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B1 noun #4,000 پرکاربردترین 6 دقیقه مطالعه

機嫌

kigen رتبه 4,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 機嫌 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 機嫌 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should learn 機嫌 (kigen) as a basic noun for 'mood.' You will mostly use it with the adjectives 'ii' (good) and 'warui' (bad). Think of it as a way to describe how someone looks. If a friend is smiling, they are in a 'kigen ga ii' state. If they are frowning, they are 'kigen ga warui.' At this stage, just focus on these two simple patterns: '[Person] wa kigen ga ii' and '[Person] wa kigen ga warui.' It is a useful word for talking about your family, friends, or even your pets. Remember that the 'g' in 'kigen' is a hard 'g' sound, and the word has two syllables: ki-gen.

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At the A2 level, you can start using the honorific form 'gokigen' to be more polite. You will also learn the common phrase 'Gokigen-you,' which is a very formal way to say hello or goodbye, often used by characters in anime set in high-class schools. You should also begin to understand that 機嫌 is something that can change. You might see sentences like 'Kigen ga naoru' (mood gets better). You can also use it to ask questions: 'Gokigen ikaga desu ka?' (How are you?). Start noticing how Japanese people use this word to talk about the 'vibe' someone is giving off in social situations.

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At the B1 level, you should master the functional verbs that go with 機謙. The most important one is 'kigen o toru,' which means to humor someone or try to make them feel better. This is a very common social strategy in Japan. You should also learn 'kigen o sokoneru' (to hurt someone's feelings/spoil their mood). At this level, you can start distinguishing 機嫌 from 'kibun' (internal feeling) and 'kimochi' (physical/emotional sensation). You'll notice 機嫌 is often used for others because it's based on observation. You can also use the word 'fukigen' (unpleasant/grumpy) as a na-adjective or noun.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 機嫌 in professional and nuanced social contexts. You will encounter idiomatic expressions like 'gokigen-naname' (to be in a bad mood/cranky). You should understand how the word reflects the concept of 'wa' (harmony)—maintaining someone's 機嫌 is often seen as a social duty. You might see it in literature to describe a character's temperament or in business to describe the 'mood' of the market (though this is less common than 'keiki'). You should be able to explain the difference between 'kigen' and 'joucho' or 'kibun' in detail.

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At the C1 level, you should understand the historical and Buddhist origins of 機嫌. Originally, it referred to the 'opportunity' for others to 'dislike' or criticize one's behavior, which later evolved into the concept of 'reputation' and then 'mood.' You should be able to use it in complex sentences involving causative and passive forms, such as 'Kigen o sokonerarete shimatta' (I accidentally made them lose their good mood). You will also recognize it in formal speeches and high-level literature where it might describe the 'kigen' (state) of a nation or a large group, though this is rare and highly stylistic.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 機嫌 should be near-native. you can pick up on subtle ironies, such as when someone uses 'gokigen' sarcastically to describe someone who is being overly self-satisfied. You can use the word in academic discussions about Japanese sociology and the importance of 'kigen' in interpersonal relations. You are also aware of homophones like 'kigen' (origin) or 'kigen' (deadline) and can distinguish them instantly in rapid speech or complex texts. You can use archaic or highly formal variations of the word in appropriate traditional settings, such as tea ceremonies or formal traditional greetings.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

機嫌 در ۳۰ ثانیه

Kigen means 'mood' or 'temper,' specifically the outward state others can observe.
Commonly used with 'ii' (good) or 'warui' (bad) to describe someone's current vibe.
Key phrases include 'kigen o toru' (to humor someone) and 'kigen o naosu' (to cheer up).
Different from 'kibun' (internal feeling) and 'kimochi' (physical/emotional sensation).

The Japanese word 機嫌 (kigen) is a fascinating term that captures the intersection of internal feelings and external presentation. While often translated simply as 'mood' or 'temper,' its scope is broader, encompassing one's state of mind, health, and social disposition at a specific moment. Understanding 機嫌 is crucial for navigating Japanese social dynamics, as it is frequently used to describe the atmosphere someone carries with them into a room.

