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A2 noun 11分で読める

desdém

練習する例文メモとヒント desdém 30秒で

解説 desdém in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'desdém' often, but it is good to recognize it as a 'bad feeling' about someone else. Think of it like this: when someone thinks they are better than you and they show it with their face, that is 'desdém'. In English, we say 'scorn'. It is a noun. You can remember it by thinking of a 'disdainful' look. At this level, just remember that 'desdém' is a masculine word ('o desdém') and it usually means someone is being mean or arrogant by looking down on others. You might see it in simple stories where a 'bad character' (vilão) treats the 'good character' (herói) with 'desdém'. It's not a word for friends; it's a word for people who are not being nice. Focus on the sound: 'dez-DAYNG'. It rhymes with 'trem' (train) and 'bem' (well). If you see someone with their nose in the air, you can say to yourself: 'Ele tem muito desdém'. This will help you associate the word with the action. Don't worry about the grammar too much yet, just know the meaning.

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At the A2 level, you should start to understand how 'desdém' fits into sentences. It is a masculine noun, so we say 'o desdém' or 'um desdém'. You will often see it with the preposition 'com' (with). For example: 'Ele olhou com desdém' (He looked with disdain). This word is useful for describing people's reactions. If you are reading a simple book or watching a Brazilian soap opera, you will hear this word when a rich person ignores a poor person. It's more than just 'not liking'; it's 'looking down'. You can practice using it with simple verbs like 'mostrar' (to show) or 'sentir' (to feel). 'Eu sinto desdém por mentiras' (I feel disdain for lies). Notice the preposition 'por' (for/towards) after the word when you mention what the feeling is directed at. This is a very common pattern. Learning 'desdém' at this level helps you move beyond basic words like 'triste' or 'mau' and start describing more complex social attitudes. It's a great 'bridge' word to more advanced Portuguese.

For B1 learners, 'desdém' becomes a tool for more descriptive writing and speaking. You should be able to use it to explain social dynamics. Instead of saying 'He is arrogant', you can say 'Ele trata todos com um desdém visível' (He treats everyone with a visible disdain). At this level, you should also learn the verb 'desdenhar' (to scorn/to disdain), which is directly related. However, the noun 'desdém' is often more powerful in descriptions. You should start noticing how adjectives modify this noun. Expressions like 'desdém profundo' (deep disdain) or 'desdém frio' (cold disdain) are common. You might encounter this word in news articles discussing political tensions or social inequality. For example, 'O desdém pelas leis ambientais preocupa os especialistas'. Here, the word is used to describe a lack of respect for rules. It's important to distinguish 'desdém' from 'ódio' (hate). Hatred is active and loud; disdain is often quiet and dismissive. Understanding this nuance is a key part of reaching the B1 level in Portuguese.

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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'desdém' in various registers, although it primarily belongs to formal or literary contexts. You should understand its nuances compared to synonyms like 'desprezo', 'menosprezo', and 'indiferença'. 'Desdém' often implies a certain aesthetic or social superiority that 'desprezo' might lack. In B2 level texts, you will see 'desdém' used to critique societal attitudes. You should be able to use it in complex sentence structures, such as: 'Apesar de sua origem humilde, ele nunca olhou para os outros com desdém'. This shows you can handle the word in negative and concessive clauses. You should also be aware of the cultural implications of 'desdém' in Lusophone societies, where it is often linked to 'elitismo' and class struggles. In academic discussions, you can use 'desdém' to describe a researcher's dismissal of a particular theory. For example: 'Houve um certo desdém inicial pelas descobertas de Darwin'. This level requires you to use the word with precision, choosing it specifically when you want to convey the idea of looking down from a position of perceived authority.

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As a C1 learner, you should master the subtle 'flavor' that 'desdém' adds to a text. You can use it to create atmosphere in creative writing or to add rhetorical weight in persuasive essays. At this level, you should explore the word's presence in classical Portuguese literature. Reading authors like Eça de Queirós, you will see 'desdém' used to paint vivid pictures of 19th-century social hierarchies. You should also be able to use the word idiomatically and understand its role in complex metaphors. For instance, 'O desdém do tempo pelas ambições humanas' (The disdain of time for human ambitions). This metaphorical use is typical of high-level Portuguese. You should also be able to discuss the etymology of the word (from French 'dédaigner') and how its meaning has evolved or stayed consistent across centuries. In professional or diplomatic settings, you should know that accusing someone of 'desdém' is a serious matter, as it implies a fundamental lack of professional respect. Your usage should be flawless, including the correct nasal pronunciation and the placement of the word within sophisticated syntactic structures.

