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B2 adjective 7分で読める

عقب افتاده

aghab-oftade
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解説 عقب افتاده in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'aghab-oftāde' often, but you might hear it in very simple contexts. Think of it as 'not finished' or 'late.' For example, if you have homework you didn't do, you might say it is 'aghab-oftāde.' It's a compound word: 'aghab' means 'back' and 'oftāde' means 'fallen.' So, something that 'fell back.' It's like being at the back of a line. In A1, we focus on simple things like 'my work is late.' Just remember it describes things that are behind schedule. Don't use it for yourself if you are late for a meeting; just use it for things like 'my homework' or 'my tasks.' It is a bit of a long word, so practice saying 'aghab' then 'oftāde' together. You will see it mostly in work or school settings. It's a useful word to recognize when a teacher or boss is talking about things that need to be completed. At this level, just knowing it means 'overdue' is enough. You can use it with the verb 'ast' (is) or 'hastand' (are). For example: 'Kār-e man aghab-oftāde ast' (My work is overdue).
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'aghab-oftāde' to describe specific situations like overdue bills or missed lessons. You are learning more compound adjectives now, and this is a great example. It follows the noun it describes. For instance, 'Pūl-e aghab-oftāde' (overdue money/rent). You might also hear it when people talk about 'underdeveloped' places, but keep your usage to 'late tasks' for now to be safe. It's important to notice the 'e' sound (Ezafe) that connects the noun to this word. For example, 'dars-e aghab-oftāde' (the missed lesson). You can also use it in the present perfect: 'Man az dars aghab oftāde-am' (I have fallen behind in the lesson). This shows you are gaining control over more complex verb structures. Remember, in A2, we want to expand our ability to describe our daily life and work. Being able to tell someone that you have 'backlog' work using 'kārhā-ye aghab-oftāde' will make your Persian sound much more natural and professional. Avoid using it as a noun at this stage; keep it as a descriptor for nouns like work, money, or lessons.
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At the B1 level, you should understand the broader social and economic meanings of 'aghab-oftāde.' You will encounter it in news articles and social discussions. It's used to describe 'backward' ideas or 'underdeveloped' regions. At this level, you should also be aware of the sensitivity of the word. While it's fine for economics, using it for people can be very rude. You can start using it to express opinions, such as 'In ravesh aghab-oftāde ast' (This method is backward/outdated). This allows you to participate in debates about technology or social trends. You should also recognize the difference between 'aghab-oftāde' and 'aghab-mānde.' They are very similar, but 'aghab-oftāde' often implies a process of falling behind, while 'aghab-mānde' focuses on the state of being behind. In B1, you are expected to handle more abstract concepts, and 'backwardness' is a common theme in Iranian social critique. You might read about 'manāteq-e aghab-oftāde' (underdeveloped areas) in a newspaper. Try to use it in your writing to describe things that aren't modern or up-to-date. It's a powerful adjective for moving beyond simple descriptions into more evaluative language.
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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'aghab-oftāde' in formal writing and understanding its nuances in political and historical contexts. You should know that in professional economics, 'towse'e-nayāfte' is often preferred, but 'aghab-oftāde' remains common in journalism. You can use it to describe complex situations like 'backlog of judicial cases' (parvandehā-ye aghab-oftāde-ye qazāyi) or 'backward cultural norms.' You should also be able to use the verb form 'aghab oftādan' in various tenses to describe the process of losing ground in a competition or development. For example, 'Sāzmān-e mā az raqibān aghab oftāde ast' (Our organization has fallen behind the competitors). This level requires you to understand the emotional weight of the word; it can carry a sense of frustration or criticism. You should also be able to distinguish it from 'dir-kard,' which is more technical for financial delays. Using 'aghab-oftāde' correctly in a business or academic setting shows a high level of linguistic maturity and an understanding of Persian social registers. You can also explore its use in literature where it might represent a character's feeling of being out of sync with their time.
At the C1 level, you are exploring the deeper philosophical and socio-historical implications of the term 'aghab-oftāde.' You should be familiar with how this concept has been debated by Iranian intellectuals throughout the 20th century, particularly in discussions about modernity (tajaddod) and tradition (sonnat). You can use the term to analyze structural issues in society or to critique historical stagnation. For example, you might discuss 'elal-e aghab-oftādegi-ye dowlathā' (the reasons for the backwardness of governments). Note the transition from the adjective to the noun 'aghab-oftādegi' (backwardness/underdevelopment). At this level, you should also be sensitive to the shifting linguistic landscape where certain terms become taboo or are replaced by more clinical ones. You can use 'aghab-oftāde' in a nuanced way to describe a 'lag' between different parts of a system, such as a cultural lag (aghab-oftādegi-ye farhangi) where technology advances faster than social norms. Your mastery should include using the word in rhetorical contexts to emphasize the severity of a delay or the antiquity of an idea, while always maintaining the appropriate level of formality and social awareness.
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At the C2 level, you have a complete grasp of 'aghab-oftāde' and its place within the vast web of Persian synonyms and related concepts. You can use it with precision in high-level academic discourse, legal documents, or literary analysis. You understand its etymological roots and can compare its usage with classical Persian terms for 'delay' or 'stagnation.' You are fully aware of the sociolinguistic evolution of the term and can navigate the most sensitive conversations without causing unintended offense. You can use it metaphorically in poetry or sophisticated prose to describe a soul or a movement that is 'out of time.' Furthermore, you can analyze how the term is used in state propaganda versus opposition rhetoric to frame progress and failure. Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker, reflecting an understanding of when the word adds descriptive power and when it should be replaced by more specific terms like 'atar' (delay in mysticism) or 'rokūd' (economic stagnation). You can also discuss the 'aghab-oftādegi-ye tārikhi' (historical backwardness) of certain structures with a deep understanding of the historical and political theories that underpin such descriptions.
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練習する 例文 メモとヒント

