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A2 adjective #5,000 よく出る 14分で読める

مذنب

mudhnib
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مذنب 30秒で

  • Guilty; responsible for wrongdoing.
  • Used when someone has committed a fault or offense.
  • Implies blame and culpability for negative actions.
  • Common in legal and moral contexts.
The Arabic word مذنب (pronounced 'mudhnib') is an adjective that translates to 'guilty' or 'culpable' in English. It signifies that someone is responsible for committing a wrong act, a mistake, or a transgression. You'll encounter this word in contexts where accountability for an offense is being discussed. It implies a breach of rules, laws, or moral standards. For instance, in a legal setting, a person found to have committed a crime would be described as مذنب. In everyday life, it can refer to someone who has done something wrong, like breaking a promise or causing harm, even if it's not a legal offense. The word carries a sense of blame and responsibility for an action that is considered negative or incorrect. It's a crucial term for understanding discussions about justice, morality, and personal accountability. The intensity of the guilt can vary, but the core meaning remains consistent: being the cause or agent of a wrongdoing.

The judge declared the defendant مذنب after reviewing the evidence.

Legal Context
In courts of law, مذنب is used to denote that a person has been found responsible for a crime.
Moral Context
It can also describe someone who has acted against their conscience or moral principles.

He felt مذنب for forgetting his friend's birthday.

Everyday Use
In casual conversations, it can express regret or self-blame for a minor error.
Figurative Use
Sometimes, it can be used metaphorically, like a 'guilty pleasure'.
The concept of being مذنب is fundamental to understanding accountability across various aspects of life, from personal relationships to societal laws. It’s important to grasp the nuances of its usage to accurately interpret Arabic communication. Whether in formal legal proceedings or informal discussions about personal failings, this adjective plays a significant role in assigning responsibility and expressing judgment. The word's root often points towards concepts of sin or wrongdoing, which adds a layer of moral weight to its meaning. Therefore, when you encounter مذنب, consider the context to determine the exact nature and severity of the transgression being implied. It’s a word that carries weight and is used to establish a clear link between an action and its responsible party. The feeling of being مذنب can range from a mild sense of regret to profound guilt, depending on the circumstances. Its versatility allows it to be applied to both minor social faux pas and serious criminal acts, making it a valuable term in the Arabic lexicon for describing culpability. Understanding this word opens up avenues for comprehending discussions about ethics, justice, and personal conduct in Arabic-speaking cultures. It’s not just about stating a fact; it’s about assigning blame and acknowledging responsibility for actions that have consequences. The emotional weight associated with being labeled مذنب can be substantial, highlighting its importance in social and legal frameworks. The word itself is derived from a root that signifies sin or error, reinforcing its core meaning of being responsible for something wrong. This etymological connection helps to solidify its usage in contexts of blame and accountability. Therefore, a thorough understanding of مذنب is essential for anyone seeking to master Arabic vocabulary related to ethics and legal matters. It’s a word that bridges the gap between action and consequence, and between individuals and their responsibilities. The impact of being مذنب can extend beyond the individual, affecting relationships and communities, which underscores the significance of this term in social dynamics. The presence of this word in Arabic discourse highlights the cultural emphasis on accountability and the recognition of wrongdoing. It’s a cornerstone for understanding how blame and responsibility are communicated within the language. The depth of meaning attached to مذنب makes it a powerful tool for expressing moral and legal judgments. The ability to correctly use and understand مذنب will significantly enhance your comprehension of Arabic texts and conversations that touch upon these themes. It’s a word that demands careful consideration of its context to fully appreciate its implications. The journey of learning Arabic vocabulary is enriched by understanding such potent words that shape our perception of actions and their repercussions. The word مذنب is a testament to the expressive power of the Arabic language in conveying complex ideas about human behavior and societal norms. It serves as a critical marker in discussions where fault and responsibility are central.
Using مذنب correctly in sentences involves understanding its role as an adjective describing a person or entity that has committed a fault. It typically follows the noun it modifies or can be used predicatively after a linking verb. The agreement in gender and number with the noun is important, though as an adjective, it often appears in its masculine singular form when referring to a general state or a male individual. When referring to a female, it would be مذنبَة (mudhnibah). For plurals, it can be مذنبون (mudhnibūn) for masculine plural or مذنبَات (mudhnibāt) for feminine plural, though these forms are less common in everyday speech and more prevalent in formal or literary contexts. The most frequent usage is the singular masculine form, مذنب, which can apply to a male person or be used generically. Pay attention to the sentence structure; sometimes, it directly follows the subject to describe their state. For instance, "He is guilty" would be هو مذنب (huwa mudhnib). If it's describing an object that has caused harm or is associated with wrongdoing, it would still function as an adjective.

The child looked مذنب after breaking the vase.

Subject-Adjective Structure
The most common pattern is Subject + مذنب. For example, الولد مذنب (al-walad mudhnib) - The boy is guilty.

She felt مذنب for her actions.

Agreement with Gender
For a female subject, use the feminine form: هي مذنبَة (hiya mudhnibah).

