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A2 conjunction #1,000 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

게다가

gedaga رتبه 1,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 게다가 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 게다가 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are just starting to connect simple sentences. '게다가' (gedaga) is like a special 'and' that means 'and also' or 'plus.' You use it when you want to say two good things or two bad things about something. For example, if you like a fruit, you can say 'It is sweet. 게다가 it is cheap.' It helps you make your sentences longer and more interesting. Think of it as adding a 'bonus' fact to what you already said. At this stage, just focus on putting it at the start of your second sentence. It is a great way to show that you know more than just the word 'and' (그리고). Remember to use it when both things you are saying are similar—either both are happy things or both are sad things. This makes your Korean sound much more natural even as a beginner.

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At the A2 level, you can use '게다가' to provide reasons or descriptions in a more organized way. Instead of just listing facts, you are starting to build a small argument or a detailed description. For instance, when describing a person, you might say they are tall and '게다가' handsome. A key tip for A2 learners is to try using the particle '-도' (also) in the sentence that follows '게다가.' For example: '날씨가 추워요. 게다가 바람도 불어요' (The weather is cold. Moreover, the wind is blowing too). This '-도' makes the connection much stronger. You will find this word very useful when you are shopping (explaining why you like a product) or talking about your day (listing things that happened). It helps you move from isolated sentences to a more connected way of speaking.

At the B1 level, '게다가' becomes a tool for more nuanced expression and persuasion. You should be able to use it to stack points in a logical sequence to convince someone or to explain a complex situation. For example, in a work context, you might explain why a project is difficult by saying the deadline is short and '게다가' the budget is small. You should also start recognizing the mid-sentence version: '-(으)ㄴ/는 데다가.' For example, '바쁜 데다가 피곤해요' (I'm busy and on top of that, I'm tired). At this level, you should also be careful not to use '게다가' for contrasting ideas; it should only be used for cumulative addition. It's an excellent word for making your spoken Korean sound more cohesive and your written Korean sound more structured.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use '게다가' with precision in various registers. You should understand the subtle differences between '게다가,' '또한,' and '더구나.' While '게다가' is versatile, you might choose '또한' for a formal report or '더구나' to emphasize an even more extreme second point. You can use '게다가' to develop complex paragraphs where you layer multiple pieces of evidence to support a thesis. For example, when discussing social issues like the declining birth rate, you might list economic factors and then use '게다가' to introduce cultural shifts. Your usage should feel natural and effortless, and you should be able to identify when a native speaker is using it to add emotional weight to their statement, such as in a complaint or a glowing recommendation.

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At the C1 level, '게다가' is part of your advanced rhetorical toolkit. You use it to manage the flow of discourse, ensuring that your transitions are smooth and your arguments are logically sound. You can use it to create a 'climactic' effect, where the second point added by '게다가' is the most important or decisive one. In high-level writing, you might use it to connect complex clauses that involve abstract concepts. You should also be fully comfortable with its literary counterparts like '더욱이' and '아울러,' knowing exactly when to swap '게다가' for a more formal alternative to match the tone of your text. Your mastery of '게다가' allows you to construct sophisticated narratives and persuasive speeches that feel both authoritative and naturally Korean.

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At the C2 level, your use of '게다가' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You use it not just to add information, but to manipulate the pace and emphasis of your communication. You understand the deep pragmatic functions of the word—how it can be used to imply irony, to soften a blow, or to build a powerful rhetorical crescendo. You can analyze its use in classical literature or modern political discourse, recognizing how it functions as a discourse marker that shapes the listener's expectations. Whether you are engaging in a heated debate, writing a philosophical treatise, or delivering a formal lecture, '게다가' is used with perfect timing and context, serving as a seamless link in your complex web of thought.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

게다가 در ۳۰ ثانیه

게다가 is a conjunctive adverb meaning 'moreover' or 'besides,' used to add reinforcing information to a previous statement in both speech and writing.
It must connect ideas with the same logical polarity (positive to positive, or negative to negative) to maintain natural flow and coherence.
The second clause following 게다가 often utilizes the particle '-도' (also) to emphasize the additive relationship between the two connected points.
It is versatile across formality levels, being common in casual chats, professional reports, news broadcasts, and high-level academic or literary texts.

The Korean word 게다가 (gedaga) is a powerful conjunctive adverb that translates most closely to "moreover," "besides," "in addition," or "on top of that." In the landscape of Korean grammar, it serves as a bridge between two independent thoughts where the second thought adds a layer of significance, weight, or intensity to the first. It is not merely a neutral "and" (like 그리고); rather, it carries a rhetorical punch that suggests the speaker is building a case or emphasizing a cumulative effect. Whether you are complaining about a series of unfortunate events or praising someone's multifaceted talents, 게다가 is your go-to tool for stacking information.

Semantic Weight: Unlike simple connectors, 게다가 implies that the information following it is an additional reason or a supplementary fact that reinforces the preceding statement. It often carries an emotional nuance of surprise, frustration, or admiration.

비가 많이 와요. 게다가 바람도 세게 불어요. (It is raining a lot. Moreover, the wind is blowing hard.)

People use this word in various social contexts. In a casual setting, you might hear a friend saying, "The food at that restaurant was expensive, and besides, it didn't even taste good." Here, 게다가 emphasizes the disappointment. In a professional setting, a manager might say, "The project was completed on time; furthermore, we stayed under budget." In this case, it highlights success. The versatility of the word lies in its ability to adapt to both positive and negative connotations, provided that the second point follows the same logical direction as the first.

