A1 · Débutant Chapitre 22

Focusing on the Action: The Passive Voice

6 Règles totales
60 exemples
6 min

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of focusing on the action itself by learning to hide the doer in Arabic.

  • Identify the passive voice in Arabic news and speech.
  • Apply the U-I-A vowel pattern to past tense verbs.
  • Construct present tense passive sentences using the Yu- ... -a- pattern.
Focus on the action, not the actor!

Ce que tu vas apprendre

Ready for a cool trick in Arabic? This chapter is all about shifting your focus from *who* did an action to *what* happened! You're going to master the passive voice, called Al-Majhul in Arabic, which lets you describe events when the doer is either unknown, unimportant, or you just don't want to mention them. Imagine you're walking past a construction site and want to say,

The building *is being constructed*.
Or you hear some news and want to report,
The decision *was made*,
without knowing or caring who made it. This skill is gold for understanding everyday conversations, news, and even casual reports where the action itself is the star! Here's the cool part: Arabic makes this super intuitive! You'll learn specific, simple vowel pattern changes – like a secret code – that transform active verbs into passive ones. We'll start with past actions, where you'll see how changing vowels to a u-i sound (like turning 'fa'ala' into 'fu'ila') instantly makes the verb passive. Then we'll move to present actions, where a «yu-...-a-» pattern works its magic. Don't worry about complex grammar terms; it's all about recognizing and applying these easy-to-learn sound melodies. Even for longer, derived verbs, you'll discover simple tricks to shift the focus. By the end of this chapter, you won't just understand passive sentences; you'll be able to confidently form your own! You'll sound more natural, understand more news and conversations, and feel like a true Arabic speaker. This isn't just a grammar lesson; it's a superpower for expressing yourself more flexibly. You've got this!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Transform a simple active sentence into a passive one using correct vowel patterns.

Guide du chapitre

Overview

Welcome to an exciting chapter in your A1 Arabic grammar journey! Today, we're diving into the fascinating world of the passive voice, known in Arabic as المبني للمجهول (Al-Mabni lil-Majhul), which literally translates to
the built for the unknown.
This powerful grammatical tool allows you to shift the focus of your sentences from *who* performed an action to *what* happened, making your Arabic sound more natural and sophisticated. Mastering the Arabic passive voice is crucial for understanding everyday conversations, news headlines, and formal reports, where the doer of an action might be unknown, unimportant, or deliberately left unmentioned.
Imagine you want to say
The door was opened
without knowing or caring who opened it. Or perhaps you're reporting
The decision was made
– the action itself is the star! This skill is a game-changer for your comprehension and expression in A1 Arabic.
The beauty of Al-Majhul lies in its intuitive system of vowel changes, which act like a secret code to transform active verbs into passive ones. You'll learn simple, consistent patterns that apply across different verb types, making this seemingly complex topic surprisingly accessible. Get ready to add a new superpower to your Arabic communication!

How This Grammar Works

The core idea behind Arabic Passive Voice: 'It Was Done' (Al-Mabni lil-Majhul) is to highlight the action and its recipient, rather than the actor. When a verb is made passive, the original subject (the doer) is either omitted or becomes less prominent, and the original direct object steps in to become the new subject, called the نائب الفاعل (Na'ib al-Fa'il), meaning
deputy of the doer.
This new subject will always be in the nominative case (ending in a dhamma or equivalent).
Let's break down
The Art of Hiding the Doer: Passive Voice (Majhul)
into its key patterns.
For past actions, we use the Past Passive: The It was done Pattern (U-I-A). This involves a simple vowel change for most three-letter (Form I) verbs:
  1. 1The first letter takes a dhamma (u-sound).
  2. 2The second-to-last letter takes a kasra (i-sound).
  3. 3The last letter retains its original vowel (usually a fatha for past tense).
Example:

Active: كَتَبَ (kataba - he wrote)

Passive: كُتِبَ (kutiba - it was written)

Sentence: كُتِبَ الدَّرْسُ (kutiba ad-darsu - The lesson was written). Here, الدَّرْسُ (ad-darsu) is the Na'ib al-Fa'il.

For present or future actions, we use the Arabic Passive Present: The 'Yu- ... -a-' Pattern. This also follows a consistent vowel change:
  1. 1The prefix (like يَ- or تَ-) takes a dhamma (u-sound).
  2. 2The second-to-last letter takes a fatha (a-sound).
  3. 3The last letter retains its original vowel (usually a dhamma for present tense).
Example:

Active: يَكتُبُ (yaktubu - he writes)

Passive: يُكتَبُ (yuktabu - it is written)

Sentence: يُكتَبُ الدَّرْسُ الآنَ (yuktabu ad-darsu al-'aana - The lesson is being written now).

