贫困 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Poverty: a state of lacking financial resources and basic necessities.
- Describes extreme lack of essentials for living.
- Used for social, economic, and policy discussions.
- Can be a noun (poverty) or adjective (poor, impoverished).
The Chinese word 贫困 (pínkùn) refers to poverty or being impoverished. It describes a state of lacking sufficient resources, especially financial ones, to meet basic needs like food, shelter, clothing, and healthcare. This term is often used in discussions about social issues, economics, development, and the well-being of individuals and communities.
- Usage Notes
- It can function as both a noun (the state of poverty) and an adjective (poor, impoverished).
- Contexts
- You'll encounter 贫困 in news reports about economic disparity, government policies aimed at poverty alleviation, sociological studies, and personal accounts of hardship.
This region is still facing serious 贫困.
The word emphasizes a lack of basic necessities and a standard of living significantly below the norm. It's a strong term that conveys a sense of deprivation and struggle.
- Nuance
- While it directly translates to poverty, it often carries connotations of hardship, struggle, and a lack of opportunity.
Many children in this area live in 贫困 conditions.
Understanding 贫困 is crucial for grasping discussions about social welfare, global development goals, and the challenges faced by vulnerable populations worldwide. It's a term that evokes empathy and highlights the need for support and intervention.
The government is implementing measures to reduce 贫困.
It’s a word that encapsulates a challenging reality for millions, prompting discussions about inequality, economic systems, and humanitarian efforts.
- Related Concepts
- Often discussed alongside concepts like economic development (经济发展), social inequality (社会不公), and humanitarian aid (人道主义援助).
Many families in rural areas suffer from severe 贫困.
Using 贫困 (pínkùn) correctly involves understanding its dual role as a noun and an adjective. As a noun, it refers to the state or condition of poverty. As an adjective, it describes something or someone as being poor or impoverished.
- As a Noun
- When used as a noun, 贫困 often appears as the subject or object of a sentence, or after prepositions. It denotes the abstract concept of poverty.
我们必须解决这个国家存在的 贫困 问题。
In this example, 贫困 is the direct object of the verb 'solve' (解决), referring to the issue of poverty itself.
- As an Adjective
- As an adjective, 贫困 modifies a noun, describing its state of being poor. It often appears before the noun it modifies.
许多 贫困 地区的孩子们需要更多的帮助。
Here, 贫困 acts as an adjective modifying 地区 (dìqū - areas), specifying that they are impoverished.
- Common Structures
- It's frequently used in phrases like '贫困地区' (pínkùn dìqū - impoverished areas), '贫困家庭' (pínkùn jiātíng - poor families), '贫困人口' (pínkùn rénkǒu - impoverished population), and '生活贫困' (shēnghuó pínkùn - living in poverty).
这个村庄的大多数家庭都过着 贫困 的生活。
In this sentence, 贫困 describes the lifestyle (生活).
经济发展缓慢导致了 贫困 的蔓延。
The word is also used in more abstract contexts, such as discussing the causes and effects of poverty.
You'll frequently encounter 贫困 (pínkùn) in various real-world scenarios, particularly in contexts related to social issues, news, and policy discussions. Its prevalence highlights its importance in describing a significant aspect of societal challenges.
- News and Media
- News reports often discuss 贫困 when covering economic disparities, natural disasters that displace people and lead to hardship, or the impact of policies on vulnerable populations. Headlines might read: "贫困 地区面临严峻挑战" (Impoverished areas face severe challenges).
政府正在努力改善 贫困 村庄的生活条件。
- Government and Policy Discussions
- Discussions about poverty alleviation (扶贫 - fúpín), social welfare programs, and economic development strategies frequently use 贫困. For example, officials might talk about "贫困 线的标准" (pínkùn xiàn de biāozhǔn - the poverty line standard).
减少 贫困 是我们最重要的目标之一。
- Academic and Sociological Contexts
- Researchers and academics use 贫困 in their studies of social stratification, economic development, and the impact of poverty on health, education, and crime. You might see phrases like "贫困 的代际传递" (pínkùn de dàijì chuándì - intergenerational transmission of poverty).
教育是摆脱 贫困 的关键。
- Everyday Conversations (with nuance)
- While less common in casual chat about everyday life unless the topic directly arises, people might use it to describe difficult circumstances. For instance, someone might say, "我最近手头有点 贫困" (Wǒ zuìjìn shǒutóu yǒudiǎn pínkùn - I'm a bit short of money/impoverished lately), though more common informal phrases might be used.
这个项目旨在帮助 贫困 家庭。
The term is also used by NGOs and international organizations working on development and aid, describing the populations they serve.
While 贫困 (pínkùn) is a straightforward word for poverty, learners might make a few common errors, often related to its usage as a noun versus an adjective, or confusing it with similar but distinct terms.
- Confusing Noun and Adjective Usage
- Mistake: Using 贫困 directly as a verb or in structures where it doesn't fit grammatically as a noun or adjective. For example, saying "他贫困了" (Tā pínkùn le - He impoverished) might sound awkward as it implies an action of becoming poor rather than a state.
