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B1 noun #3,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 7 دقيقة للقراءة

상의

sangui
In A1, '상의' is a bit advanced, but you can think of it as 'talking together to decide something.' It is like saying 'Let's talk with mom' or 'Let's talk with a friend.' You use it when you don't want to decide alone. The most important thing to remember is to use '와' or '과' to mean 'with.' For example, '친구와 상의해요' means 'I talk with my friend.'
At the A2 level, you start using '상의' in more specific situations, like planning a trip or buying something. You will often see it as '상의하다' (to consult). It's a useful word when you want to be polite and show that you care about someone else's opinion. You might say, '선생님과 상의하세요' (Please consult with your teacher) if you have a question about your homework or school life.
For B1 learners, '상의' is a key vocabulary word for professional and social life. You should understand the nuance of 'mutual discussion' versus 'expert advice' (상담). You can use it in the workplace ('팀장님과 상의하겠습니다') or in personal relationships ('가족과 상의한 후에 알려줄게요'). It implies a process of reaching a consensus before an action is taken.
At B2, you should be comfortable using '상의' in various grammatical structures, such as '상의 끝에' (at the end of discussion) or '상의를 거쳐' (through consultation). You should also recognize it in formal contexts like news reports or official documents. You can distinguish it from '협의' (formal negotiation) and use it to describe complex decision-making processes in both personal and professional spheres.
C1 learners should master the subtle distinctions between '상의', '의논', '협의', and '자문'. You should be able to use '상의' to describe high-level deliberations and understand its role in Korean organizational culture (the 'Pumui' system). You can use it in academic writing or professional presentations to describe the collaborative nature of a project or a policy change.
At the C2 level, '상의' is used with full native-like precision. You understand its etymological roots and can use it in nuanced rhetorical ways. You can discuss the cultural implications of '상의' in Korean society, such as how it relates to 'Chemyeon' (face-saving) and 'Noonchi' (social sensing). You can use it in legal, political, or philosophical discourses where the 'mutual' aspect of the word is emphasized.
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

상의 في 30 ثانية

  • 상의 means 'consultation' or 'discussion' with the goal of making a decision.
  • It is commonly used as the verb '상의하다' (to consult/discuss).
  • It requires the particle '-와/과' to indicate the person you are talking to.
  • It is a key word for showing respect and seeking consensus in Korean culture.

The Korean word 상의 (相議) is a noun that translates to 'consultation' or 'discussion.' At its core, it describes the process of exchanging opinions with someone else before making a final decision or taking action. Unlike a simple chat, 상의 implies a level of purposefulness—you are seeking advice, looking for a consensus, or simply ensuring that all parties involved are on the same page. It is a fundamental concept in Korean social and professional dynamics, reflecting the cultural emphasis on collective agreement and respect for others' input.

Etymology
Derived from Hanja: 相 (mutual/each other) and 議 (discuss/deliberate). It literally means 'mutual deliberation.'
Nuance
It is softer than 'negotiation' (협상) but more formal than 'talking' (이야기).
Grammar
Commonly used with the verb '하다' (to do) as '상의하다' (to consult).

"부모님과 상의한 후에 결정하겠습니다." (I will decide after consulting with my parents.)

— Common polite refusal or delay tactic

In a professional setting, 상의 is the oil that keeps the gears of a company turning. You don't just 'do' things; you 'consult' with your team lead or colleagues. This isn't necessarily about asking for permission, but rather about the 'process' of sharing information. In Korean culture, skipping the 상의 step can often be seen as being '독단적' (dogmatic or arbitrary), which is generally frowned upon in group-oriented environments.

"팀장님과 이 문제에 대해 상의해 보세요." (Please try discussing this issue with the team leader.)

The word is also frequently heard in medical or legal contexts. A doctor might say, "의사와 상의하십시오" (Please consult with a doctor). Here, it carries the weight of professional advice. It suggests that the person you are talking to has expertise or a stake in the outcome that requires their input. This word is versatile enough to cover everything from deciding what to eat for dinner with a spouse to high-level diplomatic talks between nations.

"전문가와 상의하는 것이 좋겠습니다." (It would be good to consult with an expert.)

"우리끼리 상의해서 결정하자." (Let's discuss among ourselves and decide.)

"충분한 상의 끝에 결론을 내렸습니다." (We reached a conclusion after sufficient discussion.)

Using 상의 correctly involves understanding its grammatical pairings and the social context of the discussion. While it is a noun, it is most frequently transformed into the active verb 상의하다. However, the noun form itself appears in many useful patterns that every B1 learner should master.

