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B1 verb 10 دقیقه مطالعه

冷える

hieeru

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 冷える در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 冷える in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should understand '冷える' (hieru) as a word related to 'cold.' While beginners usually learn 'samui' (cold weather) and 'tsumetai' (cold to the touch) first, you will encounter 'hieru' in very common daily phrases. The most important thing to remember is that it is a action/state word (a verb), not a description word (an adjective). You will most likely hear it when people talk about drinks being 'cold' (chilled) in a fridge. For example, 'Biiru ga hiete imasu' (The beer is cold). At this stage, just think of it as 'to become cold' or 'to be chilled.' You don't need to worry about the complex grammar yet, just recognize it when you hear about drinks or the weather getting a bit chilly in the evening. It's often used with 'ne' at the end, like 'Hiemasu ne' (It's getting cold, isn't it?), which is a very common way to start a conversation in Japan during autumn or winter.

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At the A2 level, you begin to distinguish between different types of 'cold.' You should now understand that '冷える' (hieru) is an intransitive verb. This means the object itself is doing the action of getting cold. You will use it to describe your own body feeling a chill, such as 'Ashi ga hieru' (My feet are getting cold). You should also be able to use the past tense 'hieta' to describe something that is already cold, like 'hieta mizu' (chilled water). You'll start to notice it in weather contexts too, particularly when the temperature drops as the sun goes down. A key A2 skill is knowing not to use 'desu' with 'hieru' because it's a verb. Instead of 'samui desu,' you would say 'hiemasu.' You should also begin to recognize the difference between 'hieru' (getting cold) and 'hiyasu' (making something cold), though you might still mix them up occasionally.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to use '冷える' (hieru) naturally in various contexts. You should understand the nuance that 'hieru' often implies a process or a resulting state of being chilled. You will use it for weather ('Kon'ya wa gutto hiemasu ne'), for physical health ('Karada ga hieru to kaze wo hikimasu yo'), and for food/drinks ('Yoku hieta suika'). You should also be introduced to the metaphorical use of the word, such as 'naka ga hieru' (a relationship cooling down). At this level, you should be comfortable with the '-te iru' form ('hiete iru') to describe a continuous state of being cold. You also need to be careful with the distinction between 'hieru' and 'sameru' (to cool down from a hot state). Remember: 'hieru' is for things that should be cold or for the atmosphere, while 'sameru' is for things like soup or coffee that were hot but have lost their heat.

At the B2 level, you should master the compound versions and more specific nuances of '冷える' (hieru). You will frequently use '冷え込む' (hie-komu) to describe a significant or deep drop in temperature, which is common in news reports or formal weather discussions. You should also understand the cultural concept of 'hie' (chilling of the body) and how it relates to health and traditional Japanese medicine. Your metaphorical use of the word should expand to include economic contexts, such as 'keiki ga hie-komu' (the economy is cooling down/slowing). You should be able to use various adverbs to modify the verb, such as 'kinkin ni' (ice-cold) or 'sokkobiye' (chilled to the bone). At this level, your grammar should be precise, correctly choosing between 'hieru' (intransitive) and 'hiyasu' (transitive) without hesitation, and understanding how 'hieru' fits into complex sentence structures involving cause and effect.

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At the C1 level, you have a sophisticated grasp of '冷える' (hieru) and its related forms. You can use it in literary or highly formal contexts, such as describing a 'hiyayaka' (cool/chilly) attitude or a 'reikyaku-kikan' (cooling-off period) in legal or business terms. You understand the historical and etymological roots of the kanji '冷' and how it differs from '寒' or '涼'. You can discuss the nuances of how 'hieru' affects the 'atmosphere' (kuuki) of a room or a social situation. You are also familiar with idiomatic expressions like 'kimo wo hiyasu' (to be chilled to the liver/to be terrified) and can use them appropriately. Your ability to switch between 'hieru', 'sameru', and 'reikyaku' based on the technical or social register of the conversation is a hallmark of your advanced proficiency. You can also interpret the subtle emotional undertones when 'hieru' is used in modern Japanese literature to describe isolation or emotional distance.

