تغییر ریشه فعل آلمانی: e به ie (sehen, lesen)
du و er/sie/es حرف e توی ریشه رو به ie تغییر میدن.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Some German verbs change their 'e' to 'ie' in the second and third person singular.
- Find the stem: 'sehen' becomes 'seh-'.
- Change 'e' to 'ie' only for 'du' and 'er/sie/es'.
- Keep the regular endings: 'du siehst', 'er sieht'.
مرور کلی
sehen hal mikoni va fekr mikoni hame chi rube-rah-e, ke yeho vaghti dari dar mored-e behtarin dustet ya serial-e mored-e alaghe-t too Netflix harf mizani, e tabdil mishe be ie. In faghat ye ghalat-e emlaee ya ye bug too matrix-e zaban-e Almani nist.e ro be i tabdil mikonan (mesle geben ke mishe gibt) ashna shodi, inha ro pesarkhale-haye kami drama-baztar-eshun bedun. Oona faghat taghir nemikonan; oona oon seda-ye mosavvet ro kesh midan.lesen (khandan) va sehen (didan) harf mizanim, pas master kardan-e in ghaziye dar vaghe belit-e to vase fahmidan-e chizhayie ke too feed-e TikTok-e Almanit migzare.این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
ghavi ye kam ego daran (khod-pasandan).e be ie, mosavvet-e rishe-ye fe'l az ye e kootah ya boland tabdil mishe be ye seda-ye ie keshide. Noktesh chie? In faghat too second person singular (du) va third person singular (er, sie, es) etefagh miofte.ich) ya ye gorooh (wir, sie jam') harf mizani, fe'l too form-e Clark Kent khodesh ba hamoon e asli baghi mimune.native be nazar biai ijad mikone. Age begi du sehst, mardom mifahman chi migi, vali midunan ke hanooz taze-kari. Begi du siehst, va yeho toii ke dari dastan-e serial-e *How to Sell Drugs Online (Fast)* ro vase ham-otaghihat ta'rif mikoni.الگوی ساخت
lesen, va -en ro ghatch kon. Rishe-ye to les- hast.
du, er, sie, ya es hast? Age are, boro soragh-e avaz kardan-e mosavvet. Age ich, wir, ihr, ya sie/Sie hast, e ro nega dar.
e ro be ie tabdil kon. Pas les- mishe lies-.
-st vase du, -t vase er/sie/es).
sehen (didan) be onvan-e bazigar-e aslimun negah konim:
ich sehe (Bedoon-e taghir, pasvand-e estandard-e -e)
du siehst (Taghir! e mishe ie, be alave-ye -st)
er/sie/es sieht (Taghir! e mishe ie, be alave-ye -t)
wir sehen (Bedoon-e taghir, bargasht be tanzimat-e paye)
ihr seht (Sabr kon! Inja hich taghiri nist! In ye tale-ye rayej-e!)
sie/Sie sehen (Bedoon-e taghir)
ihr (shoma jam') taghir NEMIKONE. Mosavvet-e asli-ye rishe ro hefz mikone. In yeki az oon lahze-haye klasik-e moch-giri too emtahanat-e Almani hast, pas havaset behesh bashe. Engar fe'l ba'd az taghir vase du va er khaste mishe va tasmim migire vase ihr ye esterahati bokone.
کی استفاده کنیم
sehen va lesen mishe, daem bahashun sar-o-kar dari.- Social Media: Vaghti dari be kasi migi
Du siehst auf diesem Foto toll aus!(To too in aks ali be nazar miay!). - Daily Habits: Harf zadan dar mored-e chizi ke kasi mikhune:
Er liest jeden Morgen die Nachrichten(Oon har sobh akhbar mikhune). - Giving Recommendations: Age ye dust-e komak-hal hasti:
Sie empfiehlt diesen Film(Oon in film ro pishnehad mikone). - Reporting Crimes (Omidvarim ke ziad pish nayad):
Er stiehlt mein das Handy!(Oon dare gushi-e mano midzde!).
