A1 · Principiante Capítulo 22

Focusing on the Action: The Passive Voice

6 Reglas totales
60 ejemplos
6 min

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of focusing on the action itself by learning to hide the doer in Arabic.

  • Identify the passive voice in Arabic news and speech.
  • Apply the U-I-A vowel pattern to past tense verbs.
  • Construct present tense passive sentences using the Yu- ... -a- pattern.
Focus on the action, not the actor!

Lo que aprenderás

Ready for a cool trick in Arabic? This chapter is all about shifting your focus from *who* did an action to *what* happened! You're going to master the passive voice, called Al-Majhul in Arabic, which lets you describe events when the doer is either unknown, unimportant, or you just don't want to mention them. Imagine you're walking past a construction site and want to say,

The building *is being constructed*.
Or you hear some news and want to report,
The decision *was made*,
without knowing or caring who made it. This skill is gold for understanding everyday conversations, news, and even casual reports where the action itself is the star! Here's the cool part: Arabic makes this super intuitive! You'll learn specific, simple vowel pattern changes – like a secret code – that transform active verbs into passive ones. We'll start with past actions, where you'll see how changing vowels to a u-i sound (like turning 'fa'ala' into 'fu'ila') instantly makes the verb passive. Then we'll move to present actions, where a «yu-...-a-» pattern works its magic. Don't worry about complex grammar terms; it's all about recognizing and applying these easy-to-learn sound melodies. Even for longer, derived verbs, you'll discover simple tricks to shift the focus. By the end of this chapter, you won't just understand passive sentences; you'll be able to confidently form your own! You'll sound more natural, understand more news and conversations, and feel like a true Arabic speaker. This isn't just a grammar lesson; it's a superpower for expressing yourself more flexibly. You've got this!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Transform a simple active sentence into a passive one using correct vowel patterns.

Guía del capítulo

Overview

Welcome to an exciting chapter in your A1 Arabic grammar journey! Today, we're diving into the fascinating world of the passive voice, known in Arabic as المبني للمجهول (Al-Mabni lil-Majhul), which literally translates to
the built for the unknown.
This powerful grammatical tool allows you to shift the focus of your sentences from *who* performed an action to *what* happened, making your Arabic sound more natural and sophisticated. Mastering the Arabic passive voice is crucial for understanding everyday conversations, news headlines, and formal reports, where the doer of an action might be unknown, unimportant, or deliberately left unmentioned.
Imagine you want to say
The door was opened
without knowing or caring who opened it. Or perhaps you're reporting
The decision was made
– the action itself is the star! This skill is a game-changer for your comprehension and expression in A1 Arabic.
The beauty of Al-Majhul lies in its intuitive system of vowel changes, which act like a secret code to transform active verbs into passive ones. You'll learn simple, consistent patterns that apply across different verb types, making this seemingly complex topic surprisingly accessible. Get ready to add a new superpower to your Arabic communication!

How This Grammar Works

The core idea behind Arabic Passive Voice: 'It Was Done' (Al-Mabni lil-Majhul) is to highlight the action and its recipient, rather than the actor. When a verb is made passive, the original subject (the doer) is either omitted or becomes less prominent, and the original direct object steps in to become the new subject, called the نائب الفاعل (Na'ib al-Fa'il), meaning
deputy of the doer.
This new subject will always be in the nominative case (ending in a dhamma or equivalent).
Let's break down
The Art of Hiding the Doer: Passive Voice (Majhul)
into its key patterns.
For past actions, we use the Past Passive: The It was done Pattern (U-I-A). This involves a simple vowel change for most three-letter (Form I) verbs:
  1. 1The first letter takes a dhamma (u-sound).
  2. 2The second-to-last letter takes a kasra (i-sound).
  3. 3The last letter retains its original vowel (usually a fatha for past tense).
Example:

Active: كَتَبَ (kataba - he wrote)

Passive: كُتِبَ (kutiba - it was written)

Sentence: كُتِبَ الدَّرْسُ (kutiba ad-darsu - The lesson was written). Here, الدَّرْسُ (ad-darsu) is the Na'ib al-Fa'il.

For present or future actions, we use the Arabic Passive Present: The 'Yu- ... -a-' Pattern. This also follows a consistent vowel change:
  1. 1The prefix (like يَ- or تَ-) takes a dhamma (u-sound).
  2. 2The second-to-last letter takes a fatha (a-sound).
  3. 3The last letter retains its original vowel (usually a dhamma for present tense).
Example:

Active: يَكتُبُ (yaktubu - he writes)

Passive: يُكتَبُ (yuktabu - it is written)

Sentence: يُكتَبُ الدَّرْسُ الآنَ (yuktabu ad-darsu al-'aana - The lesson is being written now).

