A2 Verb Tenses 8 min read آسان

تغییر ریشه فعل آلمانی: e به ie (sehen, lesen)

توی زمان حال، بعضی فعل‌های قوی برای du و er/sie/es حرف e توی ریشه رو به ie تغییر میدن.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Some German verbs change their 'e' to 'ie' in the second and third person singular.

  • Find the stem: 'sehen' becomes 'seh-'.
  • Change 'e' to 'ie' only for 'du' and 'er/sie/es'.
  • Keep the regular endings: 'du siehst', 'er sieht'.
Stem(e->ie) + du/er/sie/es + ending

مرور کلی

Ta hala deghat kardi ke baazi az fe'lhaye Almani engar vase khodeshun ye sazo avayi daran? Dari ba ye fe'l mesle sehen hal mikoni va fekr mikoni hame chi rube-rah-e, ke yeho vaghti dari dar mored-e behtarin dustet ya serial-e mored-e alaghe-t too Netflix harf mizani, e tabdil mishe be ie. In faghat ye ghalat-e emlaee ya ye bug too matrix-e zaban-e Almani nist.
In ye goru-e khas az fe'lhaye ghaviye (strong verbs) ke tasmim gereftan too zaman-e hal (present tense) ye kami hayajan be kar bedan. Age ghablan ba oonayi ke e ro be i tabdil mikonan (mesle geben ke mishe gibt) ashna shodi, inha ro pesarkhale-haye kami drama-baztar-eshun bedun. Oona faghat taghir nemikonan; oona oon seda-ye mosavvet ro kesh midan.
Chera in karo mikonan? Rastesh, Almani asheghe ine ke vase oon ravani-e zaban be zahmat bendazatet, vali vaghti olgu ro peyda kardi, engar ramz-e serial-e *Dark* ro kashf kardi—hame chi ba ham joor darmiad. Ma darim dar mored-e zaruriyat-e ruzmare mesle lesen (khandan) va sehen (didan) harf mizanim, pas master kardan-e in ghaziye dar vaghe belit-e to vase fahmidan-e chizhayie ke too feed-e TikTok-e Almanit migzare.
Negaran nabash, in vase hame-ye fe'lha nist, faghat ye club-e VIP-e mahdood ke emruz mikhayim berim tushesh.

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

Too zaban-e Almani, bishtar-e fe'lha ghabel-e pish-bini hastan. Rishe ro barmidari, pasvand ro ezafe mikoni, va miri ye der Kaffee migiri. Ama fe'lhaye ghavi ye kam ego daran (khod-pasandan).
Vase taghir-e e be ie, mosavvet-e rishe-ye fe'l az ye e kootah ya boland tabdil mishe be ye seda-ye ie keshide. Noktesh chie? In faghat too second person singular (du) va third person singular (er, sie, es) etefagh miofte.
Baghiye ja-ha, fe'l mesle ye shahrvand-e ghanoon-madar va adi raftar mikone. Behesh mesle ye taghir-e shekl-e abar-ghahramani negah kon ke faghat vaghti etefagh miofte ke dari *mostaghiman be* kasi ya *dar mored-e* kasi dige harf mizani. Age dari dar mored-e khodet (ich) ya ye gorooh (wir, sie jam') harf mizani, fe'l too form-e Clark Kent khodesh ba hamoon e asli baghi mimune.
In ye taghir-e koochike, vali tafavot-e bozorgi too inke cheghadr native be nazar biai ijad mikone. Age begi du sehst, mardom mifahman chi migi, vali midunan ke hanooz taze-kari. Begi du siehst, va yeho toii ke dari dastan-e serial-e *How to Sell Drugs Online (Fast)* ro vase ham-otaghihat ta'rif mikoni.