Pattern 1: [Person] + 와/과 상의하다
The most common way to say 'consult with [someone].' Example: '남편과 상의했어요' (I consulted with my husband).
Pattern 2: [Topic] + 에 대해 상의하다
Used to specify the subject of the discussion. Example: '이사 문제에 대해 상의합시다' (Let's discuss the matter of moving).
Pattern 3: 상의를 거치다
Literally 'to go through consultation.' Used in formal contexts to indicate that a decision was not made in isolation.

When you use '상의', you are signaling that you value the other person's opinion. If you want to ask someone for their time to discuss something, you might say, "상의드릴 게 있어요" (I have something I'd like to consult you about). The use of the humble verb '드리다' (to give/offer) makes the request very polite and professional.

"이 계획은 부장님과 상의가 필요합니다." (This plan requires consultation with the department head.)

In daily life, you'll use it for big purchases, career changes, or family matters. It’s less about 'telling' and more about 'exchanging.' If you just tell someone your decision, that's '통보' (notification), which is the opposite of '상의'. To maintain good relationships in Korea, always lean towards '상의' before '통보'.

Another important aspect is the level of formality. While '상의' is appropriate for most situations, in very formal or legal settings, you might hear '협의' (consultation/agreement). However, for 90% of your daily interactions, '상의' is the perfect, natural choice. It bridges the gap between casual talk and formal negotiation.

You will encounter 상의 in a variety of environments, from the sterile halls of a hospital to the dramatic boardrooms of a K-drama. Understanding these contexts helps you grasp the word's versatility.

In K-Dramas
Often heard when a character is facing a dilemma. "나랑 상의도 없이 어떻게 그럴 수 있어?" (How could you do that without even consulting me?)
At the Doctor's Office
On medicine packaging or during a check-up: "복용 전 의사와 상의하십시오" (Consult a doctor before taking).
In the Office
During meetings: "이 부분은 마케팅 팀과 상의해 보겠습니다" (I will try discussing this part with the marketing team).

In news reports, '상의' is used when discussing diplomatic meetings or policy discussions. For example, "정부는 이번 대책을 위해 전문가들과 긴밀히 상의해 왔습니다" (The government has been consulting closely with experts for this measure). Here, it conveys a sense of thoroughness and responsibility.

"고객님, 이 부분은 본사와 상의 후 연락드리겠습니다." (Customer, I will contact you after consulting with the head office.)

In everyday social life, you might hear it among friends planning a trip. "숙소는 우리 다 같이 상의해서 정하자" (Let's all discuss and decide on the accommodation together). It’s a word that fosters a sense of 'we' (우리), which is central to Korean identity. If you use this word, you are signaling that you are a team player.

Even though 상의 seems straightforward, learners often trip up on its nuance compared to similar words or use the wrong particles.

Mistake 1: Confusing with '상담' (Counseling/Consultation)
'상담' is usually one-way (expert to non-expert, like a therapist or a bank teller). '상의' is two-way (equals or partners discussing).
Mistake 2: Using '-을/를' with the person
You don't '상의' a person; you '상의' *with* a person. Use '-와/과'. Incorrect: '친구를 상의해요'. Correct: '친구와 상의해요'.
Mistake 3: Overusing it for casual chats
If you're just talking about the weather, don't use '상의'. Use '이야기' or '수다'. '상의' requires a topic that needs a decision.

Another subtle mistake is using '상의' when you actually mean '협의'. While '상의' is general, '협의' (hyu-ui) is used when you are trying to reach a formal agreement or settle a dispute. If you are in a legal battle, you '협의' with the other party. If you are asking your mom what to wear, you '상의' with her.

"선생님과 진로에 대해 상담을 했어요." (I had a counseling session with my teacher about my career path.) - Correct use of 상담.

Finally, remember that '상의' is a noun. To use it as a verb, you must add '하다'. Many learners forget the '하다' and just say the noun, which can sound like a command or a fragment. Always pair it correctly to sound natural.

Korean has several words for 'discussion' or 'consultation,' and choosing the right one depends on the context and the relationship between the speakers.

의논 (Uinon)
Very similar to 상의. Often interchangeable, but '의논' feels slightly more focused on the act of debating or exchanging ideas to find a solution.
상담 (Sangdam)
Professional consultation or counseling. Usually involves an expert (doctor, lawyer, counselor) giving advice to a client.
협의 (Hyeobui)
Formal consultation or negotiation. Used in business or legal contexts where a formal agreement or consensus is the goal.
토론 (Toron)
Debate. This is more about presenting different viewpoints on a specific topic, often in a structured way.