The system was found to be مذنب for the data breach.

Describing Non-Human Entities
It can also describe a system or organization found to be at fault.
Expressing Feelings
Sentences like 'I feel guilty' often use this word: أشعر بأنني مذنب (ash'uru bi'annani mudhnib).
Formal vs. Informal
While plural forms exist, the singular masculine is most common in everyday conversation.
When constructing sentences, consider the subject you are describing. If it's a male, the default form مذنب is appropriate. If it's a female, remember to add the ta' marbuta: مذنبَة. For example, "The woman is guilty" would be المرأة مذنبَة (al-mar'ah mudhnibah). In many cases, especially in spoken Arabic, the explicit form of 'to be' is omitted, and the adjective directly follows the subject, creating a concise and clear statement. For instance, instead of saying "He is guilty," you can simply say هو مذنب. This pattern is very common and makes sentences flow naturally. Furthermore, مذنب can be used in more complex sentence structures, often appearing in subordinate clauses or as part of a larger description. For example, "The person who committed the crime is guilty" could be الشخص الذي ارتكب الجريمة هو مذنب (al-shakhs alladhi irtakaba al-jarimah huwa mudhnib). The key is to maintain the adjective's function of describing culpability. The word's root is strongly associated with sin and transgression, so it naturally fits into contexts where blame, fault, or responsibility for negative actions is discussed. Understanding these grammatical nuances will allow you to construct accurate and natural-sounding Arabic sentences using مذنب. It's a word that adds precision to expressions of accountability and wrongdoing. The flexibility of Arabic grammar allows for variations in sentence construction, but the core function of مذنب as an adjective indicating guilt remains constant. By practicing with different sentence structures, you will become more comfortable using this word effectively. Remember to always consider the subject and its gender when using the adjective, especially in written Arabic or more formal speech. The impact of using the correct form is significant in conveying clear and accurate meaning. The richness of Arabic lies in such details, and mastering them will greatly improve your fluency.
You will frequently encounter the word مذنب in various real-world scenarios, particularly in contexts related to justice, ethics, and personal accountability. Legal proceedings are a prime area where this term is used. News reports about court cases, trials, and sentencing often feature the word to describe defendants found guilty of crimes. For example, a news anchor might say, "The court declared the suspect مذنب of all charges." This usage is direct and unambiguous, indicating legal culpability.

The lawyer argued that his client was not مذنب.

News and Media
Crime reports and legal dramas frequently use this word.
Beyond the courtroom, the word appears in discussions about morality and ethics. Religious sermons or philosophical debates might use مذنب to discuss sin, wrongdoing, or the consequences of one's actions. In a more personal setting, friends or family members might discuss a situation where someone acted inappropriately, and the word مذنب could be used to describe the person at fault. For instance, "He knows he was مذنب for lying to his parents."

The character in the movie felt deeply مذنب after his betrayal.

Literature and Film
Characters in stories often grapple with feelings of being مذنب.
Even in everyday conversations, especially when people are reflecting on past mistakes or expressing regret, you might hear it. A parent disciplining a child might say, "You were مذنب for not sharing your toys." This usage, while perhaps less severe than a legal context, still conveys the idea of being at fault. In educational settings, textbooks or lectures on civics, law, or ethics might introduce this word to explain concepts of responsibility and consequence. When discussing historical events or societal issues, the term could be used to analyze the actions of individuals or groups. For instance, a historian might refer to a leader who made disastrous decisions as being مذنب for the resulting suffering.

The investigation revealed that the company was مذنب of environmental violations.

Business and Corporate Contexts
Reports on corporate misconduct may use this term.
Furthermore, in any situation where blame is assigned or accountability is sought, مذنب is the word to describe the party found responsible for a transgression. This could range from a child admitting to a misdeed to a government report detailing negligence. The consistent thread is the identification of someone or something as the cause of a negative outcome. Therefore, actively listening to Arabic news, watching dramas, engaging in discussions about justice or ethics, and reading diverse texts will expose you to the natural and varied usage of مذنب. It’s a fundamental word for understanding accountability in the Arabic language. The emotional resonance of the word, implying fault and responsibility, makes it a common feature in narratives that explore human failings and societal judgments. Its presence in everyday language underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing wrongdoing.
When learning to use مذنب, learners often make a few common mistakes that can lead to misunderstandings. One of the most frequent errors is incorrect gender agreement. Remember that Arabic adjectives must agree in gender with the noun they describe. While the default form is masculine singular (مذنب), if you are referring to a female, you must use the feminine form, مذنبَة (mudhnibah). Forgetting this can sound grammatically incorrect. For example, saying "The woman is guilty" as المرأة مذنب (al-mar'ah mudhnib) instead of المرأة مذنبَة (al-mar'ah mudhnibah) is a common oversight.