الگوی ساخت

1
Sakhtan-e in form-ha ye parose-ye se marhale-i hast ke belakhare tuye khab ham anjameshun midi (ehtemalan vaghti dari dar mored-e die Grammatik khab mibini). Inam ravesh-e sakhtaneshun:
2
Identify the Stem: Masdar (infinitive) ro begir, mesle lesen, va -en ro ghatch kon. Rishe-ye to les- hast.
3
Check the Subject: Aya du, er, sie, ya es hast? Age are, boro soragh-e avaz kardan-e mosavvet. Age ich, wir, ihr, ya sie/Sie hast, e ro nega dar.
4
Perform the Swap: Oon e ro be ie tabdil kon. Pas les- mishe lies-.
5
Add the Ending: Pasvandhaye estandard-e zaman-e hal ro ezafe kon (-st vase du, -t vase er/sie/es).
6
Bia be sehen (didan) be onvan-e bazigar-e aslimun negah konim:
7
ich sehe (Bedoon-e taghir, pasvand-e estandard-e -e)
8
du siehst (Taghir! e mishe ie, be alave-ye -st)
9
er/sie/es sieht (Taghir! e mishe ie, be alave-ye -t)
10
wir sehen (Bedoon-e taghir, bargasht be tanzimat-e paye)
11
ihr seht (Sabr kon! Inja hich taghiri nist! In ye tale-ye rayej-e!)
12
sie/Sie sehen (Bedoon-e taghir)
13
Deghat kon ke ihr (shoma jam') taghir NEMIKONE. Mosavvet-e asli-ye rishe ro hefz mikone. In yeki az oon lahze-haye klasik-e moch-giri too emtahanat-e Almani hast, pas havaset behesh bashe. Engar fe'l ba'd az taghir vase du va er khaste mishe va tasmim migire vase ihr ye esterahati bokone.

کی استفاده کنیم

Har vaght dari az in fe'lhaye khas too zaman-e hal estefade mikoni, bayad az in taghir estefade koni. Az oonja ke in list shamel-e fe'lhaye gharder-ghodrati mesle sehen va lesen mishe, daem bahashun sar-o-kar dari.
  • Social Media: Vaghti dari be kasi migi Du siehst auf diesem Foto toll aus! (To too in aks ali be nazar miay!).
  • Daily Habits: Harf zadan dar mored-e chizi ke kasi mikhune: Er liest jeden Morgen die Nachrichten (Oon har sobh akhbar mikhune).
  • Giving Recommendations: Age ye dust-e komak-hal hasti: Sie empfiehlt diesen Film (Oon in film ro pishnehad mikone).
  • Reporting Crimes (Omidvarim ke ziad pish nayad): Er stiehlt mein das Handy! (Oon dare gushi-e mano midzde!).
Asosan, har vaght dari ye amali ro ke alan dare etefagh miofte ya ye haghighat-e kolli ro ke shamel-e du ya er/sie/es mishe tosif mikoni, in ghanoon sadeghe. In noon-o-panir-e (joz-e layanfak-e) mokaleme-ye Almanie. Age dari be ye dustet dar mored-e ye barname ke har do darid negah mikonid payam midi, be in niaz dari.
Wait, siehst du das auch?
(Sabr kon, to ham dari ino mibini?). In tafavot-e beyn-e inke mesle ye ketab-e darsi-e sale 1985 be nazar biai ya kasi ke vaghean too Berlin-e sale 2026 zendegi mikone.

