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B1 noun خنثی 2 دقیقه مطالعه

~てしまう

To do completely or regrettably

te shimau /teɕimau/
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Overview

The Japanese grammar pattern ~てしまう (te shimau) is a versatile and frequently used expression that adds nuance to a verb's meaning. It's formed by taking the te-form of a verb and attaching しまう (shimau). This pattern can convey two primary meanings:

  1. 1Completion or Finality: This is perhaps the most straightforward use. It indicates that an action has been completed thoroughly, entirely, or to its end. There's often a sense of the action being finished and nothing left to do.
  • Example: 宿題をしてしまいました。 (Shukudai o shite shimashita.) - “I have completely finished my homework.” Here, it emphasizes that the homework is not just done, but fully completed. ご飯を全部食べてしまいました。 (Gohan o zenbu tabete shimaimashita.) - “I ate all the food.” This implies that all the food is gone.
  1. 1Regret, Unintended Outcome, or Irreversibility: This is where ~てしまう adds a layer of emotion or consequence. It suggests that an action was done accidentally, regrettably, or that it led to an undesirable or irreversible outcome. The speaker often feels a sense of dismay, disappointment, or helplessness about what happened.
  • Example: 財布をなくしてしまいました。 (Saifu o nakushite shimaimashita.) - “I accidentally lost my wallet.” This implies regret and the negative consequence of losing the wallet. 間違ってメールを送ってしまいました。 (Machigatte mēru o okutte shimaimashita.) - “I accidentally sent the email by mistake.” This conveys an unintended action and potential embarrassment. ケーキを全部食べてしまいました。 (Kēki o zenbu tabete shimaimashita.) - “I ended up eating all the cake (and now I regret it).” While similar to the completion meaning, the context here suggests regret, perhaps because it was unhealthy or someone else wanted some.

Contrasting the two meanings: The specific meaning of ~てしまう is often determined by context, the verb it's attached to, and the overall tone of the sentence. If the action is generally positive or neutral, it leans towards completion. If the action has negative implications, it tends towards regret or an unintended outcome.

Common usage notes:

  • In casual speech, ~てしまう often contracts to ~ちゃう (for verbs ending in ~て) or ~じゃう (for verbs ending in ~で). For example, してしまう becomes しちゃう, and 飲んでしまう becomes 飲んじゃう.
  • The polite form is ~てしまいます.
  • The past tense is ~てしまった or ~てしまいました.
  • The negative form ~てしまわない can also be used to express not having done something completely, or avoiding doing something regrettable.

Understanding ~てしまう is crucial for grasping the nuances of Japanese conversation and expressing a wider range of emotions and intentions.

مثال‌ها

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ترکیب‌های رایج

食べてしまう (tabete shimau - to eat completely)
飲んでしまう (nonde shimau - to drink completely)
忘れてしまう (wasurete shimau - to forget regrettably)
壊してしまう (kowashite shimau - to break completely/regrettably)

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

~てしまう در مقابل ~ちゃう
This is the casual contraction of ~てしまう, used in informal speech. While similar in meaning, ~ちゃう is more colloquial and might not be appropriate in all contexts.
~てしまう در مقابل ~ておく
This grammar pattern means 'to do something in advance' or 'to leave something as it is.' While it also involves completing an action, the nuance is about preparation or leaving things in a certain state, rather than the completion or regret implied by ~てしまう.
~てしまう در مقابل ~てくる
This means 'to come doing' or 'to have done up to now.' It indicates a continuous action from the past to the present, or an action performed while coming. It doesn't carry the sense of completion or regret like ~てしまう.

الگوهای دستوری

Verbて-form + しまう Verbて-form + しまう Verbて-form + しまう

نحوه استفاده

نکات کاربردی

The "~てしまう" construction attaches to the 'te-form' of a verb. It has two primary meanings. Firstly, it indicates the completion of an action, often with a sense of thoroughness or finality. For example, 「宿題をやってしまいました。」 (Shukudai o yatte shimaimashita.) means "I completely finished my homework." or "I finished my homework up." The nuance here is that the action is done and dusted. Secondly, it conveys regret, an unintended outcome, or an action that happened despite one's wishes. For instance, 「ケーキを全部食べてしまいました。」 (Keeki o zenbu tabete shimaimashita.) can mean "I accidentally ate all the cake." or "I ended up eating all the cake (and now I regret it)." The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended. The plain form 「～ちゃう」 (~chau) is a casual contraction of 「～てしまう」, often used in informal speech, such as 「食べちゃう」 (tabechau) for 「食べてしまう」 (tabete shimau).

اشتباهات رایج

One common mistake is using it interchangeably with simple past tense. While it often implies completion, it adds a nuance that the simple past doesn't. For example, '食べた' (tabeta - ate) simply states the action, while '食べてしまった' (tabete shimatta - ate completely/regrettably ate) adds a feeling of finality, thoroughness, or regret. Another mistake is misjudging when to apply the 'regret' nuance. It's not always negative; sometimes it just emphasizes thorough completion. Context is key. Also, incorrect conjugation of the verb into its 'te' form before adding 'shimau' is a frequent error. Remember the rules for '-te' form conjugation (e.g., る-verbs drop る and add て, う-verbs change to って, etc.). Lastly, learners sometimes overuse it when a simpler expression would suffice, making their speech sound unnecessarily dramatic or overly nuanced. Use it when you genuinely want to convey the sense of completion, regret, or an action happening unexpectedly.