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At the C2 level, your understanding of '冷える' (hieru) is indistinguishable from that of a native speaker. You possess an intuitive sense of the word's prosody and its placement within high-level discourse. You can analyze the use of 'hieru' in classical poetry or archaic texts where the boundaries between temperature and emotion are fluid. You are aware of regional dialects and how they might use different verbs for cooling. You can engage in deep cultural discussions about why 'hie' is such a prominent concern in Japanese society compared to Western cultures. In professional settings, you use the most precise terminology, whether it's 'keiki no gekiretsu na hiekomi' (a severe economic chill) or technical 'reikyaku' processes in engineering. You can also play with the word in creative writing, using it to evoke specific atmospheres or psychological states, and you understand the full range of its historical evolution and its modern socio-linguistic implications.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

冷える در ۳۰ ثانیه

A verb meaning 'to get cold' or 'to be chilled'.
Used for weather, body sensations, and drinks.
Intransitive (it happens to the subject).
Often used as 'hiete-iru' to mean 'is cold'.

The Japanese verb 冷える (hie-ru) is a quintessential term in the Japanese lexicon, primarily functioning as an intransitive verb that describes the process of something becoming cold or the state of feeling a chill. Unlike the adjective 寒い (samui), which describes the ambient temperature of the air or weather, or 冷たい (tsumetai), which describes the physical sensation of an object upon touch, 冷える focuses on the internal change or the resulting state of a person or object losing heat. It is a CEFR B1 level word because while its basic meaning is simple, its nuanced application across physical, atmospheric, and metaphorical contexts requires a deeper understanding of Japanese transitive/intransitive pairs and cultural perceptions of temperature.

The Core Concept of Cooling: At its heart, 冷える implies a transition from a state of warmth or neutrality to a state of coldness. When you say 'ビールが冷えている' (The beer is chilled), you are noting that the beer has undergone a process of cooling and is now at a cold, refreshing temperature. It is not just 'cold'; it has been 'chilled'. This distinction is vital for learners to grasp the 'state-change' aspect of Japanese verbs.

今夜はぐっと冷えるから、厚着をしたほうがいいですよ。 (It will get quite cold tonight, so you should dress warmly.)

Physical Sensation and Health: In a physiological sense, Japanese people frequently use 冷える to describe their bodies losing heat. A very common complaint, especially among women in Japan, is '冷え性' (hieshō), or poor circulation that leads to cold extremities. When someone says '足が冷える' (My feet are getting cold), they are expressing a physical discomfort that is often linked to health and wellness in Japanese culture. Keeping the body from 'cooling down' is a major theme in traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo).

Furthermore, 冷える is used to describe the cooling of emotions or relationships. When a friendship or a romantic relationship 'cools off,' Japanese speakers use the term '仲が冷える' (naka ga hieru). This metaphorical use mirrors the English 'to grow cold,' but it carries a specific weight of lost intimacy or enthusiasm. In business contexts, it can also describe the cooling of the economy (景気が冷える), indicating a downturn or a lack of activity. Understanding these layers allows a learner to move from basic communication to nuanced expression.

二人の関係が急速に冷えてしまった。 (The relationship between the two quickly cooled down.)

Atmospheric Nuance: While 'samui' is the general word for cold weather, 'hieru' is used when you want to emphasize the *sensation* of the temperature dropping or the way the cold penetrates. It is often used in the evening or early morning when the air suddenly loses its warmth. It suggests a piercing cold that affects the body directly, rather than just an abstract measurement of temperature.

Using 冷える (hie-ru) correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as an intransitive verb (自動詞 - jidōshi). This means the subject is the thing that is becoming cold, and it does not take a direct object with the particle 'wo'. Instead, it typically uses the particle 'ga' or 'wa' to identify the subject. Because it is a Ru-verb (Ichidan), its conjugation is straightforward: 冷える (dictionary), 冷えます (polite), 冷えない (negative), 冷えた (past).

Describing Physical States: When describing the state of an object, we often use the '-te iru' form to indicate a resultative state. For example, 'ビールが冷えています' (The beer is cold/chilled). This doesn't just mean the beer is cold; it means it has reached a state of being chilled and remains so. If you say 'ビールが冷えました', you are announcing that the cooling process is complete: 'The beer is now chilled!'

冷蔵庫に入れておいたので、スイカがよく冷えています。 (Since I put it in the fridge, the watermelon is well chilled.)

Weather and Environment: When talking about the weather, '冷える' often appears with adverbs like 'ぐっと' (gutto - suddenly/considerably) or 'ひんやり' (hinyari - coolly). You might say '夜になると冷えますね' (It gets cold when night falls, doesn't it?). Here, the verb describes the transition of the environment. Note that you wouldn't say '今日は冷えるです' because '冷える' is a verb, not an adjective. You must use '冷えます' or '冷えるね'.