To visualize the difference: Imagine you want to buy a car. You 상의 with your spouse (mutual decision). You 상담 with a financial advisor (expert advice). You 협의 with the car dealer on the final price (negotiation). And you might 의논 the pros and cons of electric vs. gas cars with your friends (general discussion).

"우리는 그 문제를 깊이 의논했다." (We discussed that problem deeply.)

Understanding these distinctions will elevate your Korean from 'understandable' to 'natural.' While '상의' is a safe middle-ground word, knowing when to use '상담' or '협의' shows a high level of linguistic awareness.

How Formal Is It?

رسمي

""

غير رسمي

""

مستوى الصعوبة

قواعد يجب معرفتها

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

엄마와 상의해요.

I talk with my mom (to decide).

와 (with) + 상의해요 (consult).

2

친구와 상의하세요.

Please talk with your friend.

하세요 is a polite command.

3

상의가 필요해요.

Consultation is needed.

상의 (noun) + 가 (subject particle).

4

우리 상의할까요?

Shall we discuss it?

-ㄹ까요? (Shall we...?).

5

선생님과 상의해요.

I consult with the teacher.

과 (with) used after a consonant.

6

상의하고 싶어요.

I want to consult.

-고 싶어요 (want to).

7

아빠랑 상의해요.

I talk with my dad.

랑 (casual 'with').

8

내일 상의해요.

Let's discuss tomorrow.

내일 (tomorrow) + 상의해요.

1

부모님과 상의한 후에 결정할게요.

I will decide after consulting with my parents.

-ㄴ 후에 (after doing).

2

의사와 상의하는 것이 좋아요.

It is good to consult with a doctor.

-는 것이 좋아요 (It is good to...).

3

이 문제는 친구와 상의해 보세요.

Try discussing this problem with a friend.

-어 보세요 (Try doing).

4

우리는 여행 계획을 상의했어요.

We discussed the travel plans.

Past tense -했어요.

5

누구와 상의할 거예요?

Who are you going to consult with?

누구 (who) + 와 (with).

6

상의 없이 결정하지 마세요.

Don't decide without consultation.

없이 (without) + -지 마세요 (Don't).

7

잠깐 상의할 수 있을까요?

Can we discuss for a moment?

-ㄹ 수 있을까요? (Can I/we...?).

8

상의할 내용이 많아요.

There is a lot to discuss.

내용 (content) + 이 많아요 (there is a lot).

1

팀장님과 상의해서 보고서를 수정했습니다.

I revised the report after consulting with the team leader.

-어서 (because/after doing).

2

가족과 충분히 상의한 뒤에 이사하기로 했어요.

We decided to move after sufficiently consulting with the family.

충분히 (sufficiently) + -기로 했어요 (decided to).

3

상의드릴 말씀이 있어서 찾아왔습니다.

I came because I have something to consult you about.

상의드릴 (to consult - humble) + 말씀 (words).

4

전문가와 상의하는 것이 가장 안전합니다.

Consulting with an expert is the safest.

가장 (most) + 안전합니다 (is safe).

5

서로 상의해서 좋은 해결책을 찾아봅시다.

Let's find a good solution by discussing with each other.

서로 (each other) + -아/어 봅시다 (Let's try).

6

상의도 없이 일을 진행하면 안 됩니다.

You shouldn't proceed with work without consultation.

-면 안 됩니다 (should not).

7

이 부분은 나중에 다시 상의합시다.

Let's discuss this part again later.

나중에 (later) + 다시 (again).

8

상의할 시간이 부족해요.

There isn't enough time to discuss.

부족해요 (is insufficient).

1

양측의 긴밀한 상의 끝에 합의에 도달했습니다.

A consensus was reached after close consultation between both sides.

긴밀한 (close) + 상의 끝에 (at the end of discussion).

2

본사와 상의를 거쳐 최종 결정을 내릴 예정입니다.

We plan to make the final decision after going through consultation with the head office.

상의를 거쳐 (through consultation) + -ㄹ 예정입니다 (plan to).

3

사전 상의 없이 규정을 변경하는 것은 불가능합니다.

It is impossible to change regulations without prior consultation.

사전 상의 (prior consultation) + 불가능합니다 (is impossible).

4

그는 독단적으로 행동하기보다 동료들과 상의하는 편이다.

He tends to consult with colleagues rather than acting arbitrarily.

독단적으로 (arbitrarily) + -는 편이다 (tends to).