عقب افتاده 30秒で

  • Means 'fallen behind' or 'underdeveloped'.
  • Used for overdue bills, late work, or backward ideas.
  • Comes from 'aghab' (back) and 'oftāde' (fallen).
  • Can be offensive if used to describe a person's intelligence.

The Persian term عقب افتاده (aghab-oftāde) is a compound adjective that literally translates to "fallen behind." In its most neutral and frequent linguistic application, it describes something that has not kept pace with a standard rate of progress, development, or time. Linguistically, it is composed of two parts: aghab (meaning back or behind) and oftāde (the past participle of oftādan, meaning to fall). When these are combined, they create a powerful descriptor for various states of lag.

Economic and Developmental Context
In formal discussions regarding sociology or economics, this term is used to describe regions or nations that lack modern infrastructure or industrialization. For example, کشورهای عقب‌افتاده (underdeveloped countries) was a common phrase, though modern Persian often prefers more diplomatic terms like در حال توسعه (developing).

بسیاری از روستاهای این منطقه به دلیل نبود جاده، عقب افتاده باقی مانده‌اند.
Many villages in this region have remained underdeveloped due to the lack of roads.

Temporal Lag and Tasks
On a personal or professional level, the word describes tasks, payments, or projects that are overdue. If you have a backlog of work, you refer to them as کارهای عقب‌افتاده. This usage is entirely neutral and very common in office environments.

من باید امشب تمام کارهای عقب افتاده هفته پیش را تمام کنم.
I must finish all the overdue tasks from last week tonight.

Furthermore, the word can describe cultural or social attitudes that are perceived as archaic or outdated. If someone holds views that are no longer compatible with modern human rights or scientific understanding, a critic might describe those views as تفکرات عقب‌افتاده (backward thoughts). This usage is common in political and social debates within the Iranian diaspora and local media to criticize traditionalism or lack of progress.

Grammatical Nuance
As an adjective, it follows the noun it modifies and is connected via the Ezafe construction (e.g., kār-e aghab-oftāde). It can also function as a predicative adjective after the verb budan (to be).

حقوق من سه ماه عقب افتاده است.
My salary is three months overdue.

