B1 Verb Moods 14 min read ふつう

第一条件文：否定の条件 (もし～しないなら...)

否定の仮定法第一条件文をマスターすると、「将来の結果」や「計画」をはっきり伝えることができるよ。
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use negative first conditionals to describe future consequences of NOT doing something right now.

  • Use 'don't' or 'doesn't' in the 'if' part: 'If you don't hurry...'
  • Use 'will' or 'won't' in the result part: '...you will be late.'
  • You can replace 'if... not' with 'unless': 'Unless you hurry...'
If + 👤 + 🚫 + Verb (Present), 👤 + 🔮 + Verb (Base)

Overview

スマホの充電が残り2%で充電器を忘れたことに気づいたとき、あの「心臓が止まるかと思った」瞬間、あるよね？「あと5分以内にコンセントを見つけないと、スマホが死んで、この街で永遠に迷子になっちゃう」って自分に言い聞かせるやつ。友よ、それがまさに negative first conditional だ。これはFOMO（取り残される不安）や警告、そして夜中の2時に目が冴えちゃうような「もしうまくいかなかったらどうしよう」というシナリオのための文法なんだ。単に何が起こるかもしれないって話をしてるんじゃない。何かが変わらない限り、何が *起こらない* （*won't* happen）かについて話してるんだ。それは宇宙に対して境界線を引くようなもの――あるいは、勝手にヨーグルトを食べるルームメイトに対してね。
週末の旅行を計画してると想像してみて。10分おきに天気アプリをチェックする。だって、太陽が出なかったら、インスタ映えが台無しになるって分かってるからね。First conditional は、未来に実際に起こり得ることについて話すものだ。これを否定形にすると、論理の「そうでなければ（else）」の部分を見ることになる。もし条件Aが起こらないなら、結果Bが続く、というわけ。人生は避けたいことで溢れてるから、これってすごく実用的なんだ。交渉（「皿洗いしないなら、ピザ代は払わないよ」）、警告（「勉強しないなら、そのZoom試験には受からないよ」）、そして計画（「雨が降らなかったら、ハイキングに行こう」）に使う。すごく能動的で即時性がある感じがするでしょ。宝くじが当たる夢を見てるわけじゃない（それは second conditional の話）。今の状況の現実に対処してるんだ。「行動 vs 結果」のルールと考えてみて。行動しないと、特定の何かが起こる。すべてのアクション映画の文法だね。「武器を捨てないと、撃つぞ！」（願わくば、君の日常がそこまでドラマチックじゃないといいけど。最後のケーキの切れ端を巡って争ってない限りはね）。

How This Grammar Works

論理は2つのパートで構成されてる。Condition（「If」の部分）と Result（「Will」の部分）だ。Negative first conditional では、大抵「no」や「not」を条件側に入れる。これが特定のハードルを作るんだ。そのハードルを飛び越えるのに *失敗した* 場合だけ、結果が起こる。
  • The If-Clause (The Condition): ここでは Present Simple を使う。未来の話をしてるのに、現在形を使うんだ。これがみんながつまずくルールNo.1。don't か doesn't を使うよ。
  • The Main Clause (The Result): ここでは Future Simple (will か won't) を使う。ここに結果（consequence）が存在する。
unless という単語を使って全体をひっくり返すこともできる。unless は if... not の言語的なショートカットみたいなもの。多くの場合、ちょっとスムーズで自然に聞こえる。「もし私を招待しないなら、行かない（If you don't invite me, I won't go）」と言う代わりに、「招待してくれない限り、行かない（Unless you invite me, I won't go）」と言える。スマホのダークモードみたいなもので、単純に見栄えがいい（聞き心地がいい）んだ。

