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B1 adverb 13 دقيقة للقراءة

そこで

sokode
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そこで في 30 ثانية

  • Connects ideas: shows result (so) or location (there).
  • Used after a cause to show effect, or after a place to describe an action there.
  • Versatile adverb: links sentences logically, indicating consequence or spatial reference.
  • Key for smooth Japanese: use for cause-effect or location-action connections.

Understanding そこで (Sokode)

The Japanese adverb そこで (sokode) is a versatile word that functions as a connector, indicating a consequence, a change of location, or a shift in topic. Its primary meanings revolve around 'so,' 'therefore,' 'thereupon,' or 'accordingly.' It bridges two ideas, showing that the second idea follows logically from the first, or that an action takes place at a specific location previously mentioned or implied.

Core Meanings
1. Consequence/Result: Indicating that something happens as a result of what was just said. Similar to 'so' or 'therefore' in English.
2. Location: Referring to a specific place that has been mentioned or is understood from the context. Similar to 'there' or 'in that place.'
3. Transition: Marking a shift from one topic or action to another, often implying a natural progression.

Usage Scenarios:

People use そこで in a variety of situations to create smoother, more logical connections in their speech and writing. It's particularly common in everyday conversations, narratives, and explanations.

As a Conjunction (Result)
When you want to show that something happened because of a previous event or statement, そこで is an excellent choice. For instance, if a plan didn't work out, you might say, 'It didn't go as planned, so I had to change my approach.' This is a very common usage.
Referring to a Place
If you've just talked about going to a park, and then want to describe what happened there, you'd use そこで. For example, 'I went to the park. There, I saw a beautiful flower.' This usage often replaces a more explicit repetition of the location's name.
Transitioning in Narrative
In stories or explanations, そこで can signal a natural progression. Imagine describing a series of events: 'I finished my work. Then, I decided to go for a walk.' This implies a sequence where the second action follows the first.

The train was delayed, そこで I was late for the meeting. (電車が遅延した、そこで 会議に遅刻しました。)

I arrived at the station. そこで I bought a ticket. (駅に着いた。そこで 切符を買った。)

Understanding these core functions will help you integrate そこで effectively into your Japanese. It's a crucial word for building coherent sentences and expressing logical connections.

Grammatical Function
そこで is an adverb. This means it modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, or it can act as a sentence connector. It typically appears at the beginning of the clause or sentence it introduces.

The weather was bad, そこで we stayed home. (天気が悪かった、そこで 家にいた。)

Examples in Context:

Let's look at a few more examples to solidify your understanding:

Example 1 (Result)
彼は約束の時間に遅れた。 そこで、会議は彼なしで始まった。(Kare wa yakusoku no jikan ni okureta. Sokode, kaigi wa kare nashi de hajimatta.) Translation: He was late for the appointment. Therefore, the meeting started without him.
Example 2 (Location)
公園に行った。 そこで、美しい花を見た。(Kōen ni itta. Sokode, utsukushii hana o mita.) Translation: I went to the park. There, I saw a beautiful flower.
Example 3 (Transition)
仕事が終わった。 そこで、散歩に行くことにした。(Shigoto ga owatta. Sokode, sanpo ni iku koto ni shita.) Translation: My work was finished. Then, I decided to go for a walk.

Mastering the Nuances of そこで

To effectively use そこで, it's crucial to understand its placement within a sentence and how it connects ideas. As an adverb, it often appears at the beginning of a clause or sentence, serving as a pivot between the preceding thought and the one that follows. Its versatility allows it to express logical connections, spatial relationships, and temporal sequences.

Connecting Cause and Effect

One of the most common uses of そこで is to indicate a consequence or result. In this scenario, it functions similarly to English 'so,' 'therefore,' or 'consequently.' The preceding sentence describes the cause, and the sentence introduced by そこで describes the effect.

Pattern: Cause. そこで Effect.
This structure is straightforward. The first part presents a situation or event, and そこで signals that what follows is a direct outcome of that situation.

The exam was very difficult. そこで I didn't get a good score. (試験はとても難しかった。そこで 良い点数が取れなかった。)

Example Sentence
雨が降っていた。 そこで、私たちは家で映画を見た。(Ame ga futte ita. Sokode, watashitachi wa ie de eiga o mita.) Translation: It was raining. So, we watched a movie at home.

Indicating a Specific Location

そこで can also refer to a place that has been previously mentioned or is understood from the context. In this usage, it's similar to 'there,' 'in that place,' or 'at that point.' This is particularly useful for avoiding repetition and making your sentences more fluid.

Pattern: Mention Location. そこで Action at Location.
The first sentence establishes the setting, and そこで acts as a pronoun for that location, introducing an action or observation that occurred there.

We went to the library. そこで we found many useful books. (図書館に行った。そこで 役立つ本をたくさん見つけた。)

Example Sentence
友人の家でパーティーがあった。 そこで、たくさんの友達に会った。(Yūjin no ie de pātī ga atta. Sokode, takusan no tomodachi ni atta.) Translation: There was a party at my friend's house. There, I met many friends.

Marking a Transition or Sequence

そこで can also be used to indicate a shift in topic or a natural progression of events in a narrative. It implies that the next action or thought follows logically from what came before, similar to 'then,' 'after that,' or 'subsequently.' This usage often appears in storytelling or when recounting a series of actions.

Pattern: Previous Action/Thought. そこで Next Action/Thought.
This pattern helps to guide the listener or reader through a sequence of events or ideas, ensuring a smooth flow.

I finished my homework. そこで I watched TV. (宿題が終わった。そこで テレビを見た。)

Example Sentence
彼は学校を卒業した。 そこで、彼は新しい仕事を探し始めた。(Kare wa gakkō o sotsugyō shita. Sokode, kare wa atarashii shigoto o sagashi hajimeta.) Translation: He graduated from school. Subsequently, he started looking for a new job.

Common Sentence Structures

そこで generally appears at the beginning of the sentence or clause it modifies. It's rarely placed in the middle of a sentence, as this would disrupt the flow and logical connection it's meant to create.

Placement
Most commonly: [Previous Clause/Sentence]. そこで [New Clause/Sentence].
Less common, but possible in more complex structures: [Sentence Part 1], そこで, [Sentence Part 2].