Even for longer, derived verbs (Forms II-X), the principle remains similar, forming the Passive of Derived Arabic Verbs (Forms II-X). Generally, past passive forms will incorporate more 'u' and 'i' sounds, while present passive forms will have a 'u' prefix and an 'a' sound before the last consonant. For instance, from عَلَّمَ (ʿallama - he taught, Form II), the passive past is عُلِّمَ (ʿullima - he was taught), and the passive present is يُعَلَّمُ (yuʿallamu - he is taught).
Don't worry about memorizing all forms at A1; recognizing the 'u-i' and 'yu-...-a' patterns is your first big step!

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: كَتَبَ الدَّرْسُ (kataba ad-darsu) (He wrote the lesson.) - *Intended: The lesson was written.*
Correct: كُتِبَ الدَّرْسُ (kutiba ad-darsu) (The lesson was written.)
*Explanation:* To make the verb passive, the first letter must take a dhamma (كُ) and the second-to-last letter must take a kasra (تِ). The original subject is removed, and the direct object becomes the nominative Na'ib al-Fa'il.
  1. 1Wrong: يُكتِبُ الرِّسَالَةُ (yukribu ar-risalatu) (The letter is written.) - *Incorrect vowel on the second-to-last letter.*
Correct: يُكتَبُ الرِّسَالَةُ (yuktabu ar-risalatu) (The letter is written.)
*Explanation:* For the present passive, the second-to-last letter must take a fatha (تَ), not a kasra (تِ). The prefix (يُ-) is correct, but the internal vowel was wrong.
  1. 1Wrong: فُتِحَ البَابَ (futiha al-baaba) (The door was opened.) - *Incorrect case for the Na'ib al-Fa'il.*
Correct: فُتِحَ البَابُ (futiha al-baabu) (The door was opened.)
*Explanation:* The Na'ib al-Fa'il (البَابُ) must always be in the nominative case, indicated by a dhamma (ـُ) at the end, not the accusative case (ـَ).

Real Conversations

A

A

مَاذَا حَدَثَ لِلْبَابِ؟ (Maadha hadatha lil-baab?) (What happened to the door?)
B

B

فُتِحَ البَابُ مُنْذُ قَلِيلٍ. (Futiha al-baabu mundhu qaliilin.) (The door was opened a little while ago.)
A

A

هَلْ يُقْرَأُ الْكِتَابُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ؟ (Hal yuqra'u al-kitaabu kulla yawmin?) (Is the book read every day?)
B

B

نَعَم، يُقْرَأُ الْكِتَابُ فِي الصَّبَاحِ. (Na'am, yuqra'u al-kitaabu fi as-sabaah.) (Yes, the book is read in the morning.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What is the main difference between active and passive voice in A1 Arabic grammar?

The main difference is the focus. Active voice emphasizes the *doer* of the action (e.g.,

Ahmed wrote the letter
). Passive voice, or Al-Majhul, emphasizes the *action itself* and its recipient, often omitting or downplaying the doer (e.g.,
The letter was written
).

Q

Do all Arabic verbs have a passive form?

Most transitive verbs (verbs that take a direct object) can be made passive. Intransitive verbs (verbs that don't take a direct object, like he slept) generally do not have a passive form, as there's no object to become the Na'ib al-Fa'il.

Q

How do I know when to use the passive voice in Arabic?

You should use the passive voice Arabic when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or you want to deliberately hide their identity. It's very common in news reports, formal announcements, and when discussing general truths where the actor is irrelevant.

Q

What happens to the direct object in a passive sentence?

In a passive sentence, the original direct object of the active sentence becomes the new subject, called the نائب الفاعل (Na'ib al-Fa'il). It takes the nominative case (marked by a dhamma or equivalent) and dictates the gender and number agreement for the passive verb.

Cultural Context

The Arabic passive voice (Al-Majhul) is very prevalent in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), especially in formal contexts like news reports, academic texts, and official statements. It allows speakers and writers to maintain objectivity or to politely avoid assigning blame or credit. While less frequent in very casual spoken dialects compared to MSA, understanding it is still essential for comprehending media and more formal conversations.
It’s also deeply rooted in classical Arabic, making it a fundamental aspect of the language's structure.

Ejemplos clave (8)

1

Suriqat maḥfaẓatī fī as-sūq.

Mi cartera fue robada en el mercado.

El arte de ocultar al culpable: Voz Pasiva (Majhul)
2

Yu'rafu hādhā al-maṭ'am bi-l-pītzā.