In metaphorical contexts, the structure remains the same. '景気が冷え込む' (The economy is cooling down) uses the intransitive nature to show a spontaneous or external trend. When discussing relationships, '愛情が冷える' (Love cools) or '熱意が冷える' (Enthusiasm cools) suggests a natural progression away from warmth. It is important to note that '冷える' is generally unintentional. If you want to say you intentionally cooled something down, you must switch to the transitive '冷やす' (hiyasu).

お風呂から上がると体が冷えるのが早いです。 (After getting out of the bath, the body cools down quickly.)

Common Adverbial Pairings: 1. **キンキンに** (kin-kin ni): Ice-cold. 'ビールがキンキンに冷えている' (The beer is ice-cold).
2. **底から** (soko kara): From the bottom. '足元が底から冷える' (My feet are cold from the ground up).
3. **すっかり** (sukkari): Completely. 'スープがすっかり冷えてしまった' (The soup has completely cooled down).

The word 冷える (hie-ru) is ubiquitous in Japanese daily life, appearing in weather forecasts, culinary discussions, medical advice, and casual greetings. Its frequency is high because Japan has distinct seasons where temperature changes are a constant topic of conversation. Understanding the context in which you hear this word will help you grasp the Japanese sensitivity to temperature and physical comfort.

In the Kitchen and Restaurants: In a Japanese Izakaya (pub), the most common phrase you might hear is '冷えたビール' (hie-ta bīru - chilled beer). Servers will often emphasize that the drinks are 'yoku hiete imasu' (well-chilled). Similarly, at home, a mother might warn her child, '料理が冷えないうちに食べて' (Eat the food before it gets cold). Here, '冷える' is synonymous with the loss of the 'oishii' (delicious) peak temperature of a meal.

「とりあえず、よく冷えたビールを二つください！」 (For now, two well-chilled beers, please!)

Weather Forecasts (Tenki Yohō): Meteorologists use '冷え込む' (hie-komu) or '冷え込みが厳しい' (hie-komi ga kibishii) to warn of severe drops in temperature. You will hear this constantly during the autumn-to-winter transition. It’s a signal for people to bring out their 'kotatsu' (heated tables) or 'kairo' (heat packs). A common morning greeting in late October might be '今朝は冷えますね' (It's chilly this morning, isn't it?), serving as a social lubricant to acknowledge the shared physical experience of the season.

In the medical or wellness sphere, '冷え' (hie - the noun form) is treated as a precursor to many illnesses. Doctors or pharmacists might ask, '体が冷えていませんか？' (Is your body feeling cold/chilled?). This isn't just about the flu; it's about the general balance of the body. You'll also hear it in the context of sports—'体が冷えないうちに準備運動をしよう' (Let's warm up before our bodies get cold/stiff). In this sense, '冷える' implies a loss of readiness or flexibility.

明日の朝は、全国的に冷え込む見込みです。 (Tomorrow morning, it is expected to get cold nationwide.)

Metaphorical Social Contexts: In news broadcasts, you might hear about '日韓関係が冷え込んでいる' (The relationship between Japan and South Korea is cooling down). This use of '冷え込む' suggests a deep, persistent frost in diplomatic relations. Similarly, in a corporate setting, if a project loses momentum, someone might say '熱が冷めてしまった' (The passion has cooled), which is a close relative of '冷える' in meaning.

For English speakers, the most common mistakes involving 冷える (hie-ru) stem from the confusion between adjectives and verbs, and the distinction between transitive and intransitive actions. In English, we use the word 'cold' for everything: 'The air is cold,' 'I am cold,' 'The beer is cold.' In Japanese, these require different words and grammatical structures.

Mistake 1: Using '冷える' as an Adjective: Learners often try to say '今日は冷えるです' (Today is cold-verb is). This is grammatically incorrect. '冷える' is a verb. If you want to describe the weather, use the adjective '寒い' (samui). If you want to use '冷える', it must be '今日は冷えますね' (It's getting cold today, isn't it?). Remember: Verbs conjugate into 'masu' forms, adjectives into 'desu' forms.