Even for longer, derived verbs (Forms II-X), the principle remains similar, forming the Passive of Derived Arabic Verbs (Forms II-X). Generally, past passive forms will incorporate more 'u' and 'i' sounds, while present passive forms will have a 'u' prefix and an 'a' sound before the last consonant. For instance, from عَلَّمَ (ʿallama - he taught, Form II), the passive past is عُلِّمَ (ʿullima - he was taught), and the passive present is يُعَلَّمُ (yuʿallamu - he is taught).
Don't worry about memorizing all forms at A1; recognizing the 'u-i' and 'yu-...-a' patterns is your first big step!

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: كَتَبَ الدَّرْسُ (kataba ad-darsu) (He wrote the lesson.) - *Intended: The lesson was written.*
Correct: كُتِبَ الدَّرْسُ (kutiba ad-darsu) (The lesson was written.)
*Explanation:* To make the verb passive, the first letter must take a dhamma (كُ) and the second-to-last letter must take a kasra (تِ). The original subject is removed, and the direct object becomes the nominative Na'ib al-Fa'il.
  1. 1Wrong: يُكتِبُ الرِّسَالَةُ (yukribu ar-risalatu) (The letter is written.) - *Incorrect vowel on the second-to-last letter.*
Correct: يُكتَبُ الرِّسَالَةُ (yuktabu ar-risalatu) (The letter is written.)
*Explanation:* For the present passive, the second-to-last letter must take a fatha (تَ), not a kasra (تِ). The prefix (يُ-) is correct, but the internal vowel was wrong.
  1. 1Wrong: فُتِحَ البَابَ (futiha al-baaba) (The door was opened.) - *Incorrect case for the Na'ib al-Fa'il.*
Correct: فُتِحَ البَابُ (futiha al-baabu) (The door was opened.)
*Explanation:* The Na'ib al-Fa'il (البَابُ) must always be in the nominative case, indicated by a dhamma (ـُ) at the end, not the accusative case (ـَ).

Real Conversations

A

A

مَاذَا حَدَثَ لِلْبَابِ؟ (Maadha hadatha lil-baab?) (What happened to the door?)
B

B

فُتِحَ البَابُ مُنْذُ قَلِيلٍ. (Futiha al-baabu mundhu qaliilin.) (The door was opened a little while ago.)
A

A

هَلْ يُقْرَأُ الْكِتَابُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ؟ (Hal yuqra'u al-kitaabu kulla yawmin?) (Is the book read every day?)
B

B

نَعَم، يُقْرَأُ الْكِتَابُ فِي الصَّبَاحِ. (Na'am, yuqra'u al-kitaabu fi as-sabaah.) (Yes, the book is read in the morning.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What is the main difference between active and passive voice in A1 Arabic grammar?

The main difference is the focus. Active voice emphasizes the *doer* of the action (e.g.,

Ahmed wrote the letter
). Passive voice, or Al-Majhul, emphasizes the *action itself* and its recipient, often omitting or downplaying the doer (e.g.,
The letter was written
).

Q

Do all Arabic verbs have a passive form?

Most transitive verbs (verbs that take a direct object) can be made passive. Intransitive verbs (verbs that don't take a direct object, like he slept) generally do not have a passive form, as there's no object to become the Na'ib al-Fa'il.

Q

How do I know when to use the passive voice in Arabic?

You should use the passive voice Arabic when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or you want to deliberately hide their identity. It's very common in news reports, formal announcements, and when discussing general truths where the actor is irrelevant.

Q

What happens to the direct object in a passive sentence?

In a passive sentence, the original direct object of the active sentence becomes the new subject, called the نائب الفاعل (Na'ib al-Fa'il). It takes the nominative case (marked by a dhamma or equivalent) and dictates the gender and number agreement for the passive verb.

Cultural Context

The Arabic passive voice (Al-Majhul) is very prevalent in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), especially in formal contexts like news reports, academic texts, and official statements. It allows speakers and writers to maintain objectivity or to politely avoid assigning blame or credit. While less frequent in very casual spoken dialects compared to MSA, understanding it is still essential for comprehending media and more formal conversations.
It’s also deeply rooted in classical Arabic, making it a fundamental aspect of the language's structure.

Exemples clés (8)

1

Suriqat maḥfaẓatī fī as-sūq.

Mon portefeuille a été volé au marché.

L'art de cacher le coupable : La Voix Passive (Majhul)
2

Yu'rafu hādhā al-maṭ'am bi-l-pītzā.

Ce restaurant est connu pour sa pizza.

