A1 · Débutant Chapitre 21

Linking Sentences Together

8 Règles totales
84 exemples
5 min

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Transform short, choppy sentences into elegant, flowing Arabic descriptions using relative pronouns and emphasis.

  • Connect sentences using 'who', 'which', and 'that' (al-ladhi/al-lati).
  • Master the 'returning pronoun' to keep your descriptions grammatically perfect.
  • Use 'Iyya' to emphasize people and objects in your speech.
Connect your thoughts, amplify your voice.

Ce que tu vas apprendre

Hey friend! Ready to make your Arabic sentences more beautiful and complete than ever? In this chapter, you're going to learn how to link words and ideas together in Arabic, making your speech sound much more natural and professional. No more short, choppy sentences! What will we learn? Our main focus will be on Arabic relative pronouns, just like who, which, or that in English, such as «الذی» (al-ladhī) and «التی» (al-latī). You'll learn exactly how to use them correctly so their gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/dual/plural) perfectly match the noun they're describing. We'll even see how they change for two items (like «الذان» and «التان») and discover that for indefinite nouns, you don't need them at all. Another exciting part is learning how to properly place the resumptive pronoun to make your sentence fully coherent. And wait, there's another cool trick: we'll learn how to use «إیا» (iyyā) to emphasize you or any other object, for instance, when you want to strongly state,

It was *you* who saw him!
or deliver a serious warning! Why does it matter? Imagine you want to tell your friend,
That boy who I saw at the cafe yesterday was really cool.
Or,
The book that you gave me changed my life.
If you don't know these structures, your sentences will feel incomplete. But with this chapter, you'll be able to convey your exact meaning, create beautiful and precise descriptions, and no one will think you're a beginner anymore! This chapter is like a step that takes you towards fluent and engaging Arabic. Don't worry at all, it's easier than you think!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to identify and use the correct singular and dual relative pronouns based on gender.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to construct sentences that include a resumptive pronoun (damir al-aa'id).
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to emphasize a specific person or object using the 'Iyya' particle.

Guide du chapitre

Overview

Welcome, future Arabic speaker! Ready to level up your A1 Arabic grammar? This chapter is your secret weapon for transforming basic sentences into rich, natural-sounding Arabic.
Forget short, choppy phrases; we're diving into the art of linking ideas, making your speech flow beautifully. Understanding how to connect thoughts seamlessly is a cornerstone of true fluency, and it's what will make you sound less like a beginner and more like a confident communicator. We'll explore the fascinating world of Arabic relative pronouns, which are essential for describing nouns with more detail, much like who, which, or that in English.
By mastering these structures, you'll gain the ability to express complex ideas with clarity and precision. Imagine being able to say,
The book that I read was interesting,
or
The friend who helped me is kind.
These are common sentence patterns in everyday conversation, and this guide will equip you with the tools to construct them effortlessly. We'll also uncover the clever use of resumptive pronouns and even learn how to add powerful emphasis using a special pronoun for you or other objects.
This chapter is designed to build a strong foundation, ensuring your Arabic journey is both effective and enjoyable.

