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B1 verb/noun #11 よく出る 12分で読める

smoking

上位11

At the A1 level, 'smoking' is a simple word that you will mostly see on signs. It means using a cigarette. You will see 'No Smoking' in many places like schools, hospitals, and buses. It is important to know that 'smoking' is something people do with their mouths and cigarettes. You might hear someone say, 'He is smoking,' which means he has a cigarette in his hand right now. You don't need to know the difficult health words yet, just that it is an action and often not allowed in public places. The word is easy to remember because it looks like 'smoke,' which is the grey cloud you see when something burns. At this level, focus on recognizing the 'No Smoking' sign and understanding that it is a habit some people have. You might also learn that smoking is not healthy. Simple sentences like 'Smoking is bad' or 'My dad is smoking' are perfect for this level. Remember to spell it with one 'm' and no 'e' at the end. It is a very common word in everyday English, so you will see it often in your first few months of learning. Just think of it as the action of using tobacco.

For A2 learners, 'smoking' becomes more than just a sign. You start to use it to describe habits and rules. You can say 'I don't like smoking' or 'Is smoking allowed here?' You should understand that 'smoking' is a gerund, which means it acts like a noun. You can use it as the subject of a sentence: 'Smoking is expensive.' You also learn the difference between 'smoke' (the noun) and 'smoking' (the action). For example, 'There is a lot of smoke in the kitchen' versus 'He is smoking in the kitchen.' At this level, you might talk about your family's habits or the rules in your country. You will encounter the word in simple reading texts about health or lifestyle. You should also be able to recognize related words like 'smoker' (a person who smokes) and 'non-smoker.' It's also a good time to learn that 'smoking' can be used for food, like 'smoking meat,' though the cigarette meaning is much more common. Practice using it with verbs like 'start' or 'stop,' such as 'He started smoking when he was twenty.' This helps you build longer and more interesting sentences about people's lives and choices.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'smoking' in various grammatical structures and contexts. You need to understand the difference between 'stop smoking' (to quit the habit) and 'stop to smoke' (to pause an action to have a cigarette). This is a very important distinction for clear communication. You will also encounter 'smoking' in more complex discussions about public health, laws, and social issues. You might have to express your opinion on 'smoking bans' in public places or discuss the 'smoking age' in different countries. You should be familiar with common collocations like 'heavy smoking,' 'quit smoking,' and 'second-hand smoking.' You might also see it used as an adjective in phrases like 'a smoking gun' or 'a smoking chimney.' At this level, you are expected to understand the nuances of the word in different settings, such as a medical check-up where a doctor asks about your 'smoking history.' You can also use it to describe culinary processes in more detail, like 'smoking salmon for flavor.' Your vocabulary is expanding, and you can now use 'smoking' to participate in debates about health and society, using more varied sentence structures and more precise vocabulary to support your points.

By the B2 level, you can use 'smoking' to discuss complex societal trends and scientific findings. You understand the nuances of 'passive smoking' and the legal implications of 'smoking legislation.' You can read articles about the economic impact of 'smoking-related illnesses' on the healthcare system. Your use of the word is more sophisticated; you might use it in the passive voice, such as 'Smoking is being discouraged by the new tax laws.' You are also aware of the metaphorical uses of the word, such as 'smoking' meaning very fast or very attractive, and you know when it is appropriate to use these slang terms. You can compare 'smoking' with 'vaping' and discuss the pros and cons of each in a structured argument. In writing, you can use 'smoking' as part of complex noun phrases like 'the prevalence of smoking among teenagers.' You are also familiar with the historical context of smoking in culture and how the perception of the word has changed over time. You can handle nuanced conversations where 'smoking' is a central theme, such as discussing the ethics of tobacco advertising or the effectiveness of 'smoking cessation programs.' Your ability to use the word accurately in both formal and informal registers is well-developed.

At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the word 'smoking' and its various connotations. You can use it in academic or professional discussions about 'epidemiology' and 'public health policy.' You are familiar with the subtle differences between 'smoking,' 'tobacco use,' and 'nicotine delivery systems.' You can analyze the rhetorical use of 'smoking' in literature or political speeches, understanding how it can be used to symbolize rebellion, decay, or sophistication. You are comfortable with idiomatic expressions like 'smoking the peace pipe' or 'where there's smoke, there's fire,' and you can use them naturally in conversation. You can write detailed reports on the 'sociological aspects of smoking' or the 'biochemical effects of smoking on the human body.' Your vocabulary is rich enough to use synonyms and related terms to avoid repetition and to provide precise meaning. You understand the legal intricacies of 'smoking bans' and can debate the balance between individual freedom and public health. In a culinary context, you can discuss the technical aspects of 'cold smoking' versus 'hot smoking.' Your command of the word is near-native, allowing you to use it with precision, flair, and an awareness of its cultural and historical weight.

