. The A2 stage is about building a robust foundation of everyday language, which eventually serves as the platform from which learners can reach for the more abstract, specialized vocabulary like 確立する in the intermediate stages of their language acquisition journey.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the B1 level, learners cross the threshold into intermediate Japanese, where the focus shifts from simple daily survival to expressing more complex ideas, understanding main points of clear standard input, and dealing with situations likely to arise while travelling or working. It is at this stage that 確立する (kakuritsu suru) officially enters the learner's vocabulary radar. B1 learners are beginning to read more authentic materials, such as short news articles, opinion pieces, and essays, where formal vocabulary is common. They are also learning to distinguish between spoken language (話し言葉) and written language (書き言葉). 確立する is a quintessential example of written or formal vocabulary. A B1 learner should understand that this word means 'to establish' but specifically applies to abstract concepts like systems, methods, rights, or status. They must learn to differentiate it from 設立する (setsuritsu suru - to establish a company/organization), which they will also learn at this level. A key grammatical milestone at B1 is mastering the te-iru form for states, which is crucial for using 確立する correctly. A B1 learner should be able to comprehend and produce sentences like '新しい制度が確立されました' (A new system was established) or '彼の地位は確立している' (His position is established). They are also expanding their knowledge of kanji compounds (熟語 - jukugo), and understanding how 確 (firm/certain) and 立 (stand/establish) combine to create the meaning of 'firmly establishing' is a great exercise in kanji logic. While a B1 learner might still occasionally default to simpler verbs like 作る (tsukuru) or 決める (kimeru) in spontaneous speech, they should strive to incorporate 確立する when writing formal essays or discussing social, political, or academic topics, thereby elevating the sophistication of their Japanese.
At the B2 level, learners possess a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. They can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization. For a B2 learner, 確立する (kakuritsu suru) is no longer just a vocabulary word to be memorized; it is an active, essential tool for articulate communication. B2 learners are expected to use this word accurately in discussions, presentations, and written reports. They should be fully comfortable with its collocations, knowing instinctively to pair it with nouns like 基礎 (kiso - foundation), 権利 (kenri - rights), 信頼関係 (shinrai kankei - relationship of trust), and 手法 (shuhou - methodology). They understand the subtle nuances that separate 確立する from its synonyms like 構築する (kouchiku suru - to construct/build) and 定着する (teichaku suru - to take root). A B2 learner can effortlessly navigate the passive constructions (確立される) often found in news reports and academic papers. Furthermore, they can use it to express complex states and ongoing processes, such as '現在、新しい評価基準を確立しようとしているところです' (We are currently in the process of trying to establish a new evaluation standard). At this level, the misuse of 確立する (such as using it for physical buildings or companies) should be entirely eliminated. The learner's vocabulary is becoming highly refined, allowing them to express not just the basic action of making something, but the formal, abstract, and permanent nature of institutionalizing a concept. Mastery of words like 確立する at the B2 level demonstrates a clear transition from conversational competence to professional and academic proficiency in the Japanese language.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C1 level, learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. For a C1 learner, the use of 確立する (kakuritsu suru) is automatic, precise, and highly nuanced. They wield this word with the same dexterity as an educated native speaker. At this advanced stage, learners are engaging with complex literature, advanced academic research, and high-level business negotiations. They encounter 確立する in dense, sophisticated contexts, such as philosophical treatises discussing the 'establishment of the self' (自我の確立) or legal documents detailing the 'establishment of precedent' (判例の確立). A C1 learner understands not only the denotation of the word but its connotations—the sense of unshakeable permanence, rigorous validation, and authoritative consensus that the word implies. They can use it to construct elegant, persuasive arguments in essays or debates. For instance, they might argue, '持続可能な社会を実現するためには、新たな倫理観の確立が不可欠である' (In order to realize a sustainable society, the establishment of a new ethical framework is indispensable). Furthermore, C1 learners are adept at nominalizing the verb, using '確立' as a noun in complex compound structures, such as '確立に向けた取り組み' (efforts aimed at establishment) or '未確立の分野' (an unestablished field). They are also sensitive to the register of the word, knowing exactly when its formal tone is required and when a softer, more colloquial expression might be better suited for the social dynamic. At the C1 level, vocabulary is no longer about simple translation; it is about manipulating language to convey exact shades of meaning, and 確立する is a prime instrument for achieving that precision.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C2 level, the learner's capacity with the Japanese language is virtually indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. They can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations. For a C2 learner, 確立する (kakuritsu suru) is fully integrated into a vast, interconnected web of advanced vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, and cultural knowledge. They do not merely use the word correctly; they play with its boundaries and utilize it in highly specialized, abstract, or even poetic contexts. A C2 learner might analyze how the 'establishment' of certain historical narratives (歴史的記述の確立) has shaped modern Japanese identity, or critique the 'establishment of systemic inequalities' (構造的不平等の確立) in sociological discourse. They are entirely comfortable with archaic or highly literary variations and can comprehend texts from different historical periods where the usage might slightly vary. At this pinnacle of language mastery, the learner understands the etymological roots of the kanji 確 and 立 on a profound level, perhaps even recognizing their usage in classical Chinese texts (Kanbun) that influenced Japanese. They can effortlessly switch between 確立する, 構築する, 創設する, and 制定する, choosing the absolute perfect word for the specific rhythm, tone, and semantic requirement of their sentence. The word 確立する, for a C2 learner, is a testament to their complete mastery over the abstract, formal, and intellectual dimensions of the Japanese language, allowing them to contribute meaningfully to any academic, professional, or philosophical discourse in Japan.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