Incorrect: هي مذنب (She is guilty)

Correct: هي مذنبَة (She is guilty)

Gender Agreement
Failing to use the correct feminine form (مذنبَة) for female subjects is a frequent error.
Another common pitfall is confusing مذنب with words that have a similar sound or a related meaning but are used in different contexts. For example, it might be confused with words related to 'sin' (خطيئة - khaṭīʾah) or 'error' (خطأ - khaṭaʾ) in a way that misrepresents the nuance. While related, مذنب specifically refers to the state of being responsible for a transgression, implying culpability. Using it interchangeably with a general term for 'mistake' can dilute its specific meaning of guilt. Some learners might also struggle with the intensity of the word. While مذنب can be used for minor faults, its root meaning is quite strong, suggesting a significant transgression. Using it for very trivial matters might sound overly dramatic or insincere. For instance, calling someone مذنب for accidentally spilling water might be an overstatement, unless the context implies negligence or deliberate carelessness.

Incorrect: هو مذنب لأنه تأخر دقيقة (He is guilty because he was a minute late)

Better: هو أخطأ لأنه تأخر دقيقة (He made a mistake because he was a minute late)

Overstating Guilt
Using مذنب for very minor issues where 'mistake' (خطأ) would be more appropriate.
A further point of confusion can arise with its placement in a sentence. While it often follows the subject, learners might incorrectly place it before the subject or in other positions where it doesn't function correctly as an adjective. Understanding that it usually describes the state of the subject is crucial.
Sentence Placement
Incorrect placement, not functioning as a descriptor for the subject.
Finally, some learners might overlook the plural forms. While less common in everyday speech, if you are referring to multiple guilty individuals, you would need to use the appropriate plural forms (مذنبون for masculine, مذنبَات for feminine). Using the singular form for a plural subject is incorrect.

Incorrect: هم مذنب (They are guilty - masculine plural)

Correct: هم مذنبون (They are guilty - masculine plural)

Plural Forms
Forgetting to use plural forms (مذنبون, مذنبَات) when referring to multiple guilty parties.
By being aware of these common mistakes – gender agreement, word confusion, overstatement of guilt, sentence placement, and pluralization – you can significantly improve your accuracy and fluency when using the word مذنب.
Understanding مذنب is enhanced by exploring similar words and their subtle differences. While مذنب directly translates to 'guilty' or 'culpable,' indicating responsibility for a transgression, other words might convey related but distinct meanings.
خاطئ (khāṭiʾ)
This word means 'wrong' or 'mistaken.' It's a broader term that can refer to an error in judgment, a factual inaccuracy, or something that is incorrect. While a مذنب person has done something wrong, a خاطئ person has simply made a mistake or is incorrect. For example, a calculation can be خاطئة (wrong), but a person is مذنب for committing a crime.

The answer was خاطئ, but the student was not مذنب for trying.

آثم (āthim)
This term is often used in religious or moral contexts and translates to 'sinful' or 'wicked.' It carries a stronger, more profound moral or spiritual condemnation than مذنب. While a مذنب person is guilty of a specific act, an آثم person is considered to have a sinful nature or to be habitually engaged in sin.

He was accused of being آثم for his blasphemous statements.

مسؤول (mas'ūl)
This means 'responsible' or 'accountable.' While a مذنب person is responsible for a wrongdoing, مسؤول is a more neutral term. It can mean responsible for a task, a duty, or even a positive outcome. You are مسؤول for your actions, but you are مذنب if those actions were wrong.

The manager is مسؤول for the team's performance, but the players are مذنب for their lack of effort.

متهم (muttaham)
This means 'accused' or 'suspect.' A person is متهم before they are declared مذنب. The legal process moves from being متهم to potentially being found مذنب.

He was متهم but later found not مذنب.

مُقصِّر (muqaṣṣir)
This translates to 'negligent' or 'falling short.' It implies a failure to meet expectations or duties, which can lead to being considered مذنب, but it focuses on the inadequacy rather than the direct commission of a wrongful act.

The official was deemed مُقصِّر in his duties, making him partially مذنب for the accident.

Choosing the right word depends heavily on the context. If you are talking about a legal finding of guilt, مذنب is the most precise term. If you are discussing a simple error, خاطئ is more appropriate. For moral or spiritual condemnation, آثم might be used. If you are simply stating that someone is accountable for their actions, مسؤول is the term. And if someone is under suspicion, they are متهم. Understanding these distinctions will allow you to communicate with greater accuracy and nuance in Arabic.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The connection between 'tail' and 'sin' is present in some other Semitic languages as well, suggesting an ancient conceptual link. The idea is that one is 'trailing' behind the right path or being led by a negative influence, much like an animal's tail follows its body.

発音ガイド

UK /mʊðnɪb/
US /mʊðnɪb/
First syllable: MUdh-nib
韻が合う語
قريب (qareeb) سعيد (sa'eed) جديد (jadeed) وحيد (waheed) بليد (baleed) حميد (hameed) رشيد (rasheed) فقيد (faqeed)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'dh' as 'd' or 'z'.
  • Misplacing the stress on the second syllable.
  • Using a long vowel sound where a short one is required.

難易度

読解 3/5

Understanding 'مذنب' in reading requires recognizing its context, especially in legal or moral discussions. The adjective form is relatively straightforward, but its implications can vary.