❌ 今日は冷えるです。
✅ 今日は冷えますね。

Mistake 2: Confusing '冷える' with '冷たい': When you touch a cold stone, you say '冷たい!' (tsumetai). You do NOT say '冷える!'. '冷える' describes the internal process or the state of having been cooled. If you say '手が冷える', it means your hands are *becoming* cold (perhaps due to the weather). If you touch someone's hand and it's cold, you say '手が冷たいですね'.

Another frequent error is the Transitive/Intransitive mix-up. If you put a bottle of water in the freezer, you are '冷やす' (hiyasu - transitive). The water, as a result, '冷える' (hieru - intransitive). Saying '水を冷えました' is incorrect because 'hieru' cannot take an object. You must say '水が冷えました' (The water has become cold) or '水を冷やしました' (I cooled the water).

❌ ビールを冷えました。
✅ ビールを冷やしました。
✅ ビールが冷えました。

Mistake 3: Overusing '冷える' for Food: While '冷える' is used for drinks (chilled beer), for hot food that has gone cold and is no longer tasty (like pizza or soup), Japanese people often use '冷める' (sameru). 'スープが冷めた' (The soup got cold) is more natural than 'スープが冷えた'. '冷える' implies a 'good' or 'refreshing' cold (like beer) or a 'chilling' cold (like the weather), whereas '冷める' implies a loss of desirable heat.

To truly master 冷える (hie-ru), you must understand its place within the family of Japanese 'cold' words. Japanese is much more specific about coldness than English, distinguishing between the source of the cold, the object being affected, and the emotional connotation.

冷える (Hie-ru) vs. 冷める (Same-ru)

冷える: Used for things that are *intended* to be cold (drinks, air, the body feeling a chill). It often implies the cold is coming from the outside in.
冷める: Used for things that were *hot* but have lost their heat (coffee, soup, passion). It implies a return to room temperature or a loss of energy.

お茶が冷める (Tea gets cold - negative).
ビールが冷える (Beer gets chilled - positive/neutral).

冷える (Hie-ru) vs. 寒い (Samui) vs. 冷たい (Tsumetai)

寒い (Adjective): Atmospheric cold. 'It is cold outside.'
冷たい (Adjective): Tactile cold. 'This ice is cold.' Also used for 'cold-hearted' people.
冷える (Verb): The *experience* of getting cold. 'My body is getting chilled.'

There are also compound verbs and more formal alternatives:

Advanced Alternatives

冷え込む (Hie-komu): To get very cold, to cool down deeply. Used for weather and the economy.
冷ややか (Hiyayaka): A 'cool' or 'chilly' attitude. More literary and descriptive of someone's gaze or demeanor.
冷却する (Reikyaku-suru): To cool down (technical/scientific). Used for engines or industrial processes.
肌寒い (Hada-zamui): Chilly on the skin. A great word for that early autumn feeling.

彼女の冷ややかな視線に、背筋が凍りついた。 (My spine froze at her chilly gaze.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The kanji '冷' contains the radical '冫' (ninsui), which represents ice. The right side '令' provides the phonetic reading and also implies a 'sharp' or 'commanding' nature, suggesting the sharp sting of cold.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /çi.e.ɾɯ/

US /çi.e.ɾu/

Flat (Heiban style), but often the 'hi' starts slightly higher than 'e-ru'.

هم‌قافیه با

見える (mieru - to see) 消える (kieru - to disappear) 煮える (nieru - to be boiled)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'hi' as 'hee' with too much friction.
Using a hard English 'r' for 'ru'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

The kanji is common but distinct from 'samui' and 'tsumetai'.

نوشتن 3/5

The radical is easy, but the right side '令' can be confused with other characters.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Common in daily conversation and greetings.

گوش دادن 2/5

Very frequent in weather forecasts and at home.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

寒い (samui) 冷たい (tsumetai) 水 (mizu) 手 (te)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

冷やす (hiyasu) 冷める (sameru) 温まる (atatamaru) 冷え込む (hiekomu)

پیشرفته

冷却 (reikyaku) 凛とする (rin to suru) 放射冷却 (housha reikyaku)

گرامر لازم

Intransitive Verbs (自動詞)

ドアが開く (The door opens) vs ドアを開ける (I open the door). Similarly, ビールが冷える vs ビールを冷やす.

-te iru for State (状態)

ビールが冷えている (The beer is in a chilled state).

-te kuru for Change (変化)

冷えてきた (It has started to get cold).

-u uchi ni (While/Before)

冷えないうちに食べてください (Eat it before it gets cold).

Compound Verbs (複合動詞)

冷え込む (hieru + komu = to get deeply cold).

