Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of focusing on the action itself by learning to hide the doer in Arabic.
- Identify the passive voice in Arabic news and speech.
- Apply the U-I-A vowel pattern to past tense verbs.
- Construct present tense passive sentences using the Yu- ... -a- pattern.
学べること
Ready for a cool trick in Arabic? This chapter is all about shifting your focus from *who* did an action to *what* happened! You're going to master the passive voice, called Al-Majhul in Arabic, which lets you describe events when the doer is either unknown, unimportant, or you just don't want to mention them.
Imagine you're walking past a construction site and want to say,
The building *is being constructed*.Or you hear some news and want to report,
The decision *was made*,without knowing or caring who made it. This skill is gold for understanding everyday conversations, news, and even casual reports where the action itself is the star! Here's the cool part: Arabic makes this super intuitive! You'll learn specific, simple vowel pattern changes – like a secret code – that transform active verbs into passive ones. We'll start with past actions, where you'll see how changing vowels to a
u-i sound (like turning 'fa'ala' into 'fu'ila') instantly makes the verb passive. Then we'll move to present actions, where a «yu-...-a-» pattern works its magic. Don't worry about complex grammar terms; it's all about recognizing and applying these easy-to-learn sound melodies. Even for longer, derived verbs, you'll discover simple tricks to shift the focus.
By the end of this chapter, you won't just understand passive sentences; you'll be able to confidently form your own! You'll sound more natural, understand more news and conversations, and feel like a true Arabic speaker. This isn't just a grammar lesson; it's a superpower for expressing yourself more flexibly. You've got this!
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犯人を隠すテクニック：受動態（Majhul）行動の「目的語」に注目して「動作者」を隠したいときは、動詞の母音を過去形なら
u-i、現在形ならu-aに変えましょう！ -
受動態：行為者を隠す（Majhul）主語を隠して、行動に焦点を当てたい時は、過去形なら母音を
u-iに、現在形ならu-aに変えるだけ！ -
アラビア語の受動態：「〜された」(Al-Mabni lil-Majhul)アラビア語の受動態「Al-Majhul」は、母音を少し変えるだけで「誰が」やったかではなく、「何が起こったか」を伝える魔法の言葉！「動詞の変化」と「対象が主役」になるのがポイントです。
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過去受動態：「それは～された」のパターン (U-I-A)動詞を過去の受動態にするには、「U-I-A」という音のパターンを使います。「fa'ala」を「fu'ila」に変えるんですよ。
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アラビア語の受動態（現在形）：Yu-と-a-のパターンアラビア語の動詞を受動態（現在形）にするには、魔法のツールが2つあるよ！動詞の始まりを「u」の音にして、最後から2番目の母音を「a」の音にするんだ。
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派生動詞の受動態 (第2形〜第10形)アラビア語の派生動詞の受動態は、誰がやったか（行為者）ではなく「アクション」そのものに注目するために、動詞の母音を「ウ」の音（
ustart）に変えます。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Transform a simple active sentence into a passive one using correct vowel patterns.
チャプターガイド
Overview
the built for the unknown.This powerful grammatical tool allows you to shift the focus of your sentences from *who* performed an action to *what* happened, making your Arabic sound more natural and sophisticated. Mastering the Arabic passive voice is crucial for understanding everyday conversations, news headlines, and formal reports, where the doer of an action might be unknown, unimportant, or deliberately left unmentioned.
The door was openedwithout knowing or caring who opened it. Or perhaps you're reporting
The decision was made– the action itself is the star! This skill is a game-changer for your comprehension and expression in A1 Arabic.
How This Grammar Works
deputy of the doer.This new subject will always be in the nominative case (ending in a dhamma or equivalent).
The Art of Hiding the Doer: Passive Voice (Majhul)into its key patterns.
It was done Pattern (U-I-A). This involves a simple vowel change for most three-letter (Form I) verbs:- 1The first letter takes a dhamma (u-sound).
- 2The second-to-last letter takes a kasra (i-sound).
- 3The last letter retains its original vowel (usually a fatha for past tense).
Active: كَتَبَ (kataba - he wrote)
Passive: كُتِبَ (kutiba - it was written)
Sentence: كُتِبَ الدَّرْسُ (kutiba ad-darsu - The lesson was written). Here, الدَّرْسُ (ad-darsu) is the Na'ib al-Fa'il.
- 1The prefix (like يَ- or تَ-) takes a dhamma (u-sound).
- 2The second-to-last letter takes a fatha (a-sound).
- 3The last letter retains its original vowel (usually a dhamma for present tense).