確立する في 30 ثانية

  • Means 'to establish' or 'to solidify' an abstract concept, ensuring it is firm and stable.
  • Commonly paired with nouns like system (制度), theory (理論), rights (権利), and status (地位).
  • Used in formal contexts such as business, academia, law, and news broadcasts.
  • Distinct from 設立 (establishing a company) and 建設 (constructing a building).
Understanding the multifaceted nature of the Japanese verb 確立する (kakuritsu suru) requires a deep and comprehensive dive into both its structural components and its broader sociolinguistic applications within modern Japanese discourse. When we analyze this vocabulary word, we are not merely looking at a simple translation of 'to establish'; rather, we are examining a profound linguistic tool that conveys the solidification, stabilization, and formal institutionalization of abstract concepts, systems, methodologies, and personal identities. The journey of mastering this word begins with its kanji.
Kanji Breakdown
The word is composed of two powerful kanji characters: 確 (kaku), meaning certain, sure, or firm, and 立 (ritsu or tatsu), meaning to stand, to rise, or to establish.
When these two characters are brought together, they form a compound that goes far beyond the simple physical act of standing something up. Instead, they convey the metaphorical and abstract process of solidifying a foundation, ensuring that a system, a theory, a method, or an identity is so firmly rooted that it cannot be easily shaken, dismantled, or ignored by external forces.

新しい理論を確立する。

This is not about building a physical house; it is about building an unshakable conceptual framework. In academic, business, and formal contexts, 確立する is the verb of choice when discussing the creation of robust policies, the formulation of groundbreaking scientific theories, or the cementing of one's professional reputation. The nuance here is one of permanence and reliability. When a company establishes a new management system, they are not just trying it out; they are embedding it into the very fabric of their corporate culture.

経営基盤を確立する。

When a scientist establishes a new methodology, they are presenting a rigorously tested approach that others can rely upon. This sense of certainty and stability is what distinguishes 確立する from other similar verbs.
Semantic Nuance
It implies a process—a journey from uncertainty or instability to a state of firm establishment. It is rarely an instantaneous action but rather the culmination of effort, negotiation, research, or time.
Therefore, it is frequently paired with nouns that represent complex, abstract entities: rights (権利), systems (制度), relationships (関係), status (地位), and identity (アイデンティティ).

自己のアイデンティティを確立する。

By mastering the intricate nuances of 確立する, learners unlock a powerful tool for expressing complex ideas about stability, permanence, and foundational strength in Japanese. This mastery not only enhances one's vocabulary but also provides deeper insight into the Japanese cultural emphasis on order, reliability, and the careful construction of social and intellectual frameworks.