ライティング 3/5

Using 'مذنب' correctly in writing involves mastering gender agreement and choosing the appropriate context. Plural forms are less common but important for advanced learners.

スピーキング 3/5

Pronunciation and correct usage in spoken sentences, especially with gender agreement, are key for speaking fluency.

リスニング 3/5

Recognizing 'مذنب' in spoken Arabic requires familiarity with its pronunciation and common contexts, such as news reports or everyday conversations about mistakes.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

رجل (rajul - man) امرأة (imra'ah - woman) طفل (ṭifl - child) خطأ (khaṭa' - mistake) فعل (fi'l - action)

次に学ぶ

بريء (barī' - innocent) مسؤول (mas'ūl - responsible) جريمة (jarīmah - crime) قاضي (qāḍī - judge) محكمة (maḥkamah - court)

上級

آثم (āthim - sinful) عقاب (ʿiqāb - punishment) عدالة (ʿadālah - justice) تبرئة (tabri'ah - acquittal) إدانة (idānah - conviction)

知っておくべき文法

Gender Agreement in Adjectives

The adjective must agree in gender with the noun it describes. For 'مذنب', the feminine form is 'مذنبَة'.

Adjective Placement

Adjectives usually follow the noun they modify or the subject in a nominal sentence. Example: الولد مذنب. (The boy is guilty.)

Pluralization of Adjectives

For masculine plural subjects, use 'مذنبون'. For feminine plural subjects, use 'مذنبات'.

Using 'يشعر بـ' (to feel)

شعر بأنه مذنب. (He felt that he was guilty.)

Passive Voice in Legal Contexts

أدين المتهم بأنه مذنب. (The defendant was convicted of being guilty.)

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レベル別の例文

1

الولد مذنب.

The boy is guilty.

Simple subject-adjective structure.

2

أنا مذنب.

I am guilty.

First-person subject.

3

هو مذنب.

He is guilty.

Third-person masculine singular.

4

الكلب مذنب.

The dog is guilty.

Non-human subject, masculine form used.

5

هي مذنبَة.

She is guilty.

Third-person feminine singular.

6

الطفل مذنب.

The child is guilty.

Subject is a child.

7

هذا مذنب.

This is guilty.

Demonstrative pronoun + adjective.

8

القط مذنب.

The cat is guilty.

Another animal example.

1

شعر الولد بأنه مذنب.

The boy felt that he was guilty.

Use of 'felt that' structure.

2

كانوا مذنبين.

They were guilty.

Masculine plural form (though less common in everyday speech, good for context).

3

لم أشعر بأنني مذنب.

I did not feel that I was guilty.

Negation with 'did not feel'.

4

المتهم بدا مذنبًا.

The accused seemed guilty.

Using 'seemed' (بدا) + adjective.

5

هي مذنبَة بسبب ما فعلت.

She is guilty because of what she did.

Feminine form with a reason clause.

6

لماذا تشعر بأنك مذنب؟

Why do you feel that you are guilty?

Question form asking about feeling guilty.

7

التقرير لم يذكر إذا كان مذنبًا.

The report did not mention if he was guilty.

Indirect question within a negation.

8

الكلب الذي أكل الطعام مذنب.

The dog that ate the food is guilty.

Adjective modifying a noun with a relative clause.

1

القاضي وجد المتهم مذنبًا.

The judge found the defendant guilty.

Verb 'found' + object + adjective.

2

كانوا يعتقدون أنه مذنب.

They believed that he was guilty.

Verb 'believed' + subordinate clause.

3

شعرت مذنبًا تجاه أفعالي.

I felt guilty towards my actions.

Feeling guilty 'towards' something.

4

هل يمكن أن يكون مذنبًا؟

Could he be guilty?

Modal verb 'could' + subject + adjective.

5

الشركة اعترفت بأنها مذنبَة في هذا الأمر.

The company admitted that it was guilty in this matter.

Feminine form for 'company' + verb 'admitted'.

6

لم يكن لديه دليل على أنه مذنب.

He did not have evidence that he was guilty.

Possession of evidence + subordinate clause.

7

كان يبدو مذنبًا جدًا.

He looked very guilty.

Adverb 'very' modifying the adjective.

8

الاعتراف بأنه مذنب كان صعبًا.

Admitting that he was guilty was difficult.

Gerund phrase as subject.

1

أدين المتهم بأنه مذنب في جميع التهم.

The defendant was convicted of being guilty on all charges.

Passive voice 'was convicted' + adjective clause.

2

كانت هناك شكوك قوية حول ما إذا كان مذنبًا.

There were strong doubts about whether he was guilty.

Expression of doubt + subordinate clause.

3

لم يكن لديه أي سبب للشعور بأنه مذنب.

He had no reason to feel that he was guilty.

Lack of reason + infinitive phrase.

4

الشهود وصفوا الموقف بأنه مذنب.

The witnesses described the situation as guilty.

Verb 'described' + object + adjective.

5

على الرغم من عدم وجود دليل قاطع، بدا مذنبًا.