- Correct Usage: As a noun, it refers to the state: "贫困 是一个严重的问题" (Pínkùn shì yīgè yánzhòng de wèntí - Poverty is a serious problem). As an adjective, it modifies a noun: "贫困 家庭" (pínkùn jiātíng - poor family).
Incorrect: 他贫困了。
- Overusing it in Casual Conversation
- Mistake: Using 贫困 to describe minor financial difficulties. While technically correct, it can sound overly dramatic or formal in casual settings.
- Alternative: For minor financial struggles, phrases like "手头紧" (shǒutóu jǐn - tight on cash) or "经济困难" (jīngjì kùnnán - economic difficulties) might be more appropriate in informal contexts.
Incorrect: 我今天没钱买咖啡，我好贫困！
- Confusing with Similar Terms
- Mistake: Confusing 贫困 with words that describe related but different concepts, such as '贫穷' (pínqióng), which also means poor but can be more general or less formal, or '赤贫' (chìpín), meaning destitution or extreme poverty.
- Distinction: 贫困 often implies a lack of basic necessities and is frequently used in socio-economic contexts. '贫穷' is a broader term for being poor. '赤贫' denotes a more severe state of lacking even the most basic survival needs.
Correct: 许多发展中国家仍然存在 贫困 问题。
Understanding these nuances will help you use 贫困 more effectively and appropriately.
While 贫困 (pínkùn) is a key term for poverty, there are other words and phrases in Chinese that express similar or related concepts, each with its own nuance and usage.
- 贫穷 (pínqióng)
- Meaning: Poor, impoverished. This is the most common and general term for being poor.
- Comparison: 贫困 (pínkùn) often emphasizes the state of lacking resources and is more frequently used in socio-economic and policy contexts, implying a lack of basic necessities. 贫穷 (pínqióng) is a broader term and can be used more generally to describe a lack of wealth.
- Example: 他很贫穷，但很善良。(Tā hěn pínqióng, dàn hěn shànliáng. - He is very poor but very kind.)
- 拮据 (jiéjù)
- Meaning: (of finances) strained, short of money, hard up.
- Comparison: 贫困 refers to a more systemic and severe state of poverty. 拮据 describes a temporary or less severe financial difficulty, often implying being just able to make ends meet or struggling to cover immediate expenses.
- Example: 最近生意不好，手头有点拮据。(Zuìjìn shēngyì bù hǎo, shǒutóu yǒudiǎn jiéjù. - Business hasn't been good lately, and I'm a bit short of money.)
- 赤贫 (chìpín)
- Meaning: Destitute, utter poverty, abject poverty.
- Comparison: 贫困 is a general term for poverty. 赤贫 describes a more extreme state of lacking even the most basic necessities for survival, often implying homelessness or starvation.
- Example: 战争导致了许多人陷入赤贫。(Zhànzhēng dǎozhìle xǔduō rén xiànrù chìpín. - The war led many people into destitution.)
- 贫困线 (pínkùn xiàn)
- Meaning: Poverty line. This is a specific term used in economics and social policy.
- Comparison: 贫困 is the state of poverty itself, while 贫困线 is a measure or threshold used to define who is considered to be living in poverty.
- Example: 他们的收入低于贫困线。(Tāmen de shōurù dī yú pínkùn xiàn. - Their income is below the poverty line.)
扶贫 (fúpín)
This related term, '扶贫' (fúpín), meaning poverty alleviation, is often used in conjunction with 贫困 when discussing government or organizational efforts to combat poverty.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The character 困 (kùn) originally depicted a person trapped within a small enclosure, symbolizing a state of being stuck or facing difficulty. This imagery powerfully conveys the feeling of being trapped by poverty.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'pín' without aspiration (as 'pin' instead of 'pʰin').
- Using the wrong tone for 'kùn', such as a pure falling tone or a high-level tone.
- Confusing the tones with similar-sounding words.
- Not properly articulating the 'k' sound, making it sound too soft.
- Incorrectly separating the syllables, which should flow together naturally.
سطح دشواری
CEFR B1 level. The word itself is common, but understanding its nuances in socio-economic contexts might require more advanced reading comprehension.
CEFR B1 level. Using it accurately in written sentences, especially in formal contexts, requires careful attention to grammar and collocation.
CEFR B1 level. Pronunciation and tone are important. Using it appropriately in conversation depends on the context and the formality of the discussion.
CEFR B1 level. It is frequently heard in news and discussions related to social issues, so recognition is important.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Using 的 (de) to connect adjectives and nouns.
贫困 (pínkùn) + 的 (de) + 地区 (dìqū) = 贫困的地区 (pínkùn de dìqū - impoverished areas). Note: When the adjective is monosyllabic or very common, 的 is sometimes omitted, as in 贫困地区.
Using 是 (shì) to define or equate.
贫困 (pínkùn) + 是 (shì) + 一个严重的问题 (yīgè yánzhòng de wèntí) = 贫困是一个严重的问题 (Poverty is a serious problem).
Using 存在 (cúnzài) to indicate existence.
这个地区 + 存在 (cúnzài) + 贫困 (pínkùn) = 这个地区存在贫困 (Poverty exists in this area).
