Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'If + Present Continuous' to talk about results of actions happening right now or future plans.
- Use for current actions: 'If you're looking for your keys, they're here.'
- Use for future plans: 'If you're coming tonight, I'll buy extra pizza.'
- The result clause usually uses 'will' or a modal like 'can' or 'should'.
Overview
If + Present Simple, will + Base Verb（もし〜なら、〜だろう）という形は、一般的な事実や習慣的な結果を述べる際に使われます。しかし、現実に生きている私たちの会話では、「今まさに進行中の状況」や「すでに決まっている予定」に基づいて話すことが非常に多いですよね。例えば、仕事の就活中や、カフェでの友達との待ち合わせなど、状況は刻一刻と変化します。ここで役立つのが、If節の中で Present Continuous（現在進行形）を使う形です。日本語では「もし〜しているなら」と表現しますが、英語ではこの「進行」のニュアンスを文法的に明示することで、より具体的で臨場感のある表現が可能になります。日本語には「時制」の厳密なルールが英語ほど細かくなく、文脈で判断することが多いですが、英語ではこのPresent Continuousを使うことで、「今この瞬間の状態」なのか「一般的な事実」なのかを明確に区別します。この使い分けができるようになると、英語表現の幅がぐっと広がり、よりネイティブに近い自然な響きになります。If節で Present Continuous (be動詞 + verb-ing) を使う場合、主に2つの大きな役割があります。一つ目は「今まさに目の前で進行している動作」です。例えば、「もし今雨が降っているなら、傘を持っていく」と言いたい時、If it rains と言うと「雨が降るという習慣的なこと」に聞こえますが、If it is raining と言うと「今まさに窓の外を見て雨が降っている状況」を指します。二つ目は「すでに決まっている未来の予定」です。英語では現在進行形を使って未来の確定した予定を表すことができます。If we are meeting at 7 PM と言えば、「7時に会うことがすでに決まっている」という文脈になります。日本語の「もし〜する予定なら」や「もし〜している最中なら」という表現に相当します。日本語では「〜している」という形が進行形と状態の両方をカバーしますが、英語のPresent Continuousは「一時的な状況」や「進行中の動き」を強調する点で非常にクリアです。メインの節（帰結節）には will だけでなく、can（できる）、might（かもしれない）、should（すべき）などの助動詞を組み合わせることで、確信度やアドバイスの度合いを調整できます。この柔軟性こそが英語の面白さであり、日本語の「〜だろう」という曖昧な表現を、文脈に応じて使い分けるための鍵となります。If節とメイン節の二つのパーツから成り立ちます。If節には現在進行形、メイン節には未来の予測や結果を置きます。If + 主語 + be動詞 + V-ing | If you are working... |will + 動詞の原形 | ...I will call you later. |If you are waiting for the train, you will see a sign.（もし電車を待っているなら、看板が見えるはずです。）If you are feeling tired, take a rest.(命令形)If she is studying, she might not answer.(mightを使用)
If you are working on the report, please send it by 5 PM.（もし今レポートを作成中なら、5時までに送ってください。）これは、相手が今まさに作業をしていることを前提に話しています。次に「予定」です。If you are going to the convenience store, could you buy me a drink?（もしコンビニに行く予定があるなら、飲み物を買ってきてくれませんか？）これは、相手の予定を条件にした依頼です。最後に「一時的な状態」です。If you are staying at that hotel, you will be close to the station.（もしそのホテルに滞在しているのなら、駅に近いですよ。）これは、滞在期間という一時的な状況を条件にしています。日本語では「〜なら」で済ませてしまうところを、英語では進行形を使うことで「今まさにその状況にある」というニュアンスを強調できます。これにより、相手に対してより具体的で配慮の行き届いたコミュニケーションが可能になります。- 1
If節の中でwillを使ってしまう。
If it will be raining, I will stay home.If節にもwillを入れてしまいます。しかし、英語のルールではIf節はあくまで「条件」であり、未来のことでも現在形や現在進行形を使います。- 1進行形と状態の区別をせず、すべて現在形で済ませてしまう。
If you work now, don't stop.If you are working now と進行形にすることで、「今この瞬間」という限定感がより明確になります。- 1文脈を無視した時制の不一致。
If you are tired yesterday, you should have slept.If + Present Simple と If + Present Continuous の違いを比較表で整理しましょう。If it rains, I stay home. | If it is raining, I am staying home. |If節で be動詞を忘れて If you working と言ったら通じますか？are などの be動詞を入れましょう。know や like などの状態動詞は進行形にできません。その場合は、通常の現在形 (If you know...) を使ってください。will 以外の助動詞を使ってもいいですか？can, may, should などを使うことで、可能性や義務、アドバイスのニュアンスを自由に加えることができます。Formation of the 'If' Clause
| Subject | Auxiliary (Be) | Verb (-ing) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
am ('m)
|
working
|
If I'm working...