Etymological Roots: The characters for 機嫌 are 'machine/opportunity' (機) and 'dislike/suspicion' (嫌). Historically, it referred to the 'opportunity for dislike' or the 'state of one's health and mind' in a Buddhist context. Today, it focuses on whether someone is pleased, displeased, or physically well.
Social Context: In Japanese culture, reading someone's 機嫌 is part of 'reading the air' (kuuki o yomu). If a boss is in a 'bad kigen,' employees might delay asking for a favor. If a child is in a 'good kigen,' it's the perfect time for a treat.

部長は今、とても機嫌がいいですよ。(The manager is in a very good mood right now.)

You will hear this word in various settings, from polite greetings like 'Gokigen-you' (a very formal 'How do you do' or 'Farewell') to casual complaints about a partner's crankiness. It is a noun, but it functions almost like an adjective when paired with 'ii' (good) or 'warui' (bad). Because it reflects an externalized state, it is frequently used to describe others, whereas words like 'kibun' are more commonly used for one's own internal physical or emotional sensation.

彼女の機嫌を損ねないように注意してください。(Be careful not to offend her/spoil her mood.)

Key Collocations: Commonly paired with 'toru' (to butter up/humor someone) or 'naosu' (to recover one's mood). If someone is 'gokigen-naname,' they are literally 'mood-slanted,' meaning they are feeling grumpy or out of sorts.

Using 機嫌 correctly requires understanding the verbs that typically accompany it. It is not just a state of being; it is a state that can be influenced, damaged, or repaired by others. In a sentence, you will see it as the subject or object of specific action verbs that define social interactions.

Describing States: To say someone is in a good or bad mood, use 'kigen ga ii' or 'kigen ga warui.' For a more polite version when referring to someone else, add the honorific 'go' to make it 'gokigen.'

父は朝、いつも機嫌が悪い。(My father is always in a bad mood in the morning.)

When you want to describe the act of trying to please someone who is upset, the verb 'toru' (to take/capture) is used. 'Kigen o toru' means to humor someone or try to get back on their good side. This is a very common phrase in workplaces and families where harmony is prioritized.

彼は上司の機嫌を取るのが上手だ。(He is good at humoring his boss.)

Grammar Patterns: [Person] no kigen o [Verb]. For example: 'Kodomo no kigen o naosu' (To cheer up a child). Or [Person] wa kigen ga [Adjective]. For example: 'Kanojo wa kigen ga yosasou da' (She looks like she's in a good mood).

In Japan, 機嫌 is ubiquitous in everyday conversation because Japanese society places high value on monitoring the emotional state of those around you. You will hear it in the office, at home, in literature, and even in historical dramas.

In the Office: Coworkers often whisper to each other about the boss's 機嫌. 'Kyou wa shachou, gokigen naname da ne' (The president is in a bad mood today, isn't he?). This serves as a warning to avoid bringing up difficult topics or asking for leave.
At Home: Parents use it to describe their children's temperament. 'Aka-chan no kigen ga ii' means the baby is happy and not crying. Spouses might use it to describe each other's state after a long day at work.

ご機嫌いかがですか？ (How are you feeling? / How is your mood?) - A very formal greeting.

In media, you'll see characters who are 'gokigen' (happy/chirpy) often humming or skipping. Conversely, a 'kigen ga warui' character will be depicted with a dark cloud over their head or snapping at people. It's a key word for describing character dynamics and immediate emotional atmospheres.

For English speakers, the biggest challenge is distinguishing 機嫌 from other 'feeling' words like 気分 (kibun) and 気持ち (kimochi). Using them interchangeably is a common error that can lead to unnatural-sounding Japanese.

Kigen vs. Kibun: 'Kibun' refers to your internal state or physical wellness (e.g., 'I feel sick'). 'Kigen' is the outward mood. You wouldn't say 'Kigen ga warui' to mean 'I feel nauseous'; you would use 'Kibun ga warui.'
Usage with 'Watashi': While you can use 機嫌 for yourself, it's slightly more common to use it for others. If you say 'Watashi wa kigen ga warui,' it sounds like you are observing yourself objectively, almost like saying 'I am currently in a grumpy state' rather than just 'I am grumpy.'