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At the C2 level, 'desdém' is a word you use with surgical precision. You understand its psychological depth—how it can be a defense mechanism for the insecure or a weapon for the powerful. You can analyze the use of 'desdém' in philosophical texts, perhaps discussing it in the context of Nietzschean 'ressentiment' or social theories of class distinction (like Bourdieu's 'distinction'). You are capable of identifying the 'tone' of 'desdém' even when the word itself isn't used, by recognizing the associated vocabulary and syntactic patterns. In your own production, you use 'desdém' to provide nuanced critiques of literature, art, or politics. You might use it to describe the 'desdém estético' of a particular artistic movement. Your understanding of the word is not just linguistic, but cultural and historical. You can participate in high-level debates about whether 'desdém' is an inherent part of certain social structures. For you, the word is no longer a vocabulary item to be remembered, but a concept to be wielded with elegance and profound understanding of its impact on the reader or listener.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

desdém 30秒で

Desdém is a masculine noun meaning disdain or scorn in Portuguese.
It implies a feeling of superiority and looking down on others or things.
Commonly used with the preposition 'com' to describe how someone speaks or looks.
It is a formal word often found in literature, news, and soap operas.

The Portuguese word desdém is a sophisticated noun that encapsulates a profound sense of superiority and the active dismissal of something or someone. In English, it is most accurately translated as disdain or scorn. Unlike simple dislike or hatred, desdém implies a hierarchical gap; the person feeling it looks down from a perceived height, viewing the object of their emotion as fundamentally unworthy of serious consideration or respect. It is an emotion of the ego, often manifesting in social contexts where status, intellect, or moral standing are at play.

Emotional Nuance: It is less explosive than anger but more biting than indifference. It is the cold shoulder turned into a psychological stance.
Social Context: Frequently used in literature to describe the attitude of aristocrats toward the commoners, or in modern contexts, the attitude of experts toward poorly researched opinions.
Grammatical Role: As a masculine noun (o desdém), it often functions as the object of verbs like 'mostrar' (to show) or 'sentir' (to feel), or is used adverbially with 'com' (with).

Ela observou as roupas baratas da rival com um desdém indisfarçável.

Translation: She observed her rival's cheap clothes with undisguised disdain.

To understand desdém, one must visualize the physical gestures associated with it: the slight upward tilt of the chin, the narrowing of the eyes, and perhaps a faint, cynical smile. It is the 'non-acceptance' of another's value. In the Portuguese-speaking world, this word carries a weight of formality. While you might use 'nojo' (disgust) for something physically repelling, desdém is reserved for the intellectual or social rejection of an entity's worth. It is a word that describes a barrier built by the mind to protect its own sense of importance.

O crítico literário tratou a obra do jovem autor com desdém, chamando-a de amadora.

Historically, desdém has been a staple in Portuguese poetry, especially during the Romantic and Realist periods. It was the weapon of the 'femme fatale' or the 'haughty nobleman'. In modern conversation, it appears in political commentary or discussions about social etiquette. If a politician ignores a journalist's question, the newspaper might report that the politician reacted with desdém. It is a word that communicates a lack of equality; one party is deemed so inferior that they are not even worth the effort of a polite response.

Não há nada mais doloroso do que o desdém de quem um dia amamos.

O seu desdém pela segurança básica resultou em um acidente grave.

Ele falou sobre as tradições locais com um desdém cosmopolita.

Using desdém correctly requires an understanding of its typical verbal pairings. It is most commonly used as the object of a prepositional phrase or as a direct object. Because it is a noun representing an attitude, it usually follows verbs of perception, expression, or internal feeling. Let's explore the most common syntactic patterns that will make your Portuguese sound natural and precise.

Pattern: Verbo + com desdém: This is the most frequent usage. It functions as an adverbial phrase of manner. Verbs like 'olhar' (to look), 'sorrir' (to smile), and 'falar' (to speak) are the primary candidates.
Pattern: Sentir/Mostrar desdém por: When you want to specify the target of the scorn, use the preposition 'por' (for/towards). Example: 'Ele sente desdém pela ignorância'.
Pattern: O desdém de [Alguém]: Used to describe someone's characteristic attitude. 'O desdém do professor era desencorajador' (The teacher's disdain was discouraging).

Ao ouvir a proposta, ele apenas deu um sorriso cheio de desdém.

One of the nuances of desdém is its ability to be qualified by adjectives. You can have 'desdém profundo' (deep disdain), 'desdém frio' (cold disdain), or 'desdém aristocrático' (aristocratic disdain). These modifiers help paint a clearer picture of the social or emotional temperature of the scorn. In academic or formal writing, desdém is often used to criticize a lack of attention to detail or a lack of respect for established norms. For instance, 'O desdém pelas evidências científicas é perigoso'.