|
|
You
|
are ('re)
|
working
|
If you're working...
|
|
He/She/It
|
is ('s)
|
working
|
If she's working...
|
|
We
|
are ('re)
|
working
|
If we're working...
|
|
They
|
are ('re)
|
working
|
If they're working...
|
|
I (Neg)
|
am not
|
working
|
If I'm not working...
|
|
You (Neg)
|
aren't
|
working
|
If you aren't working...
|
|
He (Neg)
|
isn't
|
working
|
If he isn't working...
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
If you are
|
If you're
|
Spoken/Informal
|
|
If he is
|
If he's
|
Spoken/Informal
|
|
If they are
|
If they're
|
Spoken/Informal
|
|
If it is
|
If it's
|
Spoken/Informal
|
Meanings
A variation of the first conditional where the 'if' clause (condition) uses the present continuous to emphasize that the action is currently in progress or is a settled future arrangement.
Ongoing Actions
Refers to something the listener is doing at the exact moment of speaking.
“If you're listening to me, please look up.”
“If you're feeling sick, you should go home.”
Future Arrangements
Refers to a plan or arrangement that has already been made for the future.
“If you're staying at that hotel, I'll pick you up at 8.”
“If you're flying tomorrow, you need to check in now.”
Temporary Situations
Refers to a temporary state or habit occurring around the present time.
“If you're living in London this month, we should meet.”
“If you're using my car while yours is fixed, please be careful.”
Reference Table
| タイプ | If節 (条件) | 主節 (結果) | 例文 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
進行中の行動
|
If + S + be + V-ing
|
S + will + V
|
If it's raining, we'll stay inside.
|
|
未来の予定
|
If + S + be + V-ing
|
S + will + V
|
If you're meeting him, tell him I said hi.
|
|
アドバイス／命令
|
If + S + be + V-ing
|
Imperative
|
If you're driving, be careful.
|
|
不確実な結果
|
If + S + be + V-ing
|
S + may/might/can + V
|
If she's studying, she might not answer.
|
|
一時的な状況
|
If + S + be + V-ing
|
S + will + V
|
If they're staying at a hotel, they'll have breakfast there.
|
|
否定的な条件
|
If + S + isn't + V-ing
|
S + will + V
|
If he isn't coming, I'll go alone.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
If you are departing now, I shall accompany you. (Leaving a location)
If you're leaving now, I'll come with you. (Leaving a location)
If you're heading out, I'm coming too. (Leaving a location)
If you're bouncing, I'm down. (Leaving a location)
First Conditional: 現在進行形
If節 (条件)
- Present Continuous am/is/are + verb-ing
- 進行中の行動 happening now
- 未来の予定 set plan
主節 (結果)
- Future Simple will/won't + base verb
- Modals can/may/might/should + base verb
- Imperative command/instruction
使い方
- 結果 of current actions
- 含意 of current plans
- アドバイス／警告 based on ongoing situation
If節における現在形 vs 現在進行形
『If you're doing...』を使うべき？
その条件は、『今』まさに起こっている行動、または確定した未来の予定ですか？
その条件は、一般的な事実、習慣、または定期的な出来事ですか？
『If you're doing...』を使う状況
進行中の活動
- • プロジェクトに取り組む
- • 運転する
- • 試験勉強をする
- • 映画を見る
未来の予定
- • 友達と会う
- • 旅行する
- • グループにプレゼンする
- • 夕食をとる
一時的な状況
- • 海外に住む
- • ホテルに滞在する
- • 体調が悪い
- • 問題が発生する
レベル別の例文
If you are eating, I will wait.