❌ 気分が悪い (Kibun ga warui) - I feel sick.
✅ 機嫌が悪い (Kigen ga warui) - I am in a bad mood.

Another mistake is using 'kigen' to describe long-term personality. 機嫌 is temporary. To say someone is generally a grumpy person, you would use 'tanki' (short-tempered) or 'fukigen na hito.' Using 'kigen' implies it's just their state right now.

To truly master 機嫌, you must know its neighbors in the Japanese vocabulary of emotions. Depending on the nuance you want to convey, one of these might be more appropriate.

気分 (Kibun): Focuses on physical or psychological atmosphere. 'Kibun tenkan' means a change of pace or refreshing one's mood. It is more internal than 'kigen.'
情緒 (Joucho): Refers to emotion or 'atmosphere' in a more artistic or deep sense, like the 'joucho' of an old town or a person's emotional stability.
心地 (Kokochi): Refers to the feeling or sensation of something, like 'igo-kochi' (the feeling of being in a place/comfort).

Comparison:
機嫌がいい: Outwardly cheerful.
気分がいい: Feeling good/refreshed internally.
気持ちがいい: Feeling good physically (e.g., a nice breeze).

If you want to sound more sophisticated, you might use 'fukigen' (displeasure) instead of 'kigen ga warui.' If someone is extremely happy, you could say they are 'ue-kigen' (top mood). These variations help specify the intensity and formality of the description.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

In the Edo period, 'kigen' was used as a formal way to inquire about a superior's health, which is why we still use 'Gokigen-you' as a high-class greeting today.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /ki.ɡen/

US /ki.ɡɛn/

Atamadaka (Initial stress) - The pitch starts high on 'ki' and drops on 'gen'.

هم‌قافیه با

Shigen (resources) Kigen (deadline) Kigen (origin) Jigen (dimension) Igen (dignity) Sugen (strictness) Kigen (limit) Mugen (infinite)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'gen' like 'jen' (it should be a hard 'g').
Confusing the pitch with 'kigen' (deadline), which is Heiban (flat).
Making the 'i' in 'ki' too short.
Stressing the second syllable instead of the first.
Nasalizing the 'n' too much.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

The kanji are common but '嫌' has many strokes. Easy to recognize after a few times.

نوشتن 4/5

Writing '嫌' correctly requires attention to stroke order.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Easy to pronounce, but pitch accent is important to distinguish from 'deadline'.

گوش دادن 3/5

Common in conversation, though often said quickly.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

いい悪い心顔気

بعداً یاد بگیرید

気分気持ち態度表情雰囲気

پیشرفته

情緒心持ち機色安否

گرامر لازم

Adjective + Noun

機嫌がいい人 (A person in a good mood)

Honorific 'Go'

ご機嫌 (Polite form of mood)

Causative Form

機嫌を直させる (To make someone cheer up)

Potential Form

機嫌を直せる (Can cheer up)

Negative 'Fu-'

不機嫌 (Bad mood/displeasure)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

田中さんは機嫌がいいです。

Mr. Tanaka is in a good mood.

Simple [Noun] + [Particle] + [Adjective] structure.

猫は機嫌が悪いですね。

The cat is in a bad mood, isn't it?

Using 'ne' for confirmation.

お母さんは機嫌がいい。

Mom is in a good mood.

Casual form.

今日は機嫌が悪いですか？

Are you in a bad mood today?

Question form.

先生は機嫌がいいです。

The teacher is in a good mood.

Polite 'desu' form.

犬の機嫌がいい。

The dog is in a good mood.

Possessive 'no' with kigen.

赤ちゃんは機嫌がいい。

The baby is in a good mood.

Subject marker 'wa'.

機嫌がいいね！

You're in a good mood, huh!

Short casual exclamation.

ご機嫌いかがですか？

How are you feeling?

Honorific 'go' + 'ikaga' (how).

彼は機嫌を直しました。

He fixed his mood (cheered up).

Verb 'naosu' (to fix/repair).