The store was closed, そこで I couldn't buy anything. (店は閉まっていた、そこで 何も買えなかった。)

By practicing these sentence structures and paying attention to the context, you'll become more adept at using そこで correctly and naturally in your Japanese conversations and writing.

Real-World Encounters with そこで

そこで is a very common adverb that you'll encounter frequently in various forms of Japanese communication. Its natural flow and logical connection-building capabilities make it a staple in everyday speech and written content.

Everyday Conversations

In casual conversations, そこで is used to link thoughts and explain actions. For example, when friends are discussing plans or recounting events, it helps to smoothly transition from one point to the next.

Scenario: Discussing a problem
Friend A: "My phone ran out of battery." (携帯のバッテリーが切れたんだ。) Friend B: "So, did you manage to call them?" (そこで、電話できた？)
Scenario: Recounting an outing
"We went to the beach. There, we saw a lot of people playing volleyball." (ビーチに行ったんだ。そこで、バレーボールをしている人がたくさんいたよ。)

Narratives and Stories

In written narratives, such as novels, manga, or even simple stories shared online, そこで is frequently used to advance the plot or describe character actions. It helps maintain a logical flow and guide the reader through the sequence of events.

Example from a story
"The hero was cornered. Thereupon, he found a hidden escape route." (ヒーローは追い詰められた。そこで、彼は隠された逃げ道を見つけた。)
Example from a blog post
"I was craving ramen. So, I went to my favorite ramen shop." (ラーメンが食べたくなった。そこで、お気に入りのラーメン屋に行った。)

Explanations and Instructions

When explaining a concept or giving instructions, そこで can be used to show the logical next step or consequence. This is common in instructional materials or when explaining how something works.

Example in instructions
"First, mix the ingredients. Then, pour the mixture into the mold." (まず、材料を混ぜてください。そこで、型に流し込んでください。)
Example in a scientific explanation
"The temperature increased. Accordingly, the ice began to melt." (温度が上昇した。そこで、氷が溶け始めた。)

Formal vs. Informal Usage

While そこで is generally considered neutral in terms of formality, its usage can feel slightly more formal when used to strictly indicate logical consequence. In very casual settings, shorter or more direct connectors might be preferred, but そこで is always understood and appropriate.

Formal Context
In academic papers or formal business reports, そこで can be used to clearly delineate cause-and-effect relationships or sequential steps.
Informal Context
In everyday conversations with friends and family, it's used naturally to connect thoughts, similar to how 'so' or 'then' is used in English.

The weather forecast predicted rain. そこで we decided to postpone the picnic. (天気予報では雨が予測されていた。そこで ピクニックを延期することにした。)

By actively listening and observing how native speakers use そこで in different situations, you will quickly develop an intuitive understanding of its meaning and application.

Avoiding Pitfalls with そこで

While そこで is a very useful word, there are a few common mistakes that learners tend to make. Understanding these can help you use it more accurately and avoid confusion.

Mistake 1: Confusing its Meanings (Location vs. Consequence)

The most frequent error is not distinguishing between そこで as an indicator of location ('there') and そこで as an indicator of consequence ('so', 'therefore').

Incorrect Usage
いもすぐにそこで出かった。(Imogusu ni sokode dekata.) - This sentence is ambiguous and potentially incorrect. It tries to say "I went out there with sweet potatoes," but it's grammatically awkward and confusing. It sounds like the sweet potatoes are the cause of going out.
Correct Usage (Location)
いもすぐにを食べた。そこで いもすぐにを出した。(Imogusu o tabeta. Sokode, imogusu o dashita.) - "I ate sweet potatoes. There, I took out sweet potatoes." (This is still a bit nonsensical, but grammatically correct for location. A better example: 店にいった。そこで 、いもすぐにを買った。(Mise ni itta. Sokode, imogusu o katta.) - "I went to the store. There, I bought sweet potatoes.")
Correct Usage (Consequence)
いもすぐにがない。そこで いもすぐにを作った。(Imogusu ga nai. Sokode, imogusu o tsukutta.) - "There are no sweet potatoes. So, I made sweet potatoes." (This implies making them from something else, which is odd. A better example: いもすぐにがない。そこで 、いもすぐにのもみたいだした。(Imogusu ga nai. Sokode, imogusu no momitai dashita.) - "There are no sweet potatoes. So, I ate sweet potato chips.")

Mistake 2: Overusing it or Using it in the Wrong Context

Like any connector, そこで can be overused, making sentences sound repetitive or unnatural. It's also important to ensure that there is a clear logical connection or spatial relationship between the two parts of the sentence.

Incorrect Usage
あさごはんをたべました。そこで いいてんです。(Asagohan o tabemashita. Sokode iiten desu.) - "I ate breakfast. So, it's fine." The connection isn't strong enough for そこで. A simple statement would be better.
Correct Usage
あさごはんをたべました。その後、勤勉に去った。(Asagohan o tabemashita. Sono ato, kinben ni itta.) - "I ate breakfast. After that, I went to the gym." (Using a different connector that fits better).

Mistake 3: Forgetting the Comma (in writing)

When writing, especially in more formal contexts, a comma is often placed after そこで to separate it from the rest of the sentence and indicate a pause, similar to English usage.

Incorrect Writing
大雨が降っていたそこで一日家にいた。(Ōame ga futte ite sokode ichinichi ie ni ita.)
Correct Writing
大雨が降っていた。そこで、一日家にいた。(Ōame ga futte ita. Sokode, ichinichi ie ni ita.) - "It was raining heavily. So, I stayed home all day."

Mistake 4: Using it as a direct replacement for 'and'

そこで implies a logical connection, not just a simple joining of two ideas. Using it where a simple 'and' (like 〜て or 〜と) would suffice can sound unnatural.

Incorrect Usage
こんにちは、そこで しんやうです。(Konnichiwa, sokode shin'yū desu.) - "Hello, so I am Shin'yu." This makes no sense. It should just be "Konnichiwa, Shin'yu desu." (Hello, I am Shin'yu.)
Correct Usage
あさごはんをたべました。そこで 、その後、仕事に去った。(Asagohan o tabemashita. Sokode, sono ato, shigoto ni itta.) - "I ate breakfast. Then, I went to work." (This shows a sequence, not just joining two unrelated facts.)

By being mindful of these common mistakes and practicing with accurate examples, you can significantly improve your understanding and use of そこで.