Logical Consistency: It is crucial to remember that 게다가 connects thoughts of the same polarity. If the first sentence is negative, the second should also be negative. If the first is positive, the second should follow suit.

그는 똑똑해요. 게다가 아주 친절해요. (He is smart. Moreover, he is very kind.)

In terms of frequency, 게다가 is ubiquitous in both spoken and written Korean. It appears in news reports to list multiple factors of a situation, in literature to describe a character's traits, and in daily conversation to justify decisions or express opinions. It is a fundamental building block for moving beyond simple sentences into more complex, cohesive discourse. By mastering 게다가, learners can transition from sounding like they are listing isolated facts to sounding like they are constructing a coherent narrative or argument.

Formality and Register: While perfectly acceptable in polite conversation (해요체), it is also frequently used in formal writing and speeches. It is slightly more formal than '거기다가' but less stiff than '아울러' or '또한'.

길이 막혀요. 게다가 기름도 떨어졌어요. (The road is blocked. Moreover, I've run out of gas.)

Using 게다가 correctly requires an understanding of sentence structure and logical flow. In Korean, 게다가 typically appears at the beginning of the second sentence or clause to link it to the first. It acts as a signal to the listener that more information is coming. Structurally, it is quite simple because it does not require any complex conjugation of the words around it; it stands alone as a conjunctive adverb.

Sentence Placement: Sentence 1. 게다가 Sentence 2. This is the most common pattern. Sentence 1 establishes the context, and Sentence 2 adds the 'extra' information.

이 옷은 디자인이 예뻐요. 게다가 가격도 저렴해요. (This clothing has a pretty design. Moreover, the price is also cheap.)

One of the most important grammatical patterns associated with 게다가 is the use of the particle -도 (also/too) in the following clause. While not strictly mandatory, using -도 makes the sentence sound much more natural and emphasizes the additive relationship. For example, instead of saying "게다가 가격이 저렴해요," saying "게다가 가격도 저렴해요" flows better and highlights that the price is another good thing in addition to the design.

The Role of '-도': The particle '-도' replaces subject markers (이/가) or object markers (을/를) in the second sentence to reinforce the sense of 'addition' that 게다가 introduces.

그는 키가 큰 데다가 잘생겼어요. (He is tall, and on top of that, he is handsome.)

When constructing arguments, 게다가 can be used to stack evidence. Imagine you are trying to convince a friend to watch a movie. You might say, "The acting is great. Moreover, the soundtrack is amazing. Besides, it's only 90 minutes long." In Korean, you would use 게다가 to transition between these points. It creates a sense of momentum, making your argument feel more persuasive as you pile on the benefits.

Nuance of 'Cumulative Impact': Use 게다가 when the second point is not just a separate fact, but one that contributes to a single overall impression (e.g., 'why this person is great' or 'why this day is bad').

숙제가 많아요. 게다가 시험 공부도 해야 해요. (I have a lot of homework. Moreover, I have to study for exams too.)

Finally, consider the formality. In very formal writing, you might see 또한 (ttohan) or 더욱이 (deougi), but 게다가 remains the most versatile and common choice for standard polite speech. It bridges the gap between the overly casual and the stiffly formal, making it an essential part of any Korean learner's vocabulary.

If you spend any time immersed in Korean media or daily life, you will encounter 게다가 constantly. It is a staple of natural communication. One of the most common places to hear it is in K-Dramas, particularly during scenes of conflict or high emotion. A character might be listing the reasons why they are breaking up with someone or why they are so stressed at work. "You're always late, you never listen, and moreover, you lied to me!" The use of 게다가 here emphasizes the 'final straw' or the cumulative weight of the grievances.

In Daily Conversation: Friends use it to share news or gossip. "I heard she got a promotion, and 게다가 she's getting married next month!" It adds a sense of 'wait, there's more!' to the conversation.

요즘 너무 바빠요. 게다가 몸도 좀 안 좋아요. (I'm so busy lately. Moreover, I'm not feeling very well.)

Another frequent setting is News and Documentaries. News anchors use 게다가 to connect different aspects of a developing story. For instance, when reporting on a storm, they might say, "The heavy rain has caused flooding. Moreover, strong winds have led to power outages in several districts." In this context, it functions as a professional transition that helps the audience understand the multiple facets of a single event. It provides a logical structure to the information being presented.

In Marketing and Sales: Home shopping channels and advertisements love this word. "This vacuum is powerful. Moreover, it's incredibly quiet! And besides, if you buy now, you get a 20% discount!" It is used to stack benefits and create a sense of value.

이 핸드폰은 카메라가 좋아요. 게다가 배터리도 오래 가요. (This phone has a good camera. Moreover, the battery lasts a long time.)

In Academic and Professional Writing, 게다가 is used to build arguments. In an essay about climate change, a writer might state, "Rising temperatures are melting the ice caps. Moreover, this leads to a rise in sea levels that threatens coastal cities." Here, it shows a causal or additive relationship between two critical points. Even in high-level literature, authors use it to describe settings or characters in a way that feels layered and rich. It is a word that transcends social class and context, appearing wherever there is a need to add more to the story.

Variety Shows: In Korean variety shows (like Running Man or Knowing Bros), cast members use 게다가 to jokingly pile on 'insults' or 'praises' for each other, often for comedic effect.

그 영화는 스토리가 탄탄해요. 게다가 영상미도 뛰어나요. (That movie has a solid story. Moreover, the visual beauty is also outstanding.)