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

水が冷える。

The water gets cold.

Simple subject + verb structure.

ビールが冷えています。

The beer is chilled.

-te iru form shows the state of being cold.

夜は冷えますね。

It gets cold at night, doesn't it?

Polite verb form + particle 'ne' for agreement.

手が冷える。

My hands are getting cold.

Part of the body + ga + hieru.

スープが冷えた。

The soup got cold.

Past tense 'hieta' indicates the process finished.

ここ、冷えますか？

Does it get cold here?

Question form of the verb.

あまり冷えない。

It doesn't get very cold.

Negative form 'hienai'.

よく冷えたジュース。

Well-chilled juice.

Past tense verb used as an adjective for a noun.

お風呂に入らないと体が冷えます。

If you don't take a bath, your body will get cold.

Conditional 'to' + hieru.

冷蔵庫でスイカが冷えている。

The watermelon is chilling in the refrigerator.

Location 'de' + subject 'ga' + hiete iru.

今日は昨日より冷えます。

It is colder today than yesterday.

Comparison structure 'A yori B'.

冬は足元が冷えるので、靴下をはきます。

My feet get cold in winter, so I wear socks.

Reason 'node' + result.

この部屋は全然冷えない。

This room doesn't get cold at all.

'Zenzen' + negative verb.

飲み物が冷えたら、飲みましょう。

When the drinks get cold, let's drink.

Conditional 'tara' (when/if).

外はぐっと冷えてきました。

It has started to get quite cold outside.

-te kuru form indicates a change starting to happen.

冷えた手で顔を触らないで。

Don't touch your face with cold hands.

'Hieta' modifying 'te' (hands).

今夜はかなり冷えそうだから、毛布を出そう。

It looks like it will get quite cold tonight, so let's get the blankets out.

Verb stem + sou (looks like/seems).

冷えたビールを一杯飲むのが楽しみだ。

I look forward to having a glass of chilled beer.

Noun phrase 'hieta biiru wo ippai nomu koto'.

体が冷えないように、温かいスープを作った。

I made warm soup so that the body wouldn't get cold.

Negative verb + 'you ni' (in order not to).

雨が降って、急に空気が冷えてきた。

It rained, and the air suddenly got cold.

-te form for sequence + -te kuru for change.

エアコンが効きすぎて、部屋が冷え切っている。

The air conditioner is working too well, and the room is freezing.

'Hie-kiru' means to be completely chilled.

二人の関係は、あの事件以来、冷えてしまった。

Since that incident, the relationship between the two has cooled.

Metaphorical use for relationships.

お弁当が冷えないように、保温バッグに入れた。

I put the lunch box in an insulated bag so it wouldn't get cold.

'Hienai you ni' expressing purpose.

冬の朝は、空気が凛として冷えている。

On winter mornings, the air is crisp and cold.

'Rin to shite' (crisp/sharp) modifying the state.

底冷えがするので、床暖房をつけました。

It's chilled to the bone, so I turned on the floor heating.

'Sokobiye' (bottom-cold) as a noun/verb phrase.

景気が冷え込み、消費者の財布の紐が固くなった。

The economy cooled down, and consumers tightened their purse strings.

Economic metaphor with 'hie-komu'.

運動の後は、体が冷えないうちにストレッチをすべきだ。

After exercise, you should stretch before your body gets cold.

'Hienai uchi ni' (while not yet/before).

昨夜の放射冷却で、今朝は一段と冷え込んだ。

Due to radiative cooling last night, it got even colder this morning.

Scientific term 'housha reikyaku' + 'hie-komu'.

彼の冷え切った態度に、彼女はショックを受けた。

She was shocked by his completely cold attitude.

'Hie-kitta' as an adjective for attitude.

この酒は、少し冷やしたほうが味が引き締まる。

This sake's flavor tightens up if you chill it a little.

Transitive 'hiyasu' used in advice.

冷え性は、万病の元と言われています。

It is said that poor circulation (cold sensitivity) is the root of all illnesses.

'Hieshou' (the condition of feeling cold).

市場が冷え込んでいる今は、投資を控えるべきだ。

Now that the market is cooling down, we should refrain from investing.

'Hie-konde iru' describing the current market state.

肝を冷やすような思いをしたが、何とか無事だった。

I had a soul-chilling (terrifying) experience, but somehow I was safe.

Idiom 'kimo wo hiyasu' (to be terrified).