信頼関係を確立する。

As you continue to encounter this word in reading materials, news broadcasts, and professional conversations, pay close attention to the nouns it modifies and the contexts in which it appears.
Active Observation
This active observation will solidify your understanding and enable you to use 確立する with the confidence and accuracy of a native speaker, thereby elevating your overall Japanese proficiency to new heights.

国家の独立を確立する。

Ultimately, the word encapsulates the human desire to create lasting, meaningful structures in an otherwise chaotic world, making it an indispensable part of advanced Japanese communication.
To effectively utilize the verb 確立する (kakuritsu suru) in everyday and professional Japanese, one must carefully consider the grammatical structures, collocations, and contextual appropriateness that govern its application. Because it is a suru-verb (verbal noun), it functions both as a noun (確立 - establishment) and as a verb (確立する - to establish).
Grammatical Function
As a transitive verb, it typically takes the particle を (wo) to indicate the object being established.
The objects that precede を are almost universally abstract nouns representing systems, concepts, positions, or methodologies.

新しい治療法を確立する。

For instance, one might say '新しい治療法を確立する' (to establish a new medical treatment method). In this sentence, the treatment method is an abstract concept that has been researched, tested, and finally solidified into a reliable practice. The passive form, 確立される (kakuritsu sareru), is also exceptionally common, particularly in academic writing, news reports, and historical accounts where the agent (the person who established it) is less important than the fact that the establishment occurred.

その理論は19世紀に確立された。

For example, 'その理論は19世紀に確立された' (That theory was established in the 19th century). This passive construction lends an objective, authoritative tone to the statement.
Adjectival Usage
Furthermore, 確立 can be used to modify other nouns using the particle の (no) or by forming compound nouns, though this is less frequent than its verbal usage.
When expressing the state of something having been established, the te-iru form (確立している) is crucial.

彼の地位はすでに確立している。

'彼の地位はすでに確立している' translates to 'His position is already established' (meaning it is currently in a firm, stable state). This distinction between the action of establishing (確立する) and the state of being established (確立している) is a common stumbling block for learners but is essential for precise communication. In business settings, you will frequently hear phrases like '目標を確立する' (to establish goals) or 'ブランドイメージを確立する' (to establish a brand image).

ブランドイメージを確立する。

In these contexts, the word conveys a sense of strategic planning and long-term vision. It is not merely about coming up with an idea, but about executing it until it becomes a recognized reality.
Collocations
Common collocations include 基礎を確立する (establish a foundation), 権利を確立する (establish rights), and 連絡網を確立する (establish a communication network).
By familiarizing yourself with these common pairings, you can begin to use 確立する more intuitively.

安全基準を確立する。

Remember that because of its formal tone, it is best suited for written Japanese (書き言葉 - kakikotoba) or formal spoken Japanese (改まった話し言葉 - aratamatta hanashikotoba), such as in presentations, news broadcasts, or professional meetings, rather than casual chats with friends.
The verb 確立する (kakuritsu suru) is a cornerstone of formal Japanese vocabulary, and as such, its appearances are heavily concentrated in specific registers and contexts that demand precision, authority, and professional discourse. You are highly unlikely to hear this word in a casual conversation at an izakaya or while chatting with friends about weekend plans.
News and Media
Instead, its natural habitat is the realm of news broadcasts, academic lectures, corporate boardrooms, and political speeches.
When watching Japanese news programs (ニュース番組), particularly segments dealing with politics, economics, or international relations, 確立する appears frequently.

両国は新たな外交関係を確立した。

News anchors might report on a government's effort to 'establish a new social security system' (新しい社会保障制度を確立する) or two nations working to 'establish peaceful relations' (平和的関係を確立する). In the business world, it is a buzzword used in strategic planning and corporate communications.

市場での優位性を確立する。

Company presidents and managers use it to articulate long-term goals, such as 'establishing a competitive advantage in the market' (市場での優位性を確立する) or 'establishing a robust supply chain' (強固なサプライチェーンを確立する).
Academic Contexts
In academic and scientific contexts, the word is indispensable for describing the validation of research.
Researchers publish papers aiming to 'establish a new methodology' (新しい研究手法を確立する) or to declare that a 'causal relationship has been established' (因果関係が確立された).