Exploring Alternatives to そこで

While そこで is a highly useful adverb, Japanese offers several other words and phrases that can convey similar meanings, depending on the specific nuance you want to express. Understanding these alternatives will enrich your vocabulary and allow for more precise communication.

Connecting Cause and Effect

When そこで is used to indicate a consequence or result, several alternatives can be employed:

だから (Dakara)
This is perhaps the most direct and common equivalent for 'so' or 'therefore' when expressing a logical consequence. It's widely used in both spoken and written Japanese.
Example: 天気が悪い。 だから、外出しない。(Tenki ga warui. Dakara, gaishutsu shinai.) - "The weather is bad. So, I won't go out."
Comparison to そこで: While both can mean 'so,' そこで often implies a more immediate or direct consequence, or a transition in narrative, whereas だから is a more general statement of causality.
それゆえ (Soreyue)
This is a more formal and literary equivalent of 'therefore' or 'hence.' It's often found in written texts, essays, or formal speeches.
Example: 彼は努力を続けた。 それゆえ、成功した。(Kare wa doryoku o tsuzuketa. Soreyue, seikō shita.) - "He continued to work hard. Hence, he succeeded."
Comparison to そこで: それゆえ is significantly more formal than そこで and is less likely to be used in casual conversation.
その結果 (Sono kekka)
This phrase literally means 'as a result' or 'in conclusion.' It explicitly points to the outcome of a situation.
Example: 計画がうまくいかなかった。 その結果、私たちは別の方法を考えた。(Keikaku ga umaku ikanakatta. Sono kekka, watashitachi wa betsu no hōhō o kangaeta.) - "The plan didn't go well. As a result, we thought of another method."
Comparison to そこで: This phrase is more explicit about the 'result' aspect than そこで, which can imply result, location, or transition.

Referring to a Location

When そこで refers to a specific place, alternatives often involve repeating the noun or using more specific demonstratives.

そこ (Soko)
The standalone adverb そこ means 'there' or 'that place.' そこで is essentially そこ + particle で (indicating location or state).
Example: 図書館に行った。 そこで 本を借りた。(Toshokan ni itta. Sokode hon o karita.) - "I went to the library. There, I borrowed books." vs. 図書館に行った。 そこ で本を借りた。(Toshokan ni itta. Soko de hon o karita.) - same meaning.
Comparison to そこで: そこで is the direct form used for location. Using just そこ without the particle で would be grammatically incorrect in this context.
Repeating the Location Noun
You can always avoid ambiguity by repeating the noun for the location, though this can make sentences longer.
Example: 公園に行った。 公園で 子供たちが遊んでいた。(Kōen ni itta. Kōen de kodomo-tachi ga asonde ita.) - "I went to the park. In the park, children were playing."
Comparison to そこで: Repeating the noun is more explicit but less concise than using そこで.

Indicating a Sequence or Transition

When そこで is used to link events in a sequence, other adverbs can also be used.

それから (Sorekara)
This means 'after that' or 'then.' It's a common way to connect events chronologically.
Example: 朝食を食べた。 それから、仕事に行った。(Chōshoku o tabeta. Sorekara, shigoto ni itta.) - "I ate breakfast. Then, I went to work."
Comparison to そこで: それから is strictly chronological, while そこで can imply a logical consequence that isn't purely temporal.
そして (Soshite)
This is a general connector meaning 'and' or 'and then.' It's often used to string together a series of events or statements.
Example: 彼は本を読んだ。 そして、眠りについた。(Kare wa hon o yonda. Soshite, nemuri ni tsuita.) - "He read a book. And then, he fell asleep."
Comparison to そこで: そして is a more basic connector. そこで implies a stronger logical link or a more specific type of transition.

By understanding these nuances and alternatives, you can express yourself more accurately and effectively in Japanese.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

While the literal meaning of そこで is locational, its usage has evolved to also strongly signify logical consequence, making it a highly versatile adverb in Japanese. It's similar to how 'so' in English can refer to a place ('Go there') or a result ('It was raining, so I stayed home').

دليل النطق

UK /səˈkoʊ.deɪ/
US /soʊˈkoʊ.deɪ/
The primary stress falls on the second syllable: so-KO-de.
يتقافى مع
ode mode road load toad code bode node strode eroded
أخطاء شائعة
  • Mispronouncing the vowel sound in the second syllable.
  • Incorrect stress placement, putting emphasis on the first syllable.
  • Pronouncing it as a single word without the distinct two-syllable structure.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 3/5

CEFR B1 level. そこで is common in B1 materials, appearing in narratives and explanations. Understanding its dual meaning (location vs. consequence) is key. Texts at this level will often use it to connect simple cause-and-effect or describe actions at a place.

الكتابة 3/5

CEFR B1 level. Learners at this stage can start to incorporate そこで into their writing to create more complex sentences and logical connections. Mastering its correct usage in both locational and consequential contexts is important.

التحدث 3/5

CEFR B1 level. Spoken usage of そこで is frequent. Learners should aim to use it naturally in conversations to link their thoughts and explain events or decisions.

الاستماع 3/5

CEFR B1 level. そこで is commonly heard in everyday conversations, dramas, and podcasts. Recognizing its function helps in understanding the flow of information and the speaker's intent.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

そこ (soko - there) で (de - particle) だから (dakara - so, therefore) そして (soshite - and, and then) ～て (te - conjunctive form of verbs)

تعلّم لاحقاً

それゆえ (soreyue - therefore, hence) したがって (shitagatte - therefore, consequently) このため (kono tame - because of this, for this reason) その結果 (sono kekka - as a result)

متقدم

それからというもの (sorekara to iu mono - ever since then) ゆえに (yueni - therefore, hence) しかるに (shikaruni - however, yet, but)

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Using the particle で (de) for location

公園で遊ぶ (to play in the park). そこで is essentially そこ + で.

Conjunctive form of verbs (て-form)

食べて、寝る (eat and sleep). そこで can follow a completed action to show consequence, similar to how the て-form can connect actions.

Demonstrative adverbs (ここ, そこ, あそこ)

ここ (here), そこ (there), あそこ (over there). そこで builds upon そこ.

Cause and Effect structures

～から (kara - because), ～ので (node - because). そこで acts as a connector linking cause and effect, often appearing after the cause.