At the C2 level, your mastery of 'smoking' is complete. You can use the word with total precision in any context, from a highly technical medical paper to a nuanced piece of literary criticism. You understand the most obscure uses and historical etymologies of the word. You can discuss the 'semiotics of smoking' in 20th-century art or the 'geopolitical impact of the smoking industry' on global trade. You are aware of the most subtle connotations and can use the word to evoke specific moods or themes in your writing. You can effortlessly switch between the literal, metaphorical, and slang uses of the word, always choosing the one that fits the register perfectly. You can engage in high-level debates about 'smoking cessation ethics' or the 'psychology of smoking addiction' with the fluency and depth of a native speaker. Your understanding of 'smoking' extends to its role in various subcultures and its representation in different media across the globe. You can use the word to construct complex, multi-layered arguments and to express fine shades of meaning. Whether you are discussing the 'smoking ruins' of a historical site or the 'smoking-hot' performance of a virtuoso, your use of the word is always accurate, natural, and sophisticated.

練習する例文メモとヒント

smoking 30秒で

Smoking is the act of inhaling and exhaling smoke from burning tobacco, often through cigarettes or pipes.
It is also a culinary method used to flavor and preserve food like meat and fish.
The word can describe objects emitting smoke, like a smoking chimney or a smoking gun.
In informal English, 'smoking' can mean someone is very attractive or something is moving very fast.

The term smoking primarily refers to the physiological and physical act of inhaling and exhaling the smoke produced by burning a substance, most commonly tobacco in the form of cigarettes, cigars, or pipes. Beyond the literal physical action, the word encompasses a vast array of social, medical, and legal contexts. In a modern setting, the definition has expanded in common parlance to include 'vaping' or the use of electronic cigarettes, although purists and medical professionals often distinguish between the combustion of organic material and the aerosolization of liquids. When people use the word 'smoking,' they are often referring to a long-term habit or addiction, a specific social activity, or a prohibited behavior in public spaces. The word functions as both a present participle of the verb 'smoke' and a gerund (a noun formed from a verb), allowing it to serve as the subject of sentences or a description of an ongoing action.

The Physical Process: Smoking involves the combustion of tobacco leaves, which releases nicotine and thousands of other chemicals. These are drawn into the lungs and absorbed into the bloodstream, providing a rapid neurological effect that users often describe as relaxing or stimulating.

Public health campaigns have successfully reduced the prevalence of smoking in many developed nations over the last few decades.

Historically, smoking was viewed as a sophisticated social grace, often depicted in mid-20th-century cinema as a sign of maturity or rebellion. However, as medical evidence regarding the links between smoking and lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory issues became undeniable, the linguistic weight of the word shifted. Today, 'smoking' often carries a negative connotation in health-conscious circles, associated with risk, pollution, and addiction. Despite this, it remains a significant global phenomenon, with millions of people engaging in the practice daily. The word is also used metaphorically to describe something that is extremely hot or moving at a very high speed, as in 'smoking tires' or 'a smoking hot performance,' though these uses are secondary to the primary definition related to tobacco.

Social Context: In many cultures, smoking serves as a 'social lubricant,' providing a reason for people to gather outside buildings or in designated areas, often leading to the term 'smoking break' or 'smoke break.'

He stepped outside for a quick smoking session before the meeting started.

Legal Restrictions: Many countries have implemented strict 'no smoking' laws in indoor public places, workplaces, and public transport to protect non-smokers from second-hand smoke.

The 'No Smoking' sign was clearly visible at the entrance of the hospital.

I noticed the oven was smoking, so I quickly turned it off and opened the windows.

The chef is smoking the salmon to give it a rich, woody flavor for the appetizer.