新しい評価基準を確立する。

It conveys the rigorous testing and peer review that underpins scientific consensus. Furthermore, in the fields of law and human rights, 確立する is used to discuss the cementing of legal precedents or the securing of fundamental rights, such as 'establishing the rights of minorities' (少数派の権利を確立する). Beyond these highly formal settings, you might also encounter it in documentaries, historical texts, and biographical literature.

独自の画風を確立した。

When narrating the life of a famous artist or thinker, a biographer might describe how they 'established their unique style' (独自のスタイルを確立した) after years of struggle.
Personal Development
Even in self-help or psychological literature, it is used to discuss 'establishing one's identity' (自我を確立する).
Therefore, while it may not be a word you use every day in casual speech, recognizing 確立する is absolutely essential for anyone aiming to comprehend high-level Japanese media, participate in professional environments, or engage with academic and intellectual content.

確固たる自己を確立する。

Its presence signals that the topic at hand is serious, structured, and of significant importance.
When Japanese learners first encounter the verb 確立する (kakuritsu suru), they often make several predictable semantic and grammatical errors due to the subtle differences between Japanese and English vocabulary structures. The most prevalent mistake is confusing 確立する with other verbs that translate to 'establish' in English, particularly 設立する (setsuritsu suru) and 建設する (kensetsu suru).
Lexical Confusion
English speakers use 'establish' for a wide variety of actions: establishing a company, establishing a building, establishing a rule. In Japanese, these require different verbs.
設立する is specifically used for the legal or formal founding of organizations, institutions, or companies.

❌ 会社を確立する。 (Incorrect)

Therefore, saying '会社を確立する' (to establish a company) sounds unnatural; the correct phrase is '会社を設立する'. Similarly, 建設する is used for the physical construction of buildings or infrastructure. Saying '新しい病院を確立する' (to establish a new hospital) is incorrect if you mean building the physical structure; you should use 建設する or 建てる (tateru).

⭕️ 会社を設立する。 (Correct)

確立する must be reserved for abstract concepts: systems, theories, relationships, status, and methodologies. Another common grammatical mistake involves the misuse of tense and aspect, specifically the failure to use the te-iru form (確立している) when describing a state.
Tense and Aspect Errors
Learners often use the simple past tense (確立した) when they actually mean that something is currently in an established state.
If you want to say 'His reputation is established,' saying '彼の評判は確立する' (His reputation will establish) or '彼の評判は確立した' (His reputation established [in the past]) might not convey the ongoing stability of that reputation.

❌ 彼の地位は確立する。 (Unnatural for current state)

The most natural phrasing is '彼の評判は確立している' (His reputation is in an established state). Furthermore, learners sometimes struggle with the pronunciation, mistakenly voicing the first consonant of the second kanji, saying 'kakudatsu' instead of the correct 'kakuritsu'.

⭕️ 彼の地位は確立している。 (Correct)

The reading of 立 here is 'ritsu', not 'tatsu' or 'datsu'. Finally, learners might overuse the word in casual contexts.
Register Inappropriateness
Using 確立する to describe simple, everyday decisions or minor personal habits sounds overly grandiose and unnatural.
For example, saying '毎朝コーヒーを飲む習慣を確立した' (I established the habit of drinking coffee every morning) sounds a bit too formal and stiff for casual conversation, where '習慣になった' (it became a habit) would be much more appropriate.

❌ 毎日のルーティンを確立する。 (Too formal for casual chat)

By avoiding these common pitfalls—matching the verb to abstract nouns, using the correct aspect, ensuring proper pronunciation, and respecting the formal register—learners can master the use of 確立する.
Navigating the landscape of Japanese vocabulary requires a keen understanding of synonyms and related terms, especially for a complex concept like 'establishing.' While 確立する (kakuritsu suru) is a highly useful word, it exists within a network of similar verbs that carry distinct nuances.
設立する (Setsuritsu suru)
The most frequently confused synonym is 設立する. While both translate to 'establish,' 設立する is strictly used for the founding of formal organizations, institutions, corporations, or schools.
You establish (設立) a company, but you establish (確立) a corporate philosophy.