Sentence connectors (e.g., しかし, それから)

そこで functions as a sentence connector, similar to transitional adverbs in English.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

おてんがない。そこでいいです。

The chopstick is not here. It is fine.

A1: そこで is used as a placeholder for location, meaning 'here' or 'there'. The sentence is a bit awkward, implying 'it's fine that the chopsticks are not here', which is unlikely. A more natural A1 sentence would be 'I don't have chopsticks. So, I can't eat.' (おてんがない。そこでたべらない。)

2

いえ。そこでいいです。

No. It is fine.

A1: Similar to the above, そこで is used to mean 'here' or 'there'. The sentence is grammatically simple but contextually unclear. It might mean 'No, it's fine over there.' A more typical A1 use of 'so/therefore' is difficult to illustrate without more complex sentences.

3

あさったてです。そこでいいです。

Tomorrow is. It is fine.

A1: This sentence is very basic and the meaning of そこで is unclear. It's hard to form a coherent B1-level sentence at A1. A better A1 example for location: おてんがない。そこでたべらない。(おてんがない。そこでたべらない。) - "I don't have chopsticks. I can't eat there."

4

おてんがない。そこでない。

Chopsticks are not here. Not there.

A1: This is a simple negation of location. そこで is used for 'there'. そこでない is a valid, albeit simple, negation.

5

いえ。そこでない。

No. Not there.

A1: A simple negative statement about location. そこで is used for 'there'.

6

あさったてです。そこでない。

Tomorrow is. Not there.

A1: Another simple negative statement about location. The connection to 'tomorrow' is unclear and likely not intended to be a logical connection but rather a juxtaposition of unrelated statements at this level.

7

ここでいいです。

Here is fine.

A1: This sentence uses ここで ('here') and implies a location is fine. そこで (there) is not used here, but it's important to note the contrast. そこでいいです would mean 'There is fine.'

8

いえ。そこでいいです。

No. It is fine.

A1: This is a very basic sentence. The meaning of そこで here is likely locational, implying 'it's fine over there.' It doesn't show the consequential meaning yet.

1

おてんがない。そこでたべらない。

Chopsticks are not here. Cannot eat there.

A2: This sentence correctly uses そこで to indicate a location where an action (eating) cannot be performed due to a lack of necessary items (chopsticks).

2

いえ。そこでできません。

No. Cannot do there.

A2: This sentence uses そこで to refer to a location where an action is not possible. It's a simple negative statement about capability at a place.

3

あさったていいです。そこであさんぷします。

Tomorrow is. There, I will play.

A2: This sentence correctly uses そこで to indicate a location for a future activity. It implies 'Tomorrow is the day. There, I will play.'

4

いえ。そこでおしゃべります。

No. There, I will talk.

A2: This sentence uses そこで to set the scene for a conversation. 'No, over there, we will talk.'

5

おふろにいきます。そこであさんぶします。

I will go to the bath. There, I will play.

A2: This sentence uses そこで to indicate the location for playing, which is the bath. It implies 'I will go to the bath. There, we will play.'

6

こんにちは。そこでいいです。

Hello. It is fine there.

A2: This sentence uses そこで to refer to a location that is 'fine' or suitable. It's a simple locational statement.

7

いえ。そこでおしゃべります。

No. There, I will talk.

A2: Similar to a previous example, this uses そこで to set the location for talking. 'No, over there, we will talk.'

8

あさったていいです。そこでしました。

Tomorrow is. There, it stopped.

A2: This sentence uses そこで to indicate a location where something stopped. The connection to 'tomorrow' is loose, but it establishes a place.

1

大雨が降っていた。そこで、一日家にいた。

It was raining heavily. So, I stayed home all day.

B1: This is a classic example of そこで used to show a consequence. The heavy rain (cause) led to staying home (effect).

2

社長は会社の商品をすすめた。そこで 、彼はその商品を買った。

The president recommended the company's product. Accordingly, he bought that product.

B1: Here, そこで indicates that the action of buying the product was a direct result of the president's recommendation. It shows logical follow-through.

3

月尾で出会うことになった。そこで 、あいつとひとつの方法で会詰をした。

We decided to meet at the end of the month. There, we decided to greet each other in some way.

B1: This sentence uses そこで to refer to the location of the meeting. It establishes the setting for the subsequent action (greeting).

4

南みちに大型の古地がある。そこで 、多くの研究者が楽している。

There is a large ancient site in the south. Many researchers enjoy themselves there.

B1: This sentence uses そこで to refer to the ancient site, indicating where the researchers are enjoying themselves.

5

今月の営業は太らなかった。そこで 、新たな戦略を構築する必要がある。

This month's sales were disappointing. Therefore, it is necessary to build a new strategy.

B1: This sentence demonstrates the consequential use of そこで. Poor sales (cause) necessitate a new strategy (effect).

6

南みちに大型の古地がある。そこで 、多くの学生が一番真切に学ぶ。

There is a large ancient site in the south. Many students learn earnestly there.

B1: Similar to a previous example, そこで correctly indicates the location where students are learning.

7

誰も参加していなかった。そこで 、いなかしになった。

No one participated. So, it became a no-show.

B1: This sentence shows a clear cause (no participants) and effect (it became a no-show), using そこで effectively.

8

春の気候になった。そこで 、おちょいの服で外出した。

It became spring weather. So, I went out in light clothes.

B1: This sentence links the pleasant spring weather (cause) to the action of going out in light clothes (effect/consequence).

1

現地の科学では解かない問題が発生した。そこで 、大分子的な解析法が採用された。

A problem that cannot be solved with current science has arisen. Accordingly, a macroscopic analysis method was adopted.

B2: This sentence shows a logical progression. An unsolvable problem (cause) led to the adoption of a new, more complex analysis method (effect).

2

会社のシステムにバグが発生した。そこで 、すべてのパソコんが動かなくなった。

A bug occurred in the company's system. Thereupon, all computers became inoperable.

B2: This sentence clearly links a system bug (cause) to a widespread failure of computers (effect) using そこで.

3

態度の変化による側面の影響が必要である。そこで 、態度の改商に効果のあるトレーニングが要求されている。

The side effects due to changes in attitude are necessary. Accordingly, training effective for attitude change is required.

B2: This sentence uses そこで to connect the necessity of considering side effects (cause) with the requirement for specific training (effect/consequence).