اشتباهات رایج

Bozorgtarin tale, estefade az in taghir vase form-haye bish az had hast. Yadet bashe: in faghat vase rafigh-haye mofrad (du va er/sie/es) hast.
  • The ihr Trap: Kheili-ha mikhan began ihr liest. Ghalat! Dorostesh ihr lest hast. ihr oon khahar/baradar-e bahalie ke dust nadare taghir kone.
  • Overgeneralizing: Har fe'li ke e dare taghir nemikone. Nemitooni haminjuri rah biofti gehen ro be gieht tabdil koni. Oon ye faje'e-ye zabani mishe. Faghat fe'lhaye khasi mesle sehen, lesen, empfehlen, va befehlen too in club hastan.
  • The Spelling Bee: Faramoosh kardan-e e too ie va neveshtan-e i be tanhayi. Age benevisi du sist, dari ba taghir-e e be i (mesle helfen -> hilfst) ghatish mikoni. In fe'lha niaz be oon e ezafe daran ta seda-ye mosavvet ro boland va shik nega daran.
  • Mixing with the Imperative: Vaghti dari dastur midi, taghir ma'mulan baghi mimune (masalan, Lies das!), ama mardom aghlab yadeshoon mire vaghti faghat daran ye jomle-ye khabari migan az form-e taghir-yafte estefade konan. Halat-haye (moods) zabani ro dorost nega dar!

مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه

Kheili asune ke ino ba taghir-e e be i ghati koni. Fe'lhaye mesle geben (dadan) ya sprechen (sohbat kardan) be gibt va spricht tabdil mishan. Tafavot too tul-e seda hast. e be i ma'mulan ye seda-ye kootah va zarbe-dare. e be ie ye seda-ye boland va keshide-ye ii hast.
Ba'd taghir-e a be ä ro darim (mesle fahren -> fährt). Ba inke mekanism hamune (faghat too du va er/sie/es taghir mikone), mosavvet-ha moshakhasan motafavet hastan.
Injuuri behesh fekr kon:
  • geben -> er gibt (Kootah & sari)
  • lesen -> er liest (Boland & narrm)
Age shak dashti, say kon be ye native speaker ya ye seda-ye hush-e masnu'i-e ba keyfiyat goosh bedi. Taghir-e ie mesle ee too bee (zanbur) seda mide, dar hali ke taghir-e i mesle i too bit (zarreh) hast. In ye taghir-e hess-e (vibe) zarife, vali goosh-e Almani-e to belakhare yadush migire.
Faghat say nakon ino vase gehen ya stehen be kar bebari—oona fe'lhaye "za'if" (weak) hastan ke lebass mobaddal pushidan (ya shayad ham kheili lajbazan) va hichvaght mosavvet-eshun ro too zaman-e hal avaz nemikonan.

سؤالات رایج

Q

Does this happen in the past tense too?

In ghanoon-e khas-e e be ie faghat male zaman-e hal hast. Fe'lhaye ghavi too gozashte ham taghir mikonan, vali oona olguhaye motafaveti hastan ke ba'dan yad migiri. Lotfan yek stress dar har lahze!

Q

How many verbs do this?

Ziad nistan! Asli-hash sehen, lesen, empfehlen, geschehen, va stehlen hastan. In ye gorooh-e koochik va elite hast.

Q

Is it du liest or du liestst?

Hamoon du liest. Chon rishe-ye lies- khodesh be s khatm mishe, niaz be ye s ezafe ghabl az t nadari. Karamad-e Almani dobare gol mikare!

Q

Why does sehen change but gehen doesn't?

Zaban ajib-o-gharibe. sehen ye fe'l-e strong hast, dar hali ke gehen az ghavanin-e dige-i peyravi mikone. Be sehen mesle yaghi negah kon va gehen mesle kasi ke az ghavanin peyravi mikone... albate bishtar-e vaght-ha.

Q

Can I just ignore this and use the regular forms?

*Mitooni*, vali mesle ye robot ba batri-e za'if be nazar miai. Estefade az form-haye dorost باعث (ba'es) mishe kheili tabiee-tar va ba-etemad-be-nafs-tar be nazar biai.

Conjugation of 'sehen' (to see)

Pronoun Conjugation Note
ich
sehe
-
du
siehst
Change!
er/sie/es
sieht
Change!
wir
sehen
-
ihr
seht
-
sie/Sie
sehen
-

Meanings

This rule describes a specific group of strong verbs where the stem vowel 'e' shifts to 'ie' in the singular forms (2nd and 3rd person).