Active: يَكتُبُ (yaktubu - he writes)
Passive: يُكتَبُ (yuktabu - it is written)
Sentence: يُكتَبُ الدَّرْسُ الآنَ (yuktabu ad-darsu al-'aana - The lesson is being written now).
derived verbs (Forms II-X), the principle remains similar, forming the Passive of Derived Arabic Verbs (Forms II-X). Generally, past passive forms will incorporate more 'u' and 'i' sounds, while present passive forms will have a 'u' prefix and an 'a' sound before the last consonant. For instance, from عَلَّمَ (ʿallama - he taught, Form II), the passive past is عُلِّمَ (ʿullima - he was taught), and the passive present is يُعَلَّمُ (yuʿallamu - he is taught).
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: كَتَبَ الدَّرْسُ (kataba ad-darsu) (He wrote the lesson.) - *Intended: The lesson was written.*
- 1✗ Wrong: يُكتِبُ الرِّسَالَةُ (yukribu ar-risalatu) (The letter is written.) - *Incorrect vowel on the second-to-last letter.*
- 1✗ Wrong: فُتِحَ البَابَ (futiha al-baaba) (The door was opened.) - *Incorrect case for the Na'ib al-Fa'il.*
Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
What is the main difference between active and passive voice in A1 Arabic grammar?
The main difference is the focus. Active voice emphasizes the *doer* of the action (e.g.,
Ahmed wrote the letter). Passive voice, or Al-Majhul, emphasizes the *action itself* and its recipient, often omitting or downplaying the doer (e.g.,
The letter was written).
Do all Arabic verbs have a passive form?
Most transitive verbs (verbs that take a direct object) can be made passive. Intransitive verbs (verbs that don't take a direct object, like he slept) generally do not have a passive form, as there's no object to become the Na'ib al-Fa'il.
How do I know when to use the passive voice in Arabic?
You should use the passive voice Arabic when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or you want to deliberately hide their identity. It's very common in news reports, formal announcements, and when discussing general truths where the actor is irrelevant.
What happens to the direct object in a passive sentence?
In a passive sentence, the original direct object of the active sentence becomes the new subject, called the نائب الفاعل (Na'ib al-Fa'il). It takes the nominative case (marked by a dhamma or equivalent) and dictates the gender and number agreement for the passive verb.
Cultural Context
重要な例文 (8)
ヒントとコツ (4)
「ウ」の音で始まる
「誰によって」の落とし穴
「ウ」の法則
「生まれた」は特別！
重要な語彙 (5)
Real-World Preview
At the Construction Site
Review Summary
- Fu'ila (u-i-a)
- Yu- ... -a-
よくある間違い
Students often forget to change the vowels, keeping the active voice. Remember to shift to the U-I-A pattern.
Ensure the first letter has a 'u' sound (Yu) and the middle has an 'a' sound.
Sometimes learners overthink derived verbs. Stick to the simple vowel shift rules taught.
このチャプターのルール (6)
Next Steps
You have mastered a key Arabic secret! Keep practicing those vowel melodies and you'll sound like a native in no time.
Listen to a news clip and identify one passive verb.
クイック練習 (10)
The door ___ (was opened) yesterday. (Root: F-T-H)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 犯人を隠すテクニック：受動態（Majhul）
Which word means 'It is eaten'?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: アラビア語の受動態（現在形）：Yu-と-a-のパターン
____ الدَّرْسُ. （授業が書かれました。）
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: アラビア語の受動態：「〜された」(Al-Mabni lil-Majhul)
Kutiba ad-darsu min qibal al-ustādh. (The lesson was written by the teacher).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 犯人を隠すテクニック：受動態（Majhul）
Find and fix the mistake:
دَرَّسَ العَرَبِيَّةُ (Darrasa al-arabiyya) - The Arabic language was taught.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 派生動詞の受動態 (第2形〜第10形)
Choose the correct Present Passive form:
yu-shra-bu) を使います。 Yashrabu は能動態の「彼が飲む」です。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 受動態：行為者を隠す（Majhul）
「ドアが開けられています」の正しい受動態の文を選びましょう。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: アラビア語の受動態：「〜された」(Al-Mabni lil-Majhul)
___ Al-mahfaza (財布)。(語根: s-r-q)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去受動態：「それは～された」のパターン (U-I-A)
Find and fix the mistake:
Al-risāla yursalu (الرِسَالة يُرسَلُ).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: アラビア語の受動態（現在形）：Yu-と-a-のパターン
كُتِبَ الرِّسالَةُ. （手紙が書かれました。）
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: アラビア語の受動態：「〜された」(Al-Mabni lil-Majhul)
Score: /10
よくある質問 (6)
Kutiba al-darsu です（darsaではありません）。Al-Mabni li-l-Majhul は文字通り「未知のための構造」と訳され、行為者が謎だからです。