Despite the lack of conclusive evidence, he seemed guilty.

Concessive clause 'despite' + adjective.

6

كانت قضية معقدة، وكان من الصعب تحديد ما إذا كان مذنبًا.

It was a complex case, and it was difficult to determine if he was guilty.

Complex sentence structure with infinitive phrase.

7

التحقيقات أدت إلى استنتاج مفاده أن المدير مذنب.

The investigations led to the conclusion that the manager was guilty.

Noun clause introduced by 'that'.

8

كان الاعتراف بذنبك هو الخطوة الأولى نحو التكفير.

Admitting your guilt was the first step towards atonement.

Gerund phrase + noun representing guilt.

1

أقرّ المتهم بأنه مذنب لتجنب عقوبة أشد.

The defendant pleaded guilty to avoid a harsher sentence.

Verb 'pleaded' + purpose clause.

2

كانت هناك مخاوف من أن يتم اعتبار الشخص المذكور مذنبًا بشكل غير عادل.

There were fears that the person mentioned would be considered unfairly guilty.

Passive voice with modal verb + adverb.

3

يتطلب الأمر شجاعة كبيرة للاعتراف بأنك مذنب.

It requires great courage to admit that you are guilty.

Subject is an infinitive phrase.

4

الظروف المحيطة بالقضية جعلت من الصعب إثبات أنه مذنب.

The circumstances surrounding the case made it difficult to prove that he was guilty.

Complex sentence structure with infinitive phrase.

5

لم يكن الحكم قضائيًا فقط، بل كان أيضًا إقرارًا ضمنيًا بأن الطرف الآخر مذنب.

The verdict was not just judicial, but also an implicit acknowledgment that the other party was guilty.

Contrastive structure with implicit meaning.

6

كان سلوكه ينم عن شعور عميق بأنه مذنب.

His behavior indicated a deep feeling of being guilty.

Verb 'indicated' + noun clause.

7

إن إلقاء اللوم على شخص آخر لا يجعل المرء أقل مذنبًا.

Blaming someone else does not make one less guilty.

Gerund phrase as subject + negation.

8

كانت هناك محاولات متكررة لتصويره على أنه مذنب.

There were repeated attempts to portray him as guilty.

Passive voice with infinitive.

1

تمت إدانته باعتباره مذنبًا، على الرغم من عدم وجود أدلة قاطعة.

He was convicted as guilty, despite the lack of conclusive evidence.

Passive voice with prepositional phrase 'as guilty'.

2

كان الشعور بالذنب يطارده، مما جعله يبدو مذنبًا في عيون الجميع.

The feeling of guilt haunted him, making him appear guilty in everyone's eyes.

Participle phrase indicating consequence.

3

ينطوي الاعتراف بالمسؤولية على إقرار ضمني بالكون مذنبًا.

Acknowledging responsibility entails an implicit admission of being guilty.

Abstract noun as subject + gerund phrase.

4

كانت الاستراتيجية القانونية تتمحور حول إثبات أنه ليس مذنبًا.

The legal strategy revolved around proving that he was not guilty.

Complex sentence with infinitive phrase.

5

لم يكن من السهل التمييز بين الخطأ المتعمد والخطأ غير المقصود، مما جعل تحديد كونه مذنبًا أمرًا صعبًا.

It was not easy to distinguish between intentional error and unintentional mistake, making it difficult to determine if he was guilty.

Complex sentence with gerund phrase as subject.

6

كانت هناك محاولات لتشويه سمعته، وتصويره كشخص مذنب لا يستحق الرحمة.

There were attempts to tarnish his reputation, portraying him as a guilty person who deserved no mercy.

Infinitive phrase with object + participial phrase.

7

إن تبرير أفعاله لم يخفِ حقيقة أنه كان مذنبًا.

Justifying his actions did not hide the fact that he was guilty.

Gerund phrase as subject + negation of verb.

8

كانت الإدانة تستند إلى اعترافه بأنه مذنب، والذي تم الحصول عليه تحت ظروف مشكوك فيها.

The conviction was based on his admission of being guilty, which was obtained under questionable circumstances.

Passive voice with subordinate clause.

よく使う組み合わせ

شعر بأنه مذنب
وجدوه مذنبًا
لم يكن مذنبًا
يعتبر مذنبًا
إقرار بأنه مذنب
دليل على أنه مذنب
بدا مذنبًا
القاضي وجد مذنبًا
شخص مذنب
نتيجة لكونه مذنبًا

よく使うフレーズ

شعر بأنه مذنب

— To feel guilty. This phrase describes the internal emotional state of believing oneself to be at fault.

بعد أن كسر الزجاج، شعر الطفل بأنه مذنب.

وجدوه مذنبًا

— They found him guilty. This is commonly used in legal or investigative contexts where a determination of guilt has been made.

بعد الاستماع إلى الشهود، وجدوه مذنبًا.

لم يكن مذنبًا

— He was not guilty. This is a declaration of innocence or a finding of not guilty.

أخيرًا، تبين أن المتهم لم يكن مذنبًا.