交渉は決裂し、両国の関係は氷河期のように冷え切った。

The negotiations failed, and the relationship between the two countries became as cold as an ice age.

Simile 'hyougaki no you ni' + 'hie-kitta'.

熱狂的なブームも、時が経てば次第に冷えていくものだ。

Even a fanatical boom will gradually cool down as time passes.

'Hiete iku' indicates a future progression of cooling.

彼の冷ややかな笑みに、私は不吉な予感を覚えた。

I felt an ominous premonition at his chilly smile.

'Hiyayaka' (chilly/cold) describing a smile.

スープが冷めるのと、ビールが冷えるのでは、意味が全く異なる。

The soup getting cold and the beer getting chilled have completely different meanings.

Comparison of 'sameru' vs 'hieru'.

都会の冷え冷えとした空気感に、彼は孤独を感じた。

He felt lonely in the cold, chilly atmosphere of the city.

'Hie-hie to shita' (chilly/freezing) used for atmosphere.

冬の夜長、底冷えのする書斎で一人ペンを走らせる。

On a long winter night, I write with my pen alone in a bone-chilling study.

Literary description of 'sokobiye'.

政治的な対立が深まり、対話の機運は完全に冷え込んでしまった。

Political conflict deepened, and the momentum for dialogue has completely cooled.

Abstract noun 'kiun' (momentum/opportunity) + 'hie-komu'.

万物が凍てつく極寒の地では、魂まで冷えるような錯覚に陥る。

In a land of extreme cold where everything freezes, one falls into the illusion that even the soul is chilled.

Metaphysical use of 'hieru'.

その一言が、盛り上がっていた宴席の空気を一瞬で冷えびえとさせた。

That one word instantly made the lively atmosphere of the banquet chillingly cold.

'Hie-bie to saseru' (causative form for atmosphere).

伝統的な日本家屋の美学は、冬の冷え込みを受け入れることから始まる。

The aesthetics of traditional Japanese houses begin with accepting the winter chill.

'Hie-komi' as a noun representing a seasonal concept.

市場の過熱を抑制するための政策が、皮肉にも経済を冷え込ませすぎた。

The policy to curb market overheating ironically cooled the economy too much.

Causative form 'hie-komaseta'.

彼女の心は、長年の不遇によって、もはや温まることのないほど冷え切っていた。

Her heart had become so completely chilled by years of misfortune that it could no longer be warmed.

'Hie-kitte ita' for permanent emotional state.

科学的に言えば、物体が冷えるとは、分子の運動エネルギーが減少することである。

Scientifically speaking, for an object to cool down is for the kinetic energy of its molecules to decrease.

Technical definition using 'to wa... koto da'.

静寂に包まれた雪の夜、しんしんと冷える空気の中で彼は悟りを開いた。

On a snowy night wrapped in silence, he attained enlightenment in the piercingly cold air.

Onomatopoeia 'shin-shin' describing the falling snow/cold.

このワインは、冷えすぎると繊細な香りが損なわれてしまう。

If this wine gets too cold, its delicate aroma will be spoiled.

'Hie-sugiru' (too cold).

ترکیب‌های رایج

足が冷える

ビールが冷える

体が冷える

夜が冷える

景気が冷える

関係が冷える

スープが冷える

空気が冷える

芯から冷える

キンキンに冷える

عبارات رایج

冷え性

— A physical condition where one is sensitive to cold (poor circulation).

私は冷え性なので、冬が苦手です。

底冷え

— A cold that feels like it's coming from the ground/floor.

京都の冬は底冷えがする。

冷え込む

— To get significantly colder (weather or economy).

今夜から急に冷え込むそうです。

冷え切る

— To become completely cold (physically or metaphorically).

冷え切った体を温める。

冷え冷え

— Chilly or freezing (atmosphere).

冷え冷えとした部屋。

体が冷える

— To get a chill in the body.

外に長くいると体が冷えます。

冷えたビール

— A chilled beer (standard phrase).

お風呂上がりの冷えたビールは最高だ。

仲が冷える

— A relationship becoming distant.

喧嘩をしてから二人の仲が冷えた。

お腹が冷える

— One's stomach getting cold (often leading to pain).

冷たいものを食べすぎてお腹が冷えた。

足元が冷える

— One's feet/the area around the feet getting cold.