Formation Pattern

1
この文を作るのは、すごく厳密なレシピに従うようなもの。材料を間違えたら、ケーキ（君の文）は膨らまないよ。
2
Using 'If... not':
3
Structure: If + Subject + do/does not + Verb (Base Form) , Subject + will/won't + Verb.
4
Example: If she doesn't finish the report, her boss will be angry.
5
Using 'Unless':
6
Structure: Unless + Subject + Verb (Affirmative) , Subject + will/won't + Verb.
7
Example: Unless she finishes the report, her boss will be angry.
8
Using 'be' verbs:
9
Structure: If + Subject + am/is/are not + Adjective/Noun , Subject + will/won't + Verb.
10
Example: If you aren't ready by 8 PM, the Uber will leave without you.
11
Form | Example | Translation
12
--- | --- | ---
13
If + don't | If I don't drink coffee, I'll be a zombie. | もしコーヒーを飲まないと、私はゾンビになっちゃう。
14
If + doesn't | If it doesn't snow, we won't go skiing. | もし雪が降らないなら、私たちはスキーに行かない。
15
Unless | Unless you hurry, you'll miss the train. | 急がない限り、君は電車に乗り遅れるよ。
16
Won't in result | If you don't call, I won't know you're safe. | もし電話してくれないと、君が無事かどうかわからないよ。

When To Use It

これは教科書だけの話じゃない。世界と関わるときはいつでも使うことになるよ。
  • Negotiations: 「値段を下げてくれないなら、このヴィンテージジャケットは買わないよ」。これはフリーマーケットでのパワープレイだね。
  • Warnings/Threats: 「新作マーベル映画のネタバレをやめないなら、ブロックするよ」。みんな経験あるよね。
  • FOMO (Fear Of Missing Out): 「今チケットを買わないと、売り切れちゃう！」。これが深夜3時にアプリが君にお金を使わせる手口だ。
  • Modern Tech Issues: 「Wi-Fiが良くならない限り、Discord通話に参加できないよ」。
  • Social Planning: 「正午までに彼女から返信がなかったら、彼女抜きでビーチに行こう」。
基本的に、否定的な行動に依存する未来の結果を見ているときはいつでも、このルールが必要になる。ちょっと生意気なことを言うのにも最適。「もっといいアイデアがない限り、今夜は残り物を食べるよ」。（ネタバレ：もっといいアイデアなんて決してないんだけどね）。

Common Mistakes

どんなに優秀な人でも間違いは犯すもの。下手なコードのAIみたいに聞こえないように、避けるべき落とし穴を紹介するよ。
  • The 'Will' in the If-Clause: これが最も一般的な間違い。みんな「If it won't rain...」と言いたがるけど、ダメ！ そこでストップ。if や unless の後は、現在形を使わなきゃいけない。「If it doesn't rain」だ。if を「will禁止ゾーン（will-free zone）」と考えよう。
  • Double Negatives with 'Unless': Unless はすでに「if not」を意味してる。だから、もう一つ don't は必要ないんだ。
  • ✗ Unless you don't study, you'll fail. (これは実際には「勉強したら落ちる」って意味になっちゃう。ややこしい！)
  • ✓ Unless you study, you'll fail.
  • Subject-Verb Agreement: he, she, it には don't じゃなくて doesn't が必要だってことを覚えておいて。「If he don't go」はすごくインフォーマルに聞こえるし、ほとんどの場面で文法的に間違ってる。「If he doesn't go」を使おう。
  • Comma Confusion: 「If」の部分が最初に来るなら、カンマが必要。「Result」の部分が最初なら、カンマはいらない。
  • ✓ If you don't call, I'll worry.
  • ✓ I'll worry if you don't call.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

似たもの同士で混乱しないようにね。
  • Zero Conditional vs. First: Zeroは事実について（もし植物に水をやらないと、枯れる）。Firstは未来の *特定の* 状況について（もし今日 *この* 植物に水をやらないと、枯れてしまう）。Zeroは「常に真実」、Firstは「こうなるかもしれない」。
  • Second Conditional: これは空想の話。「もし働かなくていいなら、世界中を旅するのに」（でも働かなきゃいけない）。First conditional は「もし今日働かないと、給料がもらえない」（これは現実的な懸念だ！）。
  • If not vs. Unless: Unless は通常、結果を変える例外を暗示する。「5時にそこに行くよ、渋滞がひどくない限り（unless the traffic is bad）」。これは計画を阻止しうる唯一のことに焦点を当てている。If... not はもっと広くて、警告でよく使われる。「やめないと警察を呼ぶぞ（If you don't stop...）」の方が、「やめない限り（Unless you stop...）」よりもずっと深刻に聞こえるよね。

Quick FAQ

Q

Can I use might instead of will?