بدا مذنبًا

— He looked guilty. This describes the outward appearance or demeanor of someone suggesting they are guilty.

رغم أنه لم يقل شيئًا، بدا مذنبًا.

اعترف بأنه مذنب

— He confessed to being guilty. This signifies a voluntary admission of wrongdoing.

لتجنب المحاكمة، اعترف بأنه مذنب.

كان مذنبًا

— He was guilty. A simple past tense statement indicating guilt.

كان مذنبًا في ارتكاب الجريمة.

أثبت أنه مذنب

— To prove that he is guilty. This refers to the process of presenting evidence to establish guilt.

لم يتمكنوا من إثبات أنه مذنب.

الحكم بأن مذنب

— The verdict of guilty. This refers to the official decision made by a judge or jury.

الحكم بأن مذنب كان متوقعًا.

شخص مذنب

— A guilty person. A direct description of an individual who is found to be at fault.

إنه شخص مذنب ويجب أن يتحمل المسؤولية.

دليل على أنه مذنب

— Evidence that he is guilty. Refers to the proof presented to establish culpability.

لم يقدموا دليلًا كافيًا على أنه مذنب.

よく混同される語

مذنب vs خاطئ

While 'مذنب' implies culpability for a wrongdoing, 'خاطئ' means simply 'wrong' or 'mistaken' and doesn't necessarily carry the same weight of blame.

مذنب vs متهم

'متهم' means 'accused' or 'suspect.' A person is 'متهم' before being found 'مذنب'. The latter implies a proven guilt.

مذنب vs آثم

'آثم' is often used in religious or moral contexts and implies a deeper, more inherent sinfulness than 'مذنب', which typically refers to a specific transgression.

慣用句と表現

"أكل العصا"

— Literally 'ate the stick.' This idiom means to suffer the consequences of one's actions, often implying that one is guilty and deserves the punishment.

بعد أن اكتشفوا سرقته، اضطر إلى أكل العصا.

"دفع الثمن"

— Literally 'paid the price.' Similar to 'taking the stick,' this idiom means to suffer the consequences, implying guilt and the need for retribution.

لم يعد بإمكانه الهرب، عليه أن يدفع الثمن لأنه مذنب.

"وضع يده في العسل"

— Literally 'put his hand in honey.' This idiom refers to getting caught in a compromising situation, often implying guilt or wrongdoing.

عندما وجدوا الأموال في حقيبته، وضع يده في العسل.

"خالف الطرقة"

— Literally 'deviated from the path.' This implies straying from the right way, suggesting wrongdoing and therefore a state of being مذنب.

بعد أن خالف الطرقة، شعر بأنه مذنب.

"أبدى الندم"

— To show regret. While not directly meaning 'guilty,' showing regret often stems from the feeling of being مذنب.

أبدى الندم على أفعاله، مما يشير إلى أنه مذنب.

"تحت طائلة القانون"

— Under the penalty of the law. This phrase is used when someone is liable to punishment, implying they are مذنب.

إذا استمر في هذا السلوك، فسيكون تحت طائلة القانون، أي مذنب.

"خالف المبادئ"

— To violate principles. This implies moral wrongdoing and thus being مذنب.

خالف المبادئ الأخلاقية، وكان مذنبًا في نظر المجتمع.

"أقر بالذنب"

— To admit guilt. This is a direct action related to being مذنب.

أقر بالذنب لتخفيف الحكم.

"تحمل وزر"

— To bear the burden of. This refers to carrying the weight of one's wrongdoing, implying guilt.

تحمل وزر أخطائه لأنه مذنب.

"وقع في الخطأ"

— To fall into error. While 'error' can be neutral, in some contexts, it implies a mistake that makes one مذنب.

وقع في الخطأ، وأصبح مذنبًا.

間違えやすい

مذنب vs خاطئ

Both relate to errors or incorrectness.

مذنب implies culpability and responsibility for a wrongdoing, often with moral or legal implications. خاطئ simply means 'wrong' or 'mistaken,' referring to an error in fact, logic, or action without necessarily implying blame.

The calculation was خاطئة (wrong), but the student wasn't مذنب (guilty) for trying.

مذنب vs متهم

Both are used in legal contexts.

متهم is 'accused' or 'suspect,' indicating someone is under investigation or charged. مذنب is 'guilty,' meaning they have been found responsible for the wrongdoing after due process.

He was متهم (accused) of theft, but the jury found him not مذنب (guilty).

مذنب vs مسؤول

Both relate to accountability.

مسؤول means 'responsible' or 'accountable' in a general sense, which can apply to duties or even positive outcomes. مذنب specifically means 'guilty' of a transgression or offense.

The manager is مسؤول (responsible) for the project, but he would be مذنب (guilty) if he stole funds.

مذنب vs آثم

Both relate to negative moral actions.

آثم carries a stronger connotation of inherent sinfulness or deep moral corruption, often used in religious contexts. مذنب typically refers to being guilty of a specific act or transgression.

He was condemned as آثم (sinful) for his blasphemy, while his accomplice was simply مذنب (guilty) of aiding him.