Using existential sentences with 在 (zài) or 着 (zhe) for states.
很多人 + 生活在 (shēnghuó zài) + 贫困 (pínkùn) + 中 = 很多人生活在贫困中 (Many people live in poverty).
Using verbs like 减少 (jiǎnshǎo), 消除 (xiāochú), 摆脱 (bǎituō) with 贫困.
我们应该努力 + 减少 (jiǎnshǎo) + 贫困 (pínkùn) = 我们应该努力减少贫困 (We should strive to reduce poverty).
مثالها بر اساس سطح
这个地区很贫困。
This area is very poor.
他们生活贫困。
They live in poverty.
那里有很多贫困的人。
There are many poor people there.
我们需要帮助贫困的孩子。
We need to help poor children.
贫困是一个大问题。
Poverty is a big problem.
他来自一个贫困的家庭。
He comes from a poor family.
这里很贫困，没有多少工作。
It's poor here, not many jobs.
她努力摆脱贫困。
She works hard to escape poverty.
这个村庄大部分家庭都生活在贫困中。
Most families in this village live in poverty.
政府正在实施一项新的扶贫计划。
The government is implementing a new poverty alleviation plan.
贫困地区的孩子们缺乏优质的教育资源。
Children in impoverished areas lack quality educational resources.
长期的贫困会对身心健康产生负面影响。
Long-term poverty can have negative effects on physical and mental health.
我们应该关注那些处于贫困线以下的人们。
We should pay attention to those below the poverty line.
经济衰退加剧了许多家庭的贫困状况。
The economic recession has worsened the poverty situation for many families.
提高教育水平是解决贫困问题的关键。
Improving education levels is key to solving the problem of poverty.
许多非营利组织致力于帮助减少贫困。
Many non-profit organizations are dedicated to helping reduce poverty.
发展中国家普遍面临着严峻的贫困挑战。
Developing countries generally face severe poverty challenges.
社会保障体系的完善有助于缓解贫困。
Improving the social security system helps alleviate poverty.
他们通过创业项目摆脱了长期的贫困。
They escaped long-term poverty through entrepreneurship projects.
气候变化可能导致更多地区陷入贫困。
Climate change may lead more regions into poverty.
我们需要制定可持续的策略来消除贫困。
We need to formulate sustainable strategies to eliminate poverty.
城市化进程中，一些农村地区反而变得更加贫困。
In the process of urbanization, some rural areas have become even more impoverished.
贫困不仅仅是经济问题，更是社会问题。
Poverty is not just an economic issue, but also a social issue.
国际援助在帮助最贫困的国家方面发挥着重要作用。
International aid plays an important role in helping the poorest countries.
尽管经济取得了显著增长，但区域间的贫困差距依然存在。
Despite significant economic growth, the poverty gap between regions still exists.
根除贫困需要多方面的努力，包括教育、医疗和社会保障。
Eradicating poverty requires multi-faceted efforts, including education, healthcare, and social security.
许多研究表明，贫困的代际传递是一个复杂的社会现象。
Many studies show that the intergenerational transmission of poverty is a complex social phenomenon.
全球化在一定程度上加剧了发达国家与贫困国家之间的不平等。
Globalization has, to some extent, exacerbated the inequality between developed and impoverished countries.
我们必须关注那些因意外事件而陷入贫困的群体。
We must focus on groups who fall into poverty due to unforeseen events.
消除绝对贫困是联合国可持续发展目标之一。
Eliminating absolute poverty is one of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.
贫困人口的健康问题往往更为突出，需要得到优先关注。
Health issues among the impoverished population are often more prominent and require priority attention.
通过推广普惠金融，可以帮助低收入人群摆脱贫困。
By promoting inclusive finance, low-income populations can be helped to escape poverty.
对贫困的定义及其衡量标准在不同文化和社会背景下存在差异。
The definition of poverty and its measurement standards vary across different cultures and social backgrounds.
社会结构性因素在维持和加剧贫困方面起着关键作用。
Structural social factors play a crucial role in perpetuating and exacerbating poverty.
这项研究旨在探讨贫困对个体心理韧性的长期影响。
This research aims to explore the long-term impact of poverty on individual psychological resilience.
尽管实施了多项减贫政策，但其成效仍有待评估和改进。
Despite the implementation of numerous poverty reduction policies, their effectiveness still needs evaluation and improvement.
全球性经济危机往往会不成比例地影响到最脆弱的贫困人口。
Global economic crises often disproportionately affect the most vulnerable impoverished populations.
理解贫困的根源需要超越简单的经济指标，深入分析社会、政治和历史因素。
Understanding the root causes of poverty requires going beyond simple economic indicators to deeply analyze social, political, and historical factors.
可持续发展目标中的‘消除贫困’需要创新的解决方案和国际合作。
The 'Poverty Eradication' goal in the Sustainable Development Goals requires innovative solutions and international cooperation.
贫困的污名化可能会阻碍受助者寻求帮助和融入社会。
The stigmatization of poverty can hinder recipients from seeking help and integrating into society.
对贫困的实证研究揭示了其多维度性，远不止于收入的匮乏。
Empirical research on poverty reveals its multidimensionality, extending far beyond a lack of income.
