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B1 adjective 9 دقیقه مطالعه

alçak

مثال‌ها alçak در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح alçak in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know 'alçak' as a physical description of objects. It means 'low.' You might use it to describe a table that is not high or a chair that is close to the ground. Think of it as the opposite of 'yüksek' (high). At this stage, do not worry about the moral meanings or complex idioms. Just focus on simple sentences like 'The table is low' or 'The wall is low.' It is a basic building block for describing the world around you. You will mostly see it in children's books or basic descriptions of furniture and buildings. Remember: it describes height from the ground up. If you are talking about how tall a person is, do not use this word; use 'kısa' instead. This is the most important distinction for a beginner.
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At the A2 level, you begin to see 'alçak' in more varied contexts, such as weather and simple idiomatic expressions. You will encounter 'alçak basınç' (low pressure) in weather forecasts. You might also learn the very important phrase 'alçak gönüllü,' which means humble. Even though 'alçak' on its own can be negative, in this phrase, it is very positive. You should be able to describe your environment more accurately now, using 'alçak' for things like low branches, low fences, or low-flying planes. You are also starting to understand that Turkish uses different words for 'low' depending on the situation (like 'düşük' for prices), so you are refining your vocabulary choices.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable with the dual nature of 'alçak.' You understand it as a physical adjective (low altitude) and as a moral one (vile/despicable). You can understand news reports that use 'alçakça bir saldırı' (a vile attack) and recognize the emotional weight the word carries. You are also expected to use 'alçak gönüllü' correctly in conversations to describe people's personalities. Your ability to distinguish between 'alçak' (physical height/moral) and 'düşük' (values/rates) should be consistent. You can now use the word to add flavor to your descriptions, perhaps using it to describe the atmosphere of a room or the character of a person in a story.
At the B2 level, you move into more nuanced territory. You can appreciate the use of 'alçak' in literature and more complex media. You understand the historical and social connotations of 'lowness' in Turkish culture. You can use the adverbial form 'alçakça' to describe actions in detail. You are also aware of technical terms like 'alçak frekans' (low frequency) in science or engineering contexts. Your understanding of the word allows you to perceive sarcasm or irony when someone uses 'alçak' or 'alçak gönüllü' in a specific tone. You can participate in debates about ethics where 'alçaklık' (baseness) might be a topic of discussion.
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At the C1 level, you have a deep grasp of 'alçak' and its derivatives. You can identify its use in Ottoman-era texts or classical Turkish poetry, where it often signifies the humble state of the lover. You understand the subtle difference between 'alçak' and its synonyms like 'basık' or 'sefil' (miserable/lowly). You can use the word with precision in academic writing or professional critiques. You are familiar with rare idioms and can use the word to create sophisticated metaphors. You understand the linguistic evolution of the word and how it relates to other Turkic languages. Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker's in terms of context and connotation.
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At the C2 level, you possess a masterly command of 'alçak.' You can analyze the word's role in the Turkish linguistic landscape, from its Proto-Turkic roots to its modern socio-political usage. You can use it to convey the finest shades of meaning, whether in a high-stakes diplomatic condemnation or a delicate piece of creative writing. You are aware of every archaic variation and every contemporary slang nuance. You can explain the word to others, including its psychological impact on the listener. The word 'alçak' is no longer just a vocabulary item for you; it is a tool for cultural and emotional expression that you use with total confidence and accuracy.
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مثال‌ها

alçak در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Alçak means low in physical height, such as a low ceiling or table.
  • It is a strong moral insult meaning vile, mean, or despicable.
  • The compound 'alçak gönüllü' is a positive term meaning humble or modest.
  • It is used technically for low pressure, low frequency, and low altitude.

The Turkish word alçak is a versatile adjective that primarily describes physical height, but it carries significant weight in moral and meteorological contexts. At its most basic level, it translates to 'low.' However, its usage spans from describing a coffee table to condemning a person's character as 'vile' or 'base.' Understanding the spectrum of alçak is crucial for achieving fluency, as using it in the wrong context can transform a simple observation about furniture into a severe personal insult.