مذنب vs بريء

They are direct opposites in the context of guilt.

مذنب means 'guilty,' indicating responsibility for a wrongdoing. بريء means 'innocent,' meaning not guilty and free from blame.

The court declared him بريء (innocent) after finding no evidence that he was مذنب (guilty).

文型パターン

A1

Subject + مذنب.

الولد مذنب.

A1

هي + مذنبَة.

هي مذنبَة.

A2

شعر بأنه + مذنب.

شعر بأنه مذنب.

B1

وجد + Object + مذنبًا.

وجد القاضي المتهم مذنبًا.

B1

لم يكن + مذنبًا.

لم يكن مذنبًا.

B2

بدا + مذنبًا.

بدا مذنبًا.

C1

إقرار بـ + كونه + مذنبًا.

إقراره بكونه مذنبًا كان صعبًا.

C2

تم اعتبار + Subject + مذنبًا.

تم اعتباره مذنبًا.

語族

名詞

ذنب (dhanb) - sin, fault, offense
إذناب (idhnab) - sins, faults (plural)

動詞

أذنب (adhnab) - to sin, to commit a fault

形容詞

مذنب (mudhnib) - guilty

関連

تذنب (tadhnab) - to sin (reflexive/passive)
مذنِب (mudhnib) - sinning (participle)
إذناب (idhnab) - plural of ذنب (dhanb)
مذنبون (mudhnibūn) - guilty (masculine plural)
مذنبات (mudhnibāt) - guilty (feminine plural)
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使い方

frequency

High in contexts of law, morality, and personal accountability.

よくある間違い
  • Using the masculine form 'مذنب' for a female subject. → Using the feminine form 'مذنبَة'.

    Arabic adjectives must agree in gender with the noun they modify. Forgetting to add the 'ta' marbuta' (ة) for feminine subjects is a frequent error.

  • Confusing 'مذنب' with 'خاطئ' for minor errors. → Using 'خاطئ' for simple mistakes and 'مذنب' for actual wrongdoing.

    'مذنب' implies culpability and blame, while 'خاطئ' simply means 'wrong' or 'mistaken.' Using 'مذنب' for trivial errors can be an overstatement.

  • Forgetting plural forms. → Using 'مذنبون' for masculine plurals and 'مذنبات' for feminine plurals.

    When referring to multiple guilty parties, the singular adjective form is incorrect. Proper pluralization is essential for grammatical accuracy.

  • Mispronouncing the 'dh' sound. → Pronouncing 'dh' as in 'this'.

    This sound is distinct from 'd' or 'z'. Incorrect pronunciation can lead to misunderstanding or difficulty in recognition.

  • Using 'مذنب' when 'متهم' (accused) is more appropriate. → Using 'متهم' before guilt is proven, and 'مذنب' after guilt is established.

    'متهم' refers to someone under suspicion or charge, while 'مذنب' means they have been found guilty.

ヒント

Master the 'DH' Sound

The 'dh' in 'مذنب' (mudhnib) sounds like the 'th' in 'this'. Practice this sound to distinguish it from 'd' or 'z', which are common errors.

Mind the Gender

Always remember to use the feminine form 'مذنبَة' when referring to a female subject. Forgetting this is a common mistake.

Plural Forms Matter

While the singular masculine form is common, be aware of the plural forms 'مذنبون' and 'مذنبات' for situations involving multiple guilty parties.

Visual Association

Imagine someone looking guilty in a courtroom, perhaps with a large 'G' for Guilty behind them. This visual can help recall the meaning of 'مذنب'.

Practice with Sentences

Construct sentences using 'مذنب' in various contexts: legal, personal, and even metaphorical. This active recall solidifies understanding.

Social Implications

Understand that in many Arabic cultures, being labeled 'مذنب' can have significant social and familial consequences beyond legal punishment.

Distinguish from Similar Words

Learn the nuances between 'مذنب' (guilty), 'خاطئ' (mistaken), 'متهم' (accused), and 'آثم' (sinful) to use the most precise term.

Root Connection

Remember that 'مذنب' comes from the root ذ-ن-ب (dh-n-b), related to 'sin' and 'fault,' reinforcing its core meaning of wrongdoing.

Regular Revision

Periodically review the definition, usage, and related words of 'مذنب' to ensure it remains firmly in your vocabulary.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine a 'mud' pile that makes you feel 'guilty' for stepping in it. The 'mud' sound is similar to 'mudhnib'. So, 'mud' = 'mudhnib' = guilty.

視覚的連想

Picture a person standing in a courtroom, looking down with a guilty expression, perhaps with a large 'G' (for Guilty) projected behind them.

Word Web

Guilty Culpable Responsible for wrongdoing Transgression Offense Sinful (in some contexts) At fault Blameworthy

チャレンジ

Try to use 'مذنب' in three different sentences describing everyday situations where someone might feel guilty, even for a small mistake.

語源

The word 'مذنب' (mudhnib) is derived from the Arabic root ذ-ن-ب (dh-n-b). This root is fundamental to the concept of sin, fault, and transgression in Arabic and Semitic languages.