Ela não respondeu à pergunta, apenas desviou o olhar com desdém.

In a professional setting, desdém might be used to describe a corporate culture that ignores the needs of its employees. 'A gerência tratou as reclamações com total desdém'. This implies not just that they didn't solve the problems, but that they felt the problems were beneath their notice. This 'looking down' aspect is what differentiates desdém from 'negligência' (negligence). Negligence is a failure to act; disdain is a failure to value.

O desdém dele pela cultura popular era evidente em cada comentário.

Tratar os outros com desdém é um sinal de insegurança disfarçada de superioridade.

A rainha olhou para os rebeldes com um desdém gélido.

While desdém is a literary and somewhat formal word, it is far from being archaic. You will encounter it in several real-world contexts across the Lusophone world. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize when a speaker is trying to convey a specific type of social friction or psychological distance.

News and Media: Journalists often use 'desdém' to describe the attitude of powerful figures towards the public or towards opposition. 'O governo reagiu com desdém às críticas da ONU'.
Telenovelas (Soap Operas): The quintessential 'vilão' (villain) or 'perua' (socialite) in Brazilian or Portuguese soaps will frequently use 'desdém' as their primary mode of interaction with those they consider 'inferior'.
Literature and Poetry: From Machado de Assis to Fernando Pessoa, 'desdém' is a key emotional state explored in Portuguese letters to signify alienation or intellectual elitism.

Nas redes sociais, o desdém tornou-se uma ferramenta de cancelamento.

In a modern social context, you might hear this word in a discussion about 'bullying' or social exclusion. If a teenager feels excluded by a group of peers, they might describe the group's attitude as one of desdém. It suggests that the group doesn't just dislike the individual, but treats them as if they are invisible or irrelevant. This social invisibility is a hallmark of desdém. Furthermore, in the world of art and fashion, 'desdém' is sometimes cultivated as a stylistic choice—the 'bored' or 'scornful' look of a high-fashion model is a visual manifestation of this word.

O palestrante notou o desdém na plateia e decidiu mudar o tom do discurso.

In legal or formal debates, desdém is a serious accusation. To say a judge treated a witness with desdém is to suggest a lack of impartiality. It implies the judge had already decided the witness's testimony was worthless. This illustrates how the word moves from a personal feeling to a professional or ethical failure. Whether it's a look in a crowded subway or a line in a political manifesto, desdém always signals a breakdown in mutual respect and the establishment of a psychological hierarchy.

O desdém pela vida humana é a característica mais terrível das guerras.

Ela suportou o desdém da família com uma dignidade impressionante.

Não confunda silêncio com desdém; às vezes, é apenas timidez.

Even advanced learners of Portuguese can stumble when using desdém. Because it is an abstract noun with specific social connotations, its misuse can lead to confusion or unintended tone. Here are the most frequent pitfalls to avoid.

Mistaking Gender: Many learners assume words ending in 'm' or abstract concepts might be feminine. However, 'desdém' is masculine: o desdém. Never say 'a desdém'.
Confusing with 'Desprezo': While synonyms, 'desprezo' is stronger and more active. 'Desdém' is often more passive or atmospheric. You 'despreza' an enemy, but you look with 'desdém' at a poorly made coffee.
Incorrect Preposition: Learners often use 'com' when they should use 'por' or vice versa. Use 'com' for manner (how you do something) and 'por' for the target (who you feel it for).

Incorrect: Ela olhou para ele com uma desdém.
Correct: Ela olhou para ele com um desdém.

Another common error is overusing the word. Since desdém is a high-register word, using it in a very casual conversation about trivial things might sound slightly dramatic or pretentious. If you're just talking about not liking a movie, 'não gostei' or 'achei chato' is better. Save desdém for when there is a real sense of looking down on something. Also, be careful with the spelling; the accent is mandatory. Without it, the word doesn't exist in Portuguese.

Incorrect: Ele sente desdém de pessoas preguiçosas.
Correct: Ele sente desdém por pessoas preguiçosas.

Finally, don't confuse the noun desdém with the verb desdenhar. While related, they are used differently. You can say 'Ele desdenhou do meu trabalho' (He scorned my work), but you cannot say 'Ele desdém do meu trabalho'. The noun requires a supporting verb like 'tratar com' or 'mostrar'. Mixing up word classes is a frequent hurdle for CEFR A2/B1 students moving into more complex sentence structures.

