Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use the First Conditional with 'and' or 'or' to talk about future results that depend on multiple requirements.
- Use Present Simple for all conditions after 'if': 'If it rains and I'm late...'
- Use 'will' + base verb for the result: '...I will call you.'
- Use 'and' when both things must happen; use 'or' when only one is needed.
Overview
ifが一つだけでは足りないと感じたことはありませんか？例えば、上司と交渉しているとき：「もしこのプロジェクトを終わらせて、かつクライアントが満足してくれたら、金曜日に休みをもらえますか？」これは二重の条件です。人生は単純ではありません。結果を得る前に、二つのことがうまくいく必要があることが多いのです。この文法ルールは、英語で論理的な「かつ（AND）/または（OR）」のゲートを作るためのものです。これは、単なる推測と、しっかりとした現実的な計画の違いです。あなたは毎日、無意識にこれを使っています。Netflixのサブスクを考えてみてください。料金を支払い、かつインターネットがあれば、番組を見ることができます。このガイドを読み、練習すれば、すぐにエキスパートになれるでしょう。そうでなければ、あなたを見守るために仮想のフクロウを送り込みますよ！冗談です（たぶん）。How This Grammar Works
and を使います。これはセット販売のようなものです。一方を逃すと、すべてが失敗します。反対に、選択肢があるときは or を使います。条件Aまたは条件Bのどちらかが起これば、結果はついてきます。時制は標準的な第1条件文と全く同じです。条件には present simple（現在形）を使い、結果には will を使います。文法の論理は、恋愛の論理よりずっと簡単ですよ、約束します！
Formation Pattern
if で始めます。
present simple を使って最初の条件を追加します。
and や or などの接続詞を入れて条件をつなぎます。
present simple で追加します。
will + 動詞の原形を使って結果の節を書きます。
if を繰り返す必要はありません。「If you study and practice」と言う方が、繰り返すよりも自然です。
When To Use It
- SNS: 「この投稿をいいねして、かつ3人の友達をタグ付けしたら、プレゼントに応募できます。」
- テック＆ゲーム: 「金の鍵を持っているか、またはレベルが50以上なら、秘密の扉が開きます。」
- 仕事: 「四半期目標を達成し、かつ予算が許せば、全員にボーナスが出ます。」
- 旅行: 「電車が時間通りに来るか、またはタクシーがすぐ見つかれば、コンサート開始前に到着します。」
Common Mistakes
will を入れてはいけません。「If you will call me」ではなく、「If you call me」と言いましょう。これはB1レベルでは非常に重要なポイントです。もう一つの間違いは、and と or の論理を混同することです。「雨が降って、かつ晴れたら、行きます」と言うと、気象の奇跡を待っていることになります。おそらく or と言いたかったはずです。また、he/she/it の -s を忘れないでください。if 節で will を使うのは、サンダルに靴下を履くようなものです。不可能ではありませんが、みんなが少し違和感を感じます。Contrast With Similar Patterns
second conditional（第2条件文）とも違います。ここで扱うのは現実の生活です。unless を使った文とも比較できますが、これは否定の if のようなものです。zero conditional は一般的な事実のためのもので、将来の計画のためのものではありません。Quick FAQ
条件を3つ以上使えますか？
もちろんです！「勉強し、練習し、よく寝れば、合格します。」のように使えます。
カンマは常に必要ですか？
if 節が最初に来る場合のみ必要です。
will の代わりに can を使えますか？
はい、可能性を示すために使えます。
フォーマルですか、インフォーマルですか？
両方です！契約書でもWhatsAppのメッセージでも使われます。
一つの文で and と or を混ぜられますか？
可能ですが、混乱を招くことがあるので、シンプルに保つのがベストです。
結果に won't を使えますか？
はい。「電話もせず、メールも送らなければ、私は気づかないでしょう。」
First Conditional with Multiple Conditions
| If-Clause (Conditions) | Punctuation | Result Clause |
|---|---|---|
|
If + Present Simple + AND + Present Simple
|
,
|
Subject + will + Verb
|
|
If + Present Simple + OR + Present Simple
|
,
|
Subject + will + Verb
|
|
If + Subject + don't/doesn't + Verb + AND + Subject + don't/doesn't + Verb
|
,
|
Subject + won't + Verb
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction |
|---|---|
|
I will
|
I'll
|
|
You will
|
You'll
|
|
He/She/It will
|
He'll / She'll / It'll
|
|
We will
|
We'll
|
|
They will
|
They'll
|
|
will not
|
won't
|
Meanings
This structure describes a real or possible future situation where the outcome depends on two or more conditions being met (AND) or at least one of several conditions being met (OR).