Using 'smoking' correctly requires an understanding of its dual nature as a verb form and a noun. As a gerund, 'smoking' acts as a noun and can be the subject or object of a sentence. For example, 'Smoking is prohibited' uses the word as a subject. As a present participle, it describes an ongoing action: 'She is smoking a cigarette.' It is crucial to distinguish between these uses to ensure grammatical accuracy, especially when paired with auxiliary verbs or prepositions. Furthermore, 'smoking' is frequently used as an adjective to describe objects that are emitting smoke, such as 'a smoking gun' or 'a smoking chimney.' This versatility makes it a high-frequency word in both descriptive and prescriptive English.

As a Gerund (Noun): When 'smoking' is used as a noun, it often refers to the habit or the general concept. Example: 'Smoking has been linked to various health problems.'

Quit smoking is the best thing you can do for your long-term health.

When used as a verb in the continuous tense, it must be preceded by a form of the verb 'to be' (am, is, are, was, were). For instance, 'They were smoking outside when the fire alarm went off.' In this context, it describes a specific action happening at a specific time. It can also be used in the perfect continuous tense: 'He has been smoking for twenty years,' which emphasizes the duration of the habit. Additionally, 'smoking' appears in many compound nouns and fixed expressions, such as 'smoking room,' 'smoking jacket,' and 'smoking area.' Understanding these combinations is essential for achieving a B1 level of fluency, as they appear frequently in everyday signs and instructions.

As an Adjective: It can describe something actively producing smoke. Example: 'The smoking remains of the campfire were still warm the next morning.'

The detective found a smoking gun on the floor, which was the key piece of evidence.

In Prohibition: The word is most commonly seen on signs. 'No Smoking' is a standard imperative phrase found globally.

Is smoking allowed on the balcony of this hotel room?

The engine started smoking after the car hit the pothole, indicating a serious leak.

We spent the afternoon smoking meat for the upcoming family barbecue.

In daily life, 'smoking' is a word you will encounter in a variety of environments, from the mundane to the high-stakes. One of the most common places is in public transportation and hospitality. Airports, train stations, and hotels are filled with signs either prohibiting or directing people to 'smoking areas.' You will hear flight attendants announce that 'smoking is strictly prohibited on this flight, including the use of electronic cigarettes.' In a medical context, doctors and nurses frequently ask patients about their 'smoking history' or 'smoking status' during check-ups. This is a standard part of health assessments because of the significant impact tobacco use has on overall wellness. In these settings, the word is used clinically and neutrally, focusing on the data of the habit rather than moral judgment.

Public Announcements: You will often hear: 'This is a non-smoking building. Please extinguish all smoking materials before entering.'

The captain reminded the passengers that smoking in the lavatories is a federal offense.

In the workplace, the word often comes up during breaks. Colleagues might ask, 'Are you going for a smoking break?' or 'Where is the designated smoking zone?' In news reports and documentaries, 'smoking' is a frequent topic in discussions about public policy, tax increases on tobacco, or new health regulations. You might hear a news anchor say, 'The government is considering a total ban on smoking in outdoor dining areas.' In the culinary world, 'smoking' is a popular buzzword in restaurants and cooking shows. A waiter might describe a dish as having a 'subtle smoking aroma' or explain that the brisket underwent 'twelve hours of slow smoking.' This culinary usage is increasingly common as traditional food preservation techniques enjoy a modern resurgence in gourmet cooking.

Medical Consultations: Doctors often use the phrase 'smoking cessation' when discussing plans to help a patient quit the habit.

The doctor asked if I had any history of smoking or exposure to second-hand smoke.

Culinary Arts: In BBQ culture, 'smoking' is a specific method of cooking meat at low temperatures for long periods.

The restaurant is famous for its smoking techniques, especially with their ribs and brisket.

I could see a smoking volcano in the distance during our flight over the island.

The comedian's set was smoking—the audience couldn't stop laughing for an hour.

One of the most frequent errors learners make with 'smoking' involves the distinction between the gerund and the infinitive after certain verbs. The most classic example is the difference between 'stop smoking' and 'stop to smoke.' If you say 'I stopped smoking,' it means you have quit the habit entirely. If you say 'I stopped to smoke,' it means you paused whatever you were doing (like walking or driving) specifically so that you could have a cigarette. Confusing these two can lead to significant misunderstandings about your habits and intentions. Another common mistake is using 'smoking' as a countable noun. You cannot say 'I had three smokings today'; instead, you should say 'I smoked three cigarettes' or 'I had three smoke breaks.'

Gerund vs. Infinitive: Mistake: 'I stopped to smoke last year.' (This implies you paused to smoke once). Correct: 'I stopped smoking last year.' (This implies you quit the habit).