新しい財団を設立する。

Another closely related word is 創立する (souritsu suru), which also means to found or establish, but it carries a heavier historical weight, often used for the original founding of venerable institutions like universities or historic organizations. Then there is 制定する (seitei suru), which means to enact or establish laws, rules, or regulations.

新しい法律を制定する。

If a government creates a new constitution, they 制定する it. While a legal system as a whole might be 確立された (established/solidified over time), the specific laws are 制定された (enacted).
構築する (Kouchiku suru)
Another excellent synonym to know is 構築する, which means to build, construct, or formulate.
Like 確立する, 構築する is often used with abstract concepts, such as 'building a theory' (理論を構築する) or 'building a network' (ネットワークを構築する).

新しいシステムを構築する。

The nuance difference is subtle: 構築する emphasizes the active, structural process of putting the pieces together, whereas 確立する emphasizes the final state of firmness, stability, and unshakeable foundation. You might 構築 (build) a system first, and once it is running flawlessly and permanently, it is considered 確立 (established). For more physical establishment, 定着する (teichaku suru) is useful. It means to take root, to become established, or to settle in.

新しい習慣が定着する。

It is often used for customs, habits, or words that have become firmly embedded in a culture or society. For example, 'テレワークが定着した' (Telework has become established/taken root).
Summary of Nuances
Understanding these distinctions allows for much greater precision in expression.
Using 確立する when you mean 設立する will mark you as a non-native speaker immediately.

各単語のニュアンスの違いを理解する。

By mapping out this network of synonyms—設立 (organizations), 創立 (historic founding), 制定 (laws), 構築 (building systems), and 定着 (taking root)—you can clearly see the specific, abstract, and stabilizing role that 確立する plays in the Japanese language.

How Formal Is It?

مستوى الصعوبة

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Suru-verbs (Verbal Nouns)

Transitive vs. Intransitive verbs

Te-iru form for states (確立している)

Passive voice (確立される)

Nominalization (確立すること)

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أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

これは新しいルールです。

This is a new rule. (Using simple vocabulary instead of establish)

A1 uses simple nouns and 'desu'.

2

私がルールを作ります。

I make the rule.

Uses basic verb 作る (tsukuru - to make).

3

新しいやり方を始めます。

We will start a new way of doing things.

Uses 始める (hajimeru - to start).

4

ルールを決めました。

I decided on the rule.

Uses 決める (kimeru - to decide).

5

いい方法ですね。

That is a good method.

Basic adjective and noun pairing.

6

システムを作りました。

I made a system.

Past tense of tsukuru.

7

これから始めましょう。

Let's start from now.

Volitional form of hajimeru.

8

それは大切です。

That is important.

Basic description using taisetsu.

1

新しいルールを作ることにしました。

We decided to make a new rule.

Uses koto ni suru for decisions.

2

このやり方が一番いいと思います。

I think this method is the best.

Expressing opinion with to omoimasu.

3

会社を新しく作りました。

I made a new company.

Still using basic verbs for complex actions.

4

みんなで約束を決めました。

We all decided on a promise/rule.

Using kimeta for group decisions.

5

これから新しい習慣を始めます。

I will start a new habit from now on.

Connecting habit (shuukan) with start (hajimeru).

6

この方法はまだよくわかりません。

I don't understand this method well yet.

Expressing lack of understanding.

7

しっかりした計画が必要です。

A firm plan is necessary.

Using shikkari shita for 'firm'.

8

新しいシステムが動いています。

The new system is running.

Using te-iru for ongoing state.

1

新しい治療法を確立する。

To establish a new medical treatment.

Standard transitive use with wo.

2

彼の地位は確立している。

His position is established.

Using te-iru for an established state.

3

安全なシステムが確立されました。

A safe system was established.

Passive form kakuritsu sareru.

4

信頼関係を確立することが大切です。

It is important to establish a relationship of trust.

Nominalizing with koto.

5

新しい理論を確立するために研究しています。

I am researching in order to establish a new theory.

Using tame ni for purpose.