du ya er/sie/es mishe tosif mikoni, in ghanoon sadeghe. In noon-o-panir-e (joz-e layanfak-e) mokaleme-ye Almanie. Age dari be ye dustet dar mored-e ye barname ke har do darid negah mikonid payam midi, be in niaz dari.Wait, siehst du das auch? (Sabr kon, to ham dari ino mibini?). In tafavot-e beyn-e inke mesle ye ketab-e darsi-e sale 1985 be nazar biai ya kasi ke vaghean too Berlin-e sale 2026 zendegi mikone.اشتباهات رایج
rafigh-haye mofrad (du va er/sie/es) hast.- The
ihrTrap: Kheili-ha mikhan beganihr liest. Ghalat! Dorosteshihr lesthast.ihroon khahar/baradar-e bahalie ke dust nadare taghir kone. - Overgeneralizing: Har fe'li ke
edare taghir nemikone. Nemitooni haminjuri rah bioftigehenro begiehttabdil koni. Oon ye faje'e-ye zabani mishe. Faghat fe'lhaye khasi meslesehen,lesen,empfehlen, vabefehlentoo in club hastan. - The Spelling Bee: Faramoosh kardan-e
etooieva neveshtan-eibe tanhayi. Age benevisidu sist, dari ba taghir-eebei(meslehelfen->hilfst) ghatish mikoni. In fe'lha niaz be ooneezafe daran ta seda-ye mosavvet ro boland va shik nega daran. - Mixing with the Imperative: Vaghti dari dastur midi, taghir ma'mulan baghi mimune (masalan,
Lies das!), ama mardom aghlab yadeshoon mire vaghti faghat daran ye jomle-ye khabari migan az form-e taghir-yafte estefade konan. Halat-haye (moods) zabani ro dorost nega dar!
مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
e be i ghati koni. Fe'lhaye mesle geben (dadan) ya sprechen (sohbat kardan) be gibt va spricht tabdil mishan. Tafavot too tul-e seda hast. e be i ma'mulan ye seda-ye kootah va zarbe-dare. e be ie ye seda-ye boland va keshide-ye ii hast.a be ä ro darim (mesle fahren -> fährt). Ba inke mekanism hamune (faghat too du va er/sie/es taghir mikone), mosavvet-ha moshakhasan motafavet hastan.geben->er gibt(Kootah & sari)lesen->er liest(Boland & narrm)
ie mesle ee too bee (zanbur) seda mide, dar hali ke taghir-e i mesle i too bit (zarreh) hast. In ye taghir-e hess-e (vibe) zarife, vali goosh-e Almani-e to belakhare yadush migire.gehen ya stehen be kar bebari—oona fe'lhaye "za'if" (weak) hastan ke lebass mobaddal pushidan (ya shayad ham kheili lajbazan) va hichvaght mosavvet-eshun ro too zaman-e hal avaz nemikonan.سؤالات رایج
Does this happen in the past tense too?
In ghanoon-e khas-e e be ie faghat male zaman-e hal hast. Fe'lhaye ghavi too gozashte ham taghir mikonan, vali oona olguhaye motafaveti hastan ke ba'dan yad migiri. Lotfan yek stress dar har lahze!
How many verbs do this?
Ziad nistan! Asli-hash sehen, lesen, empfehlen, geschehen, va stehlen hastan. In ye gorooh-e koochik va elite hast.
Is it du liest or du liestst?
Hamoon du liest. Chon rishe-ye lies- khodesh be s khatm mishe, niaz be ye s ezafe ghabl az t nadari. Karamad-e Almani dobare gol mikare!
Why does sehen change but gehen doesn't?
Zaban ajib-o-gharibe. sehen ye fe'l-e strong hast, dar hali ke gehen az ghavanin-e dige-i peyravi mikone. Be sehen mesle yaghi negah kon va gehen mesle kasi ke az ghavanin peyravi mikone... albate bishtar-e vaght-ha.