Many people try to quit smoking several times before they are finally successful.

Learners also sometimes confuse 'smoking' with 'smoke.' 'Smoke' is the physical substance (the visible vapor), while 'smoking' is the act or the habit. You would say 'The room was full of smoke,' not 'The room was full of smoking.' Conversely, you would say 'Smoking is bad for you,' not 'Smoke is bad for you' (unless you are referring specifically to inhaling the substance in a general sense, but even then, 'smoking' is the standard term for the habit). Additionally, be careful with the adjective 'smoky.' A room is 'smoky' if it contains smoke, but a person is 'smoking' if they are currently engaged in the act. Misusing these can make your descriptions sound awkward or incorrect to native speakers.

Countability Errors: Mistake: 'He does many smokings.' Correct: 'He smokes a lot' or 'He has a heavy smoking habit.'

The smoking ban in restaurants has been very popular with the general public.

Spelling Mistakes: Learners often forget to drop the 'e' from 'smoke' before adding '-ing.' Incorrect: 'smokeing.' Correct: 'smoking.'

I noticed the toaster was smoking, so I pulled the plug immediately.

The smoking section of the cafe is located on the outdoor terrace.

She is smoking a pipe, which is quite unusual for someone her age.

While 'smoking' is the most common term, there are several alternatives depending on the context and the level of formality required. In medical or formal contexts, 'tobacco use' or 'nicotine consumption' are often preferred as they are more precise and encompass all forms of the habit. For the physical act of inhaling, words like 'puffing' or 'dragging' are used, though these are more informal and specific to the action of taking a single breath of smoke. If you are talking about the modern alternative, 'vaping' is the correct term for using electronic cigarettes. Understanding these nuances helps in choosing the right word for the right situation, whether you are writing a formal report or having a casual conversation with friends.

Smoking vs. Vaping: Smoking involves burning tobacco, while vaping involves heating a liquid to create an aerosol. Vaping is often seen as a less harmful alternative, though it is still regulated.

The transition from smoking to vaping has become a common trend among young adults.

In the culinary world, alternatives to 'smoking' might include 'curing,' 'grilling,' or 'barbecuing,' though 'smoking' specifically refers to the use of wood smoke for flavor. In a figurative sense, if you want to describe something that is very hot, you might use 'scorching,' 'sizzling,' or 'burning.' If you are describing someone very attractive, slang alternatives include 'hot,' 'stunning,' or 'gorgeous.' In a professional setting, instead of saying 'smoking is bad,' you might say 'the health risks associated with tobacco consumption are significant.' This level of variety allows for more expressive and accurate communication across different domains of English.

Formal Alternatives: 'Tobacco consumption' or 'nicotine dependence' are used in scientific and policy-making contexts to provide a more clinical tone.

Heavy smoking can lead to a significant decrease in lung capacity over time.

Descriptive Alternatives: Instead of 'smoking,' you might use 'smoldering' to describe something that is burning slowly without a flame.

The smoking embers of the fire provided a faint light in the dark campsite.

He was smoking a cigar to celebrate the birth of his first grandchild.

The smoking area was crowded with people during the concert intermission.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

ニュートラル

カジュアル

Child friendly

スラング

豆知識

The word 'smoking' is used in several European languages (like French, German, and Italian) to refer to a tuxedo or dinner jacket, derived from the English 'smoking jacket.'

発音ガイド

UK /ˈsməʊ.kɪŋ/

US /ˈsmoʊ.kɪŋ/

The stress is on the first syllable: SMOK-ing.

韻が合う語

poking joking soaking croaking choking stroking evoking provoking

よくある間違い

Pronouncing it as 'smoke-ing' with a hard 'e' sound.
Adding an extra 'm' sound in the middle.
Failing to use the nasal 'ng' sound at the end.
Using a short 'o' sound like in 'hot'.
Over-emphasizing the 'g' at the end.

難易度

読解 2/5

The word is very common and easy to recognize in text.

ライティング 3/5

Requires care with spelling (dropping the 'e') and gerund use.

スピーキング 3/5

Important to master the 'stop smoking' vs 'stop to smoke' distinction.

リスニング 2/5

Clearly pronounced and usually easy to hear in context.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

smoke fire bad habit health

次に学ぶ

cessation nicotine prohibited regulation addiction

上級

carcinogenic epidemiology legislation pulmonary combustion

知っておくべき文法

Gerunds as Subjects

Smoking is not allowed here.