5

이번 프로젝트는 여러 부서와의 상의가 필수적입니다.

Consultation with various departments is essential for this project.

필수적입니다 (is essential).

6

상의할 안건이 있으면 미리 말씀해 주세요.

If there are items to discuss, please tell me in advance.

안건 (agenda item) + 미리 (in advance).

7

충분한 상의를 통해 오해를 풀 수 있었습니다.

We were able to resolve the misunderstanding through sufficient discussion.

통해 (through) + 오해 (misunderstanding).

8

상의 과정에서 다양한 의견이 제시되었습니다.

Various opinions were presented during the consultation process.

과정에서 (in the process) + 제시되었습니다 (were presented).

1

정부는 관련 부처와의 긴밀한 상의를 통해 대책을 마련했다.

The government prepared measures through close consultation with relevant ministries.

관련 부처 (relevant ministries) + 마련했다 (prepared).

2

전문가들의 상의를 거친 결과, 계획을 전면 수정하기로 했다.

As a result of consultations with experts, it was decided to completely revise the plan.

전면 수정 (complete revision).

3

이번 사안은 법률 전문가와의 상의가 선행되어야 합니다.

Consultation with a legal expert must precede this matter.

선행되어야 합니다 (must be preceded).

4

양국 정상은 한반도 정세에 대해 심도 있게 상의했다.

The leaders of both countries discussed the situation on the Korean Peninsula in depth.

심도 있게 (in depth).

5

이사회와의 상의 없이 자금을 집행하는 것은 규정 위반이다.

Executing funds without consultation with the board of directors is a violation of regulations.

집행하는 것 (executing) + 규정 위반 (violation of rules).

6

충분한 상의가 이루어지지 않은 상태에서 발표된 정책은 비판을 받았다.

The policy announced without sufficient consultation was criticized.

이루어지지 않은 (not having been made).

7

그는 상의 과정에서 자신의 주장을 굽히지 않았다.

He did not back down from his argument during the consultation process.

주장을 굽히지 않다 (not to bend one's argument).

8

상의를 통해 도출된 결론은 모두에게 이익이 되어야 한다.

The conclusion reached through consultation must benefit everyone.

도출된 (derived/drawn).

1

민주적 절차에 따른 상의와 합의는 공동체의 근간을 이룬다.

Consultation and consensus following democratic procedures form the foundation of a community.

근간을 이룬다 (forms the basis).

2

다각적인 상의를 통해 도출된 정책만이 실효성을 거둘 수 있다.

Only policies derived through multifaceted consultation can be effective.

실효성을 거두다 (to be effective).

3

상의의 부재는 종종 조직 내 갈등의 주요 원인이 되곤 한다.

The absence of consultation often becomes a major cause of conflict within an organization.

부재 (absence) + -곤 한다 (often does).

4

이 문제는 윤리적 차원에서의 깊은 상의가 요구되는 사안이다.

This issue is a matter that requires deep consultation on an ethical level.

요구되는 사안 (a matter that is required).

5

상의 과정에서 소수의 의견이 묵살되지 않도록 주의해야 한다.

Care must be taken to ensure that minority opinions are not ignored during the consultation process.

묵살되지 않도록 (so as not to be ignored).

6

상호 간의 긴밀한 상의는 신뢰 구축의 핵심적인 요소이다.

Close mutual consultation is a key element in building trust.

신뢰 구축 (building trust).

7

상의를 거치지 않은 일방적인 통보는 관계의 단절을 초래할 수 있다.

Unilateral notification without consultation can lead to a break in the relationship.

초래할 수 있다 (can cause/lead to).

8

그들은 상의를 통해 갈등을 봉합하고 새로운 국면을 맞이했다.

They settled the conflict through consultation and entered a new phase.

갈등을 봉합하다 (to seal/settle a conflict).

تلازمات شائعة

상의를 하다 (to consult)
상의를 거치다 (to go through consultation)
상의가 필요하다 (to need consultation)
상의 끝에 (after discussion)
충분한 상의 (sufficient discussion)
사전 상의 (prior consultation)
긴밀한 상의 (close consultation)
상의를 요청하다 (to request consultation)
상의를 드리다 (to consult - humble)
상의를 나누다 (to share a discussion)

العبارات الشائعة

부모님과 상의하다 (consult with parents)

의사와 상의하다 (consult with a doctor)

팀장님과 상의하다 (consult with the team leader)

상의할 게 있어요 (I have something to discuss)

상의하고 결정할게요 (I'll decide after discussing)

서로 상의합시다 (Let's discuss with each other)

상의 없이 (without consultation)

상의 중이다 (in the middle of discussion)

상의를 통해 (through consultation)

상의할 내용 (content to discuss)

يُخلط عادةً مع

상의 vs 상담 (Counseling)

상의 vs 의논 (Discussion)

상의 vs 협의 (Negotiation)

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

سهل الخلط

상의 vs 상의 (上衣)

Same sound, completely different meaning (clothing).