デスクワークは足元が冷える。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

冷える vs 冷める (sameru)

Sameru is for hot things losing heat (bad). Hieru is for things getting chilled (good/neutral).

冷える vs 寒い (samui)

Samui is an adjective for weather. Hieru is a verb for the process/feeling.

冷える vs 冷たい (tsumetai)

Tsumetai is an adjective for touch. Hieru is a verb for the state/process.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"肝を冷やす"

— To be frightened or terrified (lit. to chill one's liver).

車にぶつかりそうになって、肝を冷やした。

General

"懐が冷える"

— To be short on money (lit. one's pocket gets cold).

今月は出費が多くて、懐が冷えている。

Idiomatic/Informal

"背筋が冷える"

— To feel a chill down one's spine (from fear).

その話を聞いて背筋が冷えた。

General

"冷や汗をかく"

— To break into a cold sweat (from embarrassment or fear).

ミスを見つけられて冷や汗をかいた。

General

"冷や水を浴びせる"

— To throw cold water on (to discourage someone).

彼の熱意に冷や水を浴びせるようなことは言いたくない。

General

"冷飯を食わされる"

— To be treated coldly or marginalized (lit. to be made to eat cold rice).

彼は会社で冷飯を食わされている。

Idiomatic

"熱が冷める"

— Enthusiasm cooling down.

あんなに好きだったのに、急に熱が冷めた。

General

"冷え物"

— A cold person or something that has cooled down.

彼は冷え物だ。 (Rare)

Archaic

"冷やかし"

— Teasing or 'just looking' (window shopping without buying).

冷やかしでお店に入る。

Informal

"心根が冷える"

— To become cold-hearted.

辛い経験が重なり、彼の心根は冷えてしまった。

Literary

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

冷える vs 冷める (sameru)

Both mean 'to get cold'.

Sameru is for things that were hot (coffee, passion). Hieru is for things getting chilled or weather.

お茶が冷める。 (Tea gets cold.)

冷える vs 冷やす (hiyasu)

Same kanji, related meaning.

Hiyasu is transitive (you do it). Hieru is intransitive (it happens).

ビールを冷やす。 (I chill the beer.)

冷える vs 凍える (kogoeru)

Both involve being cold.

Kogoeru is much stronger, meaning 'to freeze' or 'to be numb'.

手が凍える。 (Hands are freezing/numb.)

冷える vs 涼む (suzumu)

Both involve cooling down.

Suzumu is an intentional act to enjoy the cool (like sitting in shade).

木陰で涼む。 (Cool off in the shade.)

冷える vs 冷え込む (hiekomu)

Very similar.

Hiekomu is more intense and used for weather/economy drops.

今夜は冷え込む。 (It will get very cold tonight.)

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Subject] が冷える。

水が冷える。

[Subject] が冷えています。

ビールが冷えています。

[Body Part] が冷える。

足が冷える。

[Subject] が冷えたら、〜。

ジュースが冷えたら飲みましょう。

[Subject] が冷えないうちに〜。

料理が冷えないうちに食べて。

[Subject] が冷えてきた。

外が冷えてきた。

[Subject] が冷え込む。

景気が冷え込む。

[Subject] が冷え切る。

関係が冷え切った。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

冷え (hie - chill/coldness)

冷え性 (hieshou - cold sensitivity)

冷却 (reikyaku - cooling)

فعل‌ها

冷やす (hiyasu - to cool something)

冷え込む (hiekomu - to get very cold)

冷え切る (hiekiru - to chill completely)

صفت‌ها

冷たい (tsumetai - cold to touch)

冷ややか (hiyayaka - chilly/cold-hearted)

مرتبط

寒い (samui)

涼しい (suzushii)

氷 (koori)

雪 (yuki)

冬 (fuyu)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very high, especially in seasonal transitions.

اشتباهات رایج

今日は冷えるです。 → 今日は冷えますね。
Hieru is a verb, so it conjugates to -masu, not -desu.
コーヒーが冷えた。 → コーヒーが冷めた。
Use 'sameru' for hot liquids losing heat.
ビールを冷えました。 → ビールを冷やしました。
Hieru is intransitive; use transitive 'hiyasu' with the particle 'wo'.
手が冷えるです。 → 手が冷たいです。
If you are describing the sensation of cold hands, the adjective 'tsumetai' is often more natural, though 'hieru' works for the process.
外が冷たい。 → 外が寒い。
Use 'samui' for weather/air, not 'tsumetai' (unless you are touching the air?).