Gerunds after Prepositions

He is thinking about quitting smoking.

Verbs followed by Gerund or Infinitive (Change in Meaning)

I stopped smoking (quit) vs. I stopped to smoke (paused).

Present Participle in Continuous Tenses

They are smoking outside.

Adjectival use of Present Participles

The smoking engine was a cause for concern.

レベル別の例文

No smoking in the classroom.

Dilarang merokok di dalam kelas.

This is a common sign using 'No' + gerund.

He is smoking a cigarette.

Dia sedang merokok sebatang rokok.

Present continuous tense: is + smoking.

Smoking is bad for you.

Merokok itu buruk bagimu.

Smoking is the subject of the sentence.

My grandfather likes smoking.

Kakek saya suka merokok.

Smoking is the object of the verb 'likes'.

Is smoking allowed here?

Apakah merokok diperbolehkan di sini?

Question form with 'smoking' as the subject.

I see a smoking chimney.

Saya melihat cerobong asap yang berasap.

Smoking is used as an adjective here.

Stop smoking now.

Berhenti merokok sekarang.

Imperative sentence with 'smoking' as the object.

Smoking costs a lot of money.

Merokok menghabiskan banyak uang.

Smoking is the subject of the sentence.

She started smoking when she was a teenager.

Dia mulai merokok ketika dia masih remaja.

Past simple with 'smoking' as the gerund object.

The doctor told him to quit smoking.

Dokter menyuruhnya untuk berhenti merokok.

Infinitive 'to quit' followed by the gerund 'smoking'.

There is a smoking area outside the building.

Ada area merokok di luar gedung.

Compound noun: smoking + area.

I hate the smell of smoking.

Saya benci bau rokok.

Smoking refers to the activity and its result.

Smoking is not permitted on the bus.

Merokok tidak diizinkan di dalam bus.

Passive voice: is not permitted.

He was smoking while he waited for the train.

Dia sedang merokok sambil menunggu kereta.

Past continuous tense: was + smoking.

Smoking can cause many diseases.

Merokok dapat menyebabkan banyak penyakit.

Modal verb 'can' followed by the main verb 'cause'.

They are smoking meat for the party.

Mereka sedang mengasapi daging untuk pesta.

Smoking used in a culinary context.

He stopped smoking because it was too expensive.

Dia berhenti merokok karena itu terlalu mahal.

Stop + gerund means to cease a habit.

We stopped to smoke a cigarette during the long drive.

Kami berhenti untuk merokok sebatang rokok selama perjalanan jauh.

Stop + infinitive means to pause an action to do something else.

The smoking ban has improved the air quality in bars.

Larangan merokok telah meningkatkan kualitas udara di bar.

Compound noun: smoking + ban.

Passive smoking can be just as harmful as active smoking.

Merokok pasif bisa sama berbahayanya dengan merokok aktif.

Comparison using 'just as... as'.

I found a smoking gun in the drawer, which proved his guilt.

Saya menemukan bukti kuat di laci, yang membuktikan kesalahannya.

Idiomatic use of 'smoking gun'.

The chef is smoking the fish using applewood chips.

Koki sedang mengasapi ikan menggunakan serpihan kayu apel.

Culinary use with a specific method.

Smoking is strictly prohibited in all areas of the airport.

Merokok sangat dilarang di semua area bandara.

Adverb 'strictly' modifying the participle 'prohibited'.

She has been smoking for over ten years now.

Dia telah merokok selama lebih dari sepuluh tahun sekarang.

Present perfect continuous: has been + smoking.

The government is introducing new smoking cessation programs.

Pemerintah memperkenalkan program berhenti merokok yang baru.

Formal term: smoking cessation.

Despite the risks, smoking remains a common habit among adults.

Meskipun ada risiko, merokok tetap menjadi kebiasaan umum di kalangan orang dewasa.

Concessive clause starting with 'Despite'.

The smoking ruins of the building were a sad sight to behold.

Reruntuhan bangunan yang masih berasap itu adalah pemandangan yang menyedihkan.

Adjectival use describing the state of an object.

He was smoking-hot in that new suit he wore to the gala.

Dia terlihat sangat tampan dalam setelan baru yang dia kenakan ke gala.

Slang/informal use meaning very attractive.

The engine was smoking heavily before it finally broke down.