Can I just ignore this and use the regular forms?
*Mitooni*, vali mesle ye robot ba batri-e za'if be nazar miai. Estefade az form-haye dorost باعث (ba'es) mishe kheili tabiee-tar va ba-etemad-be-nafs-tar be nazar biai.
Conjugation of 'sehen' (to see)
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Note |
|---|---|---|
|
ich
|
sehe
|
-
|
|
du
|
siehst
|
Change!
|
|
er/sie/es
|
sieht
|
Change!
|
|
wir
|
sehen
|
-
|
|
ihr
|
seht
|
-
|
|
sie/Sie
|
sehen
|
-
|
Meanings
This rule describes a specific group of strong verbs where the stem vowel 'e' shifts to 'ie' in the singular forms (2nd and 3rd person).
Present Tense Alternation
The vowel shift occurring in the present tense for singular subjects.
“Du liest ein Buch.”
“Er sieht den Hund.”
Reference Table
| فعل | من (ich) | تو (du) (تغییر!) | او (er/sie/es) (تغییر!) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
lesen (خواندن)
|
lese
|
liest
|
liest
|
|
sehen (دیدن)
|
sehe
|
siehst
|
sieht
|
|
empfehlen (پیشنهاد دادن)
|
empfehle
|
empfiehlst
|
empfiehlt
|
|
stehlen (دزدیدن)
|
stehle
|
stiehlst
|
stiehlt
|
|
geschehen (اتفاق افتادن)
|
---
|
---
|
geschieht
|
|
befehlen (فرمان دادن)
|
befehle
|
befiehlst
|
befiehlt
|
طیف رسمیت
Sehen Sie das Buch? (Asking about an object)
Siehst du das Buch? (Asking about an object)
Siehst du das Buch? (Asking about an object)
Siehst das Buch? (Asking about an object)
افعال با تغییر e → ie
فعلهای اصلی
- lesen to read
- sehen to see
فعلهای پیشرفتهتر
- empfehlen to recommend
- stehlen to steal
کی واکه رو تغییر بدیم؟
درخت تصمیم تغییر ie
آیا فعل توی لیست VIP هست (lesen, sehen و غیره)؟
آیا فاعل du یا er/sie/es هست؟
موقعیتهای استفاده از افعال ie-دار
رسانه
- • TikTok sehen
- • Blogs lesen
- • Netflix sieht
زندگی روزمره
- • Speisekarte lesen
- • Freunde sehen
- • Pizza empfehlen
مثالها بر اساس سطح
Du liest ein Buch.
You are reading a book.
Er sieht den Film.
He sees the movie.
Sie liest die E-Mail.
She reads the email.
Siehst du das?
Do you see that?
Warum liest du das nicht?
Why are you not reading that?
Er sieht heute nicht fern.
He is not watching TV today.
Liest sie die Zeitung?
Is she reading the newspaper?
Du siehst heute müde aus.
You look tired today.
Er empfiehlt mir diesen Film.
He recommends this movie to me.
Liest du den Artikel zu Ende?
Are you reading the article to the end?
Sie sieht sich das Museum an.
She is looking at the museum.
Du liest immer so schnell.
You always read so fast.
Er sieht die Situation ganz anders.
He sees the situation quite differently.
Liest du eigentlich die AGB?
Do you actually read the terms and conditions?
Sie empfiehlt uns, früher zu gehen.
She recommends that we leave earlier.
Du siehst das Problem nicht.
You don't see the problem.
Er liest aus seinem neuen Buch vor.
He is reading aloud from his new book.
Sie sieht in dieser Entscheidung eine Chance.
She sees an opportunity in this decision.
Liest du zwischen den Zeilen?
Are you reading between the lines?
Er empfiehlt eine gründliche Analyse.
He recommends a thorough analysis.
Man liest in seinem Gesicht die Anspannung.
One reads the tension in his face.
Sie sieht sich als Vorreiterin des Projekts.
She sees herself as a pioneer of the project.