While 게다가 is relatively straightforward, learners often fall into a few common traps. The most frequent mistake is using it to connect two ideas that have opposing logical directions. Remember, 게다가 is for addition, not contrast. You cannot say, "The food was delicious; moreover, it was too expensive." In English, we would use "but" or "however." In Korean, if the first part is positive and the second is negative, you must use 하지만 (hajiman) or 그런데 (geureonde).

Mistake 1: Misaligned Polarity: Incorrect: "그는 똑똑해요. 게다가 성격이 나빠요." (He is smart. Moreover, he has a bad personality.) -> This feels logically jarring in Korean.

Correct: 그는 똑똑해요. 하지만 성격이 나빠요. (He is smart. But he has a bad personality.)

Another common error is confusing 게다가 with 그래서 (geuraeseo - so/therefore). 그래서 indicates a cause-and-effect relationship, while 게다가 simply adds more information. If you say, "It rained, moreover I stayed home," it implies staying home is just an extra fact. If you mean you stayed home because it rained, you must use 그래서. Learners often mix these up when they want to show a sequence of events.

Mistake 2: Addition vs. Causality: Do not use 게다가 when the second sentence is a direct result of the first. Use it only when the second sentence provides a separate, additional point.

Incorrect: 배가 고파요. 게다가 밥을 먹었어요. (I'm hungry. Moreover, I ate food.) -> This makes no sense logically.

Finally, some learners forget to use the particle -도 in the second clause. While the sentence is technically grammatically correct without it, it often sounds "stiff" or "unnatural" to native speakers. For example, "게다가 비가 와요" sounds a bit like a textbook, whereas "게다가 비도 와요" sounds like natural, flowing speech. The -도 particle acts as a semantic anchor for the addition introduced by 게다가.

Mistake 3: Omitting '-도': While not a hard rule, failing to use '-도' in the second clause is a missed opportunity to sound more fluent and natural.

Better: 길이 미끄러워요. 게다가 안개도 꼈어요. (The road is slippery. Moreover, it's foggy too.)

Korean has several ways to say "moreover" or "in addition," and choosing the right one depends on the level of formality and the specific nuance you want to convey. 게다가 is the most common and versatile, but understanding its alternatives will help you sound more sophisticated and precise.

또한 (Ttohan): Meaning: "Also" or "Furthermore." It is more formal than 게다가 and is frequently used in written reports, essays, and news broadcasts. It is more neutral and less likely to carry an emotional tone.
더구나 (Deoguna): Meaning: "Moreover" or "Even more so." It is often used when the second point is even more surprising or extreme than the first. It frequently appears in negative contexts (e.g., "It was already bad, and 더구나 this happened").
거기다가 (Geogidaga): Meaning: "On top of that." This is a more colloquial, spoken version of 게다가. It literally means "on that place/point." It is very common in casual conversation among friends.

Comparison:
1. 게다가: Standard, versatile.
2. 또한: Formal, written.
3. 거기다가: Casual, spoken.

Another important alternative is the grammar pattern -(으)ㄴ/는 데다가. This is essentially the mid-sentence version of 게다가. Instead of ending the first sentence and starting a new one with 게다가, you can combine them into one fluid sentence. For example, "그는 친절한 데다가 똑똑해요" (He is kind, and on top of that, smart). This is a great way to improve the flow of your Korean and sound more like a native speaker.

뿐만 아니라 (Ppunman Anira): Meaning: "Not only... but also." This is a slightly more complex structure that emphasizes that the first point is not the only thing to consider. It is very common in both speech and writing when you want to be more emphatic.

그는 노래를 잘해요. 뿐만 아니라 춤도 잘 춰요. (He sings well. Not only that, but he also dances well.)

Lastly, there is 더욱이 (deougi), which is a literary and formal way to say "furthermore" or "moreover." You will mostly see this in books or formal speeches. It adds a sense of gravity to the addition. By knowing these different options, you can tailor your Korean to the specific situation, whether you're writing a formal essay, giving a presentation, or just hanging out with Korean friends.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

Even though it's a single word now, its components reveal its logical roots: taking one 'thing' (게) and 'moving' or 'adding' (다가) to the next point.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /ɡe̞.da.ɡa/

US /ɡeɪ.dɑ.ɡɑ/

Korean is not a stress-timed language. Each syllable (게, 다, 가) should be pronounced with equal emphasis and duration.

هم‌قافیه با

다가 (daga) 나가 (naga) 사가 (saga) 자가 (jaga) 차가 (chaga) 타가 (taga) 파가 (paga) 하가 (haga)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing the 'g' too harshly like a 'k'.
Stressing the first syllable too much.
Making the 'e' sound like 'ee' (gi-da-ga).
Mumbling the final 'ga' syllable.
Speaking it too fast without a pause before it.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

Easy to recognize in text as it usually starts a sentence.

نوشتن 3/5

Requires understanding of logical flow and polarity.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Natural usage involves pairing with '-도', which takes practice.

گوش دادن 2/5

Clear pronunciation makes it easy to catch in speech.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

그리고 (and) 하지만 (but) 또한 (also) 것 (thing) 도 (also - particle)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

더구나 (moreover - emphatic) 뿐만 아니라 (not only but also) -(으)ㄴ/는 데다가 (grammar pattern) 설상가상 (idiom) 금상첨화 (idiom)

پیشرفته

아울러 (in addition - formal) 더욱이 (furthermore - literary) 하물며 (let alone/much more) 하물며 ... 이랴 (rhetorical pattern)

گرامر لازم

The particle '-도' (also)

게다가 비도 와요.

