§ Don't confuse 苦闷 with 痛苦 (tòngkǔ)
While both 苦闷 (kǔmèn) and 痛苦 (tòngkǔ) describe negative feelings, they're not interchangeable. 痛苦 refers to intense pain, suffering, or agony, which can be physical or emotional. It's a much stronger and more acute feeling than 苦闷.
- DEFINITION
- 痛苦 (tòngkǔ): Pain; suffering; agony (physical or emotional).
他感到痛苦万分。
Tā gǎndào tòngkǔ wànfēn. (He felt extreme suffering.)
手术后他非常痛苦。
Shǒushù hòu tā fēicháng tòngkǔ. (He was in a lot of pain after the surgery.)
§ Using 苦闷 as an adjective directly modifying a noun
While 苦闷 can function as an adjective, it's more commonly used as a predicate (describing the subject) or with a 的 (de) to modify a noun. You won't usually see it directly preceding a noun in the way some other adjectives do.
- Correct: 我感到很苦闷。 (Wǒ gǎndào hěn kǔmèn. - I feel very melancholy.)
- Less common/Awkward: 一个苦闷的人 (Yī gè kǔmèn de rén - A melancholy person)
Instead of the less common structure, you'd typically say:
他是一个内心苦闷的人。
Tā shì yīgè nèixīn kǔmèn de rén. (He is a person with inner melancholy.)
这种苦闷的心情很难摆脱。
Zhè zhǒng kǔmèn de xīnqíng hěn nán bǎituō. (This melancholy mood is hard to shake off.)
§ Overusing 苦闷 in casual conversation
While 苦闷 is a valid word, it carries a slightly more formal or literary tone than some other expressions for sadness or feeling down. In very casual everyday conversation, Chinese speakers might opt for simpler phrases.
- More casual alternative: 我有点不开心。(Wǒ yǒudiǎn bù kāixīn. - I'm a bit unhappy.)
- More casual alternative: 我心情不好。(Wǒ xīnqíng bù hǎo. - I'm in a bad mood.)
Using 苦闷 is perfectly fine and natural, but be mindful of the context. If you're talking to a close friend about a minor annoyance, it might sound a little overly dramatic. It's best reserved for situations where the feeling of melancholy or dejection is genuine and somewhat persistent.
نکته جالب
The character 苦 (kǔ) is often associated with suffering in Chinese culture, appearing in many idioms and philosophical concepts related to endurance and hardship.
راهنمای تلفظ
- mispronouncing the 'u' as in 'cup'
- not aspirating the 'k' sound
مثالها بر اساس سطح
他看起来很苦闷，一个人坐在角落里。
He looked very melancholy, sitting alone in the corner.
考试没考好，他心里感到很苦闷。
He didn't do well on the exam, and he felt very dejected.
长时间的失业让他陷入了深深的苦闷。
Long-term unemployment plunged him into deep depression.
她把所有的苦闷都写进了日记。
She wrote all her melancholic feelings into her diary.
遇到困难时，不要一个人承受苦闷。
When facing difficulties, don't bear the dejection alone.
这部电影表达了现代人的苦闷。
This movie expresses the melancholy of modern people.
他试图通过运动来摆脱内心的苦闷。
He tried to get rid of his inner dejection through exercise.
生活中的苦闷需要我们积极面对。
The melancholic feelings in life require us to face them actively.
ریشه کلمه
Modern Chinese
معنای اصلی: 苦 (kǔ) means bitter, arduous, painful. 闷 (mèn) means bored, melancholic, to stifle. Together, they form a compound word that evokes a feeling of bitter and stifled emotion.
Sino-Tibetan, Sinitic, Mandarinبافت فرهنگی
When Chinese people use 苦闷, it often implies a feeling of inner turmoil or distress that might not be openly expressed. It's a sense of being down or troubled, often due to internal struggles or unfulfilled desires rather than overt external events. This word can describe a general state of mind rather than a fleeting emotion.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Feeling down about work/study pressure.
- 工作压力大，感觉很苦闷。(Work pressure is high, feeling very melancholic.)
- 学习任务太多，我有点苦闷。(Too many study tasks, I'm a bit depressed.)
- 最近对工作感到很苦闷。(Recently I've been feeling very dejected about work.)
Dealing with relationship issues.
- 感情出了问题，心里很苦闷。(Relationship problems, feeling very melancholic inside.)
- 和朋友吵架了，觉得很苦闷。(Argued with a friend, feeling very dejected.)
- 单身久了，有时会感到苦闷。(Being single for a long time, sometimes I feel depressed.)
Experiencing general dissatisfaction with life.
- 生活一成不变，让人感到苦闷。(Life is unchanging, it makes one feel melancholic.)
- 每天都重复同样的事情，觉得很苦闷。(Doing the same things every day, feeling very depressed.)
- 不知道自己想要什么，心里很苦闷。(Don't know what I want, feeling very dejected inside.)
Feeling isolated or lonely.
- 一个人在家，感到很苦闷。(Alone at home, feeling very melancholic.)
- 没有什么朋友，心里有点苦闷。(Don't have many friends, feeling a bit depressed inside.)
- 我觉得很孤独，所以感到苦闷。(I feel very lonely, so I feel dejected.)
