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B2 verb 7 دقیقه مطالعه

违背

weibei
مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 违背 در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح 违背 in your Level:
At the A1 level, the word '违背' (wéibèi) is too difficult for most students. At this stage, you are learning simple words like '不' (not) and '错' (wrong). If you want to say someone did something against a rule, you might say '他不听' (He doesn't listen) or '他做得不对' (He did it incorrectly). '违背' is a very formal way of saying someone didn't follow a promise or a deep rule. You might see it in books later, but for now, focus on '对' (correct) and '错' (wrong). Think of it as a 'big' word for 'doing the opposite of what you said.'
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At the A2 level, you can start to understand that '违背' (wéibèi) is a verb used for more serious situations than just 'making a mistake.' It means 'to go against.' You might encounter it in simple stories where a character breaks a promise. For example, '他违背了诺言' (He broke his promise). At this level, just remember that '违' means to go against and '背' means your back. So, it's like turning your back on something you should do. It's much more formal than '不听' (not listening).
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At the B1 level, you should begin to distinguish '违背' (wéibèi) from other words like '违反' (wéifǎn). While '违反' is used for rules like 'don't smoke here,' '违背' is used for abstract things like your 'will' (意愿) or your 'conscience' (良心). You will start to see it in news articles or more complex reading materials. It's a useful word when you want to talk about feelings or ethical choices. For instance, if you do something you don't want to do, you can say it '违背了我的意愿' (went against my will).
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At the B2 level, you are expected to use '违背' (wéibèi) accurately in both writing and speech. You should understand its nuance as a word for violating principles, ethics, and abstract truths. It is a key term in formal discussions about morality and professional standards. You should be comfortable using it in phrases like '违背客观事实' (contradicting objective facts) or '违背自然规律' (violating natural laws). This word shows that you can discuss complex topics beyond daily life, touching on logic and philosophy.
At the C1 level, '违背' (wéibèi) should be part of your active vocabulary for high-level academic and professional discourse. You should understand its subtle differences from synonyms like '背离' (deviate from) or '违抗' (defy). You will encounter it in legal texts, philosophical essays, and high-level literature. At this level, you can use it to describe complex societal shifts or contradictions in deep-seated beliefs. It's not just about breaking a rule; it's about the fundamental alignment of actions with higher-order principles.
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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of '违背' (wéibèi) and can use it with precision in the most formal contexts. You understand its historical weight and how it functions in classical-influenced modern prose. You can use it to critique sophisticated arguments, pointing out where a premise '违背' logic or historical precedent. You also recognize it in idioms and specialized legal or scientific terminology where it describes violations of the most fundamental laws of the universe or human society.
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مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

违背 در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • A formal verb meaning to violate or go against abstract principles or promises.
  • Commonly paired with 'conscience,' 'will,' 'promise,' and 'natural laws.'
  • Carries a moral or logical weight, unlike the more technical '违反'.
  • Essential for discussing ethics, integrity, and contradictions in formal Chinese.

The Chinese word 违背 (wéibèi) is a sophisticated verb that translates most directly to 'to violate,' 'to go against,' or 'to act contrary to.' While English speakers might use 'break' for a variety of things—breaking a glass, breaking a law, or breaking a promise—Chinese is more specific. 违背 is reserved for abstract concepts like principles, promises, ethics, and natural laws. It carries a weight of moral or logical failure. When you use 违背, you are implying that there was a standard, a path, or a commitment that has been abandoned or contradicted.

Core Concept
The essence of 违背 lies in the character 背 (bèi), which means 'back.' To 违背 something is to literally or figuratively turn your back on it. It suggests a betrayal of a previous stance or a deviation from an established truth.
Moral Weight
Unlike the more clinical 违反 (wéifǎn), which is often used for legal violations or traffic rules, 违背 often touches on conscience (良心 liángxīn) and personal integrity. It is the word used when a person's actions do not match their heart or their words.

这样做完全违背了我们的初衷。
(Doing this completely goes against our original intentions.)

In professional settings, you might hear this word in discussions about corporate ethics or contractual obligations. If a company acts in a way that contradicts its public mission statement, critics will say they have 违背-ed their values. In personal relationships, it is the standard term for breaking a solemn vow or promise (诺言 nuòyán). It is not used for trivial things; you wouldn't use it for 'breaking' a pencil or 'going against' a suggestion to eat pizza for dinner. It requires a certain level of gravity.

这种行为违背了基本的道德准则。
(This behavior violates basic moral standards.)