1

Present Tense Alternation

The vowel shift occurring in the present tense for singular subjects.

“Du liest ein Buch.”

“Er sieht den Hund.”

Reference Table

Reference table for تغییر ریشه فعل آلمانی: e به ie (sehen, lesen)
فعل من (ich) تو (du) (تغییر!) او (er/sie/es) (تغییر!)
lesen (خواندن)
lese
liest
liest
sehen (دیدن)
sehe
siehst
sieht
empfehlen (پیشنهاد دادن)
empfehle
empfiehlst
empfiehlt
stehlen (دزدیدن)
stehle
stiehlst
stiehlt
geschehen (اتفاق افتادن)
---
---
geschieht
befehlen (فرمان دادن)
befehle
befiehlst
befiehlt

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Sehen Sie das Buch?

Sehen Sie das Buch? (Asking about an object)

خنثی
Siehst du das Buch?

Siehst du das Buch? (Asking about an object)

غیر رسمی
Siehst du das Buch?

Siehst du das Buch? (Asking about an object)

عامیانه
Siehst das Buch?

Siehst das Buch? (Asking about an object)

افعال با تغییر e → ie

تغییر ریشه e → ie

فعل‌های اصلی

  • lesen to read
  • sehen to see

فعل‌های پیشرفته‌تر

  • empfehlen to recommend
  • stehlen to steal

کی واکه رو تغییر بدیم؟

تغییر (du, er/sie/es)
du liest تو می‌خوانی
er sieht او می‌بیند
بدون تغییر (ich, wir, ihr, sie)
ich lese من می‌خوانم
ihr seht شماها می‌بینید

درخت تصمیم تغییر ie

1

آیا فعل توی لیست VIP هست (lesen, sehen و غیره)؟

YES
برو مرحله بعد
NO
بدون تغییر (فعل عادی)
2

آیا فاعل du یا er/sie/es هست؟

YES
e رو به ie تغییر بده!
NO ↓

موقعیت‌های استفاده از افعال ie-دار

📱

رسانه

  • TikTok sehen
  • Blogs lesen
  • Netflix sieht
🏠

زندگی روزمره

  • Speisekarte lesen
  • Freunde sehen
  • Pizza empfehlen

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Du liest ein Buch.

You are reading a book.

2

Er sieht den Film.

He sees the movie.

3

Sie liest die E-Mail.

She reads the email.

4

Siehst du das?

Do you see that?

1

Warum liest du das nicht?

Why are you not reading that?

2

Er sieht heute nicht fern.

He is not watching TV today.

3

Liest sie die Zeitung?

Is she reading the newspaper?

4

Du siehst heute müde aus.

You look tired today.

1

Er empfiehlt mir diesen Film.

He recommends this movie to me.

2

Liest du den Artikel zu Ende?

Are you reading the article to the end?

3

Sie sieht sich das Museum an.

She is looking at the museum.

4

Du liest immer so schnell.

You always read so fast.

1

Er sieht die Situation ganz anders.

He sees the situation quite differently.

2

Liest du eigentlich die AGB?

Do you actually read the terms and conditions?

3

Sie empfiehlt uns, früher zu gehen.

She recommends that we leave earlier.

4

Du siehst das Problem nicht.

You don't see the problem.

1

Er liest aus seinem neuen Buch vor.

He is reading aloud from his new book.

2

Sie sieht in dieser Entscheidung eine Chance.

She sees an opportunity in this decision.

3

Liest du zwischen den Zeilen?

Are you reading between the lines?

4

Er empfiehlt eine gründliche Analyse.

He recommends a thorough analysis.

1

Man liest in seinem Gesicht die Anspannung.

One reads the tension in his face.

2

Sie sieht sich als Vorreiterin des Projekts.

She sees herself as a pioneer of the project.