Using عقب افتاده correctly requires understanding whether you are referring to time, development, or metaphorical progress. Because it is a compound adjective, its placement is usually quite stable in Persian syntax. It typically appears after the noun with an Ezafe (the short 'e' sound) or at the end of a sentence as a complement to a linking verb.

Usage 1: Describing Overdue Items
This is the safest and most common way to use the word. Use it for bills, homework, or projects.

قسط‌های عقب افتاده بانکی باعث جریمه شدند.
The overdue bank installments resulted in a fine.

Usage 2: Describing Intellectual or Social Backwardness
When used to describe ideas or societies, it implies a lack of modernity. It is often used in political discourse to criticize opponents.

این قوانین برای دنیای امروز بسیار عقب افتاده هستند.
These laws are very backward for today's world.

Usage 3: Describing Academic or Physical Lag
In a school context, it might describe a student who has missed lessons, though teachers often prefer more encouraging phrasing.

او به دلیل بیماری، از درس‌هایش عقب افتاده است.
He has fallen behind in his lessons due to illness.

When writing, ensure you use the Z-nim-fāsele (zero-width non-joiner) between aghab and oftāde in formal Persian (عقب‌افتاده) to keep the compound word visually unified. In less formal contexts, a space is acceptable but less professional. Using this word in the plural (عقب‌افتادگان) usually refers to "those who have been left behind" in a social or mystical sense, often found in classical or revolutionary literature.

The context in which you encounter عقب افتاده significantly changes its weight and meaning. In everyday life in Iran, Tajikistan, or Afghanistan, the word appears in three primary domains: administrative, social-critical, and unfortunately, as a pejorative.

1. The Workplace and Administration
If you work in an Iranian office, you will hear this constantly regarding paperwork. "Kārhā-ye aghab-oftāde" is the standard term for a backlog. Managers will use it in meetings to motivate staff to catch up on pending tasks.

ما باید تا پایان ماه تمام پرونده‌های عقب افتاده را بررسی کنیم.
We must review all the pending/overdue files by the end of the month.

2. News and Socio-Economic Analysis
On news channels like IRINN or BBC Persian, analysts use this word to describe economic stagnation. They might discuss manāteq-e aghab-oftāde (underdeveloped regions) when talking about poverty or lack of infrastructure in border provinces.

سرمایه‌گذاری در مناطق عقب افتاده اولویت دولت است.
Investing in underdeveloped regions is the government's priority.

3. Intellectual Debates
In the world of Persian Twitter (X) or Telegram, you'll see this word used as a weapon against ideas. Secularists might call certain religious interpretations عقب‌افتاده, while traditionalists might use it to describe the moral "decay" they perceive in Westernized lifestyles.

Finally, you will hear it in the bank or at a landlord's office. Ejāre-ye aghab-oftāde (overdue rent) is a phrase no tenant wants to hear. It is a very practical, everyday word that transitions seamlessly from high-level economic theory to the stress of monthly bills.

The most significant mistake English speakers make with عقب افتاده involves its social sensitivity and confusing it with simple lateness. Because the English word "backward" can be used for many things, learners often over-apply the Persian equivalent.

Mistake 1: The Pejorative Trap
The absolute biggest error is using aghab-oftāde to describe someone with a mental disability in a clinical or polite setting. In English, "backward" is dated but sometimes used; in Persian, aghab-oftāde-ye zehni was once clinical but is now widely considered a slur. Never use it to describe a person unless you intend to be deeply insulting.
Mistake 2: Confusing 'Late' with 'Overdue'
If you are 10 minutes late for a meeting, do NOT say "Man aghab-oftāde am." This sounds like you are saying "I am underdeveloped." Instead, use dir kardan (to be late). Aghab-oftāde is for progress and schedules, not for individual punctuality.

Wrong: من برای کلاس عقب افتاده بودم (I was 'underdeveloped' for class).
Correct: من برای کلاس دیر کردم (I was late for class).

Mistake 3: Misplacing the Stress
In compound adjectives like this, the stress usually falls on the last syllable of the first word or the end of the whole compound. Learners often put too much emphasis on aghab, making it sound like two separate words rather than one concept.