Physical Dimension
When referring to objects, it describes something that is not high or is close to the ground. For example, a low ceiling (alçak tavan) or a low branch (alçak dal). It contrasts directly with yüksek (high).
Moral Character
In a figurative sense, alçak is a strong insult. It describes someone who is despicable, treacherous, or lacks honor. Calling someone an alçak adam is far more serious than calling them 'mean' in English; it implies a fundamental lack of morality.
The Humble Exception
Interestingly, when combined with 'heart' or 'soul' as in alçak gönüllü, the meaning becomes entirely positive, signifying 'humble' or 'modest.' This is one of the most common compound adjectives in Turkish.

Bu oda çok alçak tavanlı, kendimi basık hissediyorum.

In daily life, you will encounter alçak in weather reports where 'alçak basınç' (low pressure) is a standard term. Unlike English, where 'low' can describe a low voice or low prices, Turkish often uses different words for those (e.g., kısık ses for low voice, düşük fiyat for low price). Therefore, alçak remains tethered to physical altitude or moral depth. Using alçak for a person's physical height is a common mistake for English speakers; for a short person, you must use kısa. Calling a short person alçak would be interpreted as calling them a villain.

O, çok alçak gönüllü bir liderdir.

Historically, the word stems from the Old Turkic root meaning 'below' or 'down.' In Ottoman Turkish, its use in poetry often contrasted the 'lowly' lover with the 'high' status of the beloved. Today, the word maintains this hierarchical flavor. In political discourse, alçakça saldırı (vile attack) is a common phrase used to condemn acts of terrorism or betrayal. It evokes a sense of deep indignation. When you hear this word in a movie or a heated debate, pay attention to the tone; it is rarely used casually unless referring to physical objects like a chair or a fence.

Uçak çok alçaktan uçuyordu.

Using alçak correctly requires distinguishing between its literal and figurative applications. Because it is an adjective, it typically precedes the noun it modifies, but it can also function as a predicate at the end of a sentence following the verb 'to be' (suffix -dir/-dır or just implied).

Attributive Usage
When it comes before a noun: Alçak masanın üzerine kitapları koydum (I put the books on the low table). Here, it simply describes the height of the table.
Predicative Usage
When it describes the subject: Tavan çok alçak (The ceiling is very low). In this case, it follows the noun it describes.
Adverbial Usage
By adding the ablative case -tan, it becomes alçaktan (from a low position/altitude), often used with verbs of movement: Alçaktan uçmak (To fly low).

Bu alçak davranışını asla unutmayacağım.

When using alçak to mean 'vile' or 'mean,' it is often paired with abstract nouns like davranış (behavior), iftira (slander), or plan (plot). For example, alçakça bir plan means 'a despicable plot.' The suffix -ça turns the adjective into an adverb or a more qualitative adjective, meaning 'vilely' or 'despicable-like.' This is frequently seen in news headlines regarding criminal activities.

Bölgede alçak basınç sistemi etkili oluyor.

In scientific contexts, alçak is the standard term for 'low' in measurements that involve height or pressure. Alçak frekans (low frequency) and alçak gerilim (low voltage) are standard engineering terms. This demonstrates the word's transition from everyday speech into technical jargon. If you are translating English 'low' into Turkish, ask yourself: 'Does this refer to height or moral depth?' If yes, alçak is likely correct. If it refers to quantity or intensity, consider düşük or az.

Köydeki evler oldukça alçaktır.

The word alçak appears in several distinct domains of Turkish life. Depending on where you are, the connotation shifts dramatically. Here is a breakdown of common environments where you will encounter it.

The Weather Forecast
Every evening on the news, meteorologists discuss alçak basınç merkezleri (low-pressure centers). In this context, it is purely scientific and neutral.
Construction and Interior Design
If you are looking at apartments in Turkey, especially in older buildings, you might hear someone complain about the alçak tavan. It suggests a cramped or claustrophobic space.
Turkish Dramas (Diziler)
This is where alçak gets dramatic. Villains are often called 'alçak' by the protagonist. It is a word spat out with venom: 'Seni alçak!' (You despicable low-life!).

Yarın Balkanlar'dan gelen alçak basınç sistemi yağış getirecek.

In professional settings, particularly when discussing ethics, alçakça might be used to describe unethical corporate espionage or betrayal. However, the most positive use you will hear is alçak gönüllülük. Turks value humility deeply, and being called alçak gönüllü is one of the highest compliments a person can receive, suggesting they are grounded despite their success.

O kadar zengin olmasına rağmen çok alçak gönüllü biridir.