Expressing a melancholic mood in literature/art.
- 这首歌充满了苦闷的情绪。(This song is full of melancholic emotion.)
- 他的画作表现出一种深深的苦闷。(His paintings express a deep sense of dejection.)
- 这部电影很苦闷，看得我心情沉重。(This movie is very depressing, it made my mood heavy.)
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"你最近有没有感到苦闷的时候？(Have you felt melancholic recently?)"
"什么事情会让你感到苦闷？(What kind of things make you feel depressed?)"
"你觉得生活中有哪些苦闷的瞬间？(What are some melancholic moments you experience in life?)"
"当你感到苦闷时，你会怎么做？(When you feel depressed, what do you do?)"
"你认为苦闷和悲伤有什么不同？(What do you think is the difference between melancholic and sad?)"
موضوعات نگارش
描述一次你感到“苦闷”的经历。是什么让你有这种感觉？(Describe an experience where you felt "kǔmèn". What made you feel this way?)
“苦闷”通常是关于什么？写下你对“苦闷”的看法。(What is "kǔmèn" usually about? Write down your thoughts on "kǔmèn".)
你觉得“苦闷”有什么积极或消极的方面？(Do you think "kǔmèn" has any positive or negative aspects?)
当你感到“苦闷”时，你会采取什么行动来改善自己的心情？(When you feel "kǔmèn", what actions do you take to improve your mood?)
写一篇关于如何帮助一个感到“苦闷”的朋友的短文。(Write a short essay on how to help a friend who is feeling "kǔmèn".)
خودت رو بسنج 24 سوال
Which of these words is closest in meaning to 苦闷 (kǔmèn)?
苦闷 (kǔmèn) describes a feeling of sadness, melancholy, or depression.
My friend feels 苦闷 (kǔmèn) because...
苦闷 (kǔmèn) is a feeling of dejection, so having a sick pet would cause this feeling.
After failing the exam, she felt very ______.
Failing an exam would likely lead to feelings of dejection or melancholy, which is what 苦闷 (kǔmèn) means.
If you feel 苦闷 (kǔmèn), you are likely feeling very happy.
苦闷 (kǔmèn) means melancholy or dejection, which is the opposite of happy.
You can use 苦闷 (kǔmèn) to describe someone who is feeling down or depressed.
苦闷 (kǔmèn) refers to feelings of melancholy, depression, or dejection.
When you have a lot of fun, you might feel 苦闷 (kǔmèn).
Having fun is associated with positive feelings, not with melancholy or dejection (苦闷).
她因为考试没考好，心里感到很______。
The sentence describes a negative feeling due to not doing well on an exam, so '苦闷' (melancholy/depression) is the most suitable choice.
长时间的失业让他陷入了深深的______。
Unemployment for a long time would naturally lead to '苦闷' (melancholy/depression), not happiness or hope.
当他听到坏消息时，他感到无比的______。
Hearing bad news would typically cause feelings of '苦闷' (melancholy/depression).
如果你感到“苦闷”，你可能会觉得很开心和充满活力。
“苦闷” means melancholy or depression, so feeling happy and energetic is the opposite of this emotion.
一个常常加班而且没有休息的人，很容易感到“苦闷”。
Working overtime frequently without rest can certainly lead to feelings of '苦闷' (melancholy/depression).
庆祝生日的时候，大家的心情通常是“苦闷”的。
Celebrating a birthday is usually a joyful occasion, so people would not typically feel '苦闷' (melancholy/depression).
This sentence means 'He likes running to relieve his dejection.' The typical Chinese sentence structure is Subject + Verb + Object.
This sentence means 'I feel very melancholic because I failed the exam.' The 'because' clause usually comes before the main verb.
This sentence means 'The dejection of life requires us to face it positively.' The 'of' particle 的 connects 'life' and 'dejection'.
她最近总是闷闷不乐，一问才知道是失恋了，难怪她感到如此______。
根据句意，失恋会让人感到“苦闷”。
面对接二连三的挫折，他感到前所未有的______，甚至开始怀疑自己的能力。
“接二连三的挫折”会导致“苦闷”的情绪。
长时间的居家隔离让许多人感到______，需要通过各种方式来排解。
“长时间的居家隔离”容易让人产生“苦闷”的情绪。
当一个人感到非常快乐和满足时，他会体验到“苦闷”的感觉。
“苦闷”是负面情绪，与快乐和满足相反。
在巨大的压力下，人们可能会感到“苦闷”。
压力是导致“苦闷”的常见原因之一。
“苦闷”和“兴奋”是同义词。
“苦闷”表示消极情绪，而“兴奋”表示积极情绪，二者是反义词。
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این کلمه در زبانهای دیگر
واژههای بیشتر emotions
有点
A1A little; somewhat; rather.
一点
A1A little; a bit; slightly.
可恶
A2Hateful; detestable; abominable.
心不在焉
A2Absent-minded; preoccupied.
接受地
A2Acceptingly; receptively.
成就感
B1Sense of achievement; fulfillment.
撒娇
A2To act like a spoiled child; to act cute.
上瘾
B1To be addicted to something.
沉迷
A2To be addicted to; to be engrossed in.
敬佩
B1Admiration; respect; reverence.