结构性不平等和历史遗留问题是造成持续性贫困的重要根源。
Structural inequality and historical legacies are significant root causes of persistent poverty.
在后殖民语境下，许多前殖民地国家仍深陷贫困的泥沼，其根源错综复杂。
In post-colonial contexts, many former colonies remain mired in poverty, with complex and intricate roots.
有效的减贫策略必须同时解决贫困的症状和其深层根源，并辅以赋权措施。
Effective poverty reduction strategies must address both the symptoms of poverty and its deep-seated causes, supplemented by empowerment measures.
对贫困人口的社会排斥不仅剥夺了他们的资源，也侵蚀了他们的尊严和归属感。
Social exclusion of impoverished populations not only deprives them of resources but also erodes their dignity and sense of belonging.
全球化进程中，资本的流动性与劳动力的固着性加剧了不同地区间的贫富悬殊。
In the process of globalization, the mobility of capital and the immobility of labor have widened the wealth gap between different regions.
评估减贫政策的长期效益需要超越经济指标，关注社会资本、健康福祉和环境可持续性。
Evaluating the long-term benefits of poverty reduction policies requires moving beyond economic indicators to focus on social capital, health and well-being, and environmental sustainability.
贫困研究的范式转变要求我们从宏观的经济分析转向微观的个体经历和社会互动。
The paradigm shift in poverty research demands that we move from macro-economic analysis to micro-level individual experiences and social interactions.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— Impoverished areas; regions characterized by a high degree of poverty.
政府正在加大对贫困地区的扶持力度。(Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài jiādà duì pínkùn dìqū de fúchí lìdù. - The government is increasing support for impoverished areas.)
— Poor families; households experiencing financial hardship and lacking basic necessities.
学校为贫困家庭的学生提供免费午餐。(Xuéxiào wèi pínkùn jiātíng de xuéshēng tígōng miǎnfèi wǔcān. - The school provides free lunches for students from poor families.)
— Impoverished population; people living below the poverty line or experiencing severe deprivation.
统计数据显示，贫困人口的比例正在下降。(Tǒngjì shùjù xiǎnshì, pínkùn rénkǒu de bǐlì zhèngzài xiàjiàng. - Statistics show that the proportion of impoverished population is decreasing.)
— To live in poverty; experiencing a state of lacking resources for a decent standard of living.
他年轻时生活贫困，但从未放弃梦想。(Tā niánqīng shí shēnghuó pínkùn, dàn cóng wèi fàngqì mèngxiǎng. - He lived in poverty when he was young but never gave up his dreams.)
— To reduce poverty; efforts aimed at decreasing the number of people living in poverty.
这是我们减少贫困，促进社会公平的口号。(Zhè shì wǒmen jiǎnshǎo pínkùn, cùjìn shèhuì gōngpíng de kǒuhào. - This is our slogan for reducing poverty and promoting social equity.)
— To escape poverty; to overcome the state of being poor and achieve a better standard of living.
教育是帮助人们摆脱贫困的最有效方式之一。(Jiàoyù shì bāngzhù rénmen bǎituō pínkùn de zuì yǒuxiào fāngshì zhī yī. - Education is one of the most effective ways to help people escape poverty.)
— Absolute poverty; a severe lack of basic human needs, including food, clean water, sanitation, and healthcare.
消除绝对贫困是全球性的挑战。(Xiāochú juéduì pínkùn shì quánqiú xìng de tiǎozhàn. - Eradicating absolute poverty is a global challenge.)
— Relative poverty; poverty defined in relation to the economic status of other members of the society.
相对贫困的标准会随着社会发展而变化。(Xiāngduì pínkùn de biāozhǔn huì suízhe shèhuì fāzhǎn ér biànhuà. - The standard for relative poverty changes with social development.)
— Poverty line; a minimum income level determined by governments to define poverty.
政府正在调整贫困线的标准以适应通货膨胀。(Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài tiáozhěng pínkùn xiàn de biāozhǔn yǐ shìyìng tōnghuò péngzhàng. - The government is adjusting the poverty line standard to account for inflation.)
— Impoverishment; the process of becoming poor or poorer.
经济危机可能导致社会整体的贫困化。(Jīngjì wēijī kěnéng dǎozhì shèhuì zhěngtǐ de pínkùnhuà. - Economic crises can lead to the impoverishment of society as a whole.)
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
贫困 (pínkùn) often implies a more severe lack of basic necessities and is frequently used in socio-economic policy contexts. 贫穷 (pínqióng) is a more general term for being poor and can be used more broadly.
贫困 refers to a state of poverty, often chronic. 拮据 describes more temporary financial strain or being short of money, usually less severe.
贫困 refers to the state of individuals or communities lacking resources. 萧条 usually describes an economic downturn or a general state of decline in a region or industry.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— Literally 'home only has four walls'; describes extreme poverty where there is nothing in the house.
他年轻时家徒四壁，经过多年奋斗才有了今天的成就。(Tā niánqīng shí jiātú sìbì, jīngguò duōnián fèndòu cái yǒule jīntiān de chéngjiù. - He was destitute in his youth; only after many years of struggle did he achieve his current success.)