Mesin itu mengeluarkan asap tebal sebelum akhirnya rusak.

Adverb 'heavily' modifying the verb 'smoking'.

The prevalence of smoking has declined significantly in the last decade.

Prevalensi merokok telah menurun secara signifikan dalam dekade terakhir.

Formal subject: The prevalence of smoking.

Smoking is often used as a coping mechanism for stress.

Merokok sering digunakan sebagai mekanisme koping untuk stres.

Passive voice with 'often' as an adverb of frequency.

The smoking jacket was once a staple of a gentleman's wardrobe.

Jaket merokok dulunya adalah bagian utama dari lemari pakaian seorang pria.

Historical compound noun.

The epidemiological data suggests a direct link between smoking and various cancers.

Data epidemiologis menunjukkan hubungan langsung antara merokok dan berbagai jenis kanker.

Academic context with technical vocabulary.

The legislation aims to curb smoking by increasing the excise tax on tobacco products.

Undang-undang tersebut bertujuan untuk menekan kebiasaan merokok dengan menaikkan pajak cukai pada produk tembakau.

Formal policy-oriented sentence structure.

His performance was smoking, leaving the critics speechless with its intensity.

Penampilannya luar biasa, membuat para kritikus terdiam dengan intensitasnya.

Metaphorical use in a professional critique.

The smoking embers of the debate continued to glow long after the meeting ended.

Sisa-sisa perdebatan yang masih terasa terus membara lama setelah pertemuan berakhir.

Highly metaphorical and descriptive language.

The intricate process of smoking meat requires precise temperature control.

Proses pengasapan daging yang rumit membutuhkan kontrol suhu yang tepat.

Technical culinary description.

The cultural semiotics of smoking have shifted from glamour to stigma.

Semiotika budaya merokok telah bergeser dari kemewahan menjadi stigma.

Advanced sociological analysis.

The car was smoking down the track, breaking the previous speed record.

Mobil itu melaju sangat cepat di lintasan, memecahkan rekor kecepatan sebelumnya.

Informal use for speed in a descriptive context.

The smoking room was filled with the heavy scent of expensive cigars.

Ruang merokok itu dipenuhi dengan aroma berat cerutu mahal.

Descriptive noun phrase.

The visceral imagery of smoking in the novel serves as a metaphor for the protagonist's internal decay.

Citra merokok yang mendalam dalam novel tersebut berfungsi sebagai metafora untuk pembusukan internal sang protagonis.

Literary analysis using complex abstract concepts.

The smoking gun of the scandal was a leaked email that implicated the entire board.

Bukti tak terbantahkan dari skandal itu adalah email yang bocor yang melibatkan seluruh dewan.

Idiomatic use in a high-stakes corporate context.

The artisan's technique for smoking the leather gave it a unique, weathered patina.

Teknik pengrajin untuk mengasapi kulit memberinya patina yang unik dan tampak usang.

Niche technical use in craftsmanship.

The geopolitical ramifications of global smoking trends are a subject of intense academic scrutiny.

Ramifikasi geopolitik dari tren merokok global adalah subjek pengawasan akademik yang intens.

High-level academic discourse.

The smoking remains of the treaty lay on the table, a testament to the failed negotiations.

Sisa-sisa perjanjian yang hancur tergeletak di meja, sebuah bukti dari negosiasi yang gagal.

Poetic and metaphorical use in a political context.

The sheer audacity of the smoking-hot performance redefined the genre for a new generation.

Keberanian murni dari penampilan yang luar biasa itu mendefinisikan ulang genre untuk generasi baru.

Sophisticated use of slang in a formal critique.

The smoking volcano loomed over the city, a constant reminder of the precariousness of life.

Gunung berapi yang berasap itu membayangi kota, pengingat konstan akan ketidakpastian hidup.

Evocative descriptive language.

The smoking section of the law was its most controversial and hotly debated component.

Bagian dari undang-undang yang berkaitan dengan merokok adalah komponennya yang paling kontroversial dan diperdebatkan dengan sengit.

Metonymic use in a legal context.

よく使う組み合わせ

quit smoking

heavy smoking

smoking ban

smoking area

passive smoking

smoking cessation

smoking gun

no smoking

smoking habit

smoking room

よく使うフレーズ

Smoking is prohibited

Smoking or non-smoking?

