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A1 verb #3,100 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

成熟

chéngshú رتبه 3,100

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 成熟 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 成熟 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should learn 成熟 (chéngshú) as a word for 'ripe' fruit. Think of it as a way to describe food you see at the market. You will mostly use it in the pattern 'Fruit + 成熟了' (The fruit is ripe). It is a simple way to talk about nature and food. You might also hear it used to describe a person as 'mature,' but at this level, focus on the literal meaning. It helps you understand the difference between something that is ready to eat and something that is not. For example, if you see green bananas, they are not 成熟. If they are yellow, they are 成熟. This basic building block will help you as you learn more complex ways to use the word later. Remember that the second character '熟' (shú) is the same one used in 'familiar' (很熟), which can help you remember it. Even at A1, knowing this word makes your descriptions of the world around you more accurate and interesting. It is a 'growth' word, showing that something has finished its journey from a seed to a fruit.

At the A2 level, you can start using 成熟 (chéngshú) to describe people's behavior and personality. You will often use it with the adverb '很' (hěn) to say someone is 'very mature.' For example, '他很成熟' (He is very mature). This is a useful compliment for friends or colleagues. You can also use the negative form '不成熟' (bù chéngshú) to describe someone who is acting like a child. At this stage, you should also notice that 成熟 is used for plans or ideas. If you and your friends are planning a trip, you might say the plan is not yet 成熟 if you haven't decided where to stay. This level is about moving from the physical world (fruit) to the social and mental world (people and plans). You will also begin to see it in simple stories and dialogues where characters are praised for being 'grown-up.' It's an important word for describing the transition from childhood to adulthood, which is a common topic in language learning materials.

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At the B1 level, 成熟 (chéngshú) becomes a key vocabulary item for professional and academic contexts. You will use it to describe 'mature markets' (成熟的市场), 'mature technology' (成熟的技术), and 'mature timing' (时机成熟). At this level, you should be able to use it in more complex sentence structures, such as '随着技术的成熟...' (As the technology matures...). You will also learn to distinguish 成熟 from similar words like '老练' (experienced) or '完善' (perfected). B1 learners should understand that '成熟' implies a state of stability and reliability. When discussing social issues or business trends, this word allows you to express that a certain phenomenon is no longer new or experimental but has become a standard part of society. You will also encounter it in more formal literature and news reports, where it might describe the 'maturation' of a political system or a social movement. It is no longer just about 'ripeness' but about the 'readiness' of complex entities.

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At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 成熟 (chéngshú) and its cultural connotations. You will recognize it in idioms and four-character expressions like '成熟稳重' (mature and steady). You should be able to discuss the philosophical implications of maturity in Chinese culture—how it relates to emotional control, social harmony, and the 'Middle Way.' At this level, you can use 成熟 to describe subtle qualities in art, literature, or wine. For example, you might describe an author's 'mature style' (成熟的风格). You will also be expected to use the word accurately in business negotiations, such as arguing that 'the conditions for cooperation are mature' (合作条件已经成熟). B2 learners should also be aware of the different pronunciations of '熟' (shú vs shóu) and when they might occur in different dialects, though 'chéngshú' remains the standard for the compound word. Your ability to use this word will reflect your ability to handle abstract concepts with precision.

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At the C1 level, your use of 成熟 (chéngshú) should be indistinguishable from a native speaker's. You will use it to describe highly abstract concepts, such as the 'maturation of a historical period' or the 'mature stage of a philosophical school.' You will understand its use in classical-leaning modern prose, where it might be used to describe the 'ripening' of a soul through suffering. You can engage in deep discussions about what it means to be a 'mature person' in a globalized world vs. a traditional Chinese context. You will also be able to pick up on the word's usage in satire or irony—for example, calling someone 'too mature' to imply they are boring or have lost their youthful passion. At C1, you are not just using the word; you are playing with its connotations and understanding its place in the broader tapestry of Chinese thought. You will also be familiar with technical jargon in fields like biology, psychology, and economics where 成熟 has specific, defined meanings.