Another mistake is using it for physical direction. If you want to say something is physically located behind another thing, use posht-e or dar aghab-e. Aghab-oftāde is strictly about the state of having fallen behind in a metaphorical or temporal race.

Persian has a rich vocabulary for describing progress and its lack. Depending on how formal or polite you want to be, you should choose your words carefully. عقب افتاده is just one point on a spectrum.

عقب‌مانده (Aghab-mānde)
Very similar to aghab-oftāde. While oftāde implies the act of falling, mānde implies the state of remaining behind. They are often interchangeable, but aghab-mānde is slightly more common in socio-political texts.
توسعه‌نیافته (Towse'e-nayāfte)
The formal, academic, and politically correct term for "underdeveloped." If you are writing a report or a university essay, this is the word you should use instead of aghab-oftāde.

کشورهای توسعه‌نیافته با مشکلات اقتصادی زیادی روبرو هستند.
Underdeveloped countries face many economic problems.

بدوی (Badavi)
Meaning "primitive." This is used for ancient tribes or very early stages of human history. It describes a lack of civilization rather than just a lag in progress.
دیرکرد (Dir-kard)
Specifically refers to a delay. If a payment is late, you might talk about the jaryame-ye dirkard (late fee). This is more precise for financial and administrative contexts than the broader aghab-oftāde.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

While 'aghab' is Arabic in origin, the compound structure is purely Persian. It mirrors the English 'backlog' or 'backward' in its metaphorical construction.

発音ガイド

UK /æɢæb oftɒːde/
US /æɡæb oftɑːde/
The primary stress is on the last syllable of the compound: 'de'. A secondary stress is on 'ghab'.
韻が合う語
Amāde (ready) Estāde (standing) Sāde (simple) Piāde (on foot) Azāde (free) Farstāde (sent) Goshāde (open) Nehāde (placed)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'gh' as a simple 'g'.
  • Merging the two words without the slight pause of the Z-nim-fāsele.
  • Mispronouncing the final 'e' as an 'ei' sound.
  • Over-stressing the first syllable 'A'.
  • Forgetting the long 'ā' in the middle of 'oftāde'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to read but requires understanding compound structures.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct use of nim-fāsele and Ezafe.

スピーキング 4/5

Must be careful with social sensitivity and pronunciation of 'gh'.

リスニング 3/5

Common in news and work contexts.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

عقب (back) افتادن (to fall) کار (work) کشور (country)

次に学ぶ

پیشرفته (advanced) توسعه (development) تأخیر (delay) جبران کردن (to compensate)

上級

توسعه‌نیافتگی (underdevelopment) دیالکتیک (dialectic) سنت‌گرایی (traditionalism)

知っておくべき文法

Compound Adjectives

عقب + افتاده = عقب‌افتاده

Ezafe Construction

کشورِ عقب‌افتاده

Present Perfect with Compound Verbs

من عقب افتاده‌ام

Past Participle as Adjective

oftāde (fallen)

Zero-Width Non-Joiner (Nim-fāsele)

عقب‌افتاده vs عقب افتاده

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レベル別の例文

1

کار من عقب افتاده است.

My work is overdue.

Subject + Noun + Adjective + Verb 'to be'.

2

او از بقیه عقب افتاده.

He has fallen behind the others.

Using 'aghab oftāde' as a past participle in a sentence.

3

مشق شب من عقب افتاده.

My homework is overdue.

Simple possessive construction with 'man'.

4

قطار عقب افتاده؟

Is the train delayed?

Informal usage; 'dir kard' is better but this is heard.

5

این یک کار عقب افتاده است.

This is an overdue task.

Indefinite noun + adjective.

6

نامه‌های عقب افتاده را بخوان.

Read the overdue letters.

Imperative verb with a plural noun.

7

پول من عقب افتاده.

My money (payment) is overdue.

Subject + possessive + adjective.

8

چرا عقب افتاده‌ای؟

Why have you fallen behind?

Interrogative with second person singular.

1

من باید درس‌های عقب افتاده را بخوانم.

I must study the missed lessons.

Modal 'bāyad' + plural noun + adjective.