元の意味： The root ذ-ن-ب (dh-n-b) originally referred to the tail of an animal. Metaphorically, it came to signify following, trailing behind, or being led astray, which evolved into the meaning of committing a sin or fault.

Semitic languages, specifically Arabic.

文化的な背景

The word 'muthnab' can be sensitive, especially in legal or serious moral contexts. Using it inappropriately or for trivial matters can be seen as judgmental or overly harsh. It should be used with an understanding of the gravity of the transgression it implies.

In English-speaking cultures, 'guilty' is also a strong word, particularly in legal contexts. However, the social weight might differ. While reputation is important, the emphasis on family honor might be less pronounced than in some Arab cultures.

The story of Cain and Abel in religious texts often involves themes of guilt and being 'muthnab'. Courtroom dramas in Arabic media frequently use the term 'muthnab' when describing verdicts. Moral fables and proverbs often touch upon the consequences of actions that make one 'muthnab'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Legal proceedings and courtrooms

  • المتهم مذنب.
  • وجدت المحكمة المتهم مذنبًا.
  • أدين بأنه مذنب.

Discussions about morality and ethics

  • شعر بأنه مذنب.
  • كان مذنبًا في حق صديقه.
  • لا تكن مذنبًا.

News reports about crimes or misconduct

  • التقرير أظهر أنه مذنب.
  • التحقيقات أدت إلى اعتباره مذنبًا.
  • الشركة اعترفت بأنها مذنبَة.

Personal reflections on past mistakes

  • أنا مذنب.
  • أشعر بأنني مذنب.
  • لماذا أشعر بأنني مذنب؟

Fictional narratives and character descriptions

  • بدا مذنبًا.
  • كان يبدو مذنبًا.
  • شخصية مذنبَة.

会話のきっかけ

"Have you ever felt truly guilty about something you did?"

"What's the difference between making a mistake and being guilty?"

"In your opinion, when is someone considered 'guilty'?"

"Can you think of a time when someone was wrongly accused?"

"How important is it to admit when you are guilty?"

日記のテーマ

Describe a situation where you felt 'مذنب' (guilty). What happened, and how did you feel?

Reflect on the concept of accountability. When are we truly 'مذنب' (guilty) for our actions?

Write a short story where a character is accused of being 'مذنب' (guilty) but is later found innocent. What was the plot?

Compare and contrast the feeling of being 'مذنب' (guilty) with the feeling of just making a mistake (خاطئ).

Imagine you are a judge. How would you determine if someone is 'مذنب' (guilty)?

よくある質問

10 問

'مذنب' (mudhnib) means 'guilty' and implies responsibility for a wrongdoing or offense, carrying a sense of blame. 'خاطئ' (khāṭiʾ) means 'wrong' or 'mistaken' and refers to an error or inaccuracy without necessarily implying culpability. For example, a wrong answer is 'خاطئة', but a person who deliberately cheated is 'مذنب'.

You use 'مذنبَة' (mudhnibah) when the adjective refers to a female person or a feminine noun. For example, 'هي مذنبَة' (She is guilty) or 'السيارة مذنبَة' (The car is guilty - metaphorically, if it caused an accident).

Yes, 'مذنب' can be used metaphorically for inanimate objects or systems that have caused harm or failed in their function, implying they are 'at fault' or 'culpable'. For instance, 'النظام كان مذنبًا' (The system was guilty/at fault) for the data breach.

The masculine plural is 'مذنبون' (mudhnibūn), and the feminine plural is 'مذنبات' (mudhnibāt). For example, 'المتهمون مذنبون' (The defendants are guilty - masculine plural), and 'المتهمات مذنبَات' (The defendants are guilty - feminine plural).

No, 'مذنب' is not exclusively a legal term. While it is frequently used in legal contexts to mean 'guilty,' it is also used in everyday conversations and moral discussions to describe someone who has done something wrong, made a mistake, or acted against their conscience, even if it's not a crime.

The direct opposite of 'مذنب' is 'بريء' (barī') meaning 'innocent.' You can also use the negation 'غير مذنب' (ghayr mudhnib), which means 'not guilty.'

The root of 'مذنب' is ذ-ن-ب (dh-n-b), which is also the root for 'ذنب' (dhanb), meaning 'sin' or 'fault.' Therefore, 'مذنب' directly relates to the concept of sin and being responsible for it.

Yes, it can be used metaphorically for animals, especially in a playful or anthropomorphic way, to describe them as being 'guilty' of some misdeed. For example, 'القط مذنب لأنه أكل الطعام' (The cat is guilty because it ate the food).

'مذنب' refers to being guilty of a specific act or transgression. 'آثم' (āthim) implies a deeper, more inherent sinfulness or wickedness, often used in religious or moral condemnation.

Be mindful of gender agreement (use 'مذنبَة' for females), use plural forms when necessary, and ensure the context truly implies guilt rather than just a simple mistake ('خاطئ'). Also, pay attention to sentence structure and placement.

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