Cumulative Conditions (AND)
Used when every single condition mentioned must be true for the result to happen.
“If you have a passport and you buy a ticket, you will be able to fly.”
“If the sun comes out and the wind stops, we'll go to the beach.”
Alternative Conditions (OR)
Used when the result happens if at least one of the conditions is met.
“If it rains or it gets too cold, we will move the party indoors.”
“If you lose your key or you forget the code, you will need to call the manager.”
Complex Logic (Mixed AND/OR)
Used in technical or precise contexts to define complex requirements.
“If you have a coupon and it's Tuesday, or if you are a member, you'll get a discount.”
“If the alarm rings and there is smoke, or if you see fire, you will exit immediately.”
Reference Table
| 接続詞 | 意味 | If節の構造 | 結果節 | 例文 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
AND
|
両方の条件が真
|
If [条件1] AND [条件2]...
|
... will [動詞の原形]
|
If it's sunny AND I'm free, I'll go out.
|
|
OR
|
少なくとも一つの条件が真
|
If [条件1] OR [条件2]...
|
... will [動詞の原形]
|
If it rains OR it's cold, we'll stay home.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
If you are available and it is convenient for you, I would appreciate your assistance. (Requesting help)
If you're free and you have time, will you help me? (Requesting help)
If you're free and can help, let me know! (Requesting help)
If you're around and down to help, hit me up. (Requesting help)
ファーストコンディショナル: AND/OR
主な要素
- If-clause 条件 (現在形)
- Main Clause 結果 (will + 動詞の原形)
- Connectors AND / OR
ANDの機能
- 両方真 全ての条件が満たされる必要があります。
- Example AND If it rains AND it's cold, we'll stay home.
ORの機能
- 一つ真 少なくとも一つの条件が満たされる必要があります。
- Example OR If it rains OR it's cold, we'll stay home.
よくある間違い
- No 'will' 'if' 節には決して 'will' を使わない。
ファーストコンディショナルにおけるANDとORの比較
複数条件のファーストコンディショナルを作る
未来の結果に対する条件はありますか？
結果は『別の』条件に依存しますか？
全ての条件が真である必要がありますか？
起こりうる未来の結果は何ですか？
AND/ORを使ったファーストコンディショナル
ANDの例
- • If it's sunny AND I'm free, I'll go.
- • If you finish AND report, we'll leave.
- • If he works AND saves, he'll buy a house.
ORの例
- • If it rains OR it's cold, we'll stay.
- • If you call OR text, I'll reply.
- • If she studies OR gets help, she'll pass.
様々な状況
- • 就職面接
- • グループプロジェクト
- • 旅行の計画
レベル別の例文
If I am hungry and I have food, I will eat.
If I am hungry and I have food, I will eat.
If it is hot or it is sunny, I will swim.
If it is hot or it is sunny, I will swim.
I will go if you go and she goes.
I will go if you go and she goes.
If you are sad or you are tired, I will help.
If you are sad or you are tired, I will help.
If you don't study and you don't practice, you won't learn.
If you don't study and you don't practice, you won't learn.
If the bus is late or it doesn't come, I'll take a taxi.
If the bus is late or it doesn't come, I'll take a taxi.
We will stay home if it rains and the wind is strong.
We will stay home if it rains and the wind is strong.
If you see him or you talk to him, tell him 'hello'.
If you see him or you talk to him, tell him 'hello'.
If the flight is delayed and I miss my connection, I'll be very upset.
If the flight is delayed and I miss my connection, I'll be very upset.
If you have a fever or you feel dizzy, you should see a doctor.
If you have a fever or you feel dizzy, you should see a doctor.