Este restaurante es conocido por su pizza.

El arte de ocultar al culpable: Voz Pasiva (Majhul)
3

Suriqa hātifī fī al-maṭār.

Mi teléfono fue robado en el aeropuerto.

La Voz Pasiva: Ocultando al sujeto (Majhul)
4

Yusmaḥu bi-al-taṣwīr hunā.

Está permitido fotografiar aquí.

La Voz Pasiva: Ocultando al sujeto (Majhul)
5

كُتِبَ الدَّرْسُ في الدَّفْتَرِ.

La lección fue escrita en el cuaderno.

La Voz Pasiva en Árabe: 'Fue hecho' (Al-Mabni lil-Majhul)
6

يُفْتَحُ البابُ كُلَّ صَباحٍ.

La puerta es abierta cada mañana.

La Voz Pasiva en Árabe: 'Fue hecho' (Al-Mabni lil-Majhul)
7

Wulidtu fi al-tis'inat.

Yo nací en los noventa.

Pasado Pasivo: El patrón "Fue hecho" (U-I-A)
8

Suriqa hatifi.

Mi teléfono fue robado.

Pasado Pasivo: El patrón "Fue hecho" (U-I-A)

Consejos y trucos (4)

💡

El Sonido 'U' al Inicio

Imagina que escuchas una palabra que empieza con u (Damma). ¡Presta atención! Es una pista enorme de que es voz pasiva. «كُسِرَ».
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: El arte de ocultar al culpable: Voz Pasiva (Majhul)
💡

La trampa del 'por'

Nunca intentes traducir 'por [persona]' en una frase pasiva. Si sabes quién lo hizo, ¡usa la voz activa! Es más elegante en árabe. Si quieres decir 'El libro fue escrito por Ahmed', es mejor decir: «كَتَبَ أحمَد الكِتاب».
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: La Voz Pasiva: Ocultando al sujeto (Majhul)
🎯

La Regla de la 'U'

Si escuchas un verbo que empieza con un sonido U fuerte, como en «كُتِبَ», hay una gran probabilidad de que sea pasivo. ¡Es una pista muy útil!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: La Voz Pasiva en Árabe: 'Fue hecho' (Al-Mabni lil-Majhul)
🎯

La identidad 'nacido'

El verbo pasivo más común que usarás es 'Wulida' (él nació) o 'Wulidtu' (yo nací). ¡Apréndete este de inmediato! «وُلِدْتُ في التسعينات» (Yo nací en los noventa).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pasado Pasivo: El patrón "Fue hecho" (U-I-A)

Vocabulario clave (5)

مَجْهول (Majhul) Unknown/Passive كُتِبَ (Kutiba) It was written يُكْتَبُ (Yuktabu) It is being written فِعْل (Fi'l) Verb/Action بُني (Buniya) It was built

Real-World Preview

building

At the Construction Site

Review Summary

  • Fu'ila (u-i-a)
  • Yu- ... -a-

Errores comunes

Students often forget to change the vowels, keeping the active voice. Remember to shift to the U-I-A pattern.

Wrong: Kataba al-kitab (He wrote the book - active)
Correcto: Kutiba al-kitab (The book was written - passive)

Ensure the first letter has a 'u' sound (Yu) and the middle has an 'a' sound.

Wrong: Yaktubu al-kitab (He writes the book)
Correcto: Yuktabu al-kitab (The book is being written)

Sometimes learners overthink derived verbs. Stick to the simple vowel shift rules taught.

Wrong: Buniya al-bayt (The house was built - wait, this is correct)
Correcto: Buniya al-bayt

Reglas en este capítulo (6)

Next Steps

You have mastered a key Arabic secret! Keep practicing those vowel melodies and you'll sound like a native in no time.

Listen to a news clip and identify one passive verb.

Práctica rápida (10)

Completa el espacio en blanco con la forma pasiva en pasado (Él envió -> Fue enviado).

الرِّسَالَةُ ___ (أَرْسَلَ) أَمْسِ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أُرْسِلَتْ
El pasado pasivo de la Forma IV es 'u-i'. Como 'رسالة' (carta) es femenino, añadimos la 'ت' al final.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pasiva de verbos árabes derivados (Formas II-X)

¿Qué oración esconde correctamente al autor?

You want to say 'The apple was eaten' without saying who did it.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ukilat at-tuffāḥa (أُكِلَت التُّفَّاحَة)
La Opción 2 usa el patrón pasivo 'أُكِلَت' (con 't' para la manzana femenina). La Opción 1 menciona al niño (activa). La Opción 3 es 'ella come' (activa).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: El arte de ocultar al culpable: Voz Pasiva (Majhul)

Completa la oración para que signifique 'La cartera fue robada'.