How This Grammar Works

Our journey into linking sentences begins with Arabic relative pronouns, the glue that connects a noun to a descriptive clause. For singular nouns, we primarily use الذي (al-ladhī) for masculine and التي (al-latī) for feminine. For example, to say the boy who..., you'd use الولد الذي (al-walad al-ladhī).
For the girl who..., it's الفتاة التي (al-fatāh al-latī). These pronouns must match the noun they refer to in gender and number.
Let's look at examples:
الرجل الذي رأيته في السوق كان لطيفاً. (The man who I saw in the market was kind.)
السيارة التي اشتريتها جديدة. (The car which I bought is new.)
What about when you're talking about two people or things? That's where Relative Pronouns for Two come in! For masculine duals, we use اللذان (al-ladhān) in the nominative case (when it's the subject) or اللذين (al-ladhayn) in accusative/genitive.
For feminine duals, it's اللتان (al-latān) in the nominative or اللتين (al-latayn). At A1, focus on اللذان and اللتان first:
الطالبان اللذان نجحا سعيدان. (The two students who succeeded are happy.)
المدينتان اللتان زرتهما جميلتان. (The two cities which I visited are beautiful.)
A crucial element here is The 'Returning' Pronoun (or resumptive pronoun). This is a small pronoun (like -ه, -ها, -هم) embedded in the relative clause that refers back to the noun described by the relative pronoun. It's often hidden in English but vital in Arabic.
الكتاب الذي قرأته ممتع. (The book which I read *it* is interesting.) - The ـه (hu) in قرأته (qara'tuhu) refers back to الكتاب.
الفتاة التي رأيتها في الحديقة صديقتي. (The girl who I saw *her* in the park is my friend.) - The ـها (hā) in رأيتها (ra'aytuhā) refers back to الفتاة.
Finally, for emphasis, especially with you, we use Arabic Separate Object Pronouns: Emphasizing 'YOU' with إيا (iyyā). This is a powerful way to highlight the object of a verb.
إياك نعبد. (It is *You* we worship.) - A very strong emphasis on You.
إياك أقصد. (It is *you* I mean.)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: الرجل الذي رأيت كان لطيفاً. (The man who I saw was kind.)
Correct: الرجل الذي رأيته كان لطيفاً. (The man who I saw *him* was kind.)
*Explanation:* This is a common error of omitting the resumptive pronoun (the -ه in رأيته). In Arabic, the relative clause must contain a pronoun that refers back to the noun being described.
  1. 1Wrong: السيارة الذي اشتريتها جديدة. (The car which I bought is new.)
Correct: السيارة التي اشتريتها جديدة. (The car which I bought is new.)
*Explanation:* The relative pronoun الذي (masculine) does not match the feminine noun السيارة (car). It should be التي (feminine). Always match gender and number!
  1. 1Wrong: أنت أقصد. (You I mean.)
Correct: إياك أقصد. (It is *you* I mean.)
*Explanation:* While «أنت أقصد» is grammatically understandable, to convey strong emphasis on you as the direct object, إياك is the correct and more impactful structure.

Real Conversations

A

A

هل تعرف الرجل الذي يعمل في هذا المتجر؟ (Do you know the man who works in this store?)
B

B

نعم، الرجل الذي تراه هناك هو صديقي. (Yes, the man whom you see there is my friend.)
A

A

أين الكتب التي اشتريتها أمس؟ (Where are the books which you bought yesterday?)
B

B

الكتب التي اشتريتها على الطاولة. (The books which I bought are on the table.)
A

A

هل هذا هو الكتاب الذي كنت تبحث عنه؟ (Is this the book that you were looking for?)
B

B

نعم، إياه أبحث عنه منذ أيام! (Yes, it is *that* I have been looking for for days!)

Quick FAQ

Q

What are Arabic relative pronouns and why are they important for A1 Arabic learners?

Arabic relative pronouns (like الذي and التي) are words that connect a noun to a descriptive clause, allowing you to add more detail to your sentences. They are crucial for A1 Arabic as they enable you to move beyond simple statements and create more natural, complex expressions, making your communication clearer and more precise.

Q

When do I use الذي versus التي?

You use الذي (al-ladhī) when the noun you are describing is masculine and singular. You use التي (al-latī) when the noun is feminine and singular. Always match the relative pronoun's gender and number to the noun it refers to.

Q

What is a resumptive pronoun in Arabic, and why is it necessary?

A resumptive pronoun is a small pronoun (like -ه, -ها) embedded within the relative clause that refers back to the noun described by the relative pronoun. It's necessary in Arabic to maintain grammatical coherence and clearly link the relative clause back to its antecedent, even if it's not explicitly translated into English.

Q

How can I emphasize you or another object in an Arabic sentence?

To strongly emphasize you or another object, you can use the pronoun إيا (iyyā) followed by the appropriate attached pronoun (e.g., إياك for masculine singular you, إياها for feminine singular her). This structure highlights the object with significant force.

Cultural Context

These linking structures, particularly Arabic relative pronouns and resumptive pronouns, are fundamental to how native Arabic speakers articulate complex thoughts. They are not just formal grammar points but are deeply integrated into everyday speech, from casual conversations to formal news broadcasts and literature. Mastering them allows for elegant and precise descriptions, preventing ambiguity and enriching your expression.
While regional dialects might simplify or omit some grammatical nuances, the standard usage of these pronouns remains a hallmark of clear and educated Arabic, making your speech sound more authentic and sophisticated across the Arab world.

Exemples clés (8)

1

هذا هو الفيلم الذي شاهدته أمس.

C'est le film que j'ai regardé hier.

Pronoms Relatifs Arabes : qui, que, dont (الذي، التي)
2

أين البيتزا التي طلبتها؟

Où est la pizza que j'ai commandée ?

Pronoms Relatifs Arabes : qui, que, dont (الذي، التي)
3

Ar-rajulu al-ladhi ra'aytuhu fi al-matjar.