妹は機嫌が悪そうです。

My sister looks like she's in a bad mood.

'-sou' (looks like).

ご機嫌よう。

Good day / Farewell.

Set formal greeting.

美味しいものを食べて、機嫌がよくなった。

I ate something delicious and my mood improved.

'-te' form for reason/sequence.

弟の機嫌を直したい。

I want to cheer up my younger brother.

'-tai' (want to).

部長はいつもご機嫌だ。

The manager is always in a good mood.

Polite honorific 'go'.

機嫌が悪いときは、一人になりたい。

When I'm in a bad mood, I want to be alone.

'Toki' (when) clause.

上司の機嫌を取るのは疲れます。

It's tiring to humor the boss.

Phrase 'kigen o toru' (to humor/butter up).

彼女の機嫌を損ねてしまった。

I accidentally spoiled her mood.

'-te shimau' (unintentional action).

不機嫌な顔をしないでください。

Please don't make a grumpy face.

'Fukigen' (negative prefix 'fu').

彼は機嫌がいいと、よく歌を歌う。

When he's in a good mood, he often sings songs.

Conditional 'to' (whenever).

妻の機嫌を伺う。

To see how my wife is feeling (testing the waters).

'Kigen o ukagau' (to check someone's mood).

機嫌一つで仕事の効率が変わる。

Work efficiency changes based on one's mood.

'Hitotsu de' (based on just...).

彼は上機嫌で部屋を出て行った。

He left the room in high spirits.

'Ue-kigen' (great mood).

機嫌を直してもらうためにプレゼントを買った。

I bought a gift to get them to cheer up.

'-te morau' (to have someone do something).

今日は奥さんのご機嫌斜めだね。

Your wife is in a bit of a cranky mood today, isn't she?

Idiom 'gokigen-naname'.

誰の機嫌も損ねることなく、会議を終えた。

The meeting ended without offending anyone's mood.

'Koto naku' (without doing...).

彼は自分の機嫌をコントロールするのが下手だ。

He is bad at controlling his own mood.

Nominalizer 'no'.

彼女は機嫌を直すと、いつものように話し始めた。

Once she cheered up, she started talking as usual.

Conditional 'to' for sequential action.

周囲の機嫌を伺いすぎて、自分が疲れてしまった。

I got tired from worrying too much about everyone else's mood.

'-sugiru' (too much).

機嫌を損なうような発言は控えなさい。

Refrain from making remarks that might cause offense.

Imperative 'nasai'.

社長は上機嫌でボーナスの話を始めた。

The president started talking about bonuses in a great mood.

'Ue-kigen' (high spirits).

子供の機嫌を取るために、おもちゃを買い与えた。

I bought and gave toys to the child to humor them.

Compound verb 'kai-ataeru'.

彼の不機嫌な態度は、チームの士気に悪影響を及ぼした。

His grumpy attitude had a negative impact on the team's morale.

Formal 'oyobosu' (to exert/cause).

老舗の主人の機嫌を損ねると、二度と店に入れてもらえない。

If you offend the owner of an old establishment, you'll never be allowed back.

Conditional 'to' + passive 'irete moraeru'.

彼女は機嫌の良し悪しが顔に出やすいタイプだ。

She is the type whose good or bad mood easily shows on her face.

'Yoshi-ashi' (good or bad).

機嫌を取ろうとする彼の魂胆は見え透いている。

His ulterior motive in trying to humor people is transparent.

'Miesuita' (transparent/obvious).

周囲の機嫌を伺いながら生きるのは、あまりに窮屈だ。

Living while constantly checking others' moods is far too stifling.

'Kyuukutsu' (stifling/tight).

上司の機嫌を損ねないよう、言葉を選んで報告した。

I chose my words carefully to report without offending the boss.

'You ni' (in order to/so that).

機嫌を直したかと思えば、またすぐに怒り出す。

Just when you think he's cheered up, he starts getting angry again.

'ka to omoeba' (no sooner than...).

ご機嫌麗しゅうございます。

You are looking/feeling most wonderful (extremely formal).

Archaic/High-honorific 'uruwashuu'.