O desdém não é apenas uma palavra; é uma barreira invisível entre as pessoas.

Muitos confundem desdém com ódio, mas o desdém é muito mais silencioso.

Evite o desdém se você deseja construir pontes de comunicação.

Portuguese is a rich language with many shades of meaning for negative attitudes. While desdém is specific, knowing its neighbors in the semantic field will help you choose the exact right word for the situation. Here is a comparison of desdém with its closest relatives.

Desprezo vs. Desdém: Desprezo is more intense. It implies a total lack of value, often accompanied by active rejection. Desdém is more about the attitude of superiority and the 'look' of scorn.
Menosprezo: This word specifically focuses on the act of undervaluing something. If you 'menospreza' a risk, you think it's smaller than it actually is. 'Desdém' is more emotional/social.
Indiferença: Indifference is a lack of feeling altogether. 'Desdém' is a very specific feeling of looking down on someone. Indifference is neutral; disdain is negative.

O desdém é o veneno da admiração; onde um entra, a outra sai.

In literary contexts, you might also see soberba (haughtiness/pride) or altivez (lofty pride). While these words describe the character of the person, desdém describes the specific way that character is projected onto others. Another interesting alternative is escárnio (mockery/derision). While desdém can be silent, escárnio usually involves vocal ridicule or laughing at someone. Choosing between these words depends on whether the scorn is quiet and internal (desdém) or loud and external (escárnio).

Seu desdém pelas regras acabou por isolá-lo de todo o grupo.

For a more informal setting, you might hear people say someone is 'se achando' (thinking they are all that) or 'nariz empinado' (nose in the air). These phrases capture the essence of desdém without using the formal noun. However, in any written work or serious discussion, desdém remains the gold standard for describing the cold, calculated feeling of superiority. It is a word that carries the weight of history and the precision of a scalpel when describing human relationships and their failures.

Não há desdém que resista a um ato de bondade genuína.

O desdém intelectual é, muitas vezes, uma forma de preguiça mental.

Ela enfrentou o desdém do mundo com um sorriso de quem sabe seu valor.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word is a 'doublet' of 'dedignação' in Portuguese, but 'desdém' became the much more common form due to the influence of French literature and courtly culture in the Middle Ages.

発音ガイド

UK /dɛʒˈdɐ̃j̃/

US /dezˈdẽɪ̃/

The stress is on the last syllable: des-DÉM.

韻が合う語

bem trem além também contém detém convém vém

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the final 'm' as an 'm' sound (it should be a nasal vowel).
Failing to voice the 's' in the first syllable.
Putting the stress on the first syllable.
Ignoring the nasalization entirely.
Pronouncing it like the English 'disdain' instead of the Portuguese phonetics.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts once you know the English 'disdain'.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct accentuation and understanding of prepositions like 'por'.

スピーキング 4/5

The nasal ending 'ém' can be tricky for English speakers.

リスニング 3/5

Easily identified by the stress on the last syllable.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

olhar sentir tratar com por

次に学ぶ

desprezo menosprezar arrogância superioridade humildade

上級

soberba altivez escárnio derisão comiseração

知っておくべき文法

Nasalization of 'em' at the end of words.

desdém, também, armazém.

Masculine nouns ending in 'm'.

o desdém, o jardim, o pudim.

Preposition 'por' following nouns of emotion.

desdém por, amor por, ódio por.

Adverbial phrases of manner starting with 'com'.

com desdém, com pressa, com cuidado.

Accentuation of oxytone words ending in 'em'.

além, porém, desdém.

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レベル別の例文

O menino olhou com desdém.

The boy looked with disdain.

Simple Subject + Verb + Prepositional Phrase.

Ela não gosta de desdém.

She does not like disdain.

Using desdém as a direct object.

O desdém é ruim.

Disdain is bad.

Noun + Verb 'ser' + Adjective.

Ele tem um olhar de desdém.

He has a look of disdain.

Noun phrase with 'de'.

Não mostre desdém, por favor.

Don't show disdain, please.

Imperative negative.

O gato olha com desdém.

The cat looks with disdain.

Animal subject + manner phrase.

Eu sinto o seu desdém.

I feel your disdain.

Possessive adjective 'seu' + noun.

O desdém dele é triste.

His disdain is sad.

Contraction 'de + ele' = 'dele'.

Ela tratou o presente com desdém.

She treated the gift with disdain.

Verb 'tratar' + object + manner phrase.

O desdém por regras é perigoso.

The disdain for rules is dangerous.

Preposition 'por' indicating the target.

Eles falaram com desdém sobre a festa.

They spoke with disdain about the party.