もちろん！ 「If I don't finish this, I might miss the party.（これを終わらせないと、パーティーに行けないかも）」。これは結果について100%確信がないって意味になるだけ。

Q

Is unless always interchangeable with if not?

たいていはね。でも、完全に予期せぬことや純粋にネガティブなことに対して unless を使うと変に聞こえる。通常、条件が「もし～でなければ（except if）」というシナリオの時に unless を使うんだ。

Q

Do native speakers always follow these rules?

ほとんどはね。でも、すごくカジュアルなスラングでは、if の後に will を使うのを耳にするかもしれない。もっとも、その場合は通常「もしあなたが～する意志があるなら」という意味に変わるけど。B1レベルとしては、if の後は「will禁止ゾーン」を守ろう！

Q

Can I use the negative first conditional in a question?

Yes! 「What will happen if you don't pass?（合格しなかったらどうなるの？）」とか「Will you be sad if she doesn't come?（彼女が来なかったら悲しい？）」とかね。if節には don't/doesn't を、質問部分には will を使い続ければOK。

2. First Conditional Negative Structure

Clause Type Subject Negative Auxiliary Verb Form Example
If-Clause (I/You/We/They)
I / You / We / They
don't
Base Form
If they don't arrive...
If-Clause (He/She/It)
He / She / It
doesn't
Base Form
If it doesn't work...
Result Clause (Affirmative)
Any Subject
will
Base Form
...we will leave.
Result Clause (Negative)
Any Subject
won't
Base Form
...she won't be happy.

Common Contractions

Full Form Contraction Usage Note
do not
don't
Standard spoken English
does not
doesn't
Standard spoken English
will not
won't
Standard spoken English
I will
I'll
Very common in results

Meanings

The first conditional negative describes a specific future situation that will happen if a certain condition is not met in the present.

1

Warnings and Threats

Used to warn someone about the negative consequences of their current inaction or behavior.

“If you don't stop that noise, I'll call the police.”

“If she doesn't pay the bill, they will cut off the electricity.”

2

Advice and Suggestions

Giving helpful guidance by showing what might go wrong if a certain path isn't taken.

“If you don't wear a coat, you'll catch a cold.”

“If you don't save some money, you won't be able to travel next year.”

3

Logical Predictions

Stating a likely future outcome based on current evidence of absence or failure.

“If it doesn't rain soon, the plants will die.”

“If the train doesn't arrive on time, I'll be late for the meeting.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 第一条件文：否定の条件 (もし～しないなら...)
条件（If節） 結果節 例 意味
If + Subject + don't/doesn't + Verb
Subject + will + Verb
If I don't leave now, I'll miss my train.
出発しないと電車に乗り遅れるのは確実な結果。
If + Subject + don't/doesn't + Verb
Subject + will + Verb
If she doesn't study, she'll fail the test.
勉強しないと落第する可能性が高い。
If + Subject + don't/doesn't + Verb
Subject + won't + Verb
If they don't help, we won't finish.
彼らの助けなしには終わらせられない。
Subject + will + Verb
if + Subject + don't/doesn't + Verb
You'll get wet if you don't take an umbrella.
傘を持っていかないと濡れる。
Subject + will + Verb
if + Subject + don't/doesn't + Verb
He'll be annoyed if you don't call him back.
彼がイライラするのは、あなたが電話をかけ直さないことに起因する。
If + Subject + don't/doesn't + Verb
Subject + can't/may not + Verb
If you don't hurry, you might not get a seat.
急がないと席が取れない可能性がある。

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Should you not attend the meeting, your absence will be noted.

Should you not attend the meeting, your absence will be noted. (Workplace)

ニュートラル
If you don't attend the meeting, you will miss important info.

If you don't attend the meeting, you will miss important info. (Workplace)

カジュアル
If you don't show up, you'll miss out.

If you don't show up, you'll miss out. (Workplace)

スラング
If you ghost the meeting, you're gonna be lost.