機嫌という言葉の裏には、他者との調和を重んじる日本的感性が潜んでいる。

Behind the word 'kigen' lies a Japanese sensibility that values harmony with others.

Abstract philosophical statement.

万機公論に決すべしというが、現実は一部の権力者の機嫌一つで決まることも多い。

They say public affairs should be decided by public discussion, but in reality, they are often decided by the whim of a few powerful people.

Reference to the Charter Oath of 1868.

彼女の機嫌を損ねることは、文字通り「虎の尾を踏む」に等しい行為だ。

Offending her is literally equivalent to 'treading on a tiger's tail.'

Idiom 'tora no o o fumu'.

ご機嫌伺いに奔走する官僚たちの姿は、滑稽ですらある。

The sight of bureaucrats scrambling to curry favor is almost comical.

'Gokigen-ukagai' (paying respects/currying favor).

世間の機嫌を損ねぬよう、企業はSNSでの発信に細心の注意を払っている。

Companies pay meticulous attention to their social media posts to avoid offending the public's mood.

Negative 'nu' form (archaic/formal).

機嫌という不安定な指標に、組織の運命を委ねるべきではない。

The fate of an organization should not be entrusted to the unstable metric of 'mood'.

Causative/Passive potential 'yudaneru'.

彼は機嫌が良かろうが悪かろうが、態度は常に一定だ。

Whether he is in a good mood or bad, his attitude remains constant.

Volitional + 'ga' structure for 'regardless'.

ご機嫌麗しきお姿を拝見し、恐悦至極に存じます。

I am extremely delighted to see you looking so well (hyper-polite).

Keigo (Kenjougo/Sonkeigo) combination.

ترکیب‌های رایج

機嫌がいい

機嫌が悪い

機嫌を取る

機嫌を直す

機嫌を損ねる

上機嫌

不機嫌

機嫌を伺う

機嫌斜め

機嫌よく

عبارات رایج

ご機嫌よう

— A very formal greeting meaning 'How do you do' or 'Farewell.'

皆様、ご機嫌よう。

ご機嫌いかがですか

— A polite way to ask 'How are you?' or 'How is your mood/health?'

お久しぶりです。ご機嫌いかがですか？

機嫌が直る

— To return to a good mood after being upset.

お菓子をあげたら、子供の機嫌が直った。

機嫌を害する

— To offend someone (formal).

お客様の機嫌を害してしまった。

機嫌を損なう

— To spoil someone's mood or offend them.

不用意な一言で機嫌を損なう。

機嫌が直らない

— To remain in a bad mood despite efforts.

謝っても機嫌が直らない。

機嫌がいい証拠

— A sign that someone is in a good mood.

鼻歌は機嫌がいい証拠だ。

機嫌取り

— A person who flatters or the act of flattering.

彼は機嫌取りが上手い。

機嫌を直させる

— To make someone cheer up (causative).

どうやって彼女の機嫌を直させようか。

機嫌に左右される

— To be influenced by someone's mood.

仕事の成果が機嫌に左右される。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

機嫌 vs 期限 (Kigen)

Pronounced the same but means 'deadline'.

機嫌 vs 起源 (Kigen)

Pronounced the same but means 'origin'.

機嫌 vs 気分 (Kibun)

Often confused by learners; kibun is internal, kigen is external.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"ご機嫌斜め"

— To be in a bad mood, cranky, or grumpy (lit. 'mood is slanted').

今日は課長のご機嫌斜めだから気をつけよう。

Neutral/Common

"機嫌を伺う"

— To test the waters or see how someone is feeling before acting.

顔色を見て機嫌を伺う。

Neutral

"上機嫌で"

— In high spirits or a very good mood.

彼は上機嫌で歌っている。

Neutral

"機嫌を損ねる"

— To step on someone's toes or make them angry/upset.

不用意な発言で機嫌を損ねた。

Neutral

"機嫌一つで"

— Depending entirely on someone's mood.

彼の機嫌一つで予定が変わる。

Neutral

"機嫌を取る"

— To curry favor or humor someone to keep them happy.