Common Usage Scenarios
  • Breaking a promise (违背诺言)
  • Going against one's will (违背意愿)
  • Violating natural laws (违背自然规律)
  • Contradicting historical facts (违背历史事实)

Ultimately, 违背 is about alignment. When two things that should be in harmony—like a person's actions and their principles—are pulled apart, 违背 is the verb that describes that gap. It is a vital word for B2 learners because it allows for the expression of complex ethical and logical contradictions that 'wrong' or 'bad' simply cannot capture.

The grammatical structure of 违背 (wéibèi) is straightforward: it is a transitive verb, meaning it usually takes a direct object. However, the choice of object is crucial. Because 违背 is a formal and abstract word, the object must also be an abstract noun representing a rule, a feeling, a commitment, or a truth.

The Basic Pattern
Subject + 违背 + [Abstract Noun/Principle/Promise]. This is the most common way to construct a sentence. For example: '他违背了诺言' (He broke his promise).

我不能做任何违背良心的事情。
(I cannot do anything that goes against my conscience.)

One interesting aspect of 违背 is its use with 'will' (意愿 yìyuàn). If someone is forced to do something, you can say it 'goes against their will' using this word. This is a common way to express lack of consent or external pressure in a formal tone.

这并不违背法律，但可能不道德。
(This doesn't violate the law, but it might be immoral.)

Negative Forms
To say 'does not go against,' use 不违背 (bù wéibèi) or 没有违背 (méiyǒu wéibèi). Using '不' suggests a general state (e.g., 'It doesn't violate the rules'), while '没有' suggests a specific past action (e.g., 'He did not break the promise').

In academic or scientific writing, 违背 is used to describe findings that contradict established theories. '违背科学常识' (Contradicting scientific common sense) or '违背自然规律' (Violating natural laws) are phrases you will encounter in textbooks and journals. Note that in these contexts, the 'subject' is often the new data or the event itself, rather than a person.

这个实验结果违背了已知的物理定律。
(This experimental result contradicts known physical laws.)

While 违背 (wéibèi) might seem like a word found only in dusty books, it is actually quite common in modern Chinese media, literature, and serious discourse. Understanding its context helps you identify the 'seriousness' of the situation being described.

In News and Media
News reports often use 违背 when discussing international relations or major corporate scandals. If a country breaks a treaty (条约 tiáoyuē), the news might say they have 违背-ed their international obligations. It sounds more authoritative and condemning than simpler words.

这种做法违背了公平竞争的原则。
(This practice violates the principle of fair competition.)

In television dramas (especially those involving history, law, or high-stakes business), 违背 is a keyword in emotional confrontations. A character might shout, '你违背了你的誓言!' (You broke your oath!). Here, the word emphasizes the deep personal betrayal felt by the speaker.

我们绝不能做任何违背民意的事情。
(We must never do anything that goes against the will of the people.)

In Literature and Philosophy
Chinese literature frequently explores themes of fate and duty. You will often see characters struggling because their personal desires 违背 their family duties or the 'Will of Heaven' (天意 tiānyì). It is a central word in the vocabulary of Chinese ethics.

Finally, in daily life, you might hear it in a more philosophical sense during deep conversations. If a friend is making a career choice that they clearly don't like, you might say, '不要违背你内心的真实想法' (Don't go against your true inner thoughts). It sounds more supportive and profound than just saying 'don't do what you don't like.'

Even for advanced learners, 违背 (wéibèi) can be tricky because its English equivalents ('break,' 'violate') are much broader. Here are the most common pitfalls to avoid when using this word.

Mistake 1: Using it for physical objects
Never use 违背 to mean 'break' in a physical sense. You cannot 违背 a vase or a window. For physical objects, use 弄坏 (nòng huài) or 打破 (dǎ pò).
Mistake 2: Confusing it with 违反 (wéifǎn)
While often interchangeable, 违反 is more for specific, codified rules (traffic laws, school rules, specific regulations). 违背 is for more abstract or moral concepts (conscience, promises, principles). You 违反 a traffic light, but you 违背 your conscience.

❌ 他违背了交通规则。
(He violated traffic rules - Incorrect word choice, too formal/abstract)

✅ 他违反了交通规则。
(He violated traffic rules - Correct)

Mistake 3: Using it for simple commands
If your mother tells you to clean your room and you don't do it, you haven't 违背-ed her. That is 不听 (bù tīng) or 不服从 (bù fúcóng). 违背 is too grand for daily chores.

Another subtle mistake is using it with people as a direct object without a noun like 'will' or 'wishes.' In English, we say 'He went against me.' In Chinese, you usually say '他违背了我的意愿' (He went against my will). Just saying '他违背了我' sounds incomplete and awkward in most contexts.