2

اجاره خانه او دو ماه عقب افتاده است.

His house rent is two months overdue.

Compound subject with Ezafe.

3

کارهای عقب افتاده زیادی در دفتر دارم.

I have many overdue tasks in the office.

Quantifier 'ziyādi' modifying the noun-adjective phrase.

4

او به خاطر مریضی از کلاس عقب افتاده.

He fell behind the class due to illness.

Preposition 'be khāter-e' (due to).

5

قسط‌های عقب افتاده را پرداخت کن.

Pay the overdue installments.

Direct object with 'rā'.

6

این پروژه کمی عقب افتاده است.

This project is a bit behind schedule.

Adverb 'kami' (a bit) modifying the adjective.

7

آیا شما کارهای عقب افتاده دارید؟

Do you have any overdue tasks?

Formal 'shomā' with plural verb 'dārid'.

8

او همیشه در کارهایش عقب افتاده است.

He is always behind in his work.

Adverb of frequency 'hamishe'.

1

بسیاری از روستاهای دورافتاده، عقب افتاده هستند.

Many remote villages are underdeveloped.

Plural subject with 'hastand'.

2

تفکرات او درباره زنان بسیار عقب افتاده است.

His thoughts about women are very backward.

Abstract noun as subject.

3

دولت باید به مناطق عقب افتاده کمک کند.

The government must help underdeveloped regions.

Compound verb 'komak kardan'.

4

تکنولوژی این کارخانه عقب افتاده است.

This factory's technology is outdated.

Possessive Ezafe.

5

ما نباید از کاروان علم عقب افتاده باشیم.

We should not be lagging behind the caravan of science.

Subjunctive mood with 'nabāyad'.

6

حقوق‌های عقب افتاده کارگران پرداخت نشد.

The workers' overdue wages were not paid.

Passive voice 'pardākht nashod'.

7

او سعی می‌کند کارهای عقب افتاده‌اش را جبران کند.

He is trying to make up for his overdue tasks.

Infinitive 'jobrān kardan'.

8

این یک سیستم اداری عقب افتاده است.

This is a backward administrative system.

Attributive adjective usage.

1

کشورهای عقب افتاده با بحران‌های زیادی روبرو هستند.

Underdeveloped countries face many crises.

Complex sentence with 'ru-be-ru budan'.

2

عقب افتاده نگه داشتن یک ملت، جنایت است.

Keeping a nation underdeveloped is a crime.

Gerund construction 'negeh dāshtan'.

3

او به دلیل تنبلی از رقبایش عقب افتاده است.

He has fallen behind his rivals due to laziness.

Present perfect tense.

4

این قوانین عقب افتاده مانع پیشرفت جامعه هستند.

These backward laws are an obstacle to society's progress.

Noun 'māne'' (obstacle).

5

لیست کارهای عقب افتاده من هر روز طولانی‌تر می‌شود.

My to-do list of overdue tasks gets longer every day.

Comparative adjective 'tulāni-tar'.

6

سیاست‌های اقتصادی غلط باعث عقب افتاده ماندن کشور شد.

Wrong economic policies caused the country to remain underdeveloped.

Causative structure with 'bā'es shodan'.

7

او در درک مسائل سیاسی کمی عقب افتاده است.

He is a bit behind in understanding political issues.

Prepositional phrase 'dar dark-e'.

8

باید فکری به حال این پروژه‌های عقب افتاده کرد.

Something must be done about these overdue projects.

Impersonal construction 'bāyad fekri kard'.

1

عقب افتاده نامیدن دیگران بدون شناخت، اخلاقی نیست.

Calling others 'backward' without knowledge is not ethical.

Infinitive phrase as subject.

2

شکاف بین نسل‌ها باعث شده والدین عقب افتاده به نظر برسند.

The generation gap has made parents seem backward.

Causative 'bā'es shode' + subjunctive.

3

صنعت خودروی ما نسبت به استانداردهای جهانی عقب افتاده است.

Our car industry is lagging behind global standards.

Comparison 'nesbat be'.

4

این کتاب به بررسی ریشه‌های عقب افتاده ماندن شرق می‌پردازد.