Formal, descriptive— Clothes do not cover the body; describes extreme poverty where people lack adequate clothing.
在战乱地区，许多孩子衣不蔽体，食不果腹。(Zài zhànluàn dìqū, xǔduō háizi yī bù bìtǐ, shí bù guǒ fù. - In war-torn regions, many children are inadequately clothed and go hungry.)
Formal, descriptive— Food does not fill the stomach; describes hunger due to poverty.
那些失业的工人食不果腹，生活非常艰难。(Nàxiē shīyè de gōngrén shí bù guǒ fù, shēnghuó fēicháng jiānnán. - Those unemployed workers go hungry and live very difficult lives.)
Formal, descriptive— As poor as if washed clean; describes complete destitution, having nothing left.
他赌博输光了所有财产，变得一贫如洗。(Tā dǔbó shūguāngle suǒyǒu cáichǎn, biàn dé yīpín rúxǐ. - He lost all his property gambling and became completely destitute.)
Formal, descriptive— Pulling the lapel to cover the elbow; describes poverty where clothes are worn out and insufficient, often used metaphorically for a situation where fixing one problem creates another.
这个项目的资金非常有限，总是捉襟见肘。(Zhège xiàngmù de zījīn fēicháng yǒuxiàn, zǒng shì zhuō jīn jiàn zhǒu. - The funding for this project is very limited, always creating a situation where fixing one issue exposes another.)
Formal, descriptive/metaphorical— Purse as empty as washed clean; describes having no money at all.
我这个月工资发得太晚了，现在囊空如洗。(Wǒ zhège yuè gōngzī fā dé tài wǎnle, xiànzài náng kōng rúxǐ. - My salary was paid too late this month, and now my purse is empty.)
Formal, descriptive— Worried brows and bitter face; describes a look of distress, often caused by poverty or hardship.
看着家里堆积如山的账单，他愁眉苦脸。(Kànzhe jiālǐ duījī rúshān de zhàngdān, tā chóu méi kǔ liǎn. - Looking at the mountain of bills at home, he had a worried and bitter expression.)
Descriptive, implies hardship— Pulling the lapel to cover the elbow; describes poverty where clothes are worn out and insufficient, often used metaphorically for a situation where fixing one problem creates another.
这个项目的资金非常有限，总是捉襟见肘。(Zhège xiàngmù de zījīn fēicháng yǒuxiàn, zǒng shì zhuō jīn jiàn zhǒu. - The funding for this project is very limited, always creating a situation where fixing one issue exposes another.)
Formal, descriptive/metaphorical— Pulling the lapel to cover the elbow; describes poverty where clothes are worn out and insufficient, often used metaphorically for a situation where fixing one problem creates another.
这个项目的资金非常有限，总是捉襟见肘。(Zhège xiàngmù de zījīn fēicháng yǒuxiàn, zǒng shì zhuō jīn jiàn zhǒu. - The funding for this project is very limited, always creating a situation where fixing one issue exposes another.)
Formal, descriptive/metaphorical— Pulling the lapel to cover the elbow; describes poverty where clothes are worn out and insufficient, often used metaphorically for a situation where fixing one problem creates another.
这个项目的资金非常有限，总是捉襟见肘。(Zhège xiàngmù de zījīn fēicháng yǒuxiàn, zǒng shì zhuō jīn jiàn zhǒu. - The funding for this project is very limited, always creating a situation where fixing one issue exposes another.)
Formal, descriptive/metaphoricalبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both words relate to a lack of wealth and are often translated as 'poor' in English.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark> (pínkùn) emphasizes the state of lacking basic necessities and is often used in formal, socio-economic, or policy contexts, implying a lack of essentials for a minimum standard of living. <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫穷</mark> (pínqióng) is a more general and common term for being poor, describing a lack of money or assets, and can be used in a wider variety of situations, including more informal ones.
很多<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark>地区的孩子无法获得足够的营养。(Hěnduō pínkùn dìqū de háizi wúfǎ huòdé zúgòu de yíngyǎng. - Children in many impoverished areas cannot get enough nutrition.) vs. 他是一个<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫穷</mark>但有才华的艺术家。(Tā shì yīgè pínqióng dàn yǒu cáihuá de yìshùjiā. - He is a poor but talented artist.)
Both terms describe financial difficulty.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark> (pínkùn) refers to a more systemic and often chronic state of poverty, implying a significant lack of resources for basic needs. <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>拮据</mark> (jiéjù) describes a more temporary or less severe financial strain, often meaning being short of money for immediate expenses or having difficulty making ends meet. It's less about destitution and more about financial tightness.
长期<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark>对儿童成长有严重影响。(Chángqī pínkùn duì értóng chéngzhǎng yǒu yánzhòng yǐngxiǎng. - Long-term poverty has a serious impact on children's growth.) vs. 最近生意不好，手头有点<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>拮据</mark>。(Zuìjìn shēngyì bù hǎo, shǒutóu yǒudiǎn jiéjù. - Business hasn't been good lately, and I'm a bit short of money.)