Chinese has several words that overlap with 违背 (wéibèi). Understanding the differences is key to achieving a B2 or C1 level of fluency.

违背 (wéibèi) vs. 违反 (wéifǎn)

违背: Abstract, moral, internal. Used for promises, conscience, and principles. (Example: 违背诺言)

违反: Concrete, legal, external. Used for laws, regulations, and specific rules. (Example: 违反法律)

违背 (wéibèi) vs. 违抗 (wéikàng)

违背: To act contrary to a principle or promise (passive violation).

违抗: To actively defy or resist an order or authority. It carries a sense of rebellion. (Example: 违抗命令 - to defy an order)

虽然他没有违反法律，但他违背了职业道德。
(Although he didn't violate the law, he went against professional ethics.)

背离 (bèilí)
This word is even more formal than 违背. It means to deviate significantly from a path, ideal, or tradition. It suggests a long-term movement away from something, whereas 违背 can be a single act.
反其道而行之 (fǎn qí dào ér xíng zhī)
This is an idiom (chengyu) meaning 'to do the exact opposite.' It is used when someone acts in a way that is diametrically opposed to the standard or expected way of doing things.

When choosing between these, ask yourself: Is this a legal issue (违反)? Is this an act of rebellion (违抗)? Or is this a failure of character or consistency (违背)?

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character '背' (back) is composed of '北' (north) and '肉' (flesh). In ancient times, people built houses facing south, so their 'backs' were always toward the 'north.'

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /weɪ beɪ/
US /weɪ beɪ/
The primary stress in Mandarin is balanced, but 'bèi' often feels heavier due to the 4th tone.
هم‌قافیه با
泪 (lèi) 内 (nèi) 类 (lèi) 对 (duì) 贵 (guì) 退 (tuì) 费 (fèi) 睡 (shuì)
خطاهای رایج
  • Pronouncing 'wei' as 'why'.
  • Using the wrong tone for 'bei' (making it 1st tone instead of 4th).
  • Confusing 'bei' with 'bi' (as in 'wéibì').
  • Mumbling the rising tone on 'wei'.
  • Stress on 'wei' instead of equal emphasis.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 4/5

Common in news and literature, but requires understanding of abstract nouns.

نوشتن 5/5

Hard to choose between 违背 and 违反 without practice.

صحبت کردن 4/5

Used in serious discussions; tones must be precise.

گوش دادن 3/5

Clear pronunciation, usually easy to hear in context.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

违反 背 承诺 原则 法律

بعداً یاد بگیرید

背离 违抗 抵触 契约 伦理

پیشرفته

阳奉阴违 背道而驰 离经叛道 违心之论 违章

گرامر لازم

Transitive Verb Object Choice

违背 must be followed by an abstract noun, not a physical object.

Use of '了' with 违背

Use '了' when the violation has already occurred: 他违背了诺言。

Negation with '不' vs '没有'

不违背 (general property), 没有违背 (specific past event).

Adverbial Modification

Words like '严重' (seriously) or '完全' (completely) often precede 违背.

Passive Voice with 违背

The object can become the subject in passive structures: 诺言被违背了。

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

他违背了诺言。

He broke his promise.

Subject + Verb + Object.

2

不要违背你的朋友。

Don't go against your friend.

Negative command using '不要'.

3

这是违背规则的。

This is against the rules.

Using '违背' as a descriptor.

4

他没有违背我。

He did not go against me.

Negative past tense with '没有'.

5

违背诺言是不好的。

Breaking a promise is not good.

The phrase acts as the subject.

6

你为什么要违背他？

Why do you want to go against him?

Question form with '为什么'.

7

我不会违背你。

I will not go against you.

Future intent with '不会'.

8

他违背了妈妈的话。

He went against his mother's words.

Possessive '的' used with the object.

1

他这样做违背了常理。

Doing this goes against common sense.

Object is '常理' (common sense).

2

我们不能违背合同。

We cannot violate the contract.

Modal verb '不能'.

3

他违背了自己的心意。

He went against his own intentions.

Reflexive '自己' used.

4

这违背了我们的约定。

This violates our agreement.

Demonstrative '这' as subject.

5

你违背了当时的承诺。

You broke the promise you made at that time.

Time phrase '当时的'.

6

这种行为违背了校规。

This behavior violates school rules.

Formal subject '这种行为'.

7

不要违背自然的规律。

Don't go against the laws of nature.

Abstract object '自然规律'.

8

他被迫违背了命令。

He was forced to violate the order.

Passive structure '被迫'.

1

这完全违背了他的初衷。

This completely went against his original intention.

Adverb '完全' (completely) modifies the verb.