6

その方法はまだ確立されていません。

That method has not been established yet.

Negative passive te-iru form.

7

独自のスタイルを確立した画家。

A painter who established a unique style.

Modifying a noun with the past tense.

8

基礎を確立しなければなりません。

We must establish a foundation.

Using nakereba narimasen for obligation.

1

長期的な経営基盤を確立する方針だ。

It is our policy to establish a long-term management foundation.

Using houshin (policy) to express intent.

2

国際的な評価基準が確立されつつある。

International evaluation standards are in the process of being established.

Using tsutsu aru for an ongoing, developing process.

3

アイデンティティの確立は青年期の重要な課題である。

The establishment of identity is an important task of adolescence.

Using kakuritsu as a noun (establishment).

4

この技術はすでに業界標準として確立している。

This technology is already established as the industry standard.

Using to shite (as) with the te-iru state.

5

法治国家としての体制を確立する。

To establish a system as a nation governed by the rule of law.

Formal vocabulary pairing (taisei - system/structure).

6

新たなビジネスモデルの確立が急務となっている。

The establishment of a new business model has become an urgent task.

Using kyuumu (urgent task) with the noun form.

7

彼らは独自の供給網を確立することに成功した。

They succeeded in establishing their own supply chain.

Using ni seikou suru (succeed in).

8

原因と結果の因果関係を確立するのは難しい。

It is difficult to establish a causal relationship between cause and effect.

Academic context (ingakankei - causal relationship).

1

持続可能な社会を実現するためには、新たな倫理観の確立が不可欠である。

In order to realize a sustainable society, the establishment of a new ethical framework is indispensable.

Highly formal academic/essay structure using fukaketsu (indispensable).

2

最高裁の判決により、新たな判例が確立されたと言える。

It can be said that a new precedent was established by the Supreme Court's ruling.

Legal context using hanrei (precedent).

3

自己確立の過程において、他者との葛藤は避けて通れない。

In the process of self-establishment, conflict with others is unavoidable.

Psychological context (jiko kakuritsu - self-establishment).

4

当該分野における彼の学問的権威は、揺るぎないものとして確立している。

His academic authority in the relevant field is established as something unshakeable.

Using yuruginai (unshakeable) to emphasize the state.

5

国家の主権を確立し、外部からの干渉を排除する。

To establish national sovereignty and eliminate external interference.

Political context using shuken (sovereignty).

6

未確立の技術に依存することは、多大なリスクを伴う。

Relying on unestablished technology entails significant risk.

Using the prefix mi- (un-) to mean 'unestablished'.

7

長年の実証研究を経て、ついにその仮説は定説として確立を見た。

After years of empirical research, the hypothesis finally saw its establishment as an accepted theory.

Literary/formal phrasing 'kakuritsu o mita' (saw establishment).

8

強固なコンプライアンス体制の確立が、企業の存続を左右する。

The establishment of a robust compliance system dictates the survival of a company.

Business context using sayuu suru (dictate/influence).

1

歴史的記述の確立は、常に権力者のイデオロギーと不可分に結びついている。

The establishment of historical narratives is always inextricably linked to the ideology of those in power.

Advanced academic critique using fukabun (inextricably).

2

普遍的妥当性を持つ理論体系の確立こそが、彼の生涯を懸けた悲願であった。

The establishment of a theoretical system with universal validity was the very earnest wish he staked his life on.

Highly literary expression using higan (earnest wish).

3

制度的疲労が指摘される中、次世代を見据えた新たな社会基盤の確立が急がれる。

Amidst pointing out institutional fatigue, the establishment of a new social foundation looking toward the next generation is urgently required.

Societal analysis using isogareru (is urgently required).

4

言語規範の確立は、方言の多様性を周縁化する暴力性を孕んでいる。

The establishment of linguistic norms carries a violent nature that marginalizes the diversity of dialects.

Linguistic/sociological critique using harande iru (carries/is pregnant with).

5

自己言及的なパラドックスを回避しつつ、公理系を確立する試み。

An attempt to establish an axiomatic system while avoiding self-referential paradoxes.

Mathematical/philosophical context (kourikei - axiomatic system).