You might also hear it in aviation and military contexts. Alçak uçuş (low-altitude flight) is a term used for jets flying close to the ground, often for display or tactical reasons. In history books, you will read about alçak saldırılar referring to surprise attacks or raids deemed dishonorable by the chroniclers. The word is deeply embedded in the Turkish psyche as a marker of level—both literal and metaphorical.

Uçaklar tören için alçak uçuş yaptı.

For English speakers, alçak presents a few 'false friend' traps and nuances that can lead to embarrassing or confusing situations. Here are the most frequent errors to avoid.

Mistaking 'Alçak' for 'Short'
In English, we say 'a low person' rarely, but we say 'a short person' often. If you translate 'short person' as alçak kişi, you are not saying they are small in stature; you are saying they are a 'base, vile person.' Always use kısa for human height.
Confusing 'Alçak' with 'Düşük'
While both mean 'low,' düşük is used for quantities, rates, and values (low interest, low temperature, low quality). Alçak is for physical altitude or moral depth. You wouldn't say alçak kalite; you must say düşük kalite.
Using it for Volume
In English, we say 'Turn the volume low.' In Turkish, you use kısmak (to turn down) or alçak ses (low voice), but the latter is less common than alçak sesle konuşmak (speaking in a low voice). However, for electronic volume, düşük ses is more common.

Hatalı: Boyu çok alçak. (Wrong)
Doğru: Boyu çok kısa. (Correct)

Another mistake is the misuse of the compound alçak gönüllü. Some students try to pluralize it as alçak gönüllüler (humble ones), which is correct, but they might mistakenly use alçak kalpli. While kalp and gönül both mean heart, the idiom is fixed with gönül. Changing it makes it lose its idiomatic meaning.

Hatalı: Alçak fiyatlar. (Wrong)
Doğru: Düşük fiyatlar. (Correct)

Finally, be careful with the word alçaklık (lowness/meanness). Using this to describe a building's height is technically possible but sounds very strange; it is almost exclusively used to describe a 'vile act' or 'baseness' of character. To describe the physical quality of being low, Turks usually just use the adjective alçak or phrases like yüksek olmaması.

Turkish has a rich vocabulary for levels and morality. Depending on your specific meaning of 'low,' you might want to choose one of these alternatives to sound more natural.

Basık vs. Alçak
Basık is specifically used for ceilings or rooms that feel 'pressed down' or claustrophobic. While an alçak tavan is just low in height, a basık tavan implies it's uncomfortably low.
Düşük vs. Alçak
Düşük refers to values, levels, or grades. Use düşük hız (low speed) or düşük not (low grade). Use alçak for physical elevation.
Adi vs. Alçak
Both describe a 'vile' person. However, adi often implies 'cheap' or 'common' in addition to being mean. Alçak is a heavier moral condemnation of treachery.
Mütevazı vs. Alçak Gönüllü
Both mean 'humble.' Mütevazı is of Arabic origin and sounds slightly more formal or literary. Alçak gönüllü is the standard, heartfelt Turkish expression.

Bu oda çok basık, tavanı alçak olduğu için ferah değil.

In summary, choosing the right synonym depends on the 'flavor' of lowness you wish to convey. For physical height, alçak is your primary tool. For moral depth, it is your strongest weapon. For numbers and stats, look toward düşük. For social grace, pair it with gönül.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Bu masa çok alçak.

This table is very low.

Subject + Adverb + Adjective.

2

Alçak bir sandalye istiyorum.

I want a low chair.

Adjective + Indefinite Article + Noun.

3

Bahçe duvarı alçak.

The garden wall is low.

Noun phrase + Adjective.

4

Kedi alçak bir yere atladı.

The cat jumped to a low place.

Dative case (-e/-a) on the noun.

5

Bu tavan biraz alçak.

This ceiling is a bit low.

Use of 'biraz' (a bit) as a modifier.

6

Alçak sesle konuş lütfen.

Speak in a low voice, please.

Instrumental usage (with/in).

7

Evimiz alçak bir tepede.

Our house is on a low hill.

Locative case (-de/-da).

8

Burada alçak ağaçlar var.

There are low trees here.

Plural noun with adjective.

1

Bugün alçak basınç bekleniyor.

Low pressure is expected today.

Technical compound 'alçak basınç'.

2

O çok alçak gönüllü bir insan.

He is a very humble person.

Fixed idiom: alçak gönüllü.

3

Uçak çok alçaktan uçuyor.