نکات

Verb vs Adjective

Never say 'hieru desu'. Use 'hiemasu' or just 'hieru' because it is a verb.

Chilled Drinks

Always use 'hieta' or 'hiete-iru' when talking about refreshing cold drinks.

Hieshou

Mention 'hieshou' if you're talking to Japanese friends about feeling cold in winter; they will relate!

Evening Greeting

'Hiemasu ne' is a perfect greeting for late autumn evenings.

Hieru vs Sameru

Remember: Hieru is for 'chilling', Sameru is for 'losing heat'.

Kanji practice

Practice writing the '冫' radical; it's used in many cold-related words like 'koori' (ice).

Scary situations

Use 'kimo wo hiyasu' when you had a close call or a scary moment.

News vocabulary

Learn 'hie-komu' to understand Japanese economic news.

Cold feet

'Ashi ga hieru' is the standard way to say your feet are cold.

Relationships

Use 'hiete-iru' to describe a tense or distant social atmosphere.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

'He-A' (Hi-E) - Imagine a guy named 'He' (Hi) who is 'A-ing' (E-ing) because he is so cold. He-E! He's getting chilled!

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a glass of beer (Biiru) sitting in the snow. It's 'hiete-iru' (chilled).

شبکه واژگان

Cold Weather Beer Feet Chilled Relationship Economy Ice

چالش

Try to use '冷える' in three different ways today: once for the weather, once for a drink, and once for a body part.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Old Japanese word 'piyu', which related to the sensation of cold and ice.

معنای اصلی: To become cold or to freeze.

Japonic

بافت فرهنگی

None, but be aware that complaining about 'hie' is very common and expected in social small talk.

In English, we say 'I am cold.' In Japanese, saying 'Watashi wa samui' is okay for weather, but 'Ashi ga hieru' is much more specific and common for physical sensation.

The concept of 'Sokobiye' in Kyoto literature. Hieshou as a common topic in Japanese 'Joshikai' (girls' night out) conversations.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

At a restaurant

冷えたビールをください。
お冷（おひや）をください。
スープが冷えないうちに。

Talking about weather

今夜は冷えますね。
明日は冷え込むそうです。
空気が冷えてきましたね。

Health and wellness

足が冷えて困っています。
体が冷えないように気をつけて。
冷え性に効くお風呂。

Home life

冷蔵庫でスイカが冷えているよ。
お風呂が冷えちゃった。
布団が冷えていて寒い。

Business/News

景気が冷え込んでいる。
日韓関係が冷え切った。
市場の冷え込みが激しい。

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"最近、急に冷えてきましたね。 (It's suddenly gotten cold lately, hasn't it?)"

"足元が冷えませんか？ (Aren't your feet getting cold?)"

"よく冷えたビール、飲みに行きませんか？ (Want to go drink some well-chilled beer?)"

"冬はどこが一番冷えますか？ (Where [in your body] gets coldest in winter?)"

"今夜は冷えそうだから、鍋にしましょうか？ (It looks like it'll be cold tonight, shall we have hot pot?)"

موضوعات نگارش

今日はどのくらい冷えましたか？ (How cold did it get today?)

体が冷えた時、何をしますか？ (What do you do when your body gets cold?)

冷えたビールと温かいお茶、どちらが好きですか？ (Which do you like better, chilled beer or warm tea?)

最近、誰かとの関係が冷えたと感じたことはありますか？ (Have you felt a relationship with someone cool down recently?)

日本の冬の『底冷え』についてどう思いますか？ (What do you think about the 'sokobiye' of Japanese winters?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Usually no. For coffee or soup that was hot, use 'sameru'. 'Hieru' implies it's being chilled intentionally or by the environment.

Yes, for body parts or the whole body feeling a chill (e.g., 'Karada ga hieru'). It often implies discomfort.

'Samui' is an adjective ('It is cold'). 'Hieru' is a verb ('It gets cold' or 'It is chilled').

'Hieta biiru' (冷えたビール).

It's a common Japanese term for people who are sensitive to cold, often due to poor circulation.

Yes, 'naka ga hieru' means a relationship has cooled off or become distant.

No, it is intransitive. The transitive version is 'hiyasu'.

Use it for a significant or 'deep' cold, especially in weather forecasts or when describing a market crash.

Yes, for cold drinks or air conditioning ('Heya ga hiete-iru').

The 'ninsui' radical (冫), which means ice.

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