L'homme que j'ai vu au magasin.

Pronoms relatifs arabes : qui, que (al-ladhi, al-lati)
4

As-sayyaratu al-lati ishtaraytuha sari'a.

La voiture que j'ai achetée est rapide.

Pronoms relatifs arabes : qui, que (al-ladhi, al-lati)
5

Al-rajulu alladhi yaskunu huna tayyib jiddan.

L'homme qui habite ici est très gentil.

Les pronoms relatifs en arabe : qui, que (alladhi, allati)
6

Ayna al-mihfadha allati kanat 'ala al-tawila?

Où est le portefeuille qui était sur la table ?

Les pronoms relatifs en arabe : qui, que (alladhi, allati)
7

`al-rajul al-ladhī ya'kul al-tuffāḥah`

L'homme qui mange la pomme.

Les pronoms relatifs en arabe : Qui, que, dont (الذي، التي)
8

`hādhihi hiya al-bint al-latī tadrus ma'ī`

C'est la fille qui étudie avec moi.

Les pronoms relatifs en arabe : Qui, que, dont (الذي، التي)

Conseils et astuces (4)

💡

Le pronom 'caché'

L'arabe ajoute souvent un petit pronom plus tard dans la phrase qui renvoie au nom. Pense à : "Le livre que je l'ai lu« : »الكتاب الذي قرأته".
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronoms Relatifs Arabes : qui, que, dont (الذي، التي)
⚠️

Le pont invisible

N'utilise jamais 'الذي' ou 'التي' si le nom n'a pas le 'الـ' au début. C'est une erreur ! «الكتاب الذي» est correct, mais «كتاب الذي» ne l'est pas.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronoms relatifs arabes : qui, que (al-ladhi, al-lati)
💡

La Clé 'Al-'

Cherche toujours le 'Al-' (الـ) au début du nom. S'il n'y est pas, garde ton pronom relatif en poche, tu n'en as pas besoin ! «السيارة التي أحبها» (La voiture que j'aime).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Les pronoms relatifs en arabe : qui, que (alladhi, allati)
⚠️

Le 'Zéro Relatif'

Ne traduis pas 'que' en arabe si le nom est imprécis.
Un homme que je connais
devient juste «رجل أعرفه» (Un homme que je connais).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Les pronoms relatifs en arabe : Qui, que, dont (الذي، التي)

Vocabulaire clé (6)

اَلرَّجُلُ the man (al-rajulu) اَلْمَرْأَةُ the woman (al-mar'atu) اَلْكِتَابُ the book (al-kitābu) قَرَأَ he read (qara'a) رَأَى he saw (ra'ā) إِيَّاكَ You (emphatic object) (iyyāka)

Real-World Preview

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Describing a Lost Item

Review Summary

  • Definite Noun + الذي/التي + Clause
  • Noun + Relative + Verb + [Suffix Pronoun]
  • إيا + [Suffix Pronoun] + Verb

Erreurs courantes

In Arabic, you must include the 'returning' pronoun (it) if the relative pronoun is the object of the verb.

Wrong: الرجل الذي رأيت (Al-rajulu al-ladhī ra'aytu)
Correct: الرجل الذي رأيته (Al-rajulu al-ladhī ra'aytuhu)

Relative pronouns only follow definite nouns (with Al-). Also, the gender must match (al-latī for girl).

Wrong: بنت الذي درست (Bintun al-ladhī darasat)
Correct: البنت التي درست (Al-bintu al-latī darasat)

The relative pronoun must match the gender of the noun it describes, and the subsequent description must also agree.

Wrong: الرجل الذي هي طويلة (Al-rajulu al-ladhī hiya tawīlatun)
Correct: الرجل الذي هو طويل (Al-rajulu al-ladhī huwa tawīlun)

Règles dans ce chapitre (8)

Next Steps

You've just unlocked a major level of Arabic fluency. Connecting sentences is what makes you sound like a real speaker. Keep practicing these links!

Describe three items in your room using relative pronouns.

Listen to a basic Arabic news clip and try to spot the word 'al-ladhī'.

Pratique rapide (10)

Quelle phrase est grammaticalement correcte pour un nom indéfini ?

Choisis la version correcte de 'Une voiture que j'ai achetée' :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: سيارة اشتريتها
En arabe, les noms indéfinis (sans 'al-') n'utilisent pas de pronoms relatifs comme 'التي'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Les pronoms relatifs en arabe : Qui, que, dont (الذي، التي)

Complète la phrase avec le bon pronom suffixe (le petit mot à la fin du verbe).