-(으)ㄴ/는 데다가 (mid-sentence conjunction)

예쁜 데다가 착해요.

뿐만 아니라 (not only... but also)

그는 똑똑할 뿐만 아니라 친절하다.

-(으)ㄹ 뿐더러 (not only... but also - formal)

그는 노래를 잘할 뿐더러 춤도 잘 춘다.

-(으)ㄴ/는 데 (background setting)

날씨가 추운데 게다가 바람도 분다.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

한국어는 재미있어요. 게다가 쉬워요.

Korean is fun. Moreover, it's easy.

게다가 is used here to add a second positive trait to the Korean language.

이 사과는 빨개요. 게다가 달아요.

This apple is red. Moreover, it is sweet.

Simple addition of two adjectives describing a noun.

오늘은 날씨가 좋아요. 게다가 따뜻해요.

Today the weather is good. Moreover, it is warm.

Connecting two positive weather descriptions.

그 가방은 예뻐요. 게다가 싸요.

That bag is pretty. Moreover, it is cheap.

Adding a practical benefit (price) to an aesthetic one (design).

제 친구는 키가 커요. 게다가 멋있어요.

My friend is tall. Moreover, he is cool.

Describing a person with two positive physical/personality traits.

이 식당은 깨끗해요. 게다가 맛있어요.

This restaurant is clean. Moreover, it is delicious.

Adding a quality of service/environment to the quality of food.

공부는 힘들어요. 게다가 지루해요.

Studying is hard. Moreover, it is boring.

Connecting two negative feelings about an activity.

영화가 길어요. 게다가 슬퍼요.

The movie is long. Moreover, it is sad.

Adding an emotional description to a physical one (length).

길이 너무 막혀요. 게다가 비도 오고 있어요.

The road is very crowded. Moreover, it is raining too.

Note the use of '-도' (also) with '비' to emphasize addition.

이 노트북은 가벼워요. 게다가 성능도 좋아요.

This laptop is light. Moreover, its performance is also good.

Adding a technical benefit to a physical one.

그는 영어를 잘해요. 게다가 한국어도 할 줄 알아요.

He speaks English well. Moreover, he also knows how to speak Korean.

Listing language skills using '게다가' and '-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다'.

숙제가 너무 많아요. 게다가 시험도 내일이에요.

I have too much homework. Moreover, the exam is tomorrow too.

Adding a time-sensitive pressure to a workload pressure.

이 공원은 조용해요. 게다가 경치도 아주 예뻐요.

This park is quiet. Moreover, the scenery is very pretty too.

Describing the atmosphere and visual appeal of a place.

커피가 너무 써요. 게다가 식었어요.

The coffee is too bitter. Moreover, it has gone cold.

Adding a temperature issue to a taste issue.

그 가수는 노래를 잘해요. 게다가 춤도 잘 춰요.

That singer sings well. Moreover, they dance well too.

Listing multiple talents of a performer.

어제는 잠을 못 잤어요. 게다가 아침부터 바빴어요.

I couldn't sleep yesterday. Moreover, I've been busy since morning.

Connecting a past condition with a current situation.

그 회사는 월급이 많아요. 게다가 복지 혜택도 훌륭해요.

That company pays a high salary. Moreover, the welfare benefits are also excellent.

Connecting financial benefits with non-financial perks.

이 도시는 교통이 편리해요. 게다가 물가도 저렴한 편이에요.

This city has convenient transportation. Moreover, the cost of living is on the cheaper side.

Using '게다가' to list reasons why a city is livable.

그 배우는 연기력이 뛰어나요. 게다가 목소리도 정말 좋아요.

That actor has outstanding acting skills. Moreover, their voice is really good too.

Focusing on specific professional attributes.

감기에 걸려서 머리가 아파요. 게다가 열도 많이 나요.

I have a cold, so my head hurts. Moreover, I have a high fever too.

Listing symptoms of an illness.

이 스마트폰은 디자인이 세련됐어요. 게다가 카메라도 전문가 수준이에요.

This smartphone has a sophisticated design. Moreover, the camera is professional-grade.

Using '게다가' to highlight premium features.

그는 성격이 밝아요. 게다가 유머 감각도 풍부해요.

He has a bright personality. Moreover, he has a rich sense of humor too.

Describing positive social traits.

요즘은 취업하기가 힘들어요. 게다가 경쟁도 아주 치열해요.

It's hard to find a job these days. Moreover, the competition is very fierce too.

Discussing a difficult social or economic situation.

이 책은 내용이 알차요. 게다가 그림도 많이 들어 있어서 읽기 편해요.

This book has substantial content. Moreover, it contains many pictures, so it's easy to read.

Adding a structural benefit to a content benefit.

그 정책은 경제 성장에 기여할 것입니다. 게다가 고용 창출 효과도 클 것으로 기대됩니다.

That policy will contribute to economic growth. Moreover, it is expected to have a significant job creation effect.

Formal usage in a political or economic context.

이 신제품은 친환경 소재를 사용했습니다. 게다가 에너지 효율도 매우 높습니다.

This new product uses eco-friendly materials. Moreover, its energy efficiency is also very high.

Highlighting corporate social responsibility and technical specs.

그 작가는 문체가 매우 독특해요. 게다가 사회 비판적인 메시지도 강렬하게 전달하죠.