Both terms denote a severe lack of wealth.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark> (pínkùn) is a general term for poverty, indicating a lack of sufficient resources. <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>赤贫</mark> (chìpín) signifies absolute destitution, the most extreme form of poverty where individuals lack even the most basic necessities for survival, such as food, water, and shelter.
政府致力于减少<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark>人口。(Zhèngfǔ zhìlì yú jiǎnshǎo pínkùn rénkǒu. - The government is committed to reducing the impoverished population.) vs. 战争导致了许多人陷入<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>赤贫</mark>。(Zhànzhēng dǎozhìle xǔduō rén xiànrù chìpín. - The war led many people into destitution.)
Both words contain '贫' (pín) and suggest a lack.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark> (pínkùn) specifically refers to economic poverty, a lack of financial resources and basic living essentials. <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫乏</mark> (pínfá) means lacking, scarce, or poor in quality or quantity, and can apply to abstract things like knowledge, experience, or even material goods in a less severe or systemic way than <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark>.
这个地区长期存在<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark>问题。(Zhège dìqū chángqī cúnzài pínkùn wèntí. - This area has long-standing poverty issues.) vs. 他的知识非常<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫乏</mark>，需要多学习。(Tā de zhīshì fēicháng pínfá, xūyào duō xuéxí. - His knowledge is very poor; he needs to study more.)
Both can describe difficult situations, including financial ones.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark> (pínkùn) specifically describes the state of being poor or impoverished, focusing on the lack of resources. <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>艰难</mark> (jiānnán) is a more general adjective meaning difficult, hard, or arduous, and can describe any challenging situation, including financial hardship, but also physical exertion, complex tasks, or emotional struggles.
他们努力工作是为了摆脱<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark>。(Tāmen nǔlì gōngzuò shì wèile bǎituō pínkùn. - They work hard to escape poverty.) vs. 创业初期非常<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>艰难</mark>。(Chuàngyè chūqī fēicháng jiānnán. - The early stages of starting a business were very difficult.)
الگوهای جملهسازی
这个 + Noun + 很 + 贫困。
这个村庄很贫困。
Noun + 生活 + 在 + 贫困 + 中。
很多人生活在贫困中。
Adj + 贫困 + 的 + Noun。
许多贫困地区的儿童需要帮助。
政府/组织 + 正在 + 实施/采取 + 措施 + 解决/减少 + 贫困。
政府正在采取措施解决贫困问题。
教育/努力 + 是 + 摆脱/解决 + 贫困 + 的 + 关键/方法。
教育是摆脱贫困的关键。
虽然 + [Condition], 但 + 贫困 + [Situation]。
虽然经济发展了，但贫困差距依然存在。
贫困 + 不仅仅是 + [Aspect 1], 更是 + [Aspect 2]。
贫困不仅仅是经济问题，更是社会问题。
对 + [Object] + 的 + 贫困 + 研究/分析 + 表明/揭示 + [Finding]。
对贫困人口的研究表明，教育水平与收入密切相关。
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
High
-
Using 贫困 (pínkùn) for minor financial issues.
→
For minor financial difficulties, use phrases like '手头紧' (shǒutóu jǐn - tight on cash) or '经济困难' (jīngjì kùnnán - economic difficulty).
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark> implies a more severe and systemic lack of resources, often related to basic necessities. Using it for trivial money problems can sound overly dramatic or inappropriate.
-
Confusing 贫困 (pínkùn) with 贫穷 (pínqióng) in formal contexts.
→
In formal socio-economic discussions, policy documents, or news reports, <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark> is often preferred for its emphasis on lack of basic needs. <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫穷</mark> is more general.
While both mean 'poor,' <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark> has a more specific connotation of lacking essential resources for survival and is commonly used in official contexts. <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫穷</mark> is broader and more versatile.
-
Incorrect tone or aspiration for pínkùn.
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Pronounce 'pín' with a high-level tone (55) and aspiration, and 'kùn' with a falling-rising tone (214).
Incorrect tones can change the meaning of words or make them unintelligible. Proper aspiration on 'p' is also characteristic of Mandarin pronunciation.
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Using 贫困 (pínkùn) as a verb.
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<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark> is primarily a noun or adjective. To express the action of becoming poor, use phrases like '陷入贫困' (xiànrù pínkùn - fall into poverty) or '变得贫困' (biàn dé pínkùn - become poor).
Directly using <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark> as a verb like 'to impoverish' is not standard. You need to use auxiliary verbs or specific phrases to convey the process.
-
Overlooking the severity implied by 贫困 (pínkùn).
→
Use <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark> when referring to a significant lack of resources that impacts basic living standards, not just minor inconveniences.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>贫困</mark> denotes a serious condition. Using it lightly can trivialize the struggles of those genuinely experiencing poverty.
نکات
Master the Tones
The tones of 贫困 (pínkùn) are crucial. 'pín' is high-level (55), and 'kùn' is falling-rising (214). Practice saying them distinctly and linking them smoothly. Listen to native speakers and mimic their intonation.