This book examines the roots of the East remaining underdeveloped.

Verb 'be ... pardākhtan' (to deal with).

5

او از نظر ذهنی عقب افتاده نیست، فقط متفاوت فکر می‌کند.

He is not mentally underdeveloped; he just thinks differently.

Adverbial phrase 'az nazar-e zehni'.

6

ساختارهای عقب افتاده سیاسی مانع از تحقق دموکراسی می‌شوند.

Backward political structures prevent the realization of democracy.

Verb 'māne' shodan' + 'az'.

7

در این مقاله، مفهوم عقب افتاده بودن به نقد کشیده شده است.

In this article, the concept of being underdeveloped is criticized.

Passive idiom 'be naqd keshide shodan'.

8

توسعه متوازن می‌تواند مناطق عقب افتاده را متحول کند.

Balanced development can transform underdeveloped regions.

Modal 'tavānestan' + 'motahavvel kardan'.

1

تقلیل مفاهیم پیچیده به صفت عقب افتاده، نشان از بی‌خردی است.

Reducing complex concepts to the adjective 'backward' shows a lack of wisdom.

Gerund 'taqlil' (reduction).

2

تاریخ‌نگاران بر سر علل عقب افتاده ماندن تمدن‌ها اختلاف نظر دارند.

Historians disagree on the causes of civilizations remaining underdeveloped.

Idiom 'ekhtelāf-e nazar dāshtan'.

3

او با نگاهی انتقادی به سنت‌های عقب افتاده، راهی نو گشود.

With a critical look at backward traditions, he opened a new path.

Participial phrase 'bā negāhi...'.

4

این پارادایم فکری در دنیای پسامدرن، عقب افتاده تلقی می‌شود.

This intellectual paradigm is considered backward in the postmodern world.

Passive 'talaqqi shodan'.

5

عدم انطباق با زمانه، فرد را در زمره عقب افتادگان قرار می‌دهد.

Failure to adapt to the times places an individual among those left behind.

Formal phrase 'dar zomre-ye'.

6

پویایی جامعه در گرو رهایی از بندهای عقب افتاده ذهنی است.

The dynamism of society depends on liberation from backward mental bonds.

Idiom 'dar gerow-e' (depends on).

7

او در یادداشتی تند، مدیریت عقب افتاده دولتی را به چالش کشید.

In a sharp note, he challenged the backward state management.

Idiom 'be chālesh keshidan'.

8

دیالکتیک پیشرفت و عقب افتاده ماندن، محور اصلی این پژوهش است.

The dialectic of progress and remaining underdeveloped is the main axis of this research.

Academic terminology 'diyālektik'.

よく使う組み合わせ

کشورهای عقب افتاده
کارهای عقب افتاده
قسط عقب افتاده
ذهن عقب افتاده
منطقه عقب افتاده
حقوق عقب افتاده
فرهنگ عقب افتاده
اجاره عقب افتاده
پرونده عقب افتاده
تکنولوژی عقب افتاده

よく使うフレーズ

از درس عقب افتادن

— To fall behind in school work or lessons.

پسرم از درس‌هایش عقب افتاده است.

عقب افتاده ذهنی

— Mentally disabled (Note: use with extreme caution as it is often a slur).

مرکزی برای کمک به کودکان عقب افتاده ذهنی.

جبران کارهای عقب افتاده

— To make up for overdue tasks or backlog.

تعطیلات را صرف جبران کارهای عقب افتاده کردم.

عقب افتادن از زمانه

— To be out of touch with the modern world.

او از زمانه خودش عقب افتاده است.

پرداخت مبالغ عقب افتاده

— Paying off overdue amounts or debts.

باید مبالغ عقب افتاده را تا فردا واریز کنید.

عقب افتادن از برنامه

— To fall behind schedule.

پروژه دو هفته از برنامه عقب افتاده است.

عقب افتادن از قافله

— To fall behind the caravan (metaphor for missing out on progress).

ما نباید از قافله تمدن عقب بیفتیم.

فهرست کارهای عقب افتاده

— A backlog list or to-do list for old tasks.