___ Al-mahfaza (La cartera). (Raíz: s-r-q)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Suriqat
Como 'cartera' (mahfaza) es femenino, necesitamos la terminación 't'. El patrón pasivo es U-I-A, por lo tanto 'Suriqat'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pasado Pasivo: El patrón "Fue hecho" (U-I-A)

Completa la frase.

The door ___ (is opened) every day. (Bāb = masc)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yuftaḥu (يُفتَحُ)
Empieza con 'Yu-' para pasivo masculino. تُـ (Tu-) sería para femenino.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Presente Pasivo en Árabe: El patrón 'Yu- ... -a-'

¿Cuál es la forma pasiva correcta para 'Es bebido'?

Elige la forma pasiva correcta en Presente:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Yushrabu
El pasivo presente usa el patrón u-a («يُشْرَبُ»). 'Yashrabu' es activo 'él bebe'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: La Voz Pasiva: Ocultando al sujeto (Majhul)

Corrige el género del verbo pasivo.

Find and fix the mistake:

كُتِبَ الرِّسالَةُ. (La carta fue escrita.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: كُتِبَت الرِّسالَةُ
Como 'الرِّسالة' (la carta) es femenina, el verbo también debe ser femenino: 'كُتِبَت'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: La Voz Pasiva en Árabe: 'Fue hecho' (Al-Mabni lil-Majhul)

Selecciona la forma pasiva correcta.

Which word means 'It is eaten'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yu'kalu (يُؤكَلُ)
Necesitamos el prefijo 'Yu-' y la 'a' antes del final. يَأكُلُ (ya'kulu) es activo (él come).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Presente Pasivo en Árabe: El patrón 'Yu- ... -a-'

Cambia 'كَتَبَ' (Él escribió) a pasivo pasado.

____ الدَّرْسُ. (La lección fue escrita.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: كُتِبَ
'كُتِبَ' sigue el patrón pasivo pasado: Damma en la primera letra y Kasra en la penúltima.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: La Voz Pasiva en Árabe: 'Fue hecho' (Al-Mabni lil-Majhul)

Encuentra y corrige el error en la forma pasiva en pasado de 'enseñar'.

Find and fix the mistake:

دَرَّسَ العَرَبِيَّةُ (Darrasa al-arabiyya) - El idioma árabe fue enseñado.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: دُرِّسَتِ العَرَبِيَّةُ
El pasado pasivo para la Forma II es 'u-i' (durrisa). Como 'árabe' es femenino, necesitamos 'دُرِّسَت'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pasiva de verbos árabes derivados (Formas II-X)

Corrige el error en esta oración pasiva.

Find and fix the mistake:

Kusira al-bab min qibal Ali. (La puerta fue rota por Ali.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kasara Ali al-bab.
El árabe no usa 'por [persona]' con verbos pasivos. Si sabes que Ali lo hizo, DEBES volver a la voz activa: 'Ali rompió la puerta'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pasado Pasivo: El patrón "Fue hecho" (U-I-A)

Score: /10

Preguntas frecuentes (6)

¡El objeto obtiene un ascenso! Se convierte en el Sujeto Delegado (Na'ib Fa'il) y termina con Damma (u) en lugar de Fatha (a). «كُتِبَ الدَّرْسُ» (No darsa).
Sí, pero las vocales pueden cambiar un poco según el dialecto (egipcio, levantino). Sin embargo, el concepto es exactamente el mismo. «كان مكسور» (fue roto - en dialecto).
Significa 'Desconocido'. El término gramatical 'Al-Mabni li-l-Majhul' se traduce como 'La estructura para lo desconocido', ¡porque el que hace la acción es un misterio!
Mayormente los verbos transitivos (verbos que tienen un objeto). No puedes hacer pasivo 'él se sentó' a menos que añadas una preposición, pero eso es más avanzado.
Significa que el verbo necesita un 'Maf'ul Bihi' (Objeto) para tener sentido. Por ejemplo, 'golpear' (ضَرَبَ) necesita una persona o cosa golpeada. Solo estos verbos pueden volverse pasivos. Por ejemplo: «ضَرَبَ الْوَلَدُ الْكُرَةَ» (El niño golpeó la pelota).
En gramática tradicional, no. Dirías 'كُتِبَ الكِتابُ' (El libro fue escrito). Si quieres mencionar a Ali, usa el activo: 'كَتَبَ عَلِيٌّ الكِتابَ' (Ali escribió el libro).