上司の機嫌を取るのに必死だ。

Neutral

"機嫌を直す"

— To recover one's good mood.

美味しいものを食べて機嫌を直した。

Neutral

"機嫌を直させる"

— To successfully cheer someone up.

プレゼントで機嫌を直させた。

Neutral

"機嫌の良し悪し"

— The state of being in a good or bad mood.

機嫌の良し悪しが激しい人だ。

Neutral

"機嫌が悪い"

— To be out of sorts or grumpy.

朝はいつも機嫌が悪い。

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

機嫌 vs 気分 (Kibun)

Both translate to 'mood' or 'feeling'.

Kibun is internal and physical (e.g., feeling sick). Kigen is external and social (e.g., acting grumpy).

気分が悪い (I feel sick) vs. 機嫌が悪い (I am in a bad mood).

機嫌 vs 気持ち (Kimochi)

Both relate to feelings.

Kimochi is a general sensation or a long-term feeling toward someone. Kigen is a temporary state.

気持ちがいい (It feels good) vs. 機嫌がいい (He is in a good mood).

機嫌 vs 情緒 (Joucho)

Both mean emotion/mood.

Joucho is more about the atmosphere of a place or deep emotional stability. Kigen is simpler.

下町の情緒 (Atmosphere of downtown).

機嫌 vs 態度 (Taido)

Mood and attitude are related.

Taido is 'attitude'—how you behave. Kigen is the 'mood' causing that behavior.

悪い態度 (Bad attitude).

機嫌 vs 体調 (Taichou)

Kigen can sometimes mean health.

Taichou is specifically physical condition. Kigen is mental/emotional.

体調が悪い (I am physically unwell).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Person] は機嫌がいい。

お父さんは機嫌がいい。

[Person] の機嫌を直す。

友達の機嫌を直す。

[Person] の機嫌を取る。

上司の機嫌を取る。

[Person] の機嫌を損ねる。

彼女の機嫌を損ねる。

ご機嫌斜めだ。

今日はご機嫌斜めだね。

機嫌を伺う。

顔色を見て機嫌を伺う。

機嫌の良し悪し。

機嫌の良し悪しが激しい。

機嫌に左右される。

感情の機嫌に左右される。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

不機嫌 (Fukigen - displeasure)

上機嫌 (Uekigen - high spirits)

فعل‌ها

機嫌を取る (Kigen o toru - to humor)

機嫌を損ねる (Kigen o sokoneru - to offend)

صفت‌ها

機嫌がいい (Kigen ga ii - good-mooded)

機嫌が悪い (Kigen ga warui - bad-mooded)

مرتبط

気分 (Kibun)

気持ち (Kimochi)

顔色 (Kaoiro)

態度 (Taido)

情緒 (Joucho)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very common in daily life and business.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'kigen ga warui' for physical illness. → Kibun ga warui.
Kigen is for mood/temper; Kibun is for physical/internal feeling.
Saying 'Kigen o suru'. → Kigen o toru.
The verb for humoring someone is 'toru' (to take), not 'suru' (to do).
Writing '期限' when you mean mood. → 機嫌
期限 means deadline. They are homophones.
Using 'kigen' for a permanent personality trait. → Tanki (short-tempered) or Okorippoi.
Kigen is a temporary state, not a long-term personality.
Forgetting the honorific 'go' with a boss. → Buchou, gokigen ga yosasou desu ne.
It's polite to use 'go' for others' moods, especially superiors.

نکات

Reading the Air

Always check the 'kigen' of your boss before asking for a day off. It is considered a basic social skill in Japan.

Particle Choice

Use 'ga' with 'ii' and 'warui' (Kigen ga ii) but use 'o' with actions (Kigen o toru).

Politeness

Add 'go' (Gokigen) when referring to a superior's mood to show respect.

Pitch Accent

Remember to stress the first syllable 'ki' to avoid confusing it with 'deadline'.

Cheering Up

Use 'Kigen naoshite' to gently ask a friend to stop being upset.

Kanji Practice

The kanji 嫌 is also used in 'kirai' (dislike). Connect the two in your mind!