L'art de cacher le coupable : La Voix Passive (Majhul)
3

Suriqa hātifī fī al-maṭār.

Mon téléphone a été volé à l'aéroport.

La Voix Passive : Cacher l'auteur (Majhul)
4

Yusmaḥu bi-al-taṣwīr hunā.

La photographie est autorisée ici.

La Voix Passive : Cacher l'auteur (Majhul)
5

كُتِبَ الدَّرْسُ في الدَّفْتَرِ.

La leçon a été écrite dans le cahier.

La Voix Passive en Arabe : « Cela a été fait » (Al-Mabni lil-Majhul)
6

يُفْتَحُ البابُ كُلَّ صَباحٍ.

La porte est ouverte tous les matins.

La Voix Passive en Arabe : « Cela a été fait » (Al-Mabni lil-Majhul)
7

Wulidtu fi al-tis'inat.

Je suis né dans les années 90.

Passé Passif : Le modèle "Ça a été fait" (U-I-A)
8

Suriqa hatifi.

Mon téléphone a été volé.

Passé Passif : Le modèle "Ça a été fait" (U-I-A)

Conseils et astuces (4)

💡

Le son "Ou" au début

Si un verbe commence par un son 'ou' (Damma), c'est un indice ! C'est souvent le signe d'une voix passive. «كُتِبَ» (Kutiba - il a été écrit).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: L'art de cacher le coupable : La Voix Passive (Majhul)
💡

Le piège du "par"

Si tu connais la personne qui fait l'action, utilise la voix active, c'est plus direct en arabe. Par exemple, ne dis pas «كُتِبَ الكِتابُ بِواسِطة أحمَد» (Le livre a été écrit par Ahmed) mais plutôt «كَتَبَ أَحْمَد الكِتابَ» (Ahmed a écrit le livre).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: La Voix Passive : Cacher l'auteur (Majhul)
🎯

La règle du 'U'

Si un verbe arabe commence par un son 'U' (Damma), il y a 99% de chances qu'il soit passif ou un verbe de forme II/IV. Regarde toujours l'avant-dernière voyelle pour être sûr ! Par exemple, dans «كُتِبَ», le 'U' au début est un indice.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: La Voix Passive en Arabe : « Cela a été fait » (Al-Mabni lil-Majhul)
🎯

Le verbe 'Naître'

Le verbe passif le plus courant que tu vas utiliser, c'est pour dire être né. Mémorise-le tout de suite ! Je suis né وُلِدْتُ
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passé Passif : Le modèle "Ça a été fait" (U-I-A)

Vocabulaire clé (5)

مَجْهول (Majhul) Unknown/Passive كُتِبَ (Kutiba) It was written يُكْتَبُ (Yuktabu) It is being written فِعْل (Fi'l) Verb/Action بُني (Buniya) It was built

Real-World Preview

building

At the Construction Site

Review Summary

  • Fu'ila (u-i-a)
  • Yu- ... -a-

Erreurs courantes

Students often forget to change the vowels, keeping the active voice. Remember to shift to the U-I-A pattern.

Wrong: Kataba al-kitab (He wrote the book - active)
Correct: Kutiba al-kitab (The book was written - passive)

Ensure the first letter has a 'u' sound (Yu) and the middle has an 'a' sound.

Wrong: Yaktubu al-kitab (He writes the book)
Correct: Yuktabu al-kitab (The book is being written)

Sometimes learners overthink derived verbs. Stick to the simple vowel shift rules taught.

Wrong: Buniya al-bayt (The house was built - wait, this is correct)
Correct: Buniya al-bayt

Règles dans ce chapitre (6)

Next Steps

You have mastered a key Arabic secret! Keep practicing those vowel melodies and you'll sound like a native in no time.

Listen to a news clip and identify one passive verb.

Pratique rapide (10)

Corrige le genre du verbe passif.

Find and fix the mistake:

كُتِبَ الرِّسالَةُ. (La lettre a été écrite.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: كُتِبَت الرِّسالَةُ
Puisque 'al-risalah' (la lettre) est féminin, le verbe doit aussi être féminin : 'kutibat'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: La Voix Passive en Arabe : « Cela a été fait » (Al-Mabni lil-Majhul)

Corrige l'erreur dans cette phrase passive.

Find and fix the mistake:

Kutiba al-risāla ams.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kutibat al-risāla ams.
«الرِّسالَة» (la lettre) est féminine, donc le verbe doit s'accorder en genre : «كُتِبَت», pas «كُتِبَ».

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: La Voix Passive : Cacher l'auteur (Majhul)

Quelle phrase dit correctement 'Cette application est utilisée' ?