6

文化相対主義の視座から、絶対的な価値基準の確立に疑義を呈する。

From the perspective of cultural relativism, one presents doubts regarding the establishment of absolute value standards.

Philosophical discourse using gigi o tei suru (present doubts).

7

法の支配の確立は、単なる法典の整備にとどまらず、精神的風土の成熟を要求する。

The establishment of the rule of law does not stop at mere codification, but demands the maturation of the spiritual climate.

Jurisprudential analysis using todomarazu (does not stop at).

8

覇権国の交代期において、新たな国際秩序の確立は不可避の陣痛を伴う。

During a period of transition of hegemonic powers, the establishment of a new international order is accompanied by inevitable labor pains.

International relations context using jintsuu (labor pains/struggle).

تلازمات شائعة

制度を確立する
理論を確立する
地位を確立する
権利を確立する
基礎を確立する
関係を確立する
手法を確立する
アイデンティティを確立する
体制を確立する
方針を確立する

العبارات الشائعة

自己を確立する
信頼関係を確立する
安全基準を確立する
独自のスタイルを確立する
揺るぎない地位を確立する
法治国家を確立する
新しいビジネスモデルを確立する
外交関係を確立する
評価基準を確立する
平和を確立する

يُخلط عادةً مع

確立する vs 設立する (To establish an organization/company)

確立する vs 建設する (To construct a building)

確立する vs 創立する (To found an institution)

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"基礎を固める"
"根を下ろす"
"不動の地位を築く"
"礎を築く"
"足場を固める"
"地盤を固める"
"確固たるものにする"
"金字塔を打ち立てる"
"一時代を画する"
"軌道に乗せる"

سهل الخلط

確立する vs

確立する vs

確立する vs

確立する vs

確立する vs

أنماط الجُمل

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

nuance

Implies a journey from instability to stability. It is not an instant action but the result of effort.

collocation warning

Do not use with 会社 (company) or 建物 (building).

أخطاء شائعة
  • Using 確立する to mean 'establishing a company' (Should be 設立する).
  • Using 確立する to mean 'constructing a building' (Should be 建設する).
  • Saying 確立する (future tense) when describing a currently established state (Should be 確立している).
  • Pronouncing it as 'kakudatsu' instead of 'kakuritsu'.
  • Using it in highly casual conversations where simple verbs like 作る or 決める would be more natural.

نصائح

Master the Te-iru Form

Always remember that 'is established' translates to 確立している, not 確立する. The te-iru form is essential for expressing the ongoing state of stability. Without it, you are talking about a future action. Practice saying 'すでに確立している' (It is already established).

Don't Build Houses with It

Never use 確立する for physical objects. It is strictly for abstract concepts. If you can touch it, you probably shouldn't use 確立する. Use 建設する for buildings instead.

Companies vs. Systems

A very common mistake is saying 会社を確立する. This is wrong. You 設立 (setsuritsu) a company, but you 確立 (kakuritsu) a corporate system. Keep this distinction clear to sound native.

Beware of Homophones

When listening, be aware that 確率 (probability) sounds exactly the same. Use context clues. If they are talking about percentages, it's probability. If they are talking about rules, it's establishment.

Elevate Your Essays

Using 確立する in your JLPT N2 or N1 essays will immediately elevate your writing. It shows the grader that you understand formal vocabulary and abstract concepts. Pair it with words like 基礎 (foundation).

Know Your Audience

Save this word for the boardroom, the classroom, or formal speeches. Using it at a drinking party to describe your new diet plan will sound comical. Match the formality of the word to the situation.

Learn in Chunks

Don't learn 確立する in isolation. Learn it as part of a phrase: 制度を確立する (establish a system) or 地位を確立する (establish a position). This makes retrieval much faster during conversation.

Scan the News

Read the business or politics section of a Japanese newspaper. You will find 確立する used frequently. Seeing it in its natural habitat will reinforce your understanding of its formal register.

Analyze the Roots

Remember the kanji: 確 (firm) + 立 (stand). If you ever forget the meaning, just think of something 'standing firmly'. This visual mnemonic is very powerful for retention.