That writer has a very unique style. Moreover, they also powerfully deliver social-critical messages.

Analyzing literary style and thematic content.

도시화가 진행되면서 녹지가 줄어들고 있어요. 게다가 대기 오염도 심각해지는 상황입니다.

As urbanization progresses, green spaces are decreasing. Moreover, air pollution is becoming a serious situation.

Discussing environmental degradation using '게다가'.

그 후보는 행정 경험이 풍부합니다. 게다가 시민들과의 소통 능력도 탁월하다는 평가를 받습니다.

That candidate has rich administrative experience. Moreover, they are evaluated as having excellent communication skills with citizens.

Evaluating a public figure's qualifications.

인터넷의 발달로 정보 접근성이 좋아졌어요. 게다가 지식 공유의 장도 넓어졌죠.

With the development of the internet, information accessibility has improved. Moreover, the space for knowledge sharing has also expanded.

Discussing technological progress and its social impact.

이 지역은 관광 자원이 풍부해요. 게다가 최근에는 한류 열풍으로 외국인 관광객도 급증하고 있어요.

This region has rich tourism resources. Moreover, recently, foreign tourists are surging due to the Hallyu wave.

Connecting local assets with global cultural trends.

운동은 체력을 길러줍니다. 게다가 스트레스 해소에도 큰 도움이 됩니다.

Exercise builds physical strength. Moreover, it is a great help in relieving stress.

Listing physical and mental benefits of an activity.

이 이론은 기존의 가설을 뒤엎는 획기적인 발견입니다. 게다가 학계 전반에 걸쳐 새로운 논의를 불러일으키고 있습니다.

This theory is a groundbreaking discovery that overturns existing hypotheses. Moreover, it is sparking new discussions across the entire academic field.

High-level academic discourse using '게다가' to show impact.

그 기업은 시장 점유율을 확대하는 데 성공했습니다. 게다가 브랜드 이미지 제고를 위한 사회 공헌 활동에도 적극적입니다.

The company succeeded in expanding its market share. Moreover, it is active in social contribution activities to enhance its brand image.

Discussing business strategy and corporate ethics.

기후 변화는 생태계의 균형을 무너뜨리고 있습니다. 게다가 인류의 생존 자체를 위협하는 중대한 사안으로 부상했습니다.

Climate change is disrupting the balance of the ecosystem. Moreover, it has emerged as a critical issue threatening the very survival of humanity.

Using '게다가' to emphasize the gravity of a global crisis.

그 철학자의 사상은 매우 심오합니다. 게다가 현대 사회의 병폐를 날카롭게 꼬집고 있다는 점에서 의의가 큽니다.

That philosopher's thoughts are very profound. Moreover, they are significant in that they sharply point out the ills of modern society.

Analyzing philosophical significance and social relevance.

이 소프트웨어는 사용자 인터페이스가 직관적입니다. 게다가 보안성 측면에서도 타사 제품보다 월등히 앞서 있습니다.

This software has an intuitive user interface. Moreover, it is far ahead of competitors' products in terms of security.

Technical comparison and competitive advantage.

그 나라는 천연자원이 풍부할 뿐만 아니라 인적 자원도 우수합니다. 게다가 정부의 강력한 의지로 비약적인 발전을 이루고 있습니다.

That country not only has rich natural resources but also excellent human resources. Moreover, it is achieving rapid development through the strong will of the government.

Combining '뿐만 아니라' and '게다가' for a multi-layered argument.

언어는 문화를 담는 그릇입니다. 게다가 사고의 틀을 형성하는 결정적인 역할을 하기도 합니다.

Language is a vessel that holds culture. Moreover, it also plays a decisive role in forming the framework of thought.

Abstract discussion on the relationship between language, culture, and thought.

예술은 인간의 감정을 정화하는 기능을 합니다. 게다가 시대를 초월하여 보편적인 가치를 전달하는 매개체가 되기도 하죠.

Art functions to purify human emotions. Moreover, it serves as a medium that conveys universal values across eras.

Discussing the functional and timeless aspects of art.

본 연구는 거시 경제적 변수들이 시장에 미치는 영향을 분석하였습니다. 게다가 미시적 관점에서의 소비자 행동 변화까지 심도 있게 다루고 있습니다.

This study analyzed the impact of macroeconomic variables on the market. Moreover, it covers changes in consumer behavior from a microscopic perspective in depth.

Sophisticated academic research summary.

그 정치적 결단은 단기적으로는 혼란을 야기할 수 있으나, 장기적으로는 국가 안보를 공고히 할 것입니다. 게다가 국제 사회에서의 위상 강화에도 일조할 것으로 보입니다.

That political decision may cause confusion in the short term, but it will solidify national security in the long term. Moreover, it is expected to contribute to strengthening the country's status in the international community.

Complex political analysis of long-term consequences.

인공지능의 급격한 발전은 산업 구조의 근본적인 변혁을 예고하고 있습니다. 게다가 윤리적 가치 판단의 기준에 대한 새로운 성찰을 요구하고 있는 시점입니다.

The rapid development of AI is foretelling a fundamental transformation of the industrial structure. Moreover, it is a time that demands new reflection on the standards of ethical value judgment.

Discussing technological disruption and ethical philosophy.

그 문학 작품은 인간 존재의 근원적인 고독을 탐구하고 있습니다. 게다가 정교한 상징 체계를 통해 독자들에게 다층적인 해석의 가능성을 열어줍니다.