If you are eating, I will wait.
If it is raining, we will stay here.
If it is raining, we will stay here.
If you are sleeping, I will be quiet.
If you are sleeping, I will be quiet.
If they are playing, they will be happy.
If they are playing, they will be happy.
If you're going to the shop, can you buy bread?
If you're going to the shop, can you buy bread?
If he's not working, he'll help us.
If he's not working, he'll help us.
If we're leaving at five, I need to get ready.
If we're leaving at five, I need to get ready.
If you're feeling better, we can go for a walk.
If you're feeling better, we can go for a walk.
If you're considering a new job, you should update your CV.
If you're considering a new job, you should update your CV.
If they're still living in Paris, we'll visit them.
If they're still living in Paris, we'll visit them.
If you're not using that computer, may I borrow it?
If you're not using that computer, may I borrow it?
If you're having trouble with the app, try restarting it.
If you're having trouble with the app, try restarting it.
If you're planning on attending the gala, you'll need to RSVP by Friday.
If you're planning on attending the gala, you'll need to RSVP by Friday.
If the company is expanding into Asia, they'll need more bilingual staff.
If the company is expanding into Asia, they'll need more bilingual staff.
If you're finding the course difficult, you should speak to the tutor.
If you're finding the course difficult, you should speak to the tutor.
If she's still recovering from the surgery, she won't be able to travel.
If she's still recovering from the surgery, she won't be able to travel.
If you're operating under the assumption that he'll resign, you're mistaken.
If you're operating under the assumption that he'll resign, you're mistaken.
If the government is truly committed to reform, they will pass this bill.
If the government is truly committed to reform, they will pass this bill.
If you're implying that my methods are outdated, I'd like to see your evidence.
If you're implying that my methods are outdated, I'd like to see your evidence.
If the market is fluctuating this wildly, investors will remain cautious.
If the market is fluctuating this wildly, investors will remain cautious.
If the protagonist is constantly grappling with his conscience, the reader will naturally empathize.
If the protagonist is constantly grappling with his conscience, the reader will naturally empathize.
If we're to believe that the data is untainted, we must examine the collection process.
If we're to believe that the data is untainted, we must examine the collection process.
If the city is perpetually reinventing itself, it will never lose its charm.
If the city is perpetually reinventing itself, it will never lose its charm.
If you're suggesting a paradigm shift, you'll need more than just anecdotal evidence.
If you're suggesting a paradigm shift, you'll need more than just anecdotal evidence.
間違えやすい
Learners often use the simple form for everything. They don't realize the continuous adds a 'right now' or 'planned' feeling.
Learners try to use 'will be -ing' after 'if'.
Using verbs like 'know', 'like', or 'want' in the -ing form.
よくある間違い
If you will be eating, I wait.
If you're eating, I'll wait.
If you eating, I will wait.
If you're eating, I'll wait.
If it rains now, I will take a taxi.
If it's raining now, I'll take a taxi.
If you are go, I will go.
If you're going, I'll go.
If you're go to the party, tell me.
If you're going to the party, tell me.
If you are coming, I come too.
If you're coming, I'll come too.
If he is work, don't call him.
If he's working, don't call him.
If you're wanting some help, ask me.
If you want some help, ask me.
If you're having a car, you can drive.
If you have a car, you can drive.
If you'll be staying here, I'll bring lunch.
If you're staying here, I'll bring lunch.
If you're knowing the answer, say it.
If you know the answer, say it.
文型パターン
If you're ___ing, I'll ___.
If it's ___ing, we should ___.
If they're ___ing, they won't ___.
If you're not ___ing, can you ___?
Real World Usage
If you're still coming, let me know!
If you're looking for someone with leadership skills, I have five years of experience.
If you're seeing an error message, please take a screenshot.
If you're still serving breakfast, I'll have the pancakes.
If you're carrying any liquids, please place them in the bin.
If you're reading this, have an amazing day!