4

今年の夏は很に暑い。そこで 、たくさんの人々が海へ行っている。

This summer is very hot. Therefore, many people are going to the sea.

B2: This sentence shows a clear causal link: the extreme heat (cause) leads to many people going to the sea (effect).

5

南方の古地では、全国からの博士課程の学生が学びをしている。そこで 、大学の人材による規定で、博士の学位を取得する。

At the ancient site in the south, students from doctoral programs nationwide are studying. There, they obtain doctoral degrees according to university regulations.

B2: This sentence uses そこで to refer to the southern ancient site, indicating where students are obtaining their degrees.

6

南方の古地では、大学の博士課程の学生が学びをしている。そこで 、地元の史と学協をしている。

At the ancient site in the south, students from doctoral programs are studying. There, they are learning about local history and collaborating.

B2: Again, そこで correctly refers to the southern ancient site as the location for learning and collaboration.

7

最近の用蒐の下用に関する実験で、新たな効果が確認された。そこで 、この効果に基づいた新たな解技の開発が始まった。

In recent experiments on the use of pharmaceuticals, a new effect was confirmed. Accordingly, the development of new techniques based on this effect has begun.

B2: This sentence shows a clear cause-and-effect relationship. The confirmation of a new effect (cause) led to the development of new techniques (effect).

8

全国で博士課程の学生が学びをしている地域では、地元の史と学協をしている。そこで 、学生たちは博士の学位を取得する。

In regions where students from doctoral programs nationwide are studying, they are learning local history and collaborating. There, students obtain doctoral degrees.

B2: This sentence uses そこで to refer to the specific regions where doctoral students are studying, indicating where they obtain their degrees.

1

この会議では、国際的な理解が必要となった。そこで 、最地の自動言語誇による連所の実現が確認された。

International understanding was necessary at this conference. Thereupon, the realization of connections through the latest automatic language translation was confirmed.

C1: This sentence uses そこで to indicate a logical progression from the need for international understanding to the confirmation of connections via translation technology.

2

経済的な受振に対するための方策は分析された。そこで 、金融制御の強化と内生的な益の分配が推進された。

Policies to cope with economic shocks were analyzed. Accordingly, the strengthening of financial regulation and the distribution of internal profits were promoted.

C1: This sentence demonstrates a sophisticated cause-and-effect relationship. The analysis of economic shocks (cause) led to the promotion of specific financial policies (effect).

3

南みちの古地では、多分配の博士課程の学生が学びをしている。そこで 、地元の史に関する研究と学協を勤めている。

At the ancient site in the south, students from diverse doctoral programs are studying. There, they are diligently conducting research on local history and collaborating.

C1: This sentence uses そこで to refer to the southern ancient site, specifying the location where students are engaged in research and collaboration.

4

最近のテクノロジーの進朕により、人間の作業の变化が大きく見こめている。そこで 、新たな職业模型の構築が急列されている。

Due to recent technological advancements, significant changes in human work are being observed. Accordingly, new employment models are rapidly being constructed.

C1: This sentence demonstrates a cause-and-effect relationship on a societal level. Technological advancement (cause) leads to the emergence of new employment models (effect).

5

この地域には、多くの博士課程の学生がいずむ。そこで 、地元の史に関する研究と学協をしている。

In this region, many doctoral program students gather. There, they conduct research and collaboration on local history.

C1: This sentence uses そこで to refer to the region where students gather, specifying the location of their research and collaboration.

6

今年の史留のテーマは、経済危机である。そこで 、経済学者による実践的な対策が推切されている。

This year's historical theme is economic crisis. Accordingly, practical countermeasures by economists are being advocated.

C1: This sentence connects the historical theme of economic crisis (cause) to the advocacy of practical countermeasures (effect).

7

この地域では、多くの博士課程の学生が学びをしている。そこで 、地元の史に関する研究と学協を勤めている。

In this region, many doctoral program students are studying. There, they are diligently conducting research on local history and collaborating.

C1: そこで refers to the region, specifying the location where students are engaged in their studies and collaborations.

8

この地域では、多くの博士課程の学生が学びをしている。そこで 、学生たちは博士の学位を取得する。

In this region, many doctoral program students are studying. There, students obtain doctoral degrees.

C1: そこで indicates the region where students are studying and subsequently obtain their doctoral degrees.

1

世界的な経済の不安定に対処するための方策は、初期の約が包まらなかった。そこで 、全部の経済政策の制定に影響を与えた。

Policies to deal with global economic instability did not initially cover everything. Accordingly, this influenced the formulation of overall economic policy.

C2: This sentence demonstrates a complex cause-and-effect relationship. The initial inadequacy of policies (cause) led to a significant influence on the broader economic policy formulation (effect).

2

この地域には、多くの博士課程の学生が学びをしている。そこで 、地元の史に関する博士課程の研究と学協を勤めている。

In this region, many doctoral program students are studying. There, they are diligently conducting research and collaboration on local history.

C2: そこで is used to precisely denote the region as the hub for doctoral students' advanced research and collaborative efforts.

3

経済的な受振に対処するための方策は、初期の約が包まらなかった。そこで 、全部の経済政策の制定に影響を与えた。

Policies to cope with economic shocks did not initially cover everything. Accordingly, this influenced the formulation of overall economic policy.

C2: This sentence demonstrates a sophisticated cause-and-effect relationship. The initial inadequacy of policies (cause) led to a significant influence on the broader economic policy formulation (effect).

4

南方の古地では、多くの博士課程の学生が学びをしている。そこで 、地元の史に関する博士課程の研究と学協を勤めている。

At the ancient site in the south, many doctoral program students are studying. There, they are diligently conducting research and collaboration on local history.

C2: そこで is used to precisely denote the southern ancient site as the hub for doctoral students' advanced research and collaborative efforts.

5

社会化しているある特定の機枵の関係性について、当雇の人々に大きな影響を与えた。そこで 、新たな機枵の関連性を扱うための研究が推進された。

The relationship of a certain mechanism that has been socialized had a great impact on the people involved. Accordingly, research to handle the interconnectedness of the new mechanism was advanced.

C2: This sentence shows a complex cause-and-effect. The impact of a socialized mechanism (cause) led to the advancement of research into its interconnectedness (effect).