If the company grows and we hit our targets, everyone will get a bonus.
If the company grows and we hit our targets, everyone will get a bonus.
I'll buy that phone if it's on sale or if I get a discount code.
I'll buy that phone if it's on sale or if I get a discount code.
If the software crashes and you haven't saved your work, you might lose everything.
If the software crashes and you haven't saved your work, you might lose everything.
If you aren't satisfied with the product or it arrives damaged, we will offer a full refund.
If you aren't satisfied with the product or it arrives damaged, we will offer a full refund.
If the interest rates rise and the market remains unstable, investors will be cautious.
If the interest rates rise and the market remains unstable, investors will be cautious.
Will you still go to the concert if the tickets are expensive and it's far away?
Will you still go to the concert if the tickets are expensive and it's far away?
If the witness fails to appear or the evidence is deemed inadmissible, the case will be dismissed.
If the witness fails to appear or the evidence is deemed inadmissible, the case will be dismissed.
If we fail to innovate and our competitors continue to grow, we will inevitably lose market share.
If we fail to innovate and our competitors continue to grow, we will inevitably lose market share.
If the government should intervene and the subsidies be removed, the industry will collapse.
If the government should intervene and the subsidies be removed, the industry will collapse.
If you don't mind the noise and you can handle the commute, the apartment is a steal.
If you don't mind the noise and you can handle the commute, the apartment is a steal.
If the geopolitical climate worsens and trade barriers are erected, we shall see a global recession.
If the geopolitical climate worsens and trade barriers are erected, we shall see a global recession.
If one's integrity is compromised or one's reputation tarnished, recovery is a long road.
If one's integrity is compromised or one's reputation tarnished, recovery is a long road.
If the system is breached and sensitive data leaked, the repercussions will be catastrophic.
If the system is breached and sensitive data leaked, the repercussions will be catastrophic.
If the author's intent is misunderstood and the context ignored, the critique will be flawed.
If the author's intent is misunderstood and the context ignored, the critique will be flawed.
間違えやすい
Learners use 'will' for general facts or forget that First Conditional is for specific events.
Mixing 'if I have' (real) with 'I would' (imaginary).
よくある間違い
If I will go and I will see her, I'll say hi.
If I go and see her, I'll say hi.
If it rain and I am late...
If it rains and I am late...
If you are tired or you are sick you should stay.
If you are tired or you are sick, you should stay.
If the boss or the manager call, tell them I'm out.
If the boss or the manager calls, tell them I'm out.
If the data is leaked and the system will be breached...
If the data is leaked and the system is breached...
文型パターン
If it ___ and I ___, I will ___.
I will ___ if you ___ or if she ___.
Real World Usage
If I am hired and I start next month, I will be fully committed to the role.
If you're out or you're coming home soon, can you grab milk?
If the train is on time and we don't get lost, we'll arrive by 6 PM.
If you buy two items and use this code, you'll get free shipping.
If the sauce is too thick or it tastes too salty, add a little water.
If you find the key and open the chest, you'll get the legendary sword.
「AND」と「OR」をイメージする
「if」節に「will」はNG！
他の助動詞も検討してみよう
「明確さ」が一番大切
複雑な条件は分解する
Smart Tips
Delete the 'will' and check if the verb needs an 's'.
Use 'or' to show that either condition is enough.
Move the 'if' clause to the end to sound more conversational.
Keep the verb singular. 'Or' separates the subjects.
発音
The 'If' Jump
Usually, the voice rises slightly at the end of the first condition and the second condition, then falls at the end of the result clause.
Listing Conditions
If A (up), B (up), and C (up)... then D (down).
Each condition is part of a list leading to a result.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Remember 'AND' is a bridge (you need both sides) and 'OR' is a fork in the road (you only need one path).
視覚的連想
Imagine a locked door with two keyholes. If it's 'AND', you need both keys. If it's 'OR', there are two different doors that both lead to the same room.
Rhyme
If you use 'and', both must stand. If you use 'or', one opens the door.
Story
A traveler reaches a castle. The guard says, 'If you have a gold coin AND a secret password, you can enter.' Later, a different guard says, 'If you are a knight OR you know the king, you can enter.'