『ing』の節を見つけよう
『if』の節には『will』は使わない！
『今』の状態を確認しよう
自然な英語を話すために
助動詞にも注目！
Smart Tips
Always use the '-ing' form in your 'if' clause to sound more natural.
Use 'If you're [verb]ing' to refer to plans that are already decided.
Use the continuous to acknowledge the other person's activity.
Switch back to the Present Simple for verbs like 'want', 'need', 'like', and 'know'.
発音
Contraction Stress
In 'If you're...', the 're' is very short and almost disappears. The stress is on 'If' and the main verb.
Rising Intonation
The 'if' clause usually has a rising intonation at the end to show the sentence isn't finished.
Conditional Rise-Fall
If you're ↗️listening, I'll ↘️explain.
Conveys a condition and its subsequent result.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Remember: 'If you're DOING, I'll be VIEWING.' (If the action is in progress, the result is what follows).
視覚的連想
Imagine a person halfway through a bridge. If they are *currently walking* (continuous), they will *reach the other side* (will).
Rhyme
If you're doing it right now, I will show you how.
Story
A chef sees an apprentice chopping onions. He says, 'If you're chopping those now, you'll be crying in a minute.' The action is happening, and the result is inevitable.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look around the room. Find someone doing something. Write one sentence starting with 'If you're [action]...'
文化メモ
Often used with 'just' to sound more polite and less intrusive. 'If you're just passing by, do drop in.'
Frequently used in customer service to offer immediate help based on observed behavior.
Commonly used in casual invitations for future plans.
Conditionals in English evolved from Old English 'gif' (if). The use of the continuous aspect (be + -ing) developed later in Middle English and became standardized in the 18th century.
会話のきっかけ
If you're planning a vacation this year, where will you go?
If you're looking for a new hobby, what will you try?
If you're feeling tired today, will you go to bed early?
If you're considering moving to another city, which one will you choose?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
If she ___ for her exam right now, please don't disturb her.
Choose the correct sentence:
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercisesIf you ________ (look) for the manager, he is in his office.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
If you're not use the car, can I have the keys?
coming / if / you're / tonight / call / me
Si estás escuchando, entenderás.
1. If you're driving... / 2. If you're not eating... / 3. If you're cold...
A: I'm thinking about buying a new phone. B: If you ________ a new phone, wait for the sale next week.
You can use 'will' in the 'if' clause when using the present continuous.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesIf he ___ (travel) around Asia for a month, he'll definitely learn a lot.
If you will be waiting for the bus, you might get cold.
Which sentence is correct?
If you're chillin' at home, wanna grab some food?
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the conditional beginnings with their endings:
If we ___ (head) to the beach later, we'll need to pack sunscreen.
If you watching TV, you'll miss the important announcement.
Which sentence is correct?
If you are currently feeling hunger, we could order some snacks.
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the clauses:
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
Yes! You can say `If you're coming, I'm going to be so happy.` It works just like `will`.
No, it's actually very common in casual speech because it reacts to what is happening *now*.
If it's a general habit, use the Present Simple: `If you smoke, you get sick.` If it's a temporary habit, use Continuous: `If you're smoking a lot these days, you should stop.`
Yes. `If I'm being too loud, please tell me.` This is very common when talking about your own behavior.
In English, the 'if' clause is a condition, and conditions are expressed with present tenses, even if they refer to the future.
Yes. `Unless you're joking, I'm very angry.` It follows the same rules as 'if'.
Generally, no. We don't say `If you're knowing the answer`. We say `If you know the answer`.
No, this is only for present or future. For the past, you would need the Third Conditional.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Si estás + gerundio
English is much stricter about using the continuous for 'right now' actions.
Si tu es en train de...
French usually just uses the simple present 'Si tu travailles'.
Wenn du gerade ... machst
German has no '-ing' equivalent; the tense remains simple.
-te iru nara
Japanese word order is reversed (Condition then 'if').
Idha kuntu...
Arabic doesn't have a direct 'be + ing' equivalent in the same way.
Rúguǒ nǐ zhèngzài...
No 'be' verb or '-ing' suffix is used.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
関連動画
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