Liest du die Zeichen der Zeit?
Are you reading the signs of the times?
Er empfiehlt die Lektüre dieses Klassikers.
He recommends the reading of this classic.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners mix up 'ie' and 'i' changes.
Learners apply the change to all verbs.
Applying the change to 'wir' or 'sie'.
اشتباهات رایج
Du lesst
Du liest
Er seht
Er sieht
Ich ließe
Ich lese
Wir siehen
Wir sehen
Du gebst
Du gibst
Sie liestet
Sie liest
Er siehtet
Er sieht
Er empfiehltet
Er empfiehlt
Du stehlst
Du stiehlst
Sie sehen
Sie sieht
Er siehet
Er sieht
Du liest
Du liest
Er sieht
Er sieht
الگوهای جملهسازی
Was ___ du gerade?
Er ___ den Film nicht.
___ du das Buch?
Sie ___ mir diesen Film.
Real World Usage
Siehst du das?
Liest du das?
Er empfiehlt...
Was empfiehlst du?
Siehst du den Bahnhof?
Das Restaurant empfiehlt...
مراقب ihr باش!
ihr sehtقانون 'ای' کشیده
siehtاصطلاحات چت
Du liestSmart Tips
Check if the infinitive has a long 'e'.
Always double-check the 2nd/3rd person singular.
Focus on the vowel sound.
Check if they are strong or weak.
تلفظ
Long Vowel
The 'ie' is pronounced as a long 'ee' sound.
Question
Siehst du? ↑
Rising intonation for yes/no questions.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
When the person is singular (du, er, sie, es), the 'e' gets a little 'i' friend to become 'ie'.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a letter 'e' standing alone, then a tiny letter 'i' runs up to hug it, creating 'ie' whenever 'du' or 'er/sie/es' walks into the room.
Rhyme
For du and he, the e becomes ie; for all the rest, it's plain to see.
Story
Leo the Letter E was very happy. But whenever Du or Er came to visit, he felt lonely. So he invited his friend I to join him. Now, whenever Du or Er arrives, Leo becomes 'ie' to feel stronger.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Write 5 sentences using 'du' and 'er' with 'sehen' and 'lesen' in the next 5 minutes.
نکات فرهنگی
Reading is highly valued; 'lesen' is used in many professional contexts.
Similar usage, but 'sehen' is often used in social contexts.
Standard German is used for writing, so this rule is strictly followed.
These verbs are remnants of the Proto-Germanic strong verb classes.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Was liest du gerade?
Siehst du den Film heute?
Was empfiehlst du in Berlin?
Siehst du das auch so?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
Was ___ du da gerade?
Choose the grammatically correct sentence:
Find and fix the mistake:
Ihr liest ein Buch.
Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesDu ___ ein Buch.
Er ___ den Film.
Find and fix the mistake:
Du sehst das.
Ich lese.
Does 'ich' change to 'ie'?
A: Was ___ du? B: Ich lese.
er / sehen / den / Film
Which change?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesWer ___ mich am Freitag?
She recommends the pizza.
liest / die / Er / Nachrichten / morgens
Match the pairs:
Du sehst den Lehrer.
Was ___ am Wochenende?
Er ___ mein Geld!
Do you see the house?
Wir ___ den Text.
Was ___ du mir?
Score: /10
سوالات متداول (8)
It's a historical strong verb pattern.
No, this is for present tense.
No, 'ich' remains 'sehe'.
Yes, very common.
A small, important group.
Yes, it is standard German.
No, that's a different group.
Use them in sentences.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Verbos irregulares
Spanish changes 'e' to 'ie' or 'i', German specifically uses 'ie' for long vowels.
Verbes irréguliers
French doesn't have the same internal vowel shift pattern.
Starke Verben
It is the source of the rule.
Fukisoku doushi
Japanese does not use vowel shifts for conjugation.
Af'al mu'talla
Arabic changes are based on root consonants, not vowels.
Bu guize dongci
Chinese verbs do not change form.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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