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At the C2 level, you possess a mastery of 成熟 (chéngshú) that includes its historical evolution and its most subtle literary applications. You can analyze how the concept of 'maturity' has changed from early agricultural society to the modern digital age in Chinese texts. You can use the word in high-level academic writing to describe systemic evolutions, such as the 'maturation of the legal framework' in the Qing Dynasty vs. the modern era. You are comfortable using it in poetic contexts, where 'ripeness' is a metaphor for the cycle of life and death. At this level, you can also identify and use rare synonyms and related classical terms that preceded the modern use of 成熟. Your understanding is not just linguistic but deeply cultural and historical, allowing you to use the word to express complex, multi-layered ideas about growth, perfection, and the passage of time. You can lecture on the nuances of 'chéngshú' in the works of modern Chinese masters like Lu Xun or Ba Jin.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

成熟 در ۳۰ ثانیه

成熟 (chéngshú) means 'to ripen' or 'to mature.'
It is used for fruit, crops, people's character, and business plans.
As an adjective, it means 'mature' or 'fully developed.'
As a verb, it often uses '了' to show something has finished ripening.

The Chinese word 成熟 (chéngshú) is a versatile term that bridges the gap between the biological world and the psychological realm. At its core, it describes the process of reaching a state of full development. For English speakers, it is most frequently translated as 'to ripen' when referring to plants and 'to mature' when referring to people, ideas, or systems. However, its usage in Chinese is deeply rooted in the concept of completeness and readiness. When you walk through a Chinese fruit market in late summer, you will hear vendors describing peaches or watermelons as 成熟, indicating they are sweet, soft, and ready for consumption. This literal meaning is the foundation upon which all other metaphorical uses are built.

Biological Context: Used to describe crops, fruits, and seeds that have finished growing and are ready to be harvested. It implies a transition from sour or hard to sweet and soft.

Beyond the garden, 成熟 is a high compliment when applied to a person's character. In Chinese culture, being called 'mature' suggests that an individual is stable, reliable, and capable of handling complex social situations with grace. It is not just about age; a young person can be praised for their 成熟 behavior if they show restraint and wisdom.

这些苹果已经成熟了，可以摘了。 (These apples have ripened; they can be picked.)

In professional settings, the word shifts again to describe plans, technologies, or market conditions. A 'mature' plan is one that has been thoroughly vetted and is ready for implementation. A 'mature' market is one that is stable and no longer experiencing volatile growth.

Psychological Context: Refers to emotional intelligence, the ability to control one's temper, and the wisdom to consider others' feelings before acting.

他虽然年轻，但思想很成熟。 (Although he is young, his thinking is very mature.)

Furthermore, the word appears in academic and technical discussions. When a scientist says a theory is 成熟, they mean it is well-supported by evidence and widely accepted. In the world of wine or cheese, it describes the aging process that brings out the best flavors. This broad spectrum of usage makes it one of the most essential terms for describing progress and quality in the Chinese language. It is a word that values the end result of growth, celebrating the moment when potential becomes reality. Whether you are talking about a child's behavior, a startup's business model, or a field of golden wheat, 成熟 is the perfect descriptor for that state of being 'just right.'

Technical Context: Describes systems or processes that have been optimized through time and testing, leaving little room for error.

这项技术已经非常成熟了。 (This technology is already very mature/established.)

时机已经成熟。 (The timing is now ripe/mature.)

我们要学会做一个成熟的人。 (We should learn to be a mature person.)

Using 成熟 (chéngshú) correctly requires understanding its role as both a verb and an adjective. In its simplest form, it acts as an intransitive verb meaning 'to ripen.' You can simply say 'Subject + 成熟了' to indicate that something has reached maturity. The particle '了' (le) is frequently used here to indicate a change in state—from unripe to ripe, or from immature to mature. For example, '庄稼成熟了' (The crops have ripened).

As a Verb (Change of State): When used as a verb, it often follows a noun and is followed by '了' to show that the process of ripening or maturing is complete. It cannot take a direct object; you don't 'mature' something in the same way you 'eat' something.

As an adjective, 成熟 can modify nouns or follow linking verbs. To say someone is very mature, you would use 'Subject + 很 + 成熟'. Note that '很' (hěn) is often required as a placeholder even if you don't mean 'very,' as is standard for Chinese adjectives. To use it as an attributive adjective (modifying a noun directly), you add the particle '的' (de). For instance, '一个成熟的建议' (a mature suggestion).