Passive Power

Get comfortable with the passive form 確立される. In formal Japanese, the agent (who did it) is often omitted, making the passive voice extremely common. 'A new law was established' -> 新しい法律が確立された。

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Imagine a CACTUS (kaku) standing on its ROOTS (ritsu) in the desert. It is firmly ESTABLISHED and cannot be blown away.

أصل الكلمة

السياق الثقافي

In academia, claiming to have 'established' a theory is a bold statement requiring extensive peer review and empirical backing.

In business, 'kakuritsu' often appears in mid-term management plans (中期経営計画) to signal a shift from an experimental phase to a stable, operational phase.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"日本の会社で新しい制度を確立するのは難しいと思いますか？"

"あなたが自分自身のアイデンティティを確立したのはいつ頃ですか？"

"リモートワークの文化は、あなたの国で確立していますか？"

"信頼関係を確立するために一番大切なことは何だと思いますか？"

"新しい習慣を確立するための良いアドバイスはありますか？"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

Describe a time when you had to establish a new habit or routine. Use 確立する.

Write about a system or rule in your country that is firmly established.

Discuss the importance of establishing a strong foundation in language learning.

How do companies establish trust with their customers?

Write a short essay on the establishment of human rights.

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

No, that is a very common mistake. For establishing a company, organization, or institution, you must use 設立する (setsuritsu suru). 確立する is reserved for abstract concepts like systems, theories, or relationships. Using it for a company sounds unnatural to native speakers. Always remember: 設立 for entities, 確立 for concepts.

Both are used for abstract concepts, but they focus on different parts of the process. 構築する (kouchiku suru) means 'to build or construct' and focuses on the active process of putting the pieces of a system or theory together. 確立する focuses on the final result—the state of being firmly settled, stable, and unshakeable. You build (構築) it first, so it becomes established (確立).

In Japanese, the simple present/future tense (確立する) indicates an action that will happen. If a system is already established and currently stable, it is in a continuing state. The te-iru form (確立している) expresses this ongoing state of stability. Saying '制度が確立する' means the system *will* establish, while '制度が確立している' means the system *is* established.

Generally, no. It is a highly formal word (Kango) that belongs to written Japanese (書き言葉) or formal spoken Japanese (改まった話し言葉). If you use it while chatting with friends about your daily routine, it will sound overly stiff, like reading from a textbook. For casual situations, use simpler verbs like 作る (tsukuru) or 決める (kimeru).

The correct pronunciation is 'kakuritsu'. The kanji 立 has multiple readings, including 'tatsu' (to stand) and 'ritsu' (establishment). In this specific compound, it uses the Sino-Japanese reading 'ritsu'. Practice saying 'ka-ku-ri-tsu' slowly to build muscle memory and avoid voicing the 't' into a 'd'.

Yes, absolutely. Because it is a verbal noun (suru-verb), you can drop the 'suru' and use it as a regular noun. For example, '制度の確立' (the establishment of a system) or '自己確立' (self-establishment). This is very common in academic writing and news headlines to make sentences more concise.

The prefix 未 (mi) means 'not yet'. Therefore, 未確立 (mikakuritsu) means 'unestablished' or 'not yet established'. It is often used in scientific or medical contexts to describe theories, technologies, or treatments that are still experimental and have not yet been proven reliable or standard.

No. In mathematics, 'kakuritsu' refers to 確率 (probability). It has the exact same pronunciation but uses different kanji. You must rely on the context to tell them apart. If the topic is math, dice, or weather, it's probability. If the topic is systems, rules, or theories, it's establishment.

No. 確立する is strictly for abstract concepts. You cannot establish a building, a bridge, or a monument using this word. For physical construction, you must use words like 建設する (kensetsu suru - to construct) or 建てる (tateru - to build).

The best way is to practice writing formal sentences using its common collocations. Try writing sentences pairing 確立する with 制度 (system), 理論 (theory), or 信頼関係 (relationship of trust). Reading Japanese news articles (like NHK News Web) and highlighting every time you see 確立 is also an excellent way to internalize its natural context.

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات

اختبر نفسك 108 أسئلة

/ 108 correct

Perfect score!

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