6

地域の史に関する博士課程の学生が学びをしている地域では、地元の史に関する博士課程の研究と学協を勤めている。そこで 、学生たちは博士の学位を取得する。

In regions where students from doctoral programs are studying local history, they are diligently conducting research and collaboration on local history. There, students obtain doctoral degrees.

C2: そこで refers to the region, emphasizing it as the location where doctoral students pursue their studies and achieve their degrees.

7

最近のテクノロジーの進朕により、人間の作業の変化が大きく要調されている。そこで 、新たな職业模型の構築が指搂された。

Due to recent technological advancements, significant changes in human work are being adjusted. Accordingly, new employment models have been proposed.

C2: This sentence shows a complex cause-and-effect. Technological advancement (cause) leads to the proposal of new employment models (effect).

8

戦後の剰分の受け取りについて、国際的な協力が必要とされた。そこで 、国際的な聯絡を促するための体制が構築された。

International cooperation was deemed necessary for post-war disarmament. Accordingly, a framework to promote international dialogue was established.

C2: This sentence shows a logical progression. The necessity of international cooperation (cause) led to the establishment of a framework for dialogue (effect).

تلازمات شائعة

そこでできる (sokode dekiru)
そこである (sokode aru)
そこでいいです (sokode ii desu)
そこでない (sokode nai)
そこでたべらない (sokode taberenai)
そこでおしゃべります (sokode oshaberimasu)
そこで大分に学ぶ (sokode taigaku ni manabu)
そこであさんぶ (sokode asanbu)
そこでいいです (sokode ii desu)
そこでになった (sokode ni natta)

العبارات الشائعة

そこで、そこでできる

— There, it can be done. This phrase emphasizes that a specific location is suitable or equipped for a particular action.

この場所でそこで、そこでできるよので、会議を開催しましょう。

そこでいいです

— It's fine there. This can mean the location is acceptable, or that the situation at that place is satisfactory.

この影の中でそこでいいです。そこでしましょう。

そこでない

— It's not there / It's not possible there. This negates the existence or possibility of something at a particular location.

おてんがない。そこでない。

そこでたべらない

— Cannot eat there. This indicates an inability to eat at a specific location, often due to missing items or circumstances.

おてんがない。そこでたべらない。

そこでおしゃべります

— Will talk there. Indicates that a conversation will take place at a specific location.

この場所でそこでおしゃべりましょう。

そこであさんぶ

— Will play there. Indicates that playing will occur at a specific location.

お夢の中でそこであさんでいました。

そこで大分に学ぶ

— Learn a lot there. Suggests a location is conducive to significant learning.

この博物館でそこで大分に学ぶことができます。

そこでしまた

— It ended there / It stopped there. Indicates that something concluded or ceased at a particular point or location.

すべての言いはそこでしまた。

そこで始まる

— It begins there. Indicates that something commences at a specific location or point.

この地点からそこで始まります。

そこでいいです

— It's fine there. Similar to 'it's fine there', but can also imply acceptance of the situation at that place.

この位置でそこでいいです。

يُخلط عادةً مع

そこで vs そこ (soko)

そこ is the adverb 'there'. そこで is 'there + location particle で', meaning 'there' as a place where an action occurs, or 'so/therefore' as a connector.

そこで vs だから (dakara)

そこで can mean 'so/therefore', similar to だから. However, そこで also has the locational meaning, which だから does not.

そこで vs それから (sorekara)

そこで can imply a sequence of events, similar to それから ('after that', 'then'). However, そこで often implies a stronger logical connection or consequence than a simple chronological sequence.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"そこでっとととととと"

— This is not a standard idiom. The repetition of そこで doesn't form a recognized idiomatic expression. It would likely be perceived as redundant or grammatically awkward in most contexts.

This phrase is not used idiomatically. Avoid creating such repetitions.

Not applicable
"そこでいいですか？"

— Is it okay there? This is a question asking for confirmation about the suitability or condition of a particular place.

この場所でそこでいいですか？お父さんに礼をします。

Neutral
"そこでないというのは"

— It's not there, you say? This is an expression of surprise or disbelief when informed that something is not present at a particular location.

この化略がないというのは、そこでないというのは？ありえません。

Informal
"そこでたべらないということですか"

— Does that mean you can't eat there? This is a question asking for clarification if a location is unsuitable for eating.

おてんがないということですか？そこでたべらないということですか？

Neutral
"そこでおしゃべりますか？"

— Shall we talk there? This is a suggestion to have a conversation at a specific location.

この場所でそこでおしゃべりましょうか？

Neutral
"そこであさんぶことにしましょう"

— Let's play there. This is a suggestion to engage in play at a particular location.

あさんぶことにしましょう。そこであさんぶことにしましょう。

Informal
"そこで大分に学ぶことができる"

— One can learn a lot there. This phrase highlights the educational value or potential of a specific place.

この博物館でそこで大分に学ぶことができます。

Neutral
"そこでしまった。"

— It ended there. This signifies the conclusion or cessation of something at a particular point or location.

すべての言いはそこでしまった。

Neutral
"そこで始まった。"

— It began there. This indicates the commencement of something at a specific location or point.

この地点からそこで始まった。

Neutral
"そこでいいです。"

— It's fine there. This phrase can express that a location is acceptable, suitable, or that the situation at that place is satisfactory.

この位置でそこでいいです。

Neutral

سهل الخلط

そこで vs そこ (soko)

Both そこ and そこで refer to 'there'.

そこ is simply the adverb 'there'. そこで is 'there' + the location particle で, meaning 'there' as the place where an action happens or a state exists. It can also mean 'so/therefore'.

そこにいく。(そこにいく。) - I will go there. そこであさんでいる。(そこであさんでいる。) - I am playing there.

そこで vs だから (dakara)

Both そこで and だから can mean 'so' or 'therefore'.

そこで often implies a more immediate or direct consequence, or it can be used locationaly. だから is a more general term for expressing logical consequence, often used when the connection is more explicit or explanatory.

大雨が降っていた。そこで、家にいた。(そこでは直接の結果を示す。) - It was raining heavily. So, I stayed home. 大雨が降っていた。だから、家にいた。(だからは理由を説明する場合にも使える。) - It was raining heavily. Therefore, I stayed home.

そこで vs それから (sorekara)

Both そこで and それから can indicate a sequence of events.

そこで can imply a logical consequence or a transition related to a location. それから specifically means 'after that' or 'then,' focusing purely on chronological order.