That literary work explores the fundamental loneliness of human existence. Moreover, through a sophisticated system of symbols, it opens up possibilities for multi-layered interpretation for readers.

Advanced literary criticism focusing on themes and symbolism.

현대 건축은 기능성과 미학적 가치의 조화를 추구합니다. 게다가 지속 가능한 발전을 위해 친환경 공법을 도입하는 추세가 뚜렷해지고 있습니다.

Modern architecture pursues the harmony of functionality and aesthetic value. Moreover, the trend of adopting eco-friendly construction methods for sustainable development is becoming clear.

Discussing architectural trends and sustainability.

그 법안은 사회적 약자의 권익을 보호하는 데 중점을 두고 있습니다. 게다가 법적 사각지대를 해소하여 정의로운 사회 구현에 이바지하고자 합니다.

The bill focuses on protecting the rights and interests of the socially disadvantaged. Moreover, it aims to contribute to the realization of a just society by resolving legal blind spots.

Legal and social discourse on justice and legislation.

역사는 과거와 현재의 끊임없는 대화입니다. 게다가 미래를 조망할 수 있는 혜안을 제공한다는 점에서 그 가치가 무궁무진합니다.

History is a constant dialogue between the past and the present. Moreover, its value is infinite in that it provides the insight to look into the future.

Philosophical reflection on the value of historical study.

글로벌 공급망의 불안정성은 세계 경제에 큰 하방 압력으로 작용하고 있습니다. 게다가 원자재 가격 상승은 인플레이션 우려를 더욱 심화시키고 있는 실정입니다.

The instability of the global supply chain is acting as a significant downward pressure on the world economy. Moreover, the rise in raw material prices is further deepening inflation concerns.

Economic analysis of global market pressures.

ترکیب‌های رایج

게다가 설상가상으로

게다가 금상첨화로

게다가 이번에는

게다가 무엇보다

게다가 하필이면

게다가 알고 보니

게다가 심지어

게다가 마침

게다가 게으르기까지

게다가 친절하기까지

عبارات رایج

게다가 말이야

— Used in casual speech to grab attention before adding a surprising fact. 'And besides, you know...'

게다가 말이야, 그 사람 벌써 결혼했대.

게다가 더 큰 문제는

— Used to introduce a more serious problem in addition to existing ones. 'Moreover, a bigger problem is...'

돈이 없어요. 게다가 더 큰 문제는 빚이 있다는 거예요.

게다가 한술 더 떠서

— An idiom meaning 'to go one step further' or 'to make matters even more extreme'.

그는 거짓말을 했고, 게다가 한술 더 떠서 나를 비난했다.

게다가 엎친 데 덮친 격으로

— Similar to 'misfortunes never come singly' or 'to make matters worse'.

감기에 걸렸는데 게다가 엎친 데 덮친 격으로 배탈도 났다.

게다가 다행히도

— Used to add a positive turn of events to a situation. 'Moreover, fortunately...'

사고가 났지만 게다가 다행히도 다친 사람은 없었다.

게다가 놀랍게도

— Used to introduce a surprising additional fact. 'Moreover, surprisingly...'

그는 가난했어요. 게다가 놀랍게도 독학으로 성공했죠.

게다가 공교롭게도

— Used when an additional event happens by coincidence, often inconveniently. 'Moreover, coincidentally...'

약속에 늦었는데 게다가 공교롭게도 휴대전화 배터리도 나갔다.

게다가 결정적으로

— Used to add the most important or 'decisive' point. 'Moreover, decisively...'

그는 실력이 없어요. 게다가 결정적으로 열정도 없죠.

게다가 추가로

— A straightforward way to say 'moreover, additionally'.

할인 혜택이 있어요. 게다가 추가로 사은품도 드립니다.

게다가 결과적으로

— Used to add a final result as an additional point. 'Moreover, as a result...'

그는 열심히 공부했어요. 게다가 결과적으로 장학금도 받았죠.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

게다가 vs 그래서

그래서 shows cause and effect, while 게다가 shows simple addition. Don't use 게다가 if the second part happened BECAUSE of the first.

게다가 vs 하지만

하지만 shows contrast, while 게다가 shows addition. Don't use 게다가 to connect a positive point to a negative one.

게다가 vs 그래도

그래도 means 'even so' or 'nevertheless'. It acknowledges the first point but moves in a different direction, unlike 게다가.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"설상가상 (雪上加霜)"

— Snow on top of frost. Used with 게다가 to describe worsening bad luck.

지갑을 잃어버렸는데 게다가 설상가상으로 비까지 온다.

Literary/Common

"금상첨화 (錦上添花)"

— Adding flowers to silk. Used with 게다가 to describe adding something good to something already good.

경치가 좋은데 게다가 금상첨화로 날씨도 화창하다.

Literary/Common

"엎친 데 덮친 격"

— Being pushed down and then covered. Used to describe a series of disasters.

회사가 어려운데 게다가 엎친 데 덮친 격으로 파업까지 일어났다.

Common

"한술 더 뜨다"

— To take one more spoonful. To behave in an even more extreme or outrageous way.

그는 무례하게 굴더니 게다가 한술 더 떠서 소리를 질렀다.

Colloquial

"불 난 데 부채질하다"

— Fanning a fire. To make a bad situation worse, often used with 게다가.

이미 화가 났는데 게다가 그가 비웃어서 불 난 데 부채질한 꼴이 됐다.

Common

"갈수록 태산"

— The further you go, the bigger the mountain. Things are getting harder and harder.