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write three sentences about your plans for next weekend using 'if... and...' and 'if... or...'.
文化メモ
Often uses 'should' in the if-clause for politeness or to show a condition is less likely: 'If you should see him and have a moment...'
Very direct use of multiple conditions in business negotiations: 'If you do X and Y, we'll do Z.'
Commonly used in 'If This Then That' (IFTTT) logic for automation and programming.
Conditionals in English evolved from Old English 'gif' (if). The use of 'will' as a future marker developed later as it originally meant 'to want' or 'to wish'.
会話のきっかけ
What will you do if it rains and your outdoor plans are cancelled next weekend?
If you win the lottery or get a huge promotion, what is the first thing you'll buy?
If you have to move to a new city and you don't know anyone, how will you make friends?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
If she ___ (finish) her presentation AND ___ (get) approval, she ___ (go) home early.
Find and fix the mistake:
If he will arrive on time or the traffic is clear, we will start the meeting.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Si ella estudia O él la ayuda, aprobarán el examen.'
Answer starts with: ["I...
Score: /4
練習問題
8 exercisesIf it ___ (rain) and the wind ___ (be) strong, we ___ (stay) home.
Select the correct conditional sentence:
Find and fix the mistake:
If he finish his work and he has time, he will come to the party.
If you pay me and you buy me lunch, I will help you.
You can use 'will' in the if-clause if there are two conditions joined by 'and'.
A: Are you coming to the beach? B: ___
If you study hard and you practice every day, you will pass the exam.
1. If you eat too much and don't exercise... 2. If you save money or get a loan... 3. If you lose your phone and have no backup...
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesIf the boss ___ (call) AND I ___ (not/answer), please take a message.
If you will be hungry or you will be thirsty, I will make you a sandwich.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Si él no llega pronto Y la película comienza, nos iremos sin él.'
これらの単語を並べ替えて文を作りましょう:
文の始まりと正しい終わりを合わせましょう:
If you ___ (not/study) AND you ___ (not/practice), you ___ (fail) the test.
If she needs help or she will have questions, I am there.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Si el clima mejora Y no tenemos otros planes, haremos una barbacoa.'
これらの単語を並べ替えて文を作りましょう:
文の始まりと、正しい文の終わりを合わせましょう:
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
Yes! You can use other modals like `can`, `might`, or `may` in the result clause to change the meaning. For example: `If you have a ticket and a mask, you can enter.`
No, you don't have to. You can say `If it rains and it's cold...` instead of `If it rains and if it's cold...`. Both are correct, but the first is more common.
The rule stays the same! Just use commas and a conjunction: `If it rains, the wind blows, and I'm tired, I'll stay home.` All conditions stay in the `Present Simple`.
Grammatically yes, but logically it's strange because it covers all possibilities. Usually, 'or' is used for two different paths to the same result.
In English, the `if` clause sets the stage or the 'condition'. We use the present tense to describe this state, even if it's in the future. Using `will` makes it sound like a separate future fact, not a condition.
Yes, but be careful! `If you have a degree AND you speak English, OR if you have 10 years of experience, you'll get the job.` This is complex but common in formal English.
Yes, just like in math. Usually, we group 'and' conditions together. If you mix them, the meaning can change. Use clear phrasing to avoid confusion.
Yes. `Unless you study and you practice, you won't pass.` This means 'If you don't study AND you don't practice...'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Si + presente indicativo
English strictly forbids 'will' in the if-clause, whereas some Spanish dialects might use future-leaning structures.
Si + présent
French learners often try to use the future 'si il pleuvra' which is incorrect in both languages.
Wenn + Präsens
Word order: In German, the verb in the 'if' clause moves to the end.
〜たら / 〜ば (~tara / ~ba)
Japanese conjugates the verb to show 'if', rather than using a separate word like 'if'.
إن / إذا (In / Idha)
Tense usage: Arabic often uses a 'past' form for the condition even if it hasn't happened yet.
如果... 就... (Rúguǒ... jiù...)
No tense: Chinese doesn't change the verb for the future, so learners often forget 'will'.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Related Grammar Rules
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