他的想法非常成熟。 (His ideas are very mature.)

One common structure involves the word '时机' (shíjī - opportunity/timing). The phrase '时机成熟' is a set expression meaning 'the time is ripe.' You will hear this in business negotiations or political discussions when someone believes it is finally the right moment to act.

Attributive Usage: Placed before a noun with '的' to describe a quality. Common pairings include '成熟的男人' (a mature man), '成熟的考虑' (mature consideration), and '成熟的市场' (a mature market).

等时机成熟，我们就出发。 (When the timing is ripe, we will set off.)

It is also important to note that 成熟 can be used in the negative to criticize someone's behavior. '不成熟' (bù chéngshú) is a common way to say someone is childish or that a plan is half-baked. '你太不成熟了!' (You are too immature!) is a strong emotional statement.

Negative Form: Using '不' before 成熟 to indicate lack of development. Often used in interpersonal conflicts to describe impulsive or thoughtless actions.

这是一个不成熟的决定。 (This is an immature/hasty decision.)

葡萄还要过几天才能成熟。 (The grapes will take a few more days to ripen.)

You will encounter 成熟 (chéngshú) in a wide variety of social and professional environments in China. In the domestic sphere, parents often use it to discuss their children's progress. You might hear a mother proudly telling her friend, '我家孩子最近懂事多了，越来越成熟了' (My child is much more sensible lately, getting more and more mature). Here, maturity is equated with '懂事' (dǒngshì - understanding things), which is the ultimate goal of Chinese upbringing.

Family and Education: Used to describe a child's transition into adulthood, focusing on their sense of responsibility toward the family.

In the workplace, the word is indispensable. During project meetings, managers will evaluate proposals based on whether they are 成熟. If a plan is '不成熟,' it means it needs more research or thought. In the tech industry, developers speak of '成熟的架构' (mature architecture) to describe software systems that are stable and bug-free.

我们在等一个更成熟的方案。 (We are waiting for a more mature/complete proposal.)

On the news and in political discourse, you will hear about '成熟的合作关系' (mature cooperative relationships) between countries. This implies that the relationship has moved past initial friction and has established stable protocols for communication.

News and Media: Frequently used to describe international relations, market economies, and social trends that have stabilized.

In the realm of entertainment and romance, '成熟' is a common adjective in dating profiles and television dramas. A '成熟稳重' (mature and steady) man is often portrayed as the ideal romantic partner in Chinese media. This specific four-character phrase (chengyu-like) highlights the cultural value placed on emotional stability.

他那种成熟的魅力很吸引人。 (That kind of mature charm is very attractive.)

Finally, in the agricultural heartlands of China, the word is seasonal. During the harvest, news reports will detail the 成熟期 (ripening period) of various crops, which is vital for the economy.

Agricultural Reports: Used to discuss the timing of harvests and the quality of the yield based on how well the crops have matured.

今年的水稻成熟得比较早。 (The rice ripened quite early this year.)

One of the most common mistakes for English speakers is confusing 成熟 (成熟) with its constituent character 熟 (shú). While they are related, they are not interchangeable. '熟' on its own usually means 'cooked' or 'familiar.' If you say '这个苹果熟了,' it means the apple is ripe. But if you say '这个肉熟了,' it means the meat is cooked. You cannot use '成熟' to describe cooked meat.

Mistake: Using it for Cooking: Never use 成熟 to say food is ready to eat after cooking. Use '熟了' (shú le) or '好了' (hǎo le) instead.

Another mistake is the misuse of '成熟' to describe physical age. In English, we might say 'He is a mature 50-year-old.' In Chinese, if you want to say someone is old or elderly, you use '老' (lǎo) or '年纪大' (niánjì dà). '成熟' refers specifically to the *quality* of their mind or the *state* of their development, not the number of years they have lived.

错误: 他是一个很成熟的老人。 (Mistake: He is a very 'ripened' old man - sounds strange if you just mean he's old.)