営業が悪かった。そこで、新たな戦略を構築することになった。(直接の結果を示す。) - Sales were bad. So, we decided to build a new strategy. 営業が悪かった。それから、新たな戦略を構築することになった。(時間的な連盰を示す。) - Sales were bad. After that, we decided to build a new strategy.

そこで vs そして (soshite)

Both そこで and して can connect sentences.

しざて is a general connector meaning 'and' or 'and then,' simply adding information or continuing a sequence. そこで implies a stronger logical connection (consequence) or refers to a location.

山に登った。そこで、けしがを見た。(必然の結果を示す。) - I climbed the mountain. There, I saw a beautiful view. 山に登った。したして、けしがのよかった。(単純な続けを示す。) - I climbed the mountain. And then, the view was good.

そこで vs そこで (sokode)

The meaning of そこで can be ambiguous if not used carefully.

It's crucial to distinguish between its locational meaning ('there') and its consequential meaning ('so', 'therefore'). The context of the preceding sentence is key.

店にいった。そこで、いもすぐにを買った。(場所を示す。) - I went to the store. There, I bought sweet potatoes. 雨が降っていた。そこで、家にいた。(結果を示す。) - It was raining. So, I stayed home.

أنماط الجُمل

A2

[Location]. そこで [Action].

旅館に行った。そこで、多くの本を見た。

B1

[Cause]. そこで [Effect].

天気が悪かった。そこで、一日家にいた。

B1

[Previous Action]. そこで [Next Action].

学習が終わった。そこで、テレビを見た。

B2

[Situation]. そこで [Resulting Development].

現地の科学では解かない問題が発生した。そこで、大分子的な解析法が採用された。

C1

[Complex Cause/Reason]. そこで [Complex Consequence/Outcome].

悩惟の受け取りに大きな影響がありました。そこで、定体的な対策の制定に勤めました。

A1

[Location]. そこで [Simple Statement].

ここです。そこでいいです。

A2

[Location]. そこで [Simple Action].

餐地にいった。そこで、しばらくあさんだ。

B2

[Observation]. そこで [Logical Deduction].

今年の夏は很に暑い。そこで、たくさんの人々が海へ行っている。

عائلة الكلمة

مرتبط

そこ (soko - there)
で (de - particle indicating location or means)
だから (dakara - so, therefore)
それゆえ (soreyue - therefore, hence)
したがって (shitagatte - therefore, consequently)
سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

High

أخطاء شائعة
  • Confusing locational and consequential meanings. → Ensure the preceding context clarifies whether そこで refers to a place or a result. If ambiguous, rephrase.

    Using そこで to mean 'so' when it should mean 'there', or vice versa, can lead to misunderstandings. For example, saying 'I went to the park. So, I saw a dog.' when you mean 'I went to the park. There, I saw a dog.' requires careful sentence construction.

  • Overuse in simple sequences. → Use simpler connectors like 〜て (te-form) or それから (sorekara) for basic chronological sequences where a strong logical link isn't necessary.

    Using そこで for every sequential event can make speech or writing sound repetitive. It implies a stronger connection than just 'and then'.

  • Incorrect placement or lack of comma in writing. → Place そこで at the beginning of the clause it modifies and often follow it with a comma in formal writing.

    Misplacing そこで can disrupt the sentence structure. Forgetting the comma in writing can make the sentence harder to read.

  • Using it where a direct noun phrase is needed. → Use そこで only as an adverbial connector or locational reference, not as a direct substitute for a noun.

    For example, saying 'I saw そこで' (I saw so/there) is incorrect if you mean 'I saw that thing'. You would need a noun like それ (sore) or a demonstrative phrase.

  • Treating it as a general conjunction like 'and'. → Recognize that そこで implies a specific relationship (consequence or location), not just a simple addition of information.

    Using そこで to connect two unrelated facts, like 'The sky is blue. そこで, cats are mammals.', would be grammatically awkward and semantically incorrect.

نصائح

Distinguish Location vs. Consequence

Remember that そこで has two main uses: referring to a place ('there') or indicating a result ('so', 'therefore'). Pay close attention to the preceding sentence to determine which meaning is intended. If a place is mentioned, it's likely locational. If a situation or event is mentioned, it's likely consequential.

Placement Matters

Typically, そこで appears at the beginning of the clause or sentence it modifies, acting as a connector. This placement helps create a clear logical flow between ideas.

Contextual Practice

Practice creating sentences that use そこで for both meanings. Write a sentence about going to the park, then use そこで to describe an action there. Then, write a sentence about a problem, and use そこで to show the solution or outcome.

Stress and Syllables

Pay attention to the stress on the second syllable: so-KO-de. Practice saying it clearly, distinguishing it from similar-sounding words. Listen to native speakers to get the natural rhythm.

Synonym Awareness

Familiarize yourself with synonyms like だから (dakara) for consequence and それから (sorekara) for sequence. Knowing these alternatives allows for more nuanced and varied expression.

Listen for the Clues

When listening to Japanese, try to identify そこで and determine its function based on the surrounding sentences. Does it introduce a new location or a logical outcome?

Comma Usage

In written Japanese, especially in formal contexts, a comma is often placed after そこで to separate it and signal a slight pause, enhancing clarity. For example: 大雨が降っていた。そこで、家にいた。

Natural Flow

Using そこで appropriately can make your Japanese sound more natural and fluent, as it helps connect your thoughts logically, mimicking how native speakers structure their sentences.

Cultural Significance

The use of そこで reflects the Japanese cultural value placed on clear communication and logical progression in discourse, whether in storytelling, explanations, or everyday conversation.

Avoid Ambiguity

Be mindful of the potential for confusion between its locational and consequential meanings. If the context isn't clear, it's better to rephrase or use a more specific connector like だから or そこに (sokoni) for location.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Imagine a detective at a crime scene. He says, 'The victim was found right there (そこ). So (そこで), we need to investigate this area thoroughly.' The place (there) leads to the action (so investigate).

ربط بصري

Picture a map with a pin on a specific location. Next to it, draw an arrow pointing away from the pin, indicating a consequence or action stemming from that spot. The pin represents 'soko' (there), and the arrow represents 'de' (at/in that place), leading to the idea of 'sokode' (so/there).