Choisis la forme passive présente :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: يُسْتَخْدَمُ هَذَا التَّطْبِيقُ
Le passif présent de Forme X commence par 'ou' et a un 'a' sur l'avant-dernière radicale.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passif des verbes arabes dérivés (Formes II-X)

Trouve l'erreur.

Find and fix the mistake:

Al-risāla yursalu (الرِسَالة يُرسَلُ).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Al-risāla tursalu (الرِسَالة تُرسَلُ)
Risāla (message) est féminin, donc le verbe doit commencer par T (Tursalu), pas Y.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Présent Passif Arabe : Le modèle 'Yu- ... -a-'

Transforme 'Kataba' (Il a écrit) au passif passé.

____ الدَّرْسُ. (La leçon a été écrite.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: كُتِبَ
'Kutiba' suit le modèle du passif passé : Damma sur la première lettre et Kasra sur l'avant-dernière.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: La Voix Passive en Arabe : « Cela a été fait » (Al-Mabni lil-Majhul)

Complète la phrase avec la forme passive correcte (Passé).

The door ___ (was opened) yesterday. (Root: F-T-H)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: futiḥa (فُتِحَ)
Nous avons besoin du modèle passif passé 'Fu'ila'. Futiḥa correspond à cela. Fataḥa est actif (il a ouvert), et Yuftaḥu est présent (est en train d'être ouvert).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: L'art de cacher le coupable : La Voix Passive (Majhul)

Complète la phrase pour dire 'Le portefeuille a été volé'.

___ Al-mahfaza (Le portefeuille). (Racine : s-r-q)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Suriqat
Parce que 'portefeuille' (mahfaza) est féminin, il faut la terminaison 't'. Le modèle passif est U-I-A, donc 'Suriqat'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passé Passif : Le modèle "Ça a été fait" (U-I-A)

Corrige l'erreur dans cette phrase passive.

Find and fix the mistake:

Kutiba ad-darsu min qibal al-ustādh. (The lesson was written by the teacher).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kataba al-ustādh ad-darsa. (كَتَبَ الأُسْتَاذُ الدَّرْسَ)
Tu ne peux pas utiliser 'par' (min qibal) avec le passif en arabe pour nommer l'agent. Tu dois revenir à la voix active si tu veux mentionner le professeur.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: L'art de cacher le coupable : La Voix Passive (Majhul)

Quelle est la forme passive correcte pour 'C'est bu' ?

Choose the correct Present Passive form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Yushrabu
Le passif présent utilise le schéma ou-a («يُشْرَبُ»). «يَشْرَبُ» est actif 'il boit'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: La Voix Passive : Cacher l'auteur (Majhul)

Corrige l'erreur dans cette phrase passive.

Find and fix the mistake:

Kusira al-bab min qibal Ali. (La porte a été cassée par Ali.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kasara Ali al-bab.
L'arabe n'utilise pas 'par [personne]' avec les verbes passifs. Si tu sais qu'Ali l'a fait, tu DOIS revenir à la voix active : 'Ali a cassé la porte'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passé Passif : Le modèle "Ça a été fait" (U-I-A)

Score: /10

Questions fréquentes (6)

L'objet est promu ! Il devient le 'sujet remplaçant' (Na'ib Fa'il) et prend une terminaison Damma (u) au lieu de Fatha (a). «كُتِبَ الدَّرْسُ» (pas darsa).
Oui, mais les voyelles peuvent changer un peu selon le dialecte (égyptien, levantin). Le concept reste exactement le même.
Ça veut dire 'Inconnu'. Le terme grammatical «المبني للمجهول» (Al-Mabni li-l-Majhul) signifie littéralement 'La structure pour l'inconnu', car l'auteur de l'action est un mystère.
Principalement les verbes transitifs, ceux qui ont un objet (comme 'manger une pomme'). Tu ne peux pas vraiment rendre 'il s'est assis' passif, à moins d'ajouter une préposition, mais c'est un niveau plus avancé.
Cela signifie que le verbe a besoin d'un 'Maf'ul Bihi' (Objet) pour avoir un sens. Par exemple, 'frapper' (daraba) a besoin d'une personne ou d'une chose à frapper. Seuls ces verbes peuvent devenir passifs. Comme dans «أَكَلَ التُّفاحَةَ» (Il a mangé la pomme).
En grammaire traditionnelle, non. Tu dirais simplement «كُتِبَ الكِتابُ» (Le livre a été écrit). Si tu veux mentionner Ali, utilise l'actif : «كَتَبَ عَلِيٌّ الكِتابَ» (Ali a écrit le livre).