Learners also often try to use '成熟' as a transitive verb, saying things like '时间成熟了这个计划' (Time matured this plan). This is incorrect in Chinese. '成熟' is intransitive. You should say '经过一段时间，这个计划成熟了' (After a period of time, this plan matured).

Mistake: Transitive Usage: Do not follow 成熟 with an object. It describes the state of the subject itself.

There is also a subtle mistake involving 'ripe' in the context of smells. In English, a 'ripe' smell often means a bad, pungent smell (like old socks). In Chinese, '成熟' never has this negative connotation regarding odor. If something smells 'ripe' in a bad way, use '臭' (chòu - stinky).

正确用法: 这种芝士有种成熟的风味。 (Correct: This cheese has a mature flavor.)

Finally, avoid using '成熟' to describe 'adult' content like movies or games. As mentioned before, the correct term is '成人' (chéngrén). Calling a movie a '成熟的电影' would imply the movie is well-made and sophisticated, not that it contains violence or nudity.

Mistake: Adult Ratings: For 'Age 18+' content, use '成人级' (chéngrén jí). 成熟 is a positive trait of character or quality, not a rating.

Understanding the synonyms of 成熟 (chéngshú) helps you choose the exact shade of meaning for your context. A common alternative when talking about people is 老练 (lǎoliàn). While '成熟' is a general term for maturity, '老练' specifically implies being 'seasoned' or 'experienced.' It is often used for someone who knows all the tricks of their trade.

成熟 vs. 老练: 成熟 is about emotional stability and development; 老练 is about skill and experience gained over time. You can be mature (成熟) but not yet seasoned (老练) in a specific job.

Another related word is 完善 (wánshàn), which means 'to perfect' or 'to make complete.' This is often a better choice than '成熟' when you are talking about improving a system or a law. If '成熟' describes the state of being ready, '完善' describes the process of making it better.

我们需要进一步完善这个方案。 (We need to further perfect/complete this plan.)

For describing fruit specifically, you can simply use 熟 (shú). In casual conversation, '苹果熟了' is more common than '苹果成熟了.' '成熟' sounds slightly more formal or scientific in a biological context.

成熟 vs. 熟: 成熟 is formal and multi-purpose; 熟 is casual and specifically means 'ripe' or 'cooked'.

When talking about timing, 到时候 (dào shíhou) is a common colloquial alternative. Instead of saying '等到时机成熟' (wait until the opportunity is mature), people often say '到时候再说' (we'll talk about it when the time comes).

等时机成熟，我们再行动。 (When the time is ripe, we'll act.) vs. 到时候我们就知道了。 (When the time comes, we will know.)

稳重 (wěnzhòng): Often paired with 成熟, this word means 'steady' or 'staid.' It describes the calm demeanor of a mature person.

他的表演非常老成。 (His performance is very mature/sophisticated for his age.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

In ancient Chinese, the character for 'ripe' and 'cooked' was the same. This is because heat (cooking) and sun (ripening) were seen as doing the same job—transforming raw material into something useful.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /tʃʰəŋ³⁵ ʂu³⁵/

US /tʃʰəŋ³⁵ ʂu³⁵/

In Mandarin, syllables usually have equal weight, but the second syllable 'shú' often carries the emphasis of the completed state.

هم‌قافیه با

成 (chéng) rhymes with: 明 (míng), 听 (tīng), 情 (qíng) 熟 (shú) rhymes with: 读 (dú), 福 (fú), 足 (zú)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'shú' as 'shū' (first tone).
Confusing the 'ch' in 'chéng' with 'zh'.
Using the colloquial 'shóu' pronunciation in formal reading.
Failing to curl the tongue for the 'sh' sound.
Mixing up the tones, pronouncing it as 'chéngshù' (4th tone).

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

The characters are moderately complex but common in daily life.

نوشتن 4/5

Writing '熟' requires many strokes and correct radical placement.

صحبت کردن 2/5

The pronunciation is straightforward, though tones must be clear.