Go for a smoke

Chain smoking

Second-hand smoking

Smoking materials

Smoking status

Smoking hot

Smoking section

Stop smoking

よく混同される語

smoking vs smoke

Smoke is the noun (the vapor); smoking is the action or habit.

smoking vs smoky

Smoky is an adjective describing a place filled with smoke; smoking describes the act.

smoking vs steaming

Steaming involves water vapor; smoking involves combustion or burning.

慣用句と表現

"Smoking gun"

A piece of evidence that proves someone's guilt beyond any doubt.

The detective finally found the smoking gun that linked the suspect to the crime.

neutral/formal

"Where there's smoke, there's fire"

If there are rumors or signs of something bad, there is usually some truth to it.

I don't know if the rumors are true, but where there's smoke, there's fire.

informal

"Smoke and mirrors"

Something that is meant to confuse or deceive people.

The politician's speech was all smoke and mirrors to hide the real issues.

neutral

"Go up in smoke"

To be completely destroyed or to fail suddenly.

All our plans for the summer went up in smoke when the flight was cancelled.

informal

"Put that in your pipe and smoke it"

A rude way to tell someone to accept a fact they don't like.

I'm the new manager now, so put that in your pipe and smoke it!

informal/rude

"Smoke someone out"

To force someone to come out of a hiding place or to reveal their true intentions.

The police used tear gas to smoke the suspect out of the building.

neutral

"Blow smoke"

To say things that are not true in order to impress or deceive someone.

He's just blowing smoke; he doesn't actually have the money he claims.

informal

"Smoke the peace pipe"

To come to an agreement or to end a disagreement.

After months of fighting, the two companies finally decided to smoke the peace pipe.

neutral

"Holy smoke!"

An expression of surprise or excitement.

Holy smoke! Did you see how fast that car was going?

informal

"In a cloud of smoke"

To disappear or leave very quickly.

The magician vanished in a cloud of smoke at the end of the show.

descriptive

間違えやすい

smoking vs Smoker

Both relate to the habit.

Smoking is the action; a smoker is the person who performs the action.

He is a heavy smoker who enjoys smoking cigars.

smoking vs Smokeless

Both relate to tobacco.

Smoking involves smoke; smokeless tobacco (like snuff) does not produce smoke.

He switched to smokeless tobacco to avoid smoking.

smoking vs Fuming

Both involve vapor/gas.

Smoking is from burning; fuming is often from chemicals or used metaphorically for being very angry.

The chemicals were fuming, and the boss was fuming with anger.

smoking vs Vaping

Both involve inhaling vapor.

Smoking uses combustion (fire); vaping uses an electronic heating element.

Vaping is often used as a tool to quit smoking.

smoking vs Curing

Both are food preservation methods.

Smoking uses smoke for flavor/preservation; curing often uses salt or chemicals.

The meat was first cured and then underwent a long smoking process.

文型パターン

No [Gerund]

No smoking.

[Subject] is [Gerund]

Smoking is bad.

[Subject] stopped [Gerund]

He stopped smoking.

[Subject] stopped to [Verb]

He stopped to smoke.

Despite [Noun], [Subject] [Verb]

Despite the ban, smoking continues.

The [Noun] of [Gerund] is [Adjective]

The prevalence of smoking is declining.

[Metaphorical Subject] was smoking

The performance was smoking.

[Subject] has been [Gerund] for [Time]

She has been smoking for years.

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

frequency

Very high in daily conversation, medical contexts, and legal signs.

よくある間違い

I stopped to smoke last year. → I stopped smoking last year.
You want to say you quit the habit, so you must use the gerund 'smoking'.
The room was full of smoking. → The room was full of smoke.
Use the noun 'smoke' for the physical substance, not the gerund 'smoking'.
He is smokeing outside. → He is smoking outside.
You must drop the 'e' from 'smoke' when adding the '-ing' suffix.
I had three smokings today. → I smoked three cigarettes today.
'Smoking' is an uncountable noun when referring to the habit.
Smoking is not allow here. → Smoking is not allowed here.
You need the past participle 'allowed' to form the passive voice correctly.

ヒント

Gerund Mastery

Use 'smoking' as the subject of your sentence to sound more fluent. For example, 'Smoking has declined' sounds better than 'People smoke less.'

Collocation Power

Learn 'smoking ban' and 'smoking area' together, as they are the most common phrases you will see on signs.

The Silent E

Always remember to drop the 'e' in 'smoke' before adding 'ing'. This is one of the most common mistakes for learners.