3

Liest du die Zeichen der Zeit?

Are you reading the signs of the times?

4

Er empfiehlt die Lektüre dieses Klassikers.

He recommends the reading of this classic.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

German Verb Stem Change: e to ie (sehen, lesen) در مقابل e to i verbs

Learners mix up 'ie' and 'i' changes.

German Verb Stem Change: e to ie (sehen, lesen) در مقابل Regular verbs

Learners apply the change to all verbs.

German Verb Stem Change: e to ie (sehen, lesen) در مقابل Plural forms

Applying the change to 'wir' or 'sie'.

اشتباهات رایج

Du lesst

Du liest

The stem changes to 'ie'.

Er seht

Er sieht

The vowel must change.

Ich ließe

Ich lese

No change for 'ich'.

Wir siehen

Wir sehen

No change for 'wir'.

Du gebst

Du gibst

Confusing e->ie with e->i.

Sie liestet

Sie liest

Adding extra syllables.

Er siehtet

Er sieht

Redundant ending.

Er empfiehltet

Er empfiehlt

Incorrect conjugation.

Du stehlst

Du stiehlst

Missed the vowel change.

Sie sehen

Sie sieht

Wrong pronoun conjugation.

Er siehet

Er sieht

Archaic form usage.

Du liest

Du liest

Correct, but sometimes confused with 'lies'.

Er sieht

Er sieht

Correct, but sometimes confused with 'seht'.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Was ___ du gerade?

Er ___ den Film nicht.

___ du das Buch?

Sie ___ mir diesen Film.

Real World Usage

Social Media constant

Siehst du das?

Texting constant

Liest du das?

Job Interview occasional

Er empfiehlt...

Ordering Food common

Was empfiehlst du?

Travel common

Siehst du den Bahnhof?

Food Apps common

Das Restaurant empfiehlt...

⚠️

مراقب ihr باش!

اگه با چند نفر حرف می‌زنی، حواست باشه! فعل برای 'ihr' (شماها) هیچ وقت تغییر نمی‌کنه. ihr seht
🎯

قانون 'ای' کشیده

هر وقت 'ie' رو دیدی، مثل صدای کشیده 'ای' توی کلمه فارسی 'دیدن' یا 'سیب' بخون. این بهت کمک می‌کنه یادت بمونه 'sehen' میشه 'sieht'. sieht
💬

اصطلاحات چت

حتی توی چت‌های دوستانه هم آلمانی‌ها این تغییر رو رعایت می‌کنن، چون بدون اون خیلی 'اشتباه' به نظر میاد. Du liest

Smart Tips

Check if the infinitive has a long 'e'.

Du lesst Du liest

Always double-check the 2nd/3rd person singular.

Er seht Er sieht

Focus on the vowel sound.

Du sehst Du siehst

Check if they are strong or weak.

Er lernst Er lernt

تلفظ

see-ht

Long Vowel

The 'ie' is pronounced as a long 'ee' sound.

Question

Siehst du? ↑

Rising intonation for yes/no questions.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

When the person is singular (du, er, sie, es), the 'e' gets a little 'i' friend to become 'ie'.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a letter 'e' standing alone, then a tiny letter 'i' runs up to hug it, creating 'ie' whenever 'du' or 'er/sie/es' walks into the room.

Rhyme

For du and he, the e becomes ie; for all the rest, it's plain to see.

Story

Leo the Letter E was very happy. But whenever Du or Er came to visit, he felt lonely. So he invited his friend I to join him. Now, whenever Du or Er arrives, Leo becomes 'ie' to feel stronger.

شبکه واژگان

sehenlesenempfehlengeschehenstehlensehen

چالش

Write 5 sentences using 'du' and 'er' with 'sehen' and 'lesen' in the next 5 minutes.

نکات فرهنگی

Reading is highly valued; 'lesen' is used in many professional contexts.

Similar usage, but 'sehen' is often used in social contexts.