گوش دادن 2/5

Easily recognizable in context due to its distinct sound.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

成 (become) 熟 (cooked/familiar) 水果 (fruit) 人 (person) 想 (think)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

老练 (seasoned) 稳重 (steady) 时机 (opportunity) 完善 (perfect) 表现 (manifestation)

پیشرفته

瓜熟蒂落深思熟虑心智架构投资环境

گرامر لازم

Aspect particle '了' for change of state

苹果成熟了。

Adjective modification with '的'

成熟的男人。

Adverbial '很' with adjectives

他很成熟。

Negative '不' with adjectives

这个想法不成熟。

Comparison with '比'

他比我成熟。

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

苹果成熟了。

The apples are ripe.

Subject + 成熟 + 了 (indicates change of state).

这些葡萄还没成熟。

These grapes are not yet ripe.

还没 + 成熟 (not yet ripe).

西瓜成熟了吗？

Is the watermelon ripe?

Question with 吗.

香蕉成熟了很甜。

Ripe bananas are very sweet.

Adjective usage describing a property.

草莓成熟的时候是红色的。

Strawberries are red when they are ripe.

...的时候 (when...).

我喜欢吃成熟的水果。

I like to eat ripe fruit.

成熟的 + Noun.

夏天，很多水果都成熟了。

In summer, many fruits ripen.

Adverb 都 (all/already).

农民在等庄稼成熟。

Farmers are waiting for the crops to ripen.

Verb usage in a continuous context.

他是一个很成熟的孩子。

He is a very mature child.

Using 成熟 to describe personality.

你的想法不太成熟。

Your idea is not very mature.

不太 (not very) + 成熟.

她比去年成熟多了。

She is much more mature than last year.

Comparison with 多了 (much more).

我们应该成熟一点。

We should be a bit more mature.

一点 (a bit) to soften the suggestion.

这个计划还不成熟。

This plan is not yet mature/ready.

Still not (还) + 成熟.

学会控制情绪是成熟的表现。

Learning to control emotions is a sign of maturity.

成熟的 + Noun (表现 - manifestation/sign).

他说话做事都很成熟。

He is mature in both his speech and actions.

Parallel structure with 都.

你觉得他成熟吗？

Do you think he is mature?

Asking for an opinion.

随着市场的成熟，竞争越来越激烈。

As the market matures, competition becomes more intense.

随着...的成熟 (With the maturation of...).

这项技术已经非常成熟了。

This technology is already very mature.

Emphasis with 非常.

时机已经成熟，我们可以开始了。

The time is ripe; we can start.

Set phrase '时机成熟'.

他处理问题的方式很成熟。

The way he handles problems is very mature.

Describing a process/method.

我们需要一个成熟的方案来解决这个问题。

We need a mature plan to solve this problem.

Attributive adjective usage.

他看起来比实际年龄要成熟。

He looks more mature than his actual age.

Comparison with age.

这种商业模式在国外已经很成熟了。

This business model is already very mature abroad.

Describing an abstract system.

只有经历过困难，人才能变得成熟。

Only after going through difficulties can one become mature.

Conditional structure 只有...才.

他成熟稳重的性格赢得了大家的信任。

His mature and steady character won everyone's trust.

Compound adjective 成熟稳重.

这是一个考虑成熟的决定。

This is a well-considered (maturely considered) decision.

成熟 modifying the verb 考虑 in an adjectival phrase.

该地区的投资环境日益成熟。

The investment environment in this region is maturing day by day.

日益 (day by day) + 成熟.

他的作品展现出一种成熟的艺术风格。

His work displays a mature artistic style.

Describing aesthetic quality.

我们要以成熟的心态面对失败。

We should face failure with a mature mindset.

以...的心态 (with a ... mindset).

这种产品的生产工艺已经非常成熟。

The production process for this product is very mature.

Describing technical proficiency.

经过多年的磨练，他的演技更加成熟了。

After years of tempering, his acting has become more mature.

更加 (even more) + 成熟.

我们要等待条件成熟再采取行动。

We must wait for the conditions to mature before taking action.

Condition + 成熟.

这部小说标志着作家创作思想的成熟。

This novel marks the maturation of the author's creative thought.

Nouns of process/milestone.

社会制度的成熟需要漫长的历史过程。

The maturation of social systems requires a long historical process.

Abstract systemic growth.

他的言谈举止透着一种超越年龄的成熟。

His speech and behavior exude a maturity that transcends his age.