The plane is flying very low.

Ablative case (-tan) used adverbially.

4

Köprü çok alçak, kamyon geçemez.

The bridge is very low, the truck cannot pass.

Causal relationship in two clauses.

5

Alçak dallara dikkat et.

Watch out for the low branches.

Dative case for the object of 'dikkat et'.

6

Bu ayakkabılar çok alçak topuklu.

These shoes have very low heels.

Compound adjective 'alçak topuklu'.

7

Güneş alçak bir noktada.

The sun is at a low point.

Describing position.

8

Alçak gönüllülük bir erdemdir.

Humility is a virtue.

Noun form (-lük).

1

Alçak adam bize yalan söyledi.

The despicable man lied to us.

Moral usage of 'alçak'.

2

Böyle alçakça bir hareketi beklemiyordum.

I wasn't expecting such a vile move.

Adverbial/Qualitative suffix '-ça'.

3

Alçak basınç nedeniyle yağmur yağacak.

It will rain due to low pressure.

Postposition 'nedeniyle' (due to).

4

Müdürümüz oldukça alçak gönüllüdür.

Our manager is quite humble.

Use of 'oldukça' (quite/rather).

5

Fırtına sırasında bulutlar çok alçaktı.

The clouds were very low during the storm.

Past tense of the adjective (alçaktı).

6

Alçak sesle konuşarak plan yaptılar.

They made plans by speaking in low voices.

Adverbial construction with '-arak'.

7

Bu bölgedeki binalar alçak katlı.

The buildings in this area are low-rise.

Compound 'alçak katlı'.

8

Onun bu alçak davranışı herkesi üzdü.

His vile behavior saddened everyone.

Possessive + Adjective + Noun.

1

Siyasetçinin alçakça saldırıları tepki çekti.

The politician's vile attacks drew criticism.

Plural suffix and possessive.

2

Alçak irtifada uçan kuşlar görüldü.

Birds flying at low altitude were seen.

Technical term 'alçak irtifa'.

3

Bu kadar alçak bir iftiraya kimse inanmaz.

No one would believe such a base slander.

Use of 'bu kadar' (this much/such a).

4

Alçak gönüllü olmak her zaman kazandırır.

Being humble always pays off.

Infinitive phrase as a subject.

5

Düşman alçak bir pusu kurmuştu.

The enemy had set a vile ambush.

Past perfect tense.

6

Odanın tavanı o kadar alçak ki nefes alamıyorum.

The room's ceiling is so low that I can't breathe.

Result clause with 'ki'.

7

Alçak sesle söylenen sözler bazen daha etkilidir.

Words spoken in a low voice are sometimes more effective.

Passive participle 'söylenen'.

8

Alçak frekanslı sesler uykumu kaçırıyor.

Low-frequency sounds keep me awake.

Technical adjective phrase.

1

Yazar, karakterin alçaklıklarını derinlemesine işliyor.

The author explores the character's baseness in depth.

Abstract noun 'alçaklık' in plural.

2

Toplumdaki alçak gönüllülük kültürü giderek zayıflıyor.

The culture of humility in society is gradually weakening.

Noun compound 'alçak gönüllülük kültürü'.

3

Alçak basınç kuşağı tüm kıtayı etkisi altına aldı.

The low-pressure belt has taken the entire continent under its influence.

Geographical/Meteorological terminology.

4

Bu alçakça ihanet, tarihin sayfalarına kara bir leke olarak geçti.

This vile betrayal went down in history as a black stain.

Metaphorical language.

5

Alçaktan uçan hayaller, yüksek gerçeklere çarpınca yıkılır.

Low-flying dreams crumble when they hit high realities.

Philosophical metaphor.

6

Onun alçak gönüllü tavrı, kibrini gizlemek için bir maskedir.

His humble demeanor is a mask to hide his arrogance.

Complex sentence structure.

7

Alçak gerilim hatlarındaki arıza şehri karanlıkta bıraktı.

The fault in the low-voltage lines left the city in darkness.

Technical engineering term.

8

Alçak bir zeminde inşa edilen bina risk altındadır.

A building constructed on low ground is at risk.

Passive participle 'inşa edilen'.

1

Ruhunun en alçak dehlizlerinde sakladığı sırlar gün yüzüne çıktı.

The secrets he kept in the lowest dungeons of his soul came to light.

Superlative 'en alçak' used figuratively.