فهرست کارهای عقب افتاده‌ام خیلی طولانی است.

عقب افتادن حقوق

— Delayed salary payments.

حقوق کارگران شرکت سه ماه عقب افتاده.

نگاه عقب افتاده

— A backward or outdated perspective.

او نگاه عقب افتاده‌ای به مسائل دارد.

よく混同される語

عقب افتاده vs دیر (Dir)

Dir means 'late' in time (e.g., I am late). Aghab-oftāde means 'lagging' or 'overdue' (e.g., my work is late).

عقب افتاده vs پشت (Posht)

Posht means 'behind' in a physical sense (e.g., behind the door). Aghab-oftāde is metaphorical.

عقب افتاده vs قدیمی (Ghadimi)

Ghadimi means 'old'. Aghab-oftāde implies a failure to progress, which is more negative.

慣用句と表現

"از قافله عقب افتادن"

— To miss the boat or fall behind the times, usually regarding social progress.

اگر مطالعه نکنی، از قافله عقب می‌افتی.

Literary/Metaphorical
"عقب افتادن از دنیا"

— To be completely disconnected from modern global realities.

این کشور با این سیاست‌ها از دنیا عقب افتاده است.

Political
"فکر عقب افتاده"

— Used to describe someone with very traditional or non-progressive views.

فکرهای عقب افتاده‌ات را کنار بگذار.

Informal/Critical
"عقب افتادگی تاریخی"

— A concept describing a nation's long-term failure to modernize.

ما دچار عقب افتادگی تاریخی هستیم.

Academic
"جای عقب افتاده"

— A place that lacks basic amenities (often used dismissively).

من در آن جای عقب افتاده زندگی نمی‌کنم.

Informal
"عقب افتادن ساعت"

— When a clock is slow (not used for the word itself, but the verb form).

ساعت من ده دقیقه عقب می‌افتد.

Neutral
"عقب افتاده ماندن"

— To remain in a state of underdevelopment.

ترس باعث عقب افتاده ماندن ما شد.

General
"عقب افتادگان"

— Those who have been left behind by society or history.

حمایت از عقب افتادگان جامعه ضروری است.

Formal
"عقب افتادن از رده"

— To become obsolete or fall out of the ranking/competition.

این مدل گوشی از رده عقب افتاده است.

Technical
"عقب افتادن از بقیه"

— To lag behind one's peers.

در مسابقه از بقیه عقب افتاد.

Neutral

間違えやすい

عقب افتاده vs عقب‌مانده

They look and sound very similar.

Aghab-mānde focuses on the state of being behind, while aghab-oftāde focuses on the action of falling behind. They are 90% interchangeable.

کشور عقب‌مانده vs کارهای عقب‌افتاده

عقب افتاده vs معوق

Both mean overdue.

Mo'avvagh is strictly formal and financial (e.g., bank arrears). Aghab-oftāde is more general.

وام‌های معوق

عقب افتاده vs دیرکرد

Both relate to lateness.

Dirkard is a noun meaning 'delay' or 'late fee'. Aghab-oftāde is an adjective.

جریمه دیرکرد

عقب افتاده vs منسوخ

Both mean not modern.

Mansūkh means 'obsolete' or 'abolished' (like a law). Aghab-oftāde means 'underdeveloped'.

قانون منسوخ

عقب افتاده vs بدوی

Both mean primitive.

Badavi refers to ancient/tribal states. Aghab-oftāde refers to lagging in a modern race.

زندگی بدوی

文型パターン

A1

[Noun] + [aghab-oftāde] + [ast].

Kar-e man aghab-oftāde ast.

A2

[Noun] + [Ezafe] + [aghab-oftāde] + [rā] + [Verb].

Ghaz-e aghab-oftāde rā pardākht kon.

B1

[Subject] + az + [Noun] + [aghab-oftāde ast].

U az dars-hā aghab-oftāde ast.

B2

Be dalil-e [Reason], [Subject] [aghab-oftāde].

Be dalil-e mazyadi, u aghab-oftāde.

C1

[Concept] + [aghab-oftāde