超越年龄 (transcending age).

这种理论在学术界已经相当成熟并被广泛接受。

This theory is quite mature in academia and widely accepted.

Academic register.

他不再年轻，但那份成熟的魅力却与日俱增。

He is no longer young, but that mature charm increases with each passing day.

与日俱增 (increasing daily).

我们需要审视目前尚不成熟的法律框架。

We need to examine the currently immature legal framework.

尚不 (not yet/still not).

这种情感的成熟源于对生活的深刻理解。

This emotional maturity stems from a deep understanding of life.

源于 (stems from).

当一种文化走向成熟，它往往会变得包容。

When a culture moves toward maturity, it often becomes inclusive.

走向 (moving toward).

晚唐诗歌在艺术手法上达到了极高的成熟度。

Late Tang poetry reached an extremely high degree of maturity in its artistic techniques.

成熟度 (degree of maturity).

这种政治体制的成熟是以牺牲个人自由为代价的吗？

Is the maturation of this political system at the cost of individual freedom?

Philosophical inquiry.

他在哲学思考中寻求一种心智的绝对成熟。

He seeks an absolute maturity of mind in his philosophical reflections.

Absolute concepts.

工业革命后，资本主义生产关系逐渐趋于成熟。

After the Industrial Revolution, capitalist production relations gradually matured.

趋于 (tending toward).

该学说的成熟标志着人类对宇宙认知的新阶段。

The maturation of this doctrine marks a new stage in human cognition of the universe.

Cognitive development.

他的文字中有一种冷峻而成熟的悲剧感。

There is a stern and mature sense of tragedy in his writing.

Literary criticism.

随着外交政策的成熟，该国在国际舞台上的影响力不断扩大。

As its foreign policy matures, the country's influence on the international stage continues to expand.

Geopolitical context.

这种心理防御机制是人格成熟的必然产物。

This psychological defense mechanism is an inevitable product of personality maturation.

Psychological terminology.

ترکیب‌های رایج

时机成熟

思想成熟

技术成熟

市场成熟

条件成熟

心智成熟

作品成熟

性格成熟

庄稼成熟

考虑成熟

عبارات رایج

不成熟

— Immature or not ready.

这个想法还不成熟。

越来越成熟

— Becoming more and more mature.

他变得越来越成熟了。

成熟期

— The ripening period or stage of maturity.

产品进入了成熟期。

成熟感

— A sense of maturity.

他身上有一种成熟感。

成熟度

— Degree of maturity.

测试软件的成熟度。

走向成熟

— Moving towards maturity.

我们的关系正在走向成熟。

成熟稳重

— Mature and steady (ideal personality).

他是个成熟稳重的人。

时机尚不成熟

— The time is not yet ripe.

现在谈这件事时机尚不成熟。

生理成熟

— Physical maturity.

生理成熟不代表心理成熟。

心理成熟

— Psychological maturity.

心理成熟是一个缓慢的过程。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

成熟 vs 熟 (shú)

Shú can mean 'cooked' or 'familiar,' whereas 成熟 is specifically 'ripened' or 'mature.'

成熟 vs 完善 (wánshàn)

Wánshàn means to make something perfect/complete, often used for systems, while 成熟 is the state of being developed.

成熟 vs 老练 (lǎoliàn)

Lǎoliàn implies being 'seasoned' or having lots of experience, whereas 成熟 is about general development.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"瓜熟蒂落"

— When the melon is ripe, it falls; things will happen naturally when the time is right.

别急，瓜熟蒂落，事情总会解决的。

Literary

"少年老成"

— A young person who is as mature as an old man.

这孩子说话少年老成。

Neutral

"老谋深算"

— Making deep plans and calculating carefully (sometimes negative).

他是一个老谋深算的商人。

Formal

"水到渠成"

— When water flows, a channel is formed; success comes naturally when conditions are ripe.

只要努力，成功自然水到渠成。

Literary

"深思熟虑"

— Deep thought and careful consideration.

这是经过深思熟虑的决定。

Formal

"熟能生巧"

— Practice makes perfect.