일이 계속 꼬이네요. 게다가 갈수록 태산이라 걱정이에요.

Common

"산 넘어 산"

— Mountain after mountain. One problem after another.

시험이 끝났는데 게다가 과제가 또 있네요. 정말 산 넘어 산이에요.

Common

"다 된 밥에 재 뿌리기"

— Throwing ashes on cooked rice. To ruin something almost finished.

거의 다 성공했는데 게다가 그가 실수해서 다 된 밥에 재 뿌린 격이 됐다.

Common

"밑 빠진 독에 물 붓기"

— Pouring water into a bottomless pot. A futile effort, often used when adding more resources to a failing cause.

투자를 계속하는데 게다가 성과도 없으니 밑 빠진 독에 물 붓기예요.

Common

"가는 날이 장날"

— The day you go is market day. Bad timing when an unexpected event happens.

도서관에 갔는데 게다가 하필 휴관일이네요. 가는 날이 장날이라더니.

Common

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

게다가 vs 더구나

Both mean 'moreover'.

더구나 is more emphatic and often used when the second point is even more surprising or negative than the first.

길이 막히는데 더구나 비까지 온다.

게다가 vs 또한

Both add information.

또한 is more formal and neutral, used mostly in writing. 게다가 is more versatile and can carry emotional weight.

그는 교사이며 또한 작가이다.

게다가 vs 거기다가

They are almost identical in meaning.

거기다가 is more colloquial and spoken. 게다가 is the standard form used in both speech and writing.

배고파 죽겠는데 거기다가 돈도 없어.

게다가 vs 뿐만 아니라

Both mean 'in addition'.

뿐만 아니라 specifically means 'not only... but also', focusing on the fact that the first point isn't the only one.

그는 똑똑할 뿐만 아니라 친절하다.

게다가 vs 아울러

Both are additive.

아울러 is very formal, used in official announcements to mean 'at the same time' or 'along with'.

감사드리며 아울러 건승을 빕니다.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Adjective]해요. 게다가 [Adjective]해요.

싸요. 게다가 맛있어요.

[Sentence 1]. 게다가 [Noun]도 [Verb/Adjective].

비가 와요. 게다가 바람도 불어요.

[Verb]-(으)ㄴ/는 데다가 [Verb/Adjective].

바쁜 데다가 피곤해요.

[Sentence 1]. 게다가 [Noun]까지 [Verb/Adjective].

돈이 없어요. 게다가 빚까지 있어요.

[Sentence 1]. 게다가 [Noun] 측면에서도 [Adjective].

성능이 좋아요. 게다가 보안 측면에서도 우수해요.

[Sentence 1]. 게다가 [Abstract Concept]을/를 고려하면...

위험해요. 게다가 윤리적 문제를 고려하면 더 심각해요.

Universal

[Sentence 1]. 게다가 설상가상으로 [Sentence 2].

늦었어요. 게다가 설상가상으로 차도 고장 났어요.

Universal

[Sentence 1]. 게다가 금상첨화로 [Sentence 2].

합격했어요. 게다가 금상첨화로 장학금도 받았어요.

خانواده کلمه

مرتبط

것 (thing/fact)

다가 (transfer particle)

-(으)ㄴ/는 데다가 (mid-sentence grammar form)

더하다 (to add)

더욱 (more)

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very High. It is one of the most common conjunctive adverbs in the Korean language.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 게다가 for contrast. → 날씨가 춥지만 하늘은 맑아요.
You cannot use 게다가 to connect 'cold' (negative) and 'clear sky' (positive). Use '하지만' or '-지만' for contrast.
Using 게다가 for cause and effect. → 비가 와서 집에 있었어요.
If you stayed home BECAUSE it rained, use '그래서' or '-아서/어서'. 게다가 only adds a separate fact.
Forgetting the '-도' particle. → 게다가 바람도 불어요.
While '게다가 바람이 불어요' is okay, adding '-도' makes it sound much more natural and native-like.
Using 게다가 at the end of a sentence. → 게다가 그는 친절해요.
Unlike 'too' in English, 게다가 must come at the beginning of the clause it is introducing.
Overusing 게다가 in one paragraph. → Use '또한', '뿐만 아니라', or '더욱이' to vary.
Repeating the same connector makes writing sound repetitive. Vary your transitions for better flow.

نکات

Pair with '-도'

Always try to include the particle '-도' in the sentence following '게다가'. It makes the addition feel more integrated and natural to native ears.

Check Polarity

Before using '게다가', ask yourself: Are both sentences positive? Or are both negative? If they are different, use '하지만' instead.

Avoid Repetition

If you have three or more points to add, don't use '게다가' every time. Use '또한' or '뿐만 아니라' for the second or third points to keep your writing interesting.

Use a Pause

A small pause after '게다가' helps the listener prepare for the additional information and gives your speech a better rhetorical rhythm.

Business Usage

In business, use '게다가' to stack benefits of a proposal or product. It sounds professional and persuasive when used to build a case.

Identify Nuance

When you hear '게다가', pay attention to whether the speaker sounds happy or frustrated. The word itself is neutral, but the context will tell you the emotion.

Mid-sentence form

Practice using '-(으)ㄴ/는 데다가' to make your sentences more complex and fluid. It's the 'pro' version of using '게다가' at the start of a new sentence.

Learn Synonyms

Knowing '거기다가' for friends and '또한' for work will make you sound much more like a native speaker who understands social context.