2

他违背良心赚了这笔钱。

He went against his conscience to earn this money.

The phrase '违背良心' describes how the action was done.

3

这样做会违背大多数人的意愿。

Doing this will go against the will of the majority.

Future probability with '会'.

4

他的言论违背了事实真相。

His remarks contradicted the truth of the facts.

Subject is '言论' (remarks).

5

你不能要求我做违背原则的事。

You cannot ask me to do things that go against my principles.

Relative clause '违背原则的事'.

6

这项政策违背了经济规律。

This policy goes against economic laws.

Context of economics.

7

他从不违背自己的诺言。

He never breaks his promises.

Frequency adverb '从不' (never).

8

这种解释违背了逻辑。

This explanation defies logic.

Abstract object '逻辑' (logic).

1

他的行为严重违背了职业道德。

His behavior seriously violated professional ethics.

Adverb '严重' (seriously) adds intensity.

2

我们决不能做出违背祖国利益的事情。

We must never do anything that goes against the interests of the motherland.

Strong negation '决不能'.

3

这种理论违背了科学常识。

This theory contradicts scientific common sense.

Used in a scientific context.

4

他深感自己的行为违背了家人的期望。

He deeply felt that his actions went against his family's expectations.

Mental state '深感' (deeply felt).

5

任何违背民意的决策都是错误的。

Any decision that goes against the will of the people is wrong.

Universal quantifier '任何' (any).

6

这种做法违背了公平竞争的原则。

This practice violates the principle of fair competition.

Formal phrase '公平竞争的原则'.

7

他宁愿辞职，也不愿违背良心。

He would rather resign than go against his conscience.

Structure '宁愿...也不愿...' (rather than).

8

这些数据违背了我们最初的假设。

These data contradict our initial hypothesis.

Subject '这些数据' (these data).

1

该计划因违背宪法而被废除。

The plan was abolished because it violated the constitution.

Causal conjunction '因' (because of).

2

这种审美观违背了传统的艺术理念。

This aesthetic view contradicts traditional artistic concepts.

Sophisticated subject '审美观' (aesthetic view).

3

他的观点显然违背了历史发展的趋势。

His views obviously go against the trend of historical development.

Adverb '显然' (obviously).

4

任何违背人道主义的行为都应受到谴责。

Any act that violates humanitarianism should be condemned.

Passive '受到谴责' (be condemned).

5

这篇文章的论点违背了基本逻辑。

The argument of this article contradicts basic logic.

Academic term '论点' (argument).

6

他的一生从未做过违背道义的事。

In his whole life, he never did anything that went against morality.

Time phrase '他的一生' (his whole life).

7

这种制度违背了人类的天性。

This system goes against human nature.

Philosophical object '人类的天性'.

8

他的提议违背了会议的宗旨。

His proposal went against the purpose of the meeting.

Formal object '宗旨' (purpose/aim).

1

这种极端的做法违背了中庸之道的精神。

This extreme approach violates the spirit of the Doctrine of the Mean.

Cultural reference to '中庸之道'.

2

其论述逻辑严密，并未违背先前的理论框架。

Its discourse is logically rigorous and does not contradict the previous theoretical framework.

Highly formal '其' and '并未'.

3

这种权力运作模式违背了现代民主的法治精神。

This mode of power operation violates the spirit of the rule of law in modern democracy.

Political science terminology.

4

作者的意图似乎在某种程度上违背了读者的直觉。

The author's intention seems to contradict the reader's intuition to some extent.

Qualifying phrase '在某种程度上'.

5

这种扩张政策公然违背了国际公约。

This expansionist policy openly violates international conventions.

Strong adverb '公然' (openly).

6

这一发现从根本上违背了经典物理学的预言。

This discovery fundamentally contradicts the predictions of classical physics.

Adverbial phrase '从根本上' (fundamentally).

7

他的处世哲学从不违背内心的寂静与纯真。

His philosophy of life never goes against the inner silence and innocence.

Poetic and abstract objects.

8

这种强制性的措施显然违背了契约精神。

This mandatory measure obviously violates the spirit of the contract.

Legal/Philosophical term '契约精神' (spirit of contract).

مترادف‌ها

违反 背离 抵触 触犯 反抗

ترکیب‌های رایج

违背诺言
违背意愿
违背良心
违背原则
违背事实
违背初衷
违背规律
违背常理
违背誓言
违背道德

عبارات رایج

违背初心

— To go against one's original intention or heart.

不要在名利中违背初心。

违背伦理

— To violate ethics.

克隆人类违背伦理。

违背常识

— To go against common sense.