熟能生巧，多练习就好了。

Common

"半生不熟"

— Half-cooked or half-ripe; metaphorically, not proficient.

他的汉语还半生不熟的。

Informal

"大器晚成"

— A great talent takes time to mature; late bloomer.

他五十岁才出名，真是大器晚成。

Positive

"精明强干"

— Shrewd and capable (often associated with maturity).

她是个精明强干的领导。

Formal

"稳扎稳打"

— Go steadily and strike surely.

我们要稳扎稳打，等时机成熟。

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

成熟 vs 熟 (shú)

Both share a character and the meaning of 'ripe'.

成熟 is more formal and can be used for abstract concepts like 'plans' or 'character'. 熟 is mostly for food or physical ripeness.

肉熟了 (The meat is cooked) - Correct. 肉成熟了 - Wrong.

成熟 vs 老 (lǎo)

Both can refer to being older.

老 refers to physical age. 成熟 refers to mental or developmental state. A young person can be 成熟, but not 老.

他很成熟 (He is mature). 他很老 (He is old).

成熟 vs 成人 (chéngrén)

Both relate to being an adult.

成人 is a noun (an adult) or a rating (adult content). 成熟 is an adjective describing quality.

成人电影 (Adult movie). 成熟的电影 (A sophisticated movie).

成熟 vs 完善 (wánshàn)

Both imply something is finished or good.

完善 is often a verb 'to improve/perfect'. 成熟 is a state.

完善制度 (Perfect the system). 制度成熟 (The system is mature).

成熟 vs 老练 (lǎoliàn)

Both describe capable adults.

老练 specifically means having experience and skills. 成熟 is broader character maturity.

他办事很老练 (He handles things like a pro).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Noun + 成熟了

西瓜成熟了。

Person + 很成熟

他很成熟。

时机 + 成熟

时机成熟了。

成熟的 + Noun

成熟的技术。

变得 + 成熟

他变得成熟了。

随着...的成熟

随着市场的成熟。

超越年龄的 + 成熟

超越年龄的成熟。

趋于 + 成熟

体制趋于成熟。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

成熟度 (maturity degree)

成熟期 (ripening period)

فعل‌ها

成熟 (to mature/ripen)

صفت‌ها

成熟的 (mature)

不成熟的 (immature)

مرتبط

熟人 (acquaintance)

熟练 (skilled)

熟食 (cooked food)

熟睡 (deep sleep)

成就 (achievement)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very high in both spoken and written Chinese.

اشتباهات رایج

我的牛排成熟了。 → 我的牛排熟了。
成熟 is for biological ripening, not cooking. Use 熟 for food.
他是一个成熟的人（meaning old person）。 → 他是一个老人。
成熟 refers to character/development, not physical age. Use 老 for age.
我成熟了这个计划。 → 我让这个计划变得成熟了。
成熟 is intransitive and cannot take a direct object. Use a 'make' or 'become' structure.
这部电影很成熟 (meaning adult content). → 这是一部成人电影。
成熟 describes quality/sophistication. 成人 describes the age rating.
时机很成熟。 → 时机成熟了。
While '很成熟' is grammatically okay, '时机成熟了' is the standard idiomatic way to say the time is ripe.

نکات

Using '了' with 成熟

When '成熟' acts as a verb meaning 'to ripen,' always add '了' to show the change has happened. '果子成熟了' sounds much more natural than '果子成熟'.

The 'Steady' Pair

Pair '成熟' with '稳重' (wěnzhòng) to describe the ultimate reliable person. This four-character combo is very common in professional settings.

Confucian Maturity

Remember that in China, maturity often means being considerate of others' feelings (懂事). It's less about being 'independent' and more about being 'responsible'.

Tone Accuracy

Both tones in 'chéngshú' are second (rising) tones. Make sure your voice goes up twice, like you're asking two short questions back-to-back.

Business Maturity

In business, if someone says your plan is '不成熟,' don't take it personally. It usually just means they want more data or a more detailed risk analysis.

Timing is Everything

Memorize '时机成熟' as a single unit. It's the most common way to discuss readiness in projects and life.

Radical Recognition

The bottom of '熟' is the 'fire' radical (灬). Think of the sun 'cooking' the fruit until it's ripe.