Context Clues

If someone is humming, they are likely 'ue-kigen'.

Avoid Confusion

Don't use 'kigen' when you mean you feel physically sick; use 'kibun' instead.

Key-Gen

Think of a 'Key' for a 'Generator' of smiles.

Greetings

'Gokigen-you' is the ultimate polite greeting for learners wanting to sound refined.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of a 'Key' (ki) that opens a 'Generator' (gen) of moods. If the key turns easily, the kigen is good!

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person with a giant emoji floating over their head. That emoji is their 'kigen'—the visible part of their mood.

شبکه واژگان

Mood Temper Health Humor Vibe Face Harmony Atmosphere

چالش

Try to observe three people today and describe their 'kigen' in Japanese: 'A-san wa kigen ga ii,' etc.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from Buddhist terminology. 'Ki' (機) refers to opportunity or mechanism, and 'Gen' (嫌) refers to dislike, suspicion, or evaluation. Originally, it meant the 'opportunity for others to evaluate or dislike one's behavior.'

معنای اصلی: The state of one's reputation or how one is perceived by others based on their actions and health.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when telling someone they are in a bad 'kigen' (Kigen warui ne), as it can be seen as accusatory or rude unless you are close.

English speakers often use 'mood' for both internal and external states. In Japanese, use 'kibun' for 'I feel' and 'kigen' for 'They look/seem.'

Gokigen-you (TV show) The Tale of Genji (early uses of the concept) Anime tropes of 'Ojou-sama' saying Gokigen-you

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

At Home

機嫌を直して
子供の機嫌がいい
パパは機嫌が悪い
機嫌よく遊ぶ

At the Office

部長の機嫌を取る
機嫌を損ねる
ご機嫌斜め
機嫌を伺う

With Friends

機嫌がいいね
どうして不機嫌なの？
機嫌直そうよ
上機嫌だね

Customer Service

お客様のご機嫌
機嫌を害する
ご機嫌いかがですか
丁寧な機嫌伺い

Self-Reflection

自分の機嫌
機嫌をコントロールする
機嫌が良くない
機嫌がいい証拠

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"今日はなんだか機嫌がよさそうですね。何かいいことあったんですか？"

"上司の機嫌が悪いとき、あなたならどうしますか？"

"どうすれば不機嫌な人の機嫌を直せると思いますか？"

"自分の機嫌を自分で取るために、何かしていることはありますか？"

"朝起きたとき、いつも機嫌がいい方ですか？"

موضوعات نگارش

今日の自分の機嫌はどうでしたか？その理由も書いてみましょう。

最近、誰かの機嫌を取らなければならなかった時のことを思い出して書いてください。

「機嫌」と「気分」の違いについて、自分の言葉で説明してみましょう。

あなたが一番上機嫌になるのはどんな時ですか？

不機嫌な人が周りにいるとき、あなたはどう感じますか？

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Yes, but it's slightly less common than using it for others. Saying 'Watashi wa kigen ga ii' sounds like you are observing your own mood objectively. Usually, people just say 'Ureshii' (I'm happy) or 'Kibun ga ii'.

'Kigen o toru' means to humor someone to make them feel better. 'Goma o suru' means to flatter someone (brown-nose) specifically to get something for yourself.

It is rare in daily life. It's used in very high-class circles, traditional arts, or by 'rich girl' characters in anime. However, it's a very polite greeting.

You can say 'Kigen o naoshite' (Please fix your mood/cheer up) or 'Sonna ni fukigen ni naranaide' (Don't be so displeased).

Mostly, yes. It describes the immediate emotional state. However, in formal contexts, it can also encompass one's general health.

'Ue-kigen' (上機嫌) means to be in an exceptionally good mood, often visibly happy or whistling.

No, it is only used for living beings (humans and sometimes animals).

The most common opposite is 'kigen ga warui' or 'fukigen'.

It is written as 機嫌. The first kanji is 'ki' (machine/opportunity) and the second is 'gen' (dislike).

Because Japanese society values 'Wa' (harmony), being able to read and manage the 'kigen' of others is essential for smooth social interactions.

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