这个理论违背常识。

违背旨意

— To go against someone's (often a superior's) will.

他不敢违背上司的旨意。

违背潮流

— To go against the trend.

这种做法违背了时代潮流。

违背契约

— To violate a contract or covenant.

违背契约需要承担法律责任。

违背民意

— To go against public opinion or the will of the people.

政府不应违背民意。

违背祖制

— To go against ancestral rules (historical context).

这在古代是被视为违背祖制的。

违背天理

— To go against the laws of heaven (extremely immoral).

这种残忍的行为简直违背天理。

违背规律

— To act against the laws of nature or logic.

拔苗助长是违背规律的。

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"阳奉阴违"

— To pretend to obey while secretly defying.

他表面上答应，实际上阳奉阴违。

Negative/Formal
"背信弃义"

— To break faith and abandon righteousness.

这种背信弃义的行为令人不齿。

Very Strong/Negative
"离经叛道"

— To depart from scripture and rebel against the way (unorthodox).

在那个时代，他的想法被视为离经叛道。

Formal
"食言而肥"

— To fail to keep one's promise (literally: to grow fat by eating words).

做生意最怕食言而肥的人。

Literary/Negative
"背道而驰"

— To run in the opposite direction; to be diametrically opposed.

他的行动与目标背道而驰。

Formal
"墨守成规"

— To stick to old conventions (antonym-related).

我们不能墨守成规，也要勇于创新。

Neutral/Negative
"出尔反尔"

— To go back on one's word; to be inconsistent.

你这样出尔反尔，谁还敢相信你？

Informal/Negative
"言而无信"

— To be untrustworthy; not keeping one's word.

他是一个言而无信的小人。

Negative
"违心之论"

— A statement made against one's own conscience.

他为了生存，不得不说一些违心之论。

Formal
"反其道而行"

— To act in a way opposite to the established path.

大家都买股票时，他却反其道而行。

Neutral

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

违背者 (violator/one who goes against)

فعل‌ها

违背 (to violate)
违 (to disobey)
背 (to turn back on)

صفت‌ها

违背的 (violating/contrary)

مرتبط

违反
违抗
违禁
违约
违章
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روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Wei' as 'Way' and 'Bei' as 'Back'. You are turning your 'Back' on the 'Way' you promised to go.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person standing at a crossroads. One path is labeled 'Promise.' The person turns their back (背) and walks the other way (违).

شبکه واژگان

Promise Conscience Will Law Fact Logic Ethics Principle

چالش

Write three sentences using '违背': one about a promise, one about a scientific fact, and one about a personal feeling.

ریشه کلمه

The word '违背' is a compound of two characters that both imply going against something. '违' (wéi) originally meant to go in opposite directions or to avoid. '背' (bèi) means the back of the body.

معنای اصلی: To turn one's back (背) and walk away (违).

Sino-Tibetan (Mandarin Chinese).

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when accusing someone of '违背' something, as it is a very strong and formal accusation.

In English, we often use 'break' for everything. Chinese learners must learn to separate 'physical breaking' from 'principled violation' (违背).

The phrase '违背天意' (going against the will of heaven) appears frequently in classic novels like 'Romance of the Three Kingdoms.' Legal documents in China use '违背本意' to describe contracts signed under duress. Modern Chinese pop songs often use '违背良心' to describe romantic betrayals.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Legal/Contracts

  • 违背合同条款
  • 违背契约精神
  • 违背法律程序
  • 违背当事人意愿

Ethics/Morality

  • 违背职业道德
  • 违背良心
  • 违背社会公德
  • 违背基本人性

Personal Relationships

  • 违背诺言
  • 违背誓言
  • 违背信任
  • 违背当初的约定

Science/Logic

  • 违背自然规律
  • 违背科学常识
  • 违背逻辑思维
  • 违背事实真相

Politics/Society

  • 违背民意
  • 违背历史潮流
  • 违背基本国策
  • 违背国际惯例

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你觉得在什么情况下可以违背自己的诺言？"

"你有没有做过违背自己意愿的事情？"

"如果一个人的行为违背了法律，但符合道德，你怎么看？"

"你认为现在的社会有哪些行为是违背自然规律的？"

"当你的工作要求你做违背良心的事情时，你会怎么办？"

موضوعات نگارش

写一次你不得不违背某人意愿的经历，当时你是什么感受？

探讨一下为什么有些人会选择违背自己的初衷。

描述一个你认为违背了常理的社会现象，并分析原因。

如果一个科学家发现了一项违背已知物理定律的证据，你觉得世界会发生什么变化？

写一封信给未来的自己，提醒自己永远不要违背哪些原则。

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