If you ghost the meeting, you're gonna be lost. (Workplace)

仮定法第一条件文：否定条件

仮定法第一条件文：If you don't...

If節の構造

  • `If + Subject + don't / doesn't + Base Verb` 構造
  • `don't` I, you, we, they の場合
  • `doesn't` he, she, it の場合

主節の構造

  • `Subject + will + Base Verb` 構造
  • `will` 未来の助動詞
  • `won't` 未来の否定

よくある使い方

  • 警告 e.g., 'If you don't hurry...'
  • アドバイス e.g., 'If you don't study...'
  • 結果 e.g., '...won't finish'
  • 計画 e.g., 'If it doesn't rain...'

仮定法第一条件文：肯定と否定の比較

肯定条件
`If I study, I'll pass.` 肯定的な結果
`If she calls, I'll answer.` 単純な行動
否定条件
`If I don't study, I'll fail.` 否定的な結果
`If she doesn't call, I'll worry.` 行動の欠如

否定の仮定法第一条件文の作り方

1

否定的な条件を表現したいですか？

YES
ステップ2へ
NO
肯定の仮定法第一条件文を使ってください。
2

条件の主語は何ですか？

YES
I, you, we, they ですか？
NO
he, she, it ですか？
3

`don't` + 動詞の原形を使ってください。例：`If I don't eat...`

YES
続ける
4

`doesn't` + 動詞の原形を使ってください。例：`If he doesn't call...`

YES
続ける
5

起こりうる未来の結果は何ですか？

YES
肯定的な結果ですか？
NO
否定的な結果ですか？
6

`will` + 動詞の原形を使ってください。例：`...I'll be happy.`

YES
文の完成！
7

`won't` + 動詞の原形を使ってください。例：`...I won't be happy.`

YES
文の完成！

否定条件の現代的な文脈

📱

ソーシャルメディア

  • • `If you don't follow, you'll miss updates.`
  • • `If I don't post, my engagement drops.`
🛒

オンラインショッピング

  • • `If you don't confirm, order won't ship.`
  • • `If it doesn't arrive, I'll complain.`
📚

仕事・勉強

  • • `If he doesn't reply, we can't proceed.`
  • • `If we don't collaborate, it'll fail.`
🏠

日常生活

  • • `If I don't hurry, I'll be late.`
  • • `If she doesn't wake up, she'll miss breakfast.`
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レベル別の例文

1

If you don't eat, you are hungry.

Si no comes, tienes hambre.

2

If it doesn't rain, we go out.

Si no llueve, salimos.

3

If you don't sleep, you are tired.

Si no duermes, estás cansado.

4

If she doesn't come, I am sad.

Si ella no viene, estoy triste.

1

If you don't study, you won't pass.

Si no estudias, no aprobarás.

2

If he doesn't call, I will be angry.

Si él no llama, estaré enojado.

3

If we don't hurry, we will miss the bus.

Si no nos apuramos, perderemos el autobús.

4

If they don't help us, we won't finish.

Si no nos ayudan, no terminaremos.

1

If you don't back up your files, you'll lose your work.

Si no haces una copia de seguridad, perderás tu trabajo.

2

Unless she practices more, she won't win the competition.

A menos que practique más, no ganará la competencia.

3

If the weather doesn't improve, the flight will be canceled.

Si el tiempo no mejora, el vuelo será cancelado.

4

If you don't follow the instructions, the machine won't work.

Si no sigues las instrucciones, la máquina no funcionará.

1

If the government doesn't act, inflation will continue to rise.

Si el gobierno no actúa, la inflación seguirá subiendo.

2

Unless we receive the payment by Friday, we'll have to take legal action.

A menos que recibamos el pago para el viernes, tendremos que tomar medidas legales.

3

If you don't address the root cause, the problem will keep recurring.

Si no abordas la causa raíz, el problema seguirá ocurriendo.

4

If she doesn't manage her time better, she'll never meet the deadline.

Si no gestiona mejor su tiempo, nunca cumplirá el plazo.

1

Should the negotiations not succeed, a strike is inevitable.

Si las negociaciones no tienen éxito, una huelga es inevitable.

2

If the CEO doesn't step down, the board will initiate a vote of no confidence.