Learn Related Terms
Expand your understanding by learning related words like '贫穷' (pínqióng - poor, general), '拮据' (jiéjù - short of money), '赤贫' (chìpín - destitute), and '扶贫' (fúpín - poverty alleviation). This will help you choose the most precise word for your context.
Use Mnemonics and Visuals
Associate 贫困 with images of scarcity or hardship. For example, visualize a 'pin' (pín) that's broken and useless, making life 'con' (kùn)stantly difficult. This helps cement the meaning.
Active Recall
Instead of just reading definitions, actively try to use 贫困 in your own sentences. Write paragraphs about social issues or create dialogues that incorporate the word naturally.
Understand Cultural Nuances
Recognize that in Chinese culture, there's a strong emphasis on resilience and collective effort in overcoming 贫困. Understanding concepts like '小康' (xiǎokāng) provides valuable context.
Immerse Yourself
Watch Chinese news, documentaries, or dramas that discuss social or economic topics. Pay attention to how 贫困 is used by native speakers in various real-life situations.
Noun vs. Adjective
Be aware that 贫困 can be a noun (poverty) or an adjective (poor/impoverished). Ensure correct sentence structure based on its grammatical function.
Read Widely
Read articles, reports, and literature that discuss social issues in Chinese-speaking contexts. This exposure will help you see 贫困 used in diverse and authentic sentences.
Engage in Conversation
Find language partners or join conversation groups where you can practice discussing social topics. Using 贫困 in conversation will boost your confidence and fluency.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Imagine a pin (pín) that is coo (kùn)ked, making it difficult to use and representing the hardship of poverty. Or, think of 'pin' for the lack of things, and 'kun' for the feeling of being 'conned' or trapped by your circumstances.
تداعی تصویری
Picture a very thin, almost starving person (贫) trapped in a difficult situation (困). Visualize a barren land with no resources.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to use 贫困 in three sentences describing different scenarios: one about a geographical area, one about a family, and one about a national policy. Focus on using it correctly as both a noun and an adjective.
ریشه کلمه
The word 贫困 (pínkùn) is a compound word formed by two characters, each contributing to its meaning. 贫 (pín) means poor or lacking, and 困 (kùn) means trapped, difficult, or distressed. Together, they vividly describe a state of being poor and consequently facing difficulties and distress.
معنای اصلی: The character 贫 (pín) itself signifies a lack of resources, often related to food and sustenance. The character 困 (kùn) suggests being in a difficult situation, trapped, or facing hardship, implying a state of struggle and lack of ease.
Sino-Tibetanبافت فرهنگی
When discussing 贫困, it's important to be sensitive and avoid language that could stigmatize or demean individuals or groups experiencing poverty. Focus on the systemic issues and challenges rather than individual blame. Use respectful terminology and acknowledge the dignity of all individuals.
In English-speaking cultures, poverty is also a significant social issue, discussed through economic indicators, social welfare programs, and debates about inequality. Terms like 'poverty,' 'impoverished,' and 'deprivation' are commonly used. There's a similar emphasis on 'pulling oneself up by the bootstraps' but also a strong tradition of charity and social safety nets.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
News reports on economic development and social issues.
- 贫困地区 (pínkùn dìqū)
- 贫困人口 (pínkùn rénkǒu)
- 减少贫困 (jiǎnshǎo pínkùn)
Government policy discussions on welfare and development.
- 扶贫政策 (fúpín zhèngcè)
- 贫困线 (pínkùn xiàn)
- 消除贫困 (xiāochú pínkùn)
Academic research on sociology, economics, and development studies.
- 贫困的根源 (pínkùn de gēnyuán)
- 相对贫困 (xiāngduì pínkùn)
- 代际贫困 (dàijì pínkùn)
Discussions about challenges faced by rural or underdeveloped areas.
- 生活贫困 (shēnghuó pínkùn)
- 贫困家庭 (pínkùn jiātíng)
- 摆脱贫困 (bǎituō pínkùn)
Charity and humanitarian aid initiatives.
- 帮助贫困儿童 (bāngzhù pínkùn értóng)
- 援助贫困国家 (yuánzhù pínkùn guójiā)
- 解决贫困问题 (jiějué pínkùn wèntí)
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"What are some common challenges faced by people living in poverty?"
"How can education help individuals and communities escape poverty?"
"What role does government policy play in reducing poverty?"
"Are there differences in how poverty is perceived in different cultures?"
"What are some effective strategies for poverty alleviation?"
موضوعات نگارش
Describe a time you witnessed or experienced financial hardship. How did it feel, and what did you learn?
Imagine you are a policymaker. What are the top three actions you would take to combat poverty in your country?
Reflect on the relationship between poverty and access to opportunities like education and healthcare.
What does 'a decent standard of living' mean to you? How does poverty prevent people from achieving it?
Consider the impact of global economic changes on poverty levels in different parts of the world.
سوالات متداول
10 سوالWhile both translate to 'poor' or 'poverty,' 贫困 (pínkùn) often implies a more severe lack of basic necessities and is frequently used in socio-economic and policy contexts, suggesting a state of lacking essentials for a minimum standard of living. 贫穷 (pínqióng) is a more general and common term for being poor, describing a lack of money or assets, and can be used in a wider variety of situations, including more informal ones. Think of 贫困 as 'impoverished' and 贫穷 as simply 'poor'.