Al-qahwah allatī sharibtu___ kānat sākhinah. (Le café que j'ai bu était chaud.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hā (elle)
Al-qahwah (café) est féminin en arabe, donc il faut le suffixe féminin '-hā'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Le pronom de 'rappel' (Pronoms résomptifs)

Corrige l'erreur dans la phrase.

Find and fix the mistake:

هذا هو الفيلم الذين شاهدته. (Hadha huwa al-fīlm al-ladhina shāhadtuhu.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: هذا هو الفيلم الذي شاهدته.
'الفيلم' est masculin singulier, donc on doit utiliser 'الذي' au lieu de 'الذين'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronoms relatifs arabes : qui, que (al-ladhi, al-lati)

Quelle phrase décrit correctement un nom indéfini ?

J'ai vu un film qui était drôle.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: شاهدت فيلماً كان مضحكاً (Shāhadtu fīlman kāna mudhikan)
Correct ! Quand le nom est indéfini ('fīlman' = un film), on supprime complètement le connecteur.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Phrases Imbriquées (Celui qui, Celle qui...)

Complète le blanc avec le bon pronom relatif.

البيت ___ أسكن فيه قديم. (Al-baytu ___ askunu fihi qadim.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: الذي
Le mot 'البيت' (maison) est masculin singulier, donc on utilise 'الذي'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronoms relatifs arabes : qui, que (al-ladhi, al-lati)

Remplis le vide avec le pronom relatif correct.

البيت ___ أسكن فيه كبير.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: الذي
«البيت» (maison) est masculin singulier, il nécessite donc «الذي».

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronoms Relatifs Arabes : qui, que, dont (الذي، التي)

Corrige l'erreur dans cette phrase.

Find and fix the mistake:

الرجل التي يعمل هنا.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: الرجل الذي يعمل هنا.
'Al-rajul' (l'homme) est masculin, donc tu dois utiliser 'الذي', pas 'التي'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Phrases Imbriquées (Celui qui, Celle qui...)

Trouve l'erreur d'accord de genre.

Find and fix the mistake:

السيارة الذي اشتريتها سريعة.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: السيارة التي اشتريتها سريعة.
'al-sayyārah' est féminin, il doit donc utiliser 'التي' au lieu de 'الذي'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Les pronoms relatifs en arabe : Qui, que, dont (الذي، التي)

Identifie la phrase correcte pour : "Les deux livres qui sont sur la table."

Quelle est la bonne phrase ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: الكتابان اللذان على الطاولة.
Les deux livres (الكتابان) est le sujet (Nominatif, se terminant par -ān). Le pronom relatif doit correspondre : اللذان.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronoms relatifs duels (Al-Ladhān / Al-Latān)

Trouve le pronom manquant dans cette phrase.

Find and fix the mistake:

Al-film alladhī shāhadtu mumill. (Le film que j'ai regardé est ennuyeux.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Al-film alladhī shāhadtuhu mumill.
Tu dois ajouter '-hu' (lui) au verbe car 'film' est un nom masculin en arabe.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Le pronom de 'rappel' (Pronoms résomptifs)

Score: /10

Questions fréquentes (6)

Non, «الذي» est strictement masculin. Pour une fille ou tout nom féminin, tu dois utiliser «التي». Par exemple : «البنت التي».
Utiliser des pronoms relatifs avec des noms indéfinis. Par exemple, dire 'rajul al-ladhi' (un homme qui) au lieu de 'al-rajul al-ladhi' (l'homme qui) : «الرجل الذي».
Ça veut dire 'qui' ou 'que' (ou 'that' en anglais) quand on parle d'un nom masculin singulier. C'est comme un petit mot pour relier des idées. Par exemple : «الرجل الذي.»
La grammaire arabe dit que les pronoms relatifs sont seulement pour les noms définis (avec 'الـ'). Pour les noms indéfinis, la connexion est juste sous-entendue sans mot. Par exemple : «ولد أعرفه.»
C'est un mot comme 'qui', 'que' ou 'dont' qui connecte un nom à plus d'informations à son sujet. En arabe, ce sont 'الذي' et 'التي'. Par exemple : «الرجل الذي يساعدني» (L'homme qui m'aide).
Oui ! Contrairement au français où 'qui' est pour les personnes et 'que' pour les choses, en arabe, on utilise le même mot pour les deux, juste selon le genre. «الرجل الذي» et «الكتاب الذي» sont corrects.