상의 vs 상희

Different spelling and meaning.

상의 vs 상위

Similar sound, means high level/rank.

أنماط الجُمل

كيفية الاستخدام

nuance

상의 implies a collaborative effort, whereas 상담 implies seeking help from a higher authority or expert.

homonyms

상의 (相議) means consultation, but 상의 (上衣) means 'top' or 'upper garment'. Context is key!

أخطاء شائعة
  • Using '상의' for casual small talk (use '수다' instead).
  • Forgetting the '하다' when using it as a verb.
  • Confusing it with '상담' when talking to a professional for advice.
  • Using the object particle '-를' for the person you consult with.
  • Misspelling it as '상희' or '상위'.

نصائح

Value the Process

In Korea, even if you know the answer, asking '상의할까요?' shows you respect the other person's role.

Particle Choice

Remember: [Person] + 와/과. Never use [Person] + 을/를 with 상의하다.

Homonym Alert

If someone says '상의가 예뻐요', they are talking about your shirt, not your discussion!

Natural Flow

Use '상의 좀 할 수 있을까요?' to sound natural when approaching a colleague.

Business Context

In reports, use '상의를 거쳐' to indicate that the work was collaborative.

Context Clues

If you hear '상의' near words like '병원' (hospital) or '약' (medicine), it means consultation.

Hanja Root

Remember 'Sang' (Mutual). It's the same 'Sang' in 'Sang-ho' (mutual).

Avoid 'Dok-dan'

Being '독단적' (arbitrary) is the opposite of being good at '상의'. Aim for the latter.

Decisions

Use '상의' specifically when a decision or a choice needs to be made.

Professionalism

Mastering '상의드리다' will make you sound very professional in a Korean office.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

SANG-UI: 'SANG' (Together) + 'UI' (Idea). Sharing ideas together.

أصل الكلمة

Sino-Korean word emphasizing the 'mutual' nature of the discussion.

السياق الثقافي

Major life decisions (marriage, moving, jobs) almost always involve '상의' with elders.

The 'Pumui' system in Korean companies involves getting signatures (consultation) from multiple levels of management.

Koreans highly value '의사와 상의' (consulting with a doctor) and often seek second opinions.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"이 문제에 대해 상의할 수 있을까요? (Can we discuss this problem?)"

"부모님과 상의해 보셨어요? (Have you tried consulting with your parents?)"

"우리 어디로 갈지 상의해 봐요. (Let's discuss where to go.)"

"상의할 게 좀 있는데 시간 되세요? (I have something to discuss, do you have time?)"

"누구랑 상의하는 게 좋을까요? (Who would be good to consult with?)"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

오늘 누구와 무엇을 상의했나요? (Who did you consult with today and about what?)

상의 없이 결정해서 후회한 적이 있나요? (Have you ever regretted deciding without consultation?)

중요한 결정을 내릴 때 누구와 상의하나요? (Who do you consult with when making important decisions?)

한국의 '상의' 문화에 대해 어떻게 생각하나요? (What do you think about Korea's 'consultation' culture?)

최근에 친구와 상의한 고민이 있나요? (Is there a worry you recently discussed with a friend?)

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

Yes, you can use it with anyone when you want to discuss something to make a decision. However, for very casual things, '이야기' is more common.

They are very similar. '상의' focuses a bit more on the consultation aspect, while '의논' focuses on the exchange of opinions. They are often interchangeable.

It is neutral to formal. It's perfectly fine in both polite daily conversation and business settings.

You can say '상의하지 않았어요' or more naturally '상의 없이' (without consultation).

Yes, it is a homonym. '상의를 입다' means 'to put on a top.' Context will tell you which is which.

Use '와/과' in writing and formal speech. Use '랑/이랑' in casual spoken Korean.

Both are correct. '상의하다' is more common as a verb, while '상의를 하다' emphasizes the noun.

Yes, '의사와 상의하세요' is a very common phrase.

It means 'prior consultation'—discussing something before you actually do it.

Yes, '상의드리다' is used when you are the one seeking advice from someone higher in status.

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