The 'Stop' Rule

Remember: 'Stop + ing' = quit. 'Stop + to' = pause. This is a classic exam question and vital for clear speaking.

Respect the Signs

In many countries, 'No Smoking' signs are strictly enforced. Always look for a 'smoking area' if you need to smoke.

Clinical Terms

If you are at a doctor's office, use 'smoking history' or 'quit smoking' to describe your habits accurately.

Foodie Talk

When talking about BBQ, 'smoking' is a specific technique. Don't confuse it with 'grilling' which is faster and uses direct heat.

Informal Use

Only use 'smoking hot' with people you know well. It can be seen as too casual or even disrespectful in the wrong context.

Airport Alerts

Listen for the word 'prohibited' after 'smoking' in airport announcements. It's a key word for following rules.

Idiom Usage

Using 'smoking gun' in an essay about a mystery or a scandal can add a lot of flavor to your writing.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of the 'S' as the shape of a wisp of smoke rising from a cigarette. The 'M' is for the Mouth that inhales it.

視覚的連想

Imagine a red circle with a diagonal line over a cigarette—the universal 'No Smoking' sign.

Word Web

Cigarette Lungs Fire Ashtray Nicotine Health Ban Vapor

チャレンジ

Try to use the word 'smoking' in three different ways: as a noun, as a verb, and as an adjective, all in one paragraph.

語源

Derived from the Old English 'smocian,' which means to emit smoke or to subject to smoke. It has roots in Proto-Germanic '*smukōną.'

元の意味： The primary meaning has always been related to the visible vapor produced by burning, but the specific sense of inhaling tobacco smoke developed in the 16th century.

Germanic

文化的な背景

Be aware that smoking is a sensitive topic for many, especially regarding health and addiction. Avoid being judgmental in casual conversation.

In most English-speaking countries, smoking is heavily regulated and often banned in indoor public spaces.

The 'smoking gun' in the Watergate scandal. Sherlock Holmes and his famous pipe smoking. The 'Smoking Man' character from The X-Files.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Public Health

Smoking causes cancer
Quit smoking today
The dangers of smoking
Smoking cessation aids

Travel & Hospitality

Non-smoking room
Designated smoking area
Smoking is prohibited on board
Smoking materials extinguished

Culinary

Smoking meat for flavor
Cold smoking technique
Smoking with wood chips
A subtle smoking aroma

Crime & Law

A smoking gun
Smoking out the suspect
Smoking ban legislation
Illegal smoking in public

Informal Conversation

Go for a smoking break
He's smoking hot
The car was smoking
Stop blowing smoke

会話のきっかけ

"What are the smoking laws like in your home country compared to here?"

"Do you think smoking should be banned in all outdoor public spaces?"

"Have you ever tried smoking meat or fish at home for a barbecue?"

"Why do you think smoking was so popular in old movies from the 1950s?"

"Do you believe that vaping is a good way for people to quit smoking?"

日記のテーマ

Describe the cultural attitude towards smoking in your community and how it has changed over time.

Write about a time you saw a 'No Smoking' sign being ignored and how people reacted to it.

Discuss the impact of smoking on public health and whether governments should do more to stop it.

If you were a chef, what kind of food would you enjoy smoking and why?

Reflect on the idiom 'where there's smoke, there's fire' and a situation where it proved to be true.

よくある質問

10 問

It can be both! As a gerund, it acts as a noun (e.g., 'Smoking is bad'). As a present participle, it acts as a verb (e.g., 'He is smoking').

'Stop smoking' means you quit the habit. 'Stop to smoke' means you paused your current activity to have a cigarette.

Yes, but be careful. In slang, it means they are very attractive. In a literal sense, it means they are currently smoking a cigarette.

You drop the 'e' and add '-ing': S-M-O-K-I-N-G. Never write 'smokeing'.

Generally, no. You don't say 'two smokings.' You say 'two cigarettes' or 'two instances of smoking meat' in a culinary context.

It is an idiom for a piece of evidence that clearly proves someone is guilty of a crime or a mistake.

Yes, it is a very common culinary term for flavoring or preserving meat and fish using smoke from wood.

It is when you breathe in the smoke from someone else's cigarette, even if you are not smoking yourself.

Yes, it is considered a B1 level word because it is essential for everyday communication, signs, and basic health discussions.

Depending on the context, you could use 'puffing,' 'tobacco use,' 'vaping,' or 'inhaling.'