Standard German is used for writing, so this rule is strictly followed.

These verbs are remnants of the Proto-Germanic strong verb classes.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

Was liest du gerade?

Siehst du den Film heute?

Was empfiehlst du in Berlin?

Siehst du das auch so?

موضوعات نگارش

Schreibe über dein Lieblingsbuch.
Beschreibe einen Film, den du siehst.
Empfiehl einem Freund ein Buch.
Wie siehst du die Zukunft?

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

جای خالی را با شکل صحیح فعل 'lesen' پر کنید

Was ___ du da gerade?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: liest
برای 'du'، فعل 'lesen' از 'e' به 'ie' تغییر می‌کنه و میشه 'liest'.
کدام جمله صحیح است؟ چند گزینه‌ای

Choose the grammatically correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Er sieht den Film.
فعل 'sehen' در سوم شخص مفرد زمان حال ساده به 'sieht' تغییر می‌کند.
اشتباه را پیدا کرده و اصلاح کنید Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ihr liest ein Buch.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ihr lest ein Buch.
تغییر واکه e -> ie فقط برای 'du' و 'er/sie/es' اتفاق می‌افته. شکل 'ihr' به صورت 'lest' باقی می‌مونه.

Score: /3

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Du ___ ein Buch.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: liest
Correct stem change.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

Er ___ den Film.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sieht
Correct stem change.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Du sehst das.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Du siehst das.
Stem change required.
Change to 'du'. Sentence Transformation

Ich lese.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Du liest.
Stem change.
Is this true? True False Rule

Does 'ich' change to 'ie'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Only singular 2nd/3rd person.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Was ___ du? B: Ich lese.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: liest
Correct conjugation.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

er / sehen / den / Film

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Er sieht den Film.
Correct order and conjugation.
Sort the verbs. Grammar Sorting

Which change?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sehen
Strong verb.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
جمله را با 'sehen' کامل کنید پر کردن جای خالی

Wer ___ mich am Freitag?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sieht
به آلمانی ترجمه کنید ترجمه

She recommends the pizza.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sie empfiehlt die Pizza.
کلمات را به ترتیب صحیح قرار دهید Sentence Reorder

liest / die / Er / Nachrichten / morgens

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Er liest morgens die Nachrichten.
ضمیر را به شکل صحیح فعل 'lesen' مطابقت دهید جفت کردن

Match the pairs:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: du : liest
تغییر واکه را تصحیح کنید Error Correction

Du sehst den Lehrer.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Du siehst den Lehrer.
کدام درست است؟ چند گزینه‌ای

Was ___ am Wochenende?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: geschieht
جای خالی را با شکل صحیح فعل 'stehlen' پر کنید پر کردن جای خالی

Er ___ mein Geld!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: stiehlt
ترجمه کنید 'Do you see the house?' ترجمه

Do you see the house?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Siehst du das Haus?
شکل جمع صحیح را انتخاب کنید چند گزینه‌ای

Wir ___ den Text.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: lesen
از 'empfehlen' استفاده کنید پر کردن جای خالی

Was ___ du mir?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: empfiehlst

Score: /10

سوالات متداول (8)

It's a historical strong verb pattern.

No, this is for present tense.

No, 'ich' remains 'sehe'.

Yes, very common.

A small, important group.

Yes, it is standard German.

No, that's a different group.

Use them in sentences.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Verbos irregulares

Spanish changes 'e' to 'ie' or 'i', German specifically uses 'ie' for long vowels.

French low

Verbes irréguliers

French doesn't have the same internal vowel shift pattern.

German high

Starke Verben

It is the source of the rule.

Japanese low

Fukisoku doushi

Japanese does not use vowel shifts for conjugation.

Arabic low

Af'al mu'talla

Arabic changes are based on root consonants, not vowels.

Chinese none

Bu guize dongci

Chinese verbs do not change form.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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