Word Web

Consequence Result Therefore So Location There At that place Transition Accordingly Then

تحدٍّ

Try to create sentences where そこで is used first to indicate a location, and then in a second sentence to indicate a consequence related to that location. For example: 'I went to the park. There (sokode), I saw a dog. So (sokode), I petted it.'

أصل الكلمة

The word そこで is a combination of the demonstrative adverb そこ (soko), meaning 'there' or 'that place,' and the particle で (de), which in this context indicates location or means. Therefore, its literal origin means 'there' or 'at that place'.

المعنى الأصلي: Literally ' at that place' or ' there'.

Japonic

السياق الثقافي

There are no particular sensitivities associated with the use of そこで. It is a neutral adverb used widely across different social contexts.

In English, we have 'so,' 'therefore,' 'there,' and 'then,' which cover similar grounds. However, そこで often carries a more integrated sense of consequence or locational reference than single English words might.

In many Japanese novels and manga, そこで is used frequently to advance the plot, describe character actions, and create a sense of narrative flow. In formal speeches or presentations, it's used to logically connect points and guide the audience's understanding. Everyday conversations often feature そこで when recounting events or explaining decisions, demonstrating its fundamental role in Japanese communication.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

Explaining a sequence of events in a story or daily routine.

  • 朝起きた。そこで、顔を洗った。
  • 仕事が終わった。そこで、家に帰った。
  • 公園に行った。そこで、友達と会った。

Describing the cause and effect of a situation.

  • 雨が降っていた。そこで、傘をさした。
  • 試験が難しかった。そこで、良い点が取れなかった。
  • 時間がなかった。そこで、タクシーに乗った。

Referring to a specific location where something happened or is happening.

  • 駅に着いた。そこで、切符を買った。
  • 図書館に行った。そこで、本を借りた。
  • パーティーがあった。そこで、たくさんの人に会った。

Making a decision based on a previous observation or situation.

  • 店が閉まっていた。そこで、別の店に行った。
  • 道が混んでいた。そこで、遠回りをした。
  • 疲れていた。そこで、休憩することにした。

Connecting different parts of an explanation or argument.

  • このデータによると、売上が減少している。そこで、対策が必要だ。
  • 問題点が明らかになった。そこで、解決策を検討する。
  • 理由がいくつかある。そこで、一番重要なものを説明する。

بدايات محادثة

"What happened after that? Did you use 'sokode' to describe the next event?"

"Can you describe a time you went somewhere new? Use 'sokode' to talk about what you did there."

"If something unexpected happened, how would you explain the consequence using 'sokode'?"

"Think about a simple plan you had. What happened? Use 'sokode' to show the result."

"Describe a place you visited recently. What did you do 'sokode'?"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

Write about your day, using 'sokode' to connect at least three events.

Describe a time you faced a problem. Explain what happened next using 'sokode' to show the solution or consequence.

Imagine you are in a new city. Describe what you see and do 'sokode'.

Write a short story where 'sokode' is used to show a turning point or a significant event.

Reflect on a decision you made. Explain the situation that led to that decision using 'sokode'.

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Both そこで and だから can mean 'so' or 'therefore'. However, そこで also has a locational meaning ('there'), whereas だから is solely used for consequence. そこで can imply a more immediate or direct result, or a transition in a narrative. だから is often used for more explicit explanations of cause and effect. For example: 大雨が降っていた。そこで、家にいた。(It was raining heavily. So, I stayed home.) - Consequence. 大雨が降っていた。だから、家にいた。(It was raining heavily. Therefore, I stayed home.) - Explicit reason.

Yes, そこで can imply a sequence of events, similar to 'then' or 'after that'. However, it often carries a stronger sense of logical progression or consequence than a simple chronological link. For sequences, それから (sorekara - after that, then) is often more common and specific. Example: 工作が終わった。そこで、去ることにした。(My work was finished. Then, I decided to go.) - Implies a logical next step. 工作が終わった。それから、去ることにした。(My work was finished. After that, I decided to go.) - Purely chronological.

In written Japanese, it is common to place a comma after そこで, especially when it functions as a sentence connector, to indicate a pause and improve readability. This is similar to how commas are used with 'so,' 'therefore,' or 'then' in English. Example: 大雨が降っていた。そこで、家にいた。(It was raining heavily. So, I stayed home.) However, in very short or informal sentences, the comma might be omitted.

Yes, そこで is commonly used at the beginning of a sentence or clause to connect it to the preceding one. It acts as a transitional adverb, linking the ideas logically. Example: そこで、このようなことになった。(So, it turned out like this.)

そこ (soko) is an adverb meaning 'there' or 'that place'. そこで combines そこ with the particle で (de), which often indicates location or the means/state of something. そこで specifically refers to 'there' as the place where an action occurs or a situation exists. It can also function as a conjunctive adverb meaning 'so' or 'therefore'. Example: そこにいく。(そこにいく。) - I will go there. (Here, そこ indicates direction.) そこであさんでいる。(そこであさんでいる。) - I am playing there. (Here, そこで indicates the location of the action.)

Yes, そこで can be used to start a story, especially if the story begins by describing a place or a situation that immediately leads to an action or consequence. It can create a sense of immediacy. Example: そこで、玄変の動物が現れた。(There, supernatural creatures appeared.)

The literal meaning of そこで is derived from そこ (soko - 'there', 'that place') combined with the particle で (de), which indicates location. So, its most literal meaning is 'there' or 'at that place', referring to a specific location.

そこで is generally considered a neutral adverb. It can be used in both formal and informal contexts. In very casual speech, some speakers might opt for simpler connectors, but そこで is always appropriate and understood. In formal writing, it's often used with a comma following it.

そこで is formed from そこ (soko - 'there', referring to a place that is neither close to the speaker nor the listener, but at a distance). - ここ (koko) + で = ここで (kokode) - 'here' (place of action/state). - そこ (soko) + で = そこで (sokode) - 'there' (place of action/state). - あそこ (asoko) + で = あそこで (asokode) - 'over there' (place of action/state). All three function similarly to indicate location, but the demonstrative adverb (koko, soko, asoko) determines the specific location being referred to.

No, そこで does not typically indicate time. Its primary functions are to indicate a location or a logical consequence/result. For indicating time, words like その時 (sono toki - at that time), その後 (sono ato - after that), or specific time expressions are used.

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