نکات

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Nuance and Usage

The Japanese grammatical structure "~てしまう" (te shimau) adds nuance to a verb, indicating that an action has been completed, often with a sense of finality, regret, or unintended consequences. It can also imply that an action was done thoroughly or completely. The specific meaning often depends on the context and the speaker's intention. It's a versatile expression that can convey both positive and negative feelings about a completed action.
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Common Pitfalls

One common pitfall is overusing "~てしまう" when a simple past tense might suffice. While it can add emphasis, it's not always necessary. Another is misinterpreting the nuance. It doesn't always imply regret; sometimes it just means 'to finish' or 'to do completely.' Pay close attention to the surrounding context to accurately gauge the intended meaning. Forgetting the 'te-form' conjugation before adding 'しまう' is another frequent mistake.
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Mastering the Expression

To master "~てしまう," practice identifying its different nuances in various sentences. Try to use it in your own sentences to express completion, regret, or accidental actions. Pay attention to how native speakers use it in different situations. Understanding the context is key to correctly interpreting and using this versatile grammatical pattern. Don't be afraid to make mistakes; consistent practice will lead to fluency.

ریشه کلمه

The verb しまう (shimau) originally meant 'to put away' or 'to finish.' When appended to the て-form of another verb, it indicates that the action is completed or finished. Over time, its meaning expanded to include the nuances of performing an action completely, accidentally, or regrettably. This grammatical construction is frequently used in spoken and written Japanese to add emotional coloring or emphasis to a verb's action.

بافت فرهنگی

The Japanese grammatical construction "~てしまう" (te shimau) carries significant cultural nuance, reflecting a society that often values thoroughness and expresses regret or finality indirectly. When used to indicate completion, it implies a task has been carried out fully, leaving no loose ends, which aligns with cultural expectations of diligence and responsibility. For instance, finishing homework "やってしまう" suggests not just completion, but a sense of having taken care of one's duties entirely. When conveying regret or something undesirable happening, it subtly communicates a sense of resignation or an unexpected outcome. This indirectness in expressing negative emotions or consequences is common in Japanese communication, where direct confrontation or overt displays of distress are often avoided. It allows speakers to acknowledge an unfortunate event without necessarily dwelling on personal blame, fostering harmony in social interactions.

راهنمای حفظ

Visualize the action being completed fully or with a sense of regret. For 'complete,' think of a task being utterly finished, like '食べTeshimau' (to eat completely). For 'regret,' imagine a situation where something happened that you wish hadn't, like '忘れTeshimau' (to forget regrettably). The 'te' form connects the verb to 'shimau,' which literally means 'to put away' or 'to finish.' This gives it the nuance of the action being 'put away' or completed, either thoroughly or unfortunately.

سوالات متداول

4 سوال
The Japanese grammatical construction ~てしまう (~teshimau) is a versatile expression that adds nuance to a verb, indicating either the completion of an action or an undesirable/regrettable outcome. It's formed by attaching しまう (shimau) to the te-form of a verb.
When ~てしまう (~teshimau) is used to express completion, it emphasizes that an action has been carried out thoroughly, completely, or to its end. It suggests a sense of finality. For example, 食べちゃった (tabechatta) means 'I ate it all up' or 'I finished eating it,' implying that there's nothing left. Another example is 読んでしまった (yonde shimatta), meaning 'I finished reading it.' This usage often carries a neutral or even positive connotation, simply stating that an action is done.
Beyond completion, ~てしまう (~teshimau) is frequently used to convey regret, an unexpected outcome, or that something undesirable has happened. It implies that an action was done accidentally, carelessly, or that the speaker wishes it hadn't happened. For instance, 忘れてしまった (wasurete shimatta) means 'I forgot (unfortunately),' expressing regret. Similarly, 壊してしまった (kowashite shimatta) means 'I broke it (accidentally/regrettably).' This usage often evokes a feeling of remorse or a sense that things didn't go as planned.
Certainly! Here are a few more examples: * **Completion:** 宿題を全部やってしまいました (Shukudai o zenbu yatte shimaimashita) - 'I finished all my homework.' * **Completion:** 読み終わってしまう (yomiowatte shimau) - 'to finish reading completely.' * **Regret/Undesirable:** 財布をなくしてしまった (Saifu o nakushite shimatta) - 'I lost my wallet (unfortunately).' * **Regret/Undesirable:** 電車に乗り遅れてしまった (Densha ni noriokurete shimatta) - 'I missed the train (regrettably).' * **Accidental:** うっかり言ってしまった (ukkari itte shimatta) - 'I accidentally said it.'

خودت رو بسنج

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宿題を ( ) しまいました。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
fill blank

ケーキを全部 ( ) しまいました。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
fill blank

新しい服が ( ) しまいました。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

امتیاز: /3

محتوای مرتبط

مفید بود؟

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