2

Alçakgönüllülük, insanın kendi hiçliğini idrak etmesiyle başlar.

Humility begins with one's realization of their own nothingness.

Philosophical definition.

3

Müellif, eserinde alçak ve yüce arasındaki o ince çizgiyi sorguluyor.

The author questions that fine line between the base and the sublime.

Substantive use of adjectives.

4

Alçakça kurgulanan bu kumpas, adaletin tecellisiyle bozuldu.

This vilely engineered plot was dismantled by the manifestation of justice.

Formal/Legalistic register.

5

Fırtına öncesi sessizlik, alçak bir bulut tabakasıyla mühürlenmişti.

The pre-storm silence was sealed with a low layer of clouds.

Literary description.

6

Alçak seciyeli insanların dostluğu, menfaat rüzgarıyla savrulur.

The friendship of base-natured people is scattered by the wind of self-interest.

Archaic/Literary adjective 'seciyeli'.

7

Deniz seviyesinden alçak bölgelerde tarım yapmak zordur.

It is difficult to farm in regions lower than sea level.

Comparative structure 'seviyesinden alçak'.

8

O, alçak bir dünya görüşünün dar kalıplarına sıkışmış kalmıştı.

He was stuck in the narrow molds of a base worldview.

Abstract metaphor.

ترکیب‌های رایج

alçak basınç
alçak gönüllü
alçak tavan
alçak uçuş
alçak sesle
alçak irtifa
alçak frekans
alçak gerilim
alçak sandalye
alçakça saldırı

عبارات رایج

Alçak gönüllü olmak

— To be humble. It is a highly valued trait in Turkish culture.

Başarılı olsan da alçak gönüllü olmalısın.

Alçaktan uçmak

— Literally to fly low, or figuratively to have modest goals or stay under the radar.

Bu aralar alçaktan uçmayı tercih ediyorum.

Alçaktan almak

— To act humble or to try to de-escalate a situation by being soft-spoken.

Tartışma büyümesin diye alçaktan aldım.

Alçak herif

— A common insult for a man deemed base or treacherous.

Seni alçak herif, beni nasıl kandırırsın!

Alçak basınç merkezi

— A low-pressure center in meteorology.

Alçak basınç merkezi batıya kayıyor.

Alçak sesle konuşmak

— To speak in a low, quiet voice.

Kütüphanede alçak sesle konuşmalısın.

Alçak katlı binalar

— Low-rise buildings.

Bu mahallede sadece alçak katlı binalar var.

Alçak topuklu ayakkabı

— Low-heeled shoes.

Yürüyüş için alçak topuklu ayakkabı giy.

Alçak irtifa uçuşu

— Low-altitude flight.

Pilot alçak irtifa uçuşu gerçekleştirdi.

Alçakça bir iftira

— A vile slander or base accusation.

Bu alçakça bir iftiradan başka bir şey değil.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"Alçak gönüllü"

— Humble, modest, not arrogant.

O kadar zengin ki ama çok alçak gönüllü.

Neutral
"Alçaktan almak"

— To behave modestly or to speak in a conciliatory manner to avoid conflict.

Kavga etmemek için her zaman alçaktan alıyor.

Informal
"Alçak yerin tepeciği kendini dağ sanır"

— A person of low status or ability who thinks they are very important.

Onun bu tavırlarına bakma, alçak yerin tepeciği kendini dağ sanır.

Proverb
"Alçak uçmak"

— To be modest or realistic about one's expectations.

Çok büyük hayaller kurma, biraz alçaktan uç.

Informal
"Alçak basınç"

— Technically low pressure, but sometimes used to describe a heavy, depressing atmosphere.

Bugün üzerimde bir alçak basınç var sanki.

Metaphorical
"Alçak sürünme"

— A military term for crawling low to the ground, also used for struggling through a difficult period.

Askerlikte alçak sürünme eğitimi aldık.

Technical/Military
"Alçak eşek binmeye kolay, öksüz çocuk dövmeye kolay"

— People tend to take advantage of those who are in a weak or 'low' position.

Maalesef bu dünyada alçak eşek binmeye kolaydır.

Proverb
"Alçak dağları ben yarattım demek"

— To be extremely arrogant (literally: saying 'I created the low mountains').

Öyle bir konuşuyor ki sanırsın alçak dağları o yaratmış.

Informal/Sarcasti
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