Justification

Use '게다가' when you need to justify a decision. Adding a second reason makes your explanation feel more thorough and polite in Korean culture.

The 'Plus' Word

Think of '게다가' as the '+' sign of Korean sentences. It's always adding something to the total sum of what you're saying.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'GE-DA-GA' as 'GET-A-DATA-GAIN'. You are getting more data (information) to gain a stronger point!

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person building a tower of blocks. Each block is a sentence, and '게다가' is the glue that lets you put a new block on top of the old one.

شبکه واژگان

Addition Moreover Furthermore Plus Reinforcement Cumulative Connection Emphasis

چالش

Try to write three sentences about your favorite hobby. Use '게다가' to connect the second and third sentences to explain why you love it so much.

ریشه کلمه

게다가 is a contraction of '게' (a shortened form of '것이', meaning 'the thing/fact') and the particle '다가'. The particle '다가' originally indicates a transition from one action or state to another, or the addition of a new circumstance.

معنای اصلی: Literally, it can be understood as 'on top of the fact that...' or 'adding to the thing that...'

Koreanic

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful not to use '게다가' to add a positive point after a negative one (or vice versa), as it can sound sarcastic or logically confusing to native speakers.

English speakers often use 'and' or 'also' where Koreans would specifically use '게다가' to show emphasis. 'Moreover' sounds very formal in English, but '게다가' is quite natural in daily Korean.

Frequently used in K-Pop lyrics to list the charms of a lover. Commonly heard in 'Mukbang' (eating shows) when hosts describe why food is delicious. A staple word in Korean debate shows (토론) for building arguments.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Complaining about bad weather

비가 와요.
게다가 바람도 불어요.
게다가 너무 추워요.
게다가 우산도 없어요.

Praising a new friend

성격이 좋아요.
게다가 똑똑해요.
게다가 유머러스해요.
게다가 배려심도 깊어요.

Reviewing a restaurant

음식이 맛있어요.
게다가 가격이 싸요.
게다가 분위기도 좋아요.
게다가 서비스도 친절해요.

Explaining work stress

일이 많아요.
게다가 마감이 내일이에요.
게다가 상사도 까다로워요.
게다가 야근도 해야 해요.

Shopping for electronics

기능이 많아요.
게다가 가벼워요.
게다가 배터리도 오래 가요.
게다가 보증 기간도 길어요.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"요즘 날씨가 너무 덥죠? 게다가 습하기까지 해서 정말 힘들어요."

"그 영화 보셨어요? 스토리가 정말 탄탄하더라고요. 게다가 배우들 연기도 일품이었죠."

"이 근처에 새로 생긴 카페 가봤어요? 커피 맛이 일품이에요. 게다가 인테리어도 정말 예쁘던데요."

"한국어 공부는 어때요? 처음에는 어려웠는데 게다가 배울수록 재미있는 것 같아요."

"요즘 물가가 너무 올랐어요. 게다가 월급은 그대로라 걱정이에요."

موضوعات نگارش

오늘 하루 중 가장 기분 좋았던 일 두 가지를 '게다가'를 사용해서 적어보세요.

자신이 가장 좋아하는 장소의 장점들을 '게다가'를 활용해 설명해 보세요.

최근에 겪은 힘든 상황이 있다면, '게다가'를 사용해 그 상황을 구체적으로 묘사해 보세요.

자신이 존경하는 인물의 특징을 '게다가'를 넣어 세 문장 이상으로 써보세요.

새로 사고 싶은 물건이 있다면, 그 물건의 장점들을 '게다가'를 사용해 나열해 보세요.

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Generally, no. 게다가 is used to add information that follows the same logical direction. If you want to connect a good thing and a bad thing, use '하지만' (but) or '그런데' (however). For example, 'The food is good but expensive' should use '하지만', not '게다가'.

It is neutral and versatile. You can use it in casual conversations with friends, but it is also perfectly acceptable in formal writing, news reports, and business presentations. For very casual speech, '거기다가' is often used instead.

It is not strictly required by grammar rules, but it is highly recommended. Using '-도' (also) in the second clause makes the sentence sound much more natural and emphasizes the 'addition' that 게다가 introduces.

그리고 is a simple 'and' that connects any two things. 게다가 is more specific; it means 'moreover' or 'on top of that' and is used to reinforce a point or add a supplementary fact that has more weight than a simple 'and'.

No, 게다가 is a conjunctive adverb and must appear at the beginning of a sentence or clause to link it to the previous one. It cannot stand alone at the end of a sentence like 'too' or 'as well' can in English.

To use it mid-sentence, you use the grammar pattern '-(으)ㄴ/는 데다가'. For example, 'He is tall (키가 큰) + 데다가 + handsome (잘생겼어요).' This allows you to combine two descriptions into one sentence.

It is used for both! You can use it to list many great qualities of a person (positive) or to complain about many things going wrong in one day (negative). The key is that the points must be consistent.

Usually, no. Since 게다가 is a connector, there must be a previous sentence or idea for it to 'add' to. However, if the previous paragraph established a point, you could technically start a new paragraph with 게다가 to add a major new piece of evidence.

Two very common ones are '설상가상' (to make matters worse) and '금상첨화' (to make a good thing even better). You often see them used together: '게다가 설상가상으로...' or '게다가 금상첨화로...'

Yes, it is very similar to 'besides' when 'besides' is used to add a reinforcing reason. For example: 'I don't want to go; besides, I'm tired.' In Korean: '가고 싶지 않아요. 게다가 피곤해요.'

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