贫困 (pínkùn) can function as both. As a noun, it refers to the state or condition of poverty (e.g., 贫困是一个问题 - Poverty is a problem). As an adjective, it describes something as being poor or impoverished (e.g., 贫困地区 - impoverished areas).
Use 贫困 (pínkùn) when discussing formal socio-economic issues, policy, news reports, or when emphasizing a severe lack of basic necessities and a low standard of living. For more general or informal descriptions of being poor, 贫穷 (pínqióng) might be more suitable. For temporary financial strain, '拮据' (jiéjù) is better.
Yes, it can be used as an adjective to describe a person or group. For example, '贫困人口' (pínkùn rénkǒu) means 'impoverished population.' However, it's more common to describe the circumstances or areas as 贫困, rather than directly stating '他很贫困' (Tā hěn pínkùn - He is very impoverished), although this is grammatically correct, especially in formal writing.
Some very common phrases include: 贫困地区 (pínkùn dìqū - impoverished areas), 贫困家庭 (pínkùn jiātíng - poor families), 贫困人口 (pínkùn rénkǒu - impoverished population), 贫困线 (pínkùn xiàn - poverty line), and reduction/elimination of poverty (减少/消除贫困 - jiǎnshǎo/xiāochú pínkùn).
贫困 describes a negative state (poverty), so the word itself carries negative connotations related to hardship and lack. However, using the word to describe a situation or challenge is neutral and necessary for discussing social issues. The negativity is associated with the condition itself, not the word's usage in objective description.
China uses a poverty line, '贫困线' (pínkùn xiàn), to define poverty. This line has been adjusted over time to reflect economic development. The definition often includes not just income but also access to basic needs like food, housing, and education, especially in rural revitalization efforts.
Absolute poverty is translated as '绝对贫困' (juéduì pínkùn), referring to a severe lack of basic human needs. Relative poverty is '相对贫困' (xiāngduì pínkùn), which is defined in comparison to the average standard of living in a particular society.
While 贫困 primarily refers to economic poverty, the concept can sometimes be extended metaphorically to describe a lack or scarcity in other areas, though this is less common. For instance, a 'spiritually impoverished' person might be described as '精神贫困' (jīngshén pínkùn), but '贫乏' (pínfá) is more commonly used for abstract lacks like knowledge or experience.
The most direct opposites are '富裕' (fùyù - wealthy, affluent) and '发达' (fādá - developed, prosperous). '小康' (xiǎokāng - moderately prosperous) is also a significant term representing a state above poverty but not necessarily extreme wealth.
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Summary
贫困 (pínkùn) signifies a severe lack of resources, describing the state of being extremely poor and unable to meet basic needs. It's a critical term in discussions of social welfare, economics, and development.
- Poverty: a state of lacking financial resources and basic necessities.
- Describes extreme lack of essentials for living.
- Used for social, economic, and policy discussions.
- Can be a noun (poverty) or adjective (poor, impoverished).
Master the Tones
The tones of 贫困 (pínkùn) are crucial. 'pín' is high-level (55), and 'kùn' is falling-rising (214). Practice saying them distinctly and linking them smoothly. Listen to native speakers and mimic their intonation.
Context is Key
Remember that 贫困 is often used in formal and socio-economic contexts. While it can describe a personal state, it's more common in discussions about societal challenges, policy, and statistics.
Learn Related Terms
Expand your understanding by learning related words like '贫穷' (pínqióng - poor, general), '拮据' (jiéjù - short of money), '赤贫' (chìpín - destitute), and '扶贫' (fúpín - poverty alleviation). This will help you choose the most precise word for your context.
Use Mnemonics and Visuals
Associate 贫困 with images of scarcity or hardship. For example, visualize a 'pin' (pín) that's broken and useless, making life 'con' (kùn)stantly difficult. This helps cement the meaning.
مثال
许多孩子仍然生活在贫困中。
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر society
成就
B1یک دستاورد یا موفقیت بزرگ. او در حرفه خود به دستاوردهای بزرگی رسیده است.
大人
A1adult
老龄化
B1پیری جمعیت یک چالش بزرگ برای سیستمهای رفاه اجتماعی است.
美国人
A1فردی از ایالات متحده آمریکا.
呼吁
B1درخواست عمومی کردن یا فراخوان برای اقدام در مورد یک مسئله اجتماعی یا فوری. اغلب توسط سازمانها و دولتها استفاده میشود.
赞成
B1موافقت با یک پیشنهاد یا نظر.
建筑
B1هنر یا عمل طراحی و ساخت ساختمانها. همچنین میتواند به خود ساختمانها اشاره کند.
氛围
B1جو یا فضای حاکم بر یک مکان یا موقعیت.
指责
B1به شدت از کسی انتقاد کردن یا کسی را به خاطر اشتباه یا خطایی سرزنش کردن. این کلمه به معنای متهم کردن کسی به کوتاهی در وظایف است.
界限
B1یک خط جداکننده یا محدودیتی که چیزها، مناطق یا مفاهیم مختلف را از هم جدا میکند.