Ripe vs Cooked

Always use '熟了' for your dinner and '成熟了' for the fruit on the tree. Using '成熟' for a steak will make people laugh!

Complimenting Kids

Telling a Chinese parent that their child is '成熟' or '懂事' is one of the best compliments you can give.

Abstract Growth

Don't be afraid to use '成熟' for abstract things like 'friendship' or 'emotions.' It shows you have a high level of Chinese.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 成 (chéng) as 'becoming' and 熟 (shú) as 'cooked.' When you have 'become cooked' by the experiences of life, you are 'mature.'

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a bright red, juicy apple (成熟) next to a wise old man with a calm smile (成熟). Both have reached their best state.

شبکه واژگان

Fruit Wisdom Plan Time Sun Growth Experience Ready

چالش

Try to describe three things in your house that are 成熟 (e.g., a fruit, a plant, or a housemate's behavior) using a full sentence for each.

ریشه کلمه

The character 成 (chéng) originally depicted a weapon (axe) and a phonetic component, signifying completion or finishing a task. 熟 (shú) originally meant 'to cook' or 'cooked,' showing fire (灬) at the bottom. Together, they signify the process of being 'cooked to completion' by nature or time.

معنای اصلی: To be fully cooked or fully grown.

Sino-Tibetan / Sinitic

بافت فرهنگی

Calling an adult '不成熟' (immature) is a significant insult in Chinese culture as it implies they are failing in their social duties.

English speakers often use 'mature' for people and 'ripe' for fruit. In Chinese, one word covers both, emphasizing the natural process of growth.

The saying '瓜熟蒂落' (When the melon is ripe, it falls) from ancient literature. Modern pop songs often use '成熟' to describe the pain of growing up. Business news frequently discusses '成熟市场' (Mature markets) like the US or EU.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

At the Supermarket

这个熟了吗？
成熟的西瓜
还没熟
挑熟的买

In a Business Meeting

时机成熟
方案不成熟
市场已经成熟
成熟的技术

Discussing Personality

很成熟
不成熟的表现
变得成熟了
成熟稳重

Agriculture

庄稼成熟
成熟季节
成熟期
等待成熟

Art/Literature

风格成熟
成熟的作品
笔法成熟
创作成熟

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你觉得一个人成熟的标志是什么？ (What do you think is the sign of a person's maturity?)"

"这种水果什么时候成熟？ (When does this fruit ripen?)"

"你认为现在的时机成熟了吗？ (Do you think the time is ripe now?)"

"他看起来是不是比同龄人更成熟？ (Does he look more mature than others his age?)"

"你喜欢成熟稳重的人吗？ (Do you like people who are mature and steady?)"

موضوعات نگارش

写一写你认为自己变得成熟的瞬间。 (Write about a moment when you felt you became mature.)

描述一个你认为非常成熟的人。 (Describe a person you think is very mature.)

讨论一下技术成熟对社会的影响。 (Discuss the impact of technology maturation on society.)

你觉得‘幼稚’和‘成熟’之间最大的区别是什么？ (What is the biggest difference between 'childish' and 'mature'?)

描述一次你因为‘时机不成熟’而失败的经历。 (Describe an experience where you failed because the 'timing was not ripe'.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, you should use '熟了' (shú le) for cooked food. '成熟' is for ripening or maturity.

Yes, usually. It implies someone is reliable, wise, and stable. However, in some contexts, it might imply someone has lost their youthful energy.

They are the same character (熟). 'Shú' is the formal/standard reading. 'Shóu' is a colloquial reading common in Northern China.

Use the phrase '时机成熟了' (shíjī chéngshú le).

Yes, it can describe an animal reaching sexual or physical maturity (e.g., 性成熟 - sexual maturity).

It can be. It's often used to criticize someone's impulsive or thoughtless behavior.

Yes, you can describe a wine as having a '成熟的风味' (mature flavor).

In Chinese, the same word can act as a noun (maturity) depending on the context, or you can use '成熟度' (degree of maturity).

Yes, that is a perfectly correct way to say 'a ripe apple'.

Use the phrase '成熟的市场' (chéngshú de shìchǎng).

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