Si el CEO no dimite, la junta iniciará un voto de censura.

3

Unless there is a significant shift in public opinion, the law won't pass.

A menos que haya un cambio significativo en la opinión pública, la ley no pasará.

4

If we don't mitigate these risks now, the long-term consequences will be dire.

Si no mitigamos estos riesgos ahora, las consecuencias a largo plazo serán nefastas.

1

If the treaty doesn't garner enough support, it will be rendered obsolete.

Si el tratado no cosecha suficiente apoyo, quedará obsoleto.

2

Unless the defendant provides a credible alibi, the jury will likely convict.

A menos que el acusado proporcione una coartada creíble, es probable que el jurado condene.

3

If the ecosystem doesn't regain its equilibrium, several species will face extinction.

Si el ecosistema no recupera su equilibrio, varias especies se enfrentarán a la extinción.

4

If the author doesn't refine the narrative arc, the novel will fail to resonate.

Si el autor no refina el arco narrativo, la novela no logrará resonar.

間違えやすい

First Conditional: Negative Conditions (If you don't...) 対 Unless vs. If Not

Learners often think they are different meanings, but they are usually interchangeable.

First Conditional: Negative Conditions (If you don't...) 対 First vs. Second Conditional

Learners use 'didn't' instead of 'don't' for future possibilities.

First Conditional: Negative Conditions (If you don't...) 対 Will in the If-Clause

Translating directly from languages that use future tense in both parts.

よくある間違い

✗

If you not eat, you hungry.

✓

If you don't eat, you are hungry.

You must use the auxiliary 'don't' for negatives.
✗

If he don't come...

✓

If he doesn't come...

Third person 'he/she/it' requires 'doesn't'.
✗

If you don't to go...

✓

If you don't go...

Don't use 'to' after the auxiliary 'don't'.
✗

If it no rain...

✓

If it doesn't rain...

Negative present requires 'doesn't' for 'it'.
✗

If you won't study, you won't pass.

✓

If you don't study, you won't pass.

We use present simple in the if-clause, even for the future.
✗

If you don't will study...

✓

If you don't study...

Never combine 'don't' and 'will'.
✗

If you don't hurry, you miss the bus.

✓

If you don't hurry, you will miss the bus.

The result clause needs 'will' for a specific future event.
✗

Unless you don't study, you will fail.

✓

Unless you study, you will fail.

'Unless' already means 'if not'. Don't use a second negative.
✗

If you don't would go...

✓

If you don't go...

Mixing first and second conditional forms.
✗

I'll be happy, if you don't leave.

✓

I'll be happy if you don't leave.

No comma is needed when the 'if' clause is second.
✗

If you don't should arrive...

✓

Should you not arrive...

Incorrect word order for formal inversion.

文型パターン

If you don't ___, you will ___.

Unless ___ ___, ___ won't ___.

___ will ___ if ___ doesn't ___.

Should you not ___, please ___.

Real World Usage

Texting Friends constant

If you don't text me back, I'll just go without you!

Work Emails very common

If we don't receive the files by EOD, the launch will be delayed.

Parenting constant

If you don't clean your room, you won't get any screen time.

Travel/Transit common

If you don't have a valid visa, you will be denied entry.

Cooking Recipes occasional

If you don't whisk the eggs enough, the cake won't rise.

Tech Support very common

If the light doesn't turn green, the device won't charge.

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💡

「if」の節に「will」は使わないで！

「if」の節（条件の部分）では、必ず現在形（否定形は don't/doesn't）を使うんだ。「will」は結果の節のためだけにある特別な言葉だよ。これが仮定法第一条件文のゴールデンルール！ "If she doesn't call, I'll worry."
⚠️

主語と動詞の一致に注意！

「I, you, we, they」には「don't」を、「he, she, it」には「doesn't」を使うのを忘れないでね。ここを間違えると、少しだけ英語がぎこちなく聞こえちゃうかも。 "If he doesn't come, I'll be sad."
🎯