Verb 'falar' + manner + topic preposition 'sobre'.

Não suporto o desdém daquela mulher.

I can't stand that woman's disdain.

Verb 'suportar' + noun phrase.

O professor notou o desdém dos alunos.

The teacher noticed the students' disdain.

Contraction 'de + os' = 'dos'.

Ele sorriu com desdém para a câmera.

He smiled with disdain at the camera.

Verb 'sorrir' + manner + direction 'para'.

O desdém é uma forma de arrogância.

Disdain is a form of arrogance.

Definition sentence using 'ser'.

Ela reagiu ao comentário com desdém.

She reacted to the comment with disdain.

Verb 'reagir' + target 'ao' + manner.

Seu desdém pelas tradições locais foi muito criticado.

His disdain for local traditions was highly criticized.

Passive voice 'foi criticado'.

É difícil ignorar o desdém em sua voz.

It's hard to ignore the disdain in her voice.

Impersonal 'É difícil' + infinitive.

O artista mostrou desdém pelas críticas negativas.

The artist showed disdain for the negative reviews.

Verb 'mostrar' + noun + target 'pelas'.

Ela caminha com um desdém que intimida os outros.

She walks with a disdain that intimidates others.

Relative clause 'que intimida'.

O desdém pela segurança causou o acidente.

The disdain for safety caused the accident.

Causal sentence structure.

Muitas vezes, o desdém esconde uma profunda insegurança.

Often, disdain hides a deep insecurity.

Adverbial phrase 'Muitas vezes'.

Ele tratou as minhas preocupações com um desdém absoluto.

He treated my concerns with absolute disdain.

Adjective 'absoluto' modifying the noun.

Não confunda seu silêncio com desdém.

Don't confuse his silence with disdain.

Verb 'confundir' A with B.

O desdém da elite pela cultura popular é um tema recorrente na literatura.

The elite's disdain for popular culture is a recurring theme in literature.

Complex noun phrase with multiple modifiers.

Ele refutou os argumentos do oponente com um desdém intelectual.

He refuted his opponent's arguments with intellectual disdain.

Specific adjective 'intelectual' refining the type of disdain.

A empresa agiu com desdém em relação às leis trabalhistas.

The company acted with disdain regarding labor laws.

Compound preposition 'em relação a'.

Sentir desdém por quem nos ajuda é um sinal de mau caráter.

Feeling disdain for those who help us is a sign of bad character.

Gerund/Infinitive subject phrase.

O desdém gélido da rainha silenciou a sala inteira.

The queen's icy disdain silenced the entire room.

Metaphorical adjective 'gélido'.

Apesar do desdém inicial, o projeto acabou sendo um sucesso.

Despite the initial disdain, the project ended up being a success.

Concessive phrase 'Apesar de'.

Ela não suportava o desdém com que era tratada no trabalho.

She couldn't stand the disdain with which she was treated at work.

Relative clause with preposition 'com que'.

O desdém pela verdade é o primeiro passo para a tirania.

Disdain for the truth is the first step toward tyranny.

Philosophical/Political statement structure.

A obra de arte foi recebida com desdém pelos críticos mais conservadores.

The artwork was received with disdain by the more conservative critics.

Passive voice with agent 'pelos críticos'.

Há um certo desdém aristocrático em sua maneira de se vestir.

There is a certain aristocratic disdain in the way he dresses.

Indefinite pronoun 'certo' used as a modifier.

O desdém é, muitas vezes, a máscara da inveja.

Disdain is, often, the mask of envy.

Aphoristic structure.

Eles olhavam para as inovações tecnológicas com um desdém nostálgico.

They looked at technological innovations with a nostalgic disdain.

Complex emotional state description.

Não se deve confundir o desdém com a simples falta de interesse.

One should not confuse disdain with simple lack of interest.

Impersonal reflexive 'se deve'.

O desdém pela vida alheia é a marca dos sociopatas.

Disdain for the lives of others is the mark of sociopaths.

Possessive 'alheia' (of others).

Sua voz estava carregada de um desdém que beirava o insulto.

His voice was loaded with a disdain that bordered on insult.

Relative clause 'que beirava'.

O desdém manifestado pelo diretor desmotivou toda a equipe.

The disdain manifested by the director demotivated the entire team.

Past participle used as an adjective 'manifestado'.

O desdém ontológico pela matéria é uma característica de certas correntes filosóficas.

Ontological disdain for matter is a characteristic of certain philosophical currents.

Academic terminology 'ontológico'.

A narrativa é permeada por um desdém sutil, porém devastador, pelas convenções sociais.

The narrative is permeated by a subtle yet devastating disdain for social conventions.

Coordinating conjunctions 'porém' for contrast.

O desdém com que o autor trata seus personagens revela sua visão niilista do mundo.

The disdain with which the author treats his characters reveals his nihilistic view of the world.

Complex relative clause structure.

Nada é mais corrosivo para uma democracia do que o desdém recíproco entre as classes.

Nothing is more corrosive to a democracy than reciprocal disdain between classes.

Comparative 'mais... do que'.

O desdém pela finitude humana impulsiona a busca pela imortalidade tecnológica.

Disdain for human finitude drives the search for technological immortality.

Abstract noun 'finitude'.

Sua erudição era acompanhada de um desdém soberbo por quem não partilhasse de seu conhecimento.

His erudition was accompanied by a superb disdain for those who did not share his knowledge.

Subjunctive mood in relative clause 'partilhasse'.

O desdém estético de Oscar Wilde era uma forma de resistência política.

Oscar Wilde's aesthetic disdain was a form of political resistance.

Historical/Cultural reference.

A transvaloração dos valores proposta por Nietzsche envolve um desdém pela moralidade escrava.

The transvaluation of values proposed by Nietzsche involves a disdain for slave morality.

Highly technical philosophical vocabulary.

よく使う組み合わせ

olhar com desdém

sorrir com desdém

tratar com desdém

desdém profundo

desdém soberbo

mostrar desdém

desdém indisfarçável

sentir desdém por

voto de desdém

desdém gélido

よく使うフレーズ

Com um ar de desdém

— With an air of disdain. Used to describe a person's overall appearance or vibe.

Ele entrou na sala com um ar de desdém.

Fazer pouco caso (com desdém)

— To make light of something scornfully. A common idiomatic way to express disdain.

Ele fez pouco caso das minhas ideias com desdém.

Dar de ombros com desdém

— To shrug with disdain. A physical gesture of dismissal.

Quando perguntei o preço, ele apenas deu de ombros com desdém.

Olhar de cima para baixo

— To look from top to bottom (with disdain). A visual representation of the hierarchy.

A vendedora olhou-me de cima para baixo com desdém.

Um gesto de desdém

— A gesture of disdain. Any physical movement that conveys scorn.

Jogar o papel no chão foi um gesto de desdém.

Palavras de desdém

— Words of disdain. Scornful speech.

Suas palavras de desdém feriram o orgulho do rapaz.

Cercado de desdém

— Surrounded by disdain. Used when an environment is hostile or dismissive.

O novo aluno sentiu-se cercado de desdém.

Muro de desdém

— Wall of disdain. A metaphor for an emotional barrier.

Havia um muro de desdém entre as duas famílias.

Puro desdém

— Pure disdain. Used for emphasis.

O que ele sente por nós é puro desdém.

Esconder o desdém

— To hide one's disdain. Often used when someone is trying to be polite but failing.

Foi impossível esconder o desdém na reunião.

よく混同される語

desdém vs desprezo

Desprezo is more visceral and active; desdém is more about an air of superiority.

desdém vs desdém (verb form)

Don't confuse the noun 'o desdém' with 'ele desdenha' (he scorns).

desdém vs desdém (gender)

Always masculine. Never 'a desdém'.

慣用句と表現

"Olhar de soslaio com desdém"

— To look sideways with disdain. Implies a sneaky but scornful observation.

Ele olhava de soslaio com desdém para a nova decoração.

neutral

"Tratar como lixo (com desdém)"

— To treat like trash. An informal, more aggressive version of disdain.

O chefe trata os estagiários como lixo, com puro desdém.

informal

"Virar as costas com desdém"

— To turn one's back with disdain. A literal and metaphorical act of rejection.

Ela virou as costas com desdém antes que eu terminasse de falar.

neutral

"Fazer cara de desdém"

— To make a face of disdain. Specifically refers to facial expressions.

Não faça essa cara de desdém para a sua avó.

informal

"Lavar as mãos com desdém"

— To wash one's hands with disdain. Implies dismissive avoidance of responsibility.

O político lavou as mãos com desdém diante da crise.

neutral

"Atirar com desdém"

— To throw with disdain. Usually refers to tossing something aside because it is 'worthless'.

Ele atirou a carta no lixo com desdém.

neutral

"Rir por baixo do bigode com desdém"

— To laugh under one's mustache with disdain. To mock someone silently or secretly.

O velho rria por baixo do bigode com desdém da juventude.

informal/idiomatic

"Ter o rei na barriga"

— To have the king in the belly. An idiom for someone who is arrogant and treats others with disdain.

Desde que foi promovido, ele está com o rei na barriga e cheio de desdém.

informal

"Empinar o nariz"

— To stick one's nose up. A visual idiom for acting with disdain.

Ela empinou o nariz e passou por nós com desdém.

informal

"Dar um gelo com desdém"

— To give the cold shoulder with disdain. Intentional social exclusion.

Eles me deram um gelo com desdém na festa.

informal

間違えやすい

desdém vs desprezo

Both mean 'scorn' or 'contempt'.

Desprezo suggests that the object has zero value. Desdém suggests the object is beneath the subject's level of importance.

Ele sente desprezo pelo crime; ele olha com desdém para roupas velhas.

desdém vs indiferença

Both involve ignoring something.

Indiferença is a neutral lack of interest. Desdém is a negative, active feeling of superiority.

A indiferença é não sentir nada; o desdém é sentir que o outro é inferior.

desdém vs arrogância

Both relate to feeling superior.

Arrogância is the personality trait; desdém is the specific feeling or expression of that trait.

Sua arrogância faz com que ele sinta desdém por todos.

desdém vs menosprezo

Both involve undervaluing something.

Menosprezo is often used for undervaluing risks or facts; desdém is used for people and social attitudes.

O menosprezo do perigo levou ao erro; o desdém pelo colega levou ao conflito.

desdém vs escárnio

Both are forms of scorn.

Escárnio involves active, often vocal mockery or laughing at someone. Desdém can be silent and internal.

O escárnio da multidão foi cruel; o desdém da rainha foi silencioso.

文型パターン

[Sujeito] olhou com desdém.

O homem olhou com desdém.

[Sujeito] sente desdém por [Objeto].

Ela sente desdém por mentiras.

É impossível não notar o desdém de [Pessoa].

É impossível não notar o desdém do chefe.

Tratar [alguém] com desdém é [adjetivo].

Tratar os outros com desdém é falta de educação.

O desdém [adjetivo] pela [coisa] causou [consequência].

O desdém absoluto pelas regras causou o problema.

Apesar do seu desdém, [oração contrária].

Apesar do seu desdém, ele aceitou a ajuda.

Havia um tom de desdém que [verbo] a conversa.

Havia um tom de desdém que envenenava a conversa.

O desdém é a máscara que [Pessoa] usa para [ação].

O desdém é a máscara que ele usa para esconder o medo.

語族

名詞

desdenhador (scornful person)

desdém (disdain)

動詞

desdenhar (to disdain/scorn)

形容詞

desdenhoso (disdainful)

desdenhável (scornable)

使い方

frequency

Medium-high in written Portuguese; medium in spoken Portuguese.

よくある間違い

Using 'a desdém' instead of 'o desdém'. → O desdém.
Desdém is a masculine noun. This is a very common error for beginners.
Saying 'desdém de' instead of 'desdém por'. → Sinto desdém por ele.
The correct preposition to indicate the object of the disdain is 'por'.
Pronouncing the final 'm' as a hard 'm' sound. → Nasalized vowel sound.
In Portuguese, a final 'm' indicates nasalization of the preceding vowel, not a labial closure.
Forgetting the accent on the 'é'. → Desdém.
The accent is mandatory because it is an oxytone ending in 'em'.
Confusing 'desdém' (noun) with 'desdenha' (verb). → Ele tem desdém; Ele desdenha.
You cannot use the noun as a verb without a supporting verb like 'ter' or 'mostrar'.

ヒント

Use with 'Olhar'

The most common way to encounter this word is in the phrase 'olhar com desdém'. Mastering this will cover 50% of its usage.

Remember the Gender

Always associate 'desdém' with 'o' (masculine). Think 'O desdém do rei'.

Nasalize It!

Don't say 'dem' like in 'demon'. It's a nasal 'e'. Try to say 'den' but without touching your tongue to the roof of your mouth.

Elevate Your Writing

In essays, swap 'arrogância' for 'desdém' when describing how a character acts toward others. It sounds more literary.

Identify the Scorn

If you see someone in a Portuguese film tilt their chin up and look down their nose, they are showing 'desdém'.

Latin Roots

Remember 'dis-dignari' (not worthy). It helps connect the word to its meaning of seeing something as 'unworthy'.

Look for the 'Por'

When reading, if you see 'desdém por...', the next word is the thing being looked down upon.

Telenovela Key Word

Listen for this word in soap operas. It's a favorite for describing the 'vilã' (villainess).

The 'Damn' Trick

Associate 'Desdém' with saying 'Damn' to something inferior. (Diz-Damn).

Don't Overuse

It's a strong word. Use it for real scorn, not just simple dislike.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Desdém' as 'Diz-Damn!' (Say Damn!). When you feel desdém, you look at something and want to say 'Damn, that's beneath me!'

視覚的連想

Imagine a person wearing a monocle looking down at a dirty shoe with a very high chin. That look is 'desdém'.

Word Web

desprezo arrogância superioridade indiferença soberba olhar sorriso tratar

チャレンジ

Try to use 'desdém' in a sentence today to describe a character in a movie or book you are consuming. For example: 'A vilã agiu com desdém'.

語源

Derived from the Old French word 'desdaing', which comes from the verb 'desdaignier'. This, in turn, is rooted in the Latin prefix 'dis-' (expressing reversal) and 'dignari' (to deem worthy).

元の意味： To consider something unworthy of oneself.

Romance (Latin -> Old French -> Portuguese).

文化的な背景

Be careful when using this word about real people, as it is quite a strong accusation of arrogance.

English speakers often use 'scorn' or 'contempt', but 'disdain' is the closest match in terms of register and feeling.

Machado de Assis frequently uses the word to describe the cynical attitudes of his protagonists. The song 'Desdém' is a classic in some Portuguese fado circles, expressing the pain of being looked down upon by a lover. In the Brazilian telenovela 'Senhora do Destino', the character Nazaré Tedesco often displayed 'desdém' for others.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Social Gatherings

Olhar com desdém
Tratar com desdém
Sentir-se alvo de desdém
Ignorar com desdém

Professional Environment

Desdém pelas regras
Desdém pela opinião alheia
Tratar sugestões com desdém
Mostrar desdém pela hierarquia

Literary Analysis

O desdém do protagonista
Tom de desdém na narrativa
Desdém como marca social
Metáforas de desdém

Politics

Desdém pelas instituições
Reagir com desdém às críticas
Desdém social
Discurso de desdém

Personal Relationships

Desdém amoroso
Olhar de desdém
Falar com desdém
Superar o desdém

会話のきっかけ

"Você já sentiu que alguém te tratou com desdém sem motivo?"

"Por que algumas pessoas sentem tanto desdém pela cultura popular?"

"Como você reage quando alguém olha para você com desdém?"

"Você acha que o desdém é pior do que a raiva em um relacionamento?"

"Qual personagem de filme você acha que melhor representa o desdém?"

日記のテーマ

Descreva uma situação em que você testemunhou um ato de desdém e como isso afetou o ambiente.

Reflita sobre a diferença entre desdém e indiferença na sua própria vida.

Escreva sobre um momento em que você sentiu desdém por algo e depois mudou de ideia.

Como o desdém pode ser usado como uma ferramenta de poder na sociedade moderna?

Crie um diálogo entre duas pessoas onde uma delas é extremamente desdenhosa.

よくある質問

10 問

Desdém significa um sentimento de superioridade em relação a algo ou alguém, considerando-o indigno de respeito ou atenção. É o mesmo que desprezo ou escárnio. Por exemplo, 'Ele olhou com desdém para a comida simples'.

Pronuncia-se 'dez-DÉM'. O 's' tem som de 'z' e o final 'ém' é uma vogal nasal, como na palavra 'também'. A sílaba tônica é a última.

É um substantivo masculino. Portanto, dizemos 'o desdém', 'um desdém' ou 'muito desdém'. Nunca use 'a desdém'.

Embora sejam sinônimos, o desprezo costuma ser um sentimento mais forte e ativo de rejeição total. O desdém está mais ligado a uma atitude de superioridade e a um 'olhar de cima para baixo'.

A forma mais comum é 'com desdém'. Exemplo: 'Ela sorriu com desdém'. Também pode ser usado com a preposição 'por': 'Ele sente desdém por mentirosos'.

Sim, o verbo é 'desdenhar'. Exemplo: 'Não desdenhe do trabalho alheio'. No entanto, o substantivo 'desdém' é muito usado em descrições literárias.

Os principais antônimos são respeito, admiração, apreço e estima. São sentimentos onde você valoriza a outra pessoa ou coisa.

Sim, é considerada uma palavra de registro médio a formal. Em contextos muito informais, as pessoas podem usar expressões como 'fazer pouco caso'.

O plural de desdém é 'desdéns'. Note que a terminação '-em' muda para '-ens', seguindo a regra geral dos substantivos terminados em 'm' em português.

Porque é uma palavra oxítona terminada em 'em'. De acordo com as regras de acentuação do português, palavras oxítonas terminadas em 'em' ou 'ens' com mais de uma sílaba devem ser acentuadas (ex: armazém, parabéns).

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