強調したい時は節の順番を入れ替えよう

結果の節から始めることもできるんだ（例: 「You'll get wet if you don't...」）。こうすると、結果に重点を置いたり、文の流れを自然にしたりできるよ。「if」が真ん中にある時は、カンマはいらないからね！ "You'll miss the train if you don't leave now."
🌍

丁寧な警告が大切

特にビジネスシーンやあまり知らない相手に否定的な条件で警告する時は、「I'm afraid」や「just so you know」などを加えると、より丁寧な印象になるよ。例えば、「念のためですが、提出しないとレビューされません。」という時に使うんだ。 "Just so you know, if you don't submit it, it won't be reviewed."
💡

「Unless」は「If Not」のことだよ！

「unless」は「if not」と同じ意味で使える便利な言葉だよ！これを使うと、文をより簡潔に、そしてエレガントに表現できるんだ。自信がついてきたら、ぜひ使ってみてね！ "Unless you study, you'll fail."

Smart Tips

Start with the 'If' clause to make the warning more direct and urgent.

You will get hurt if you don't be careful. → If you aren't careful, you'll get hurt.

Use contractions like 'don't', 'doesn't', and 'won't' in speech. Full forms sound very robotic.

If you do not go, I will not go. → If you don't go, I won't go.

Mentally replace it with 'If... not' to check if the sentence makes sense.

Unless you hurry, you'll be late. → If you don't hurry, you'll be late.

Read the sentence aloud. If you naturally pause after the first part, you probably need a comma.

If you don't call me I will cry. → If you don't call me, I will cry.

発音

/ɪf ju ˈdoʊnt ˈhʌri/

Contraction Stress

In negative conditionals, the 'don't' or 'won't' is often stressed to emphasize the condition.

Rising-Falling

If you don't go (rising), I'll be sad (falling).

The rising tone on the if-clause signals that the sentence is not finished.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Present in the 'If', Future in the 'Then'. Don't put 'will' in the 'if' den!

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant 'STOP' sign on a road. If you don't stop (Present), you will crash (Future). The sign is the 'If' clause.

Rhyme

If you don't, you won't. If he doesn't, he won't.

Story

A student named Tom forgot his umbrella. He thought, 'If I don't take it, I'll get wet.' He didn't take it, and he got soaked. Now he always remembers the rule.

Word Web

UnlessConsequenceWarningConditionFutureResultPossibility

チャレンジ

Write 3 things that will happen if you don't drink water today.

文化メモ

British speakers often use 'Unless' more frequently in formal correspondence than American speakers.

In casual US speech, 'If... don't' is preferred over 'Unless' for immediate threats or warnings.

Often uses 'or else' as a shortened negative condition in very informal speech.

The 'if' construction comes from Old English 'gif', used to set conditions.

会話のきっかけ

“

What will happen if you don't finish your work today?

“

If you don't travel this summer, what will you do instead?

“

What will happen to the environment if we don't reduce plastic use?

“

Unless you get a promotion this year, will you look for a new job?

日記のテーマ

Write about your weekend plans. What will you do if the weather doesn't stay sunny?
Describe a goal you have. What will happen if you don't achieve it by next year?
Discuss a global issue. What will happen if world leaders don't take action soon?
Write a letter to your younger self. What warnings would you give using negative conditionals?

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

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Test Yourself

文を完成させる正しい形を選んでね。

If he ___ (not study), he'll fail the exam.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: doesn't study
「he」の場合、現在形否定では「doesn't」を使うよ。
文中の間違いを見つけて直してね。 Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

If you won't bring an umbrella, you'll get wet.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: If you don't bring an umbrella, you'll get wet.
「if」の節では「won't」ではなく、現在形否定の「don't bring」を使うんだ。
適切な文を選んでね。 選択問題

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: If she doesn't call, I'll worry.
「she」の場合、現在形否定では「doesn't」を使うよ。
正しい文になるように、単語を並べ替えてね。 Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: If the train doesn't arrive, we won't be on time
「if」の節が最初にきて「doesn't arrive」、その後に結果節が「won't be」と続くんだ。

Score: /4

練習問題

8 exercises
Fill in the correct form of the verb.

If it ___ (not/rain) tomorrow, we will go to the beach.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: doesn't rain
We use 'doesn't' for 'it' in the if-clause.
Choose the correct sentence. 選択問題

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: If you don't study, you'll fail.
This correctly uses present simple in the if-clause and future in the result.
Find the error in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

If she don't call me, I will be very sad.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: don't
It should be 'doesn't' because the subject is 'she'.
Rewrite the sentence using 'Unless'. Sentence Transformation

If you don't pay now, you won't get the ticket.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Unless you pay now, you won't get the ticket.
'Unless' replaces 'If... not'.
Is the following rule true or false? True False Rule

You can use 'will' in the 'if' part of a first conditional sentence.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
The 'if' clause uses the present simple, not 'will'.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Are you coming to the party? B: If my car ___ (not/start), I ___ (stay) home.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: doesn't start / will stay
Standard first conditional negative structure.
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Building

won't / if / you / don't / pass / study / you

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are correct.
The order of clauses can be swapped.
Match the condition to the result. Match Pairs

1. If you don't sleep... / 2. If you don't eat... / 3. If you don't study...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Tired, 2-Hungry, 3-Fail
Logical consequences.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
文を完成させる正しい形を選んでね。 穴埋め問題

If they ___ (not finish) their homework, they won't go out.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: don't finish
文中の間違いを見つけて直してね。 Error Correction

He will be angry if you won't tell him the truth.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He will be angry if you don't tell him the truth.
適切な文を選んでね。 選択問題

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: If it doesn't rain, we'll have a picnic.
英語に翻訳してね。 翻訳

Translate into English: 'Si no estudiamos, no aprobaremos el examen.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["If we don't study, we won't pass the exam.","If we don't study, we'll fail the exam."]
文が完全で正しくなるように、単語を並べ替えてね。 Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: If we don't have cash, we won't pay by meal
「if」の節の主語と正しい否定形の助動詞を合わせてね。 Match Pairs

Match the subjects with the correct negative form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
かっこの中の動詞を正しい形にして文を完成させてね。 穴埋め問題

The company ___ (not succeed) if they don't innovate.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: won't succeed
文法上の誤りを見つけて訂正してね。 Error Correction

If Sarah won't come, I will be sad.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: If Sarah doesn't come, I will be sad.
適切な文を選んでね。 選択問題

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: If you don't listen, you'll miss the instructions.
自然な英語に翻訳してね。 翻訳

Translate into English: 'Si no la invitas, ella no irá.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["If you don't invite her, she won't go."]
単語を並べ替えて、意味のある仮定法第一条件文を作ってね。 Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: If he doesn't pay the bill, he'll lose power
文の最初の部分と、それに続く適切な否定の仮定法第一条件文の終わりを合わせてね。 Match Pairs

Match the sentence beginnings to their endings:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched

Score: /12

よくある質問 (8)

No. You should only use `won't` in the result clause. The if-clause must use `don't` or `doesn't`.

Yes, `unless` often sounds slightly more formal or emphatic, especially in writing.

In casual writing, people might not notice. However, in formal writing, it is a punctuation error if the `if` clause comes first.

Yes! Use `might not` if you are less certain about the result. 'If you don't study, you might not pass.'

This is a rule in English for all time and conditional clauses (using if, when, before, after). The condition is treated as a present fact.

Usually no. `Unless` means `if not`, so `unless you don't` means `if not you don't`, which is a confusing double negative.

In some very informal dialects or songs, you might hear it, but in standard English and for exams, it is always `doesn't`.

No. The first conditional is only for possible future events. For the past, you need the third conditional.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

Si no + [present indicative]

English requires 'don't/doesn't', Spanish only needs 'no'.

French high

Si + [present] ... [future]

Negation in French is 'ne...pas', which is two parts, unlike English 'don't'.

German moderate

Wenn... nicht

Word order: English is SVO, German if-clauses are SOV.

Japanese low

~nakereba

Japanese uses verb suffixes; English uses separate auxiliary words.

Arabic partial

Idha lam / In lam

Arabic has different words for 'if' depending on how likely the event is.

Chinese moderate

Rúguǒ... bù...

Chinese has no verb conjugation or auxiliaries like 'do'.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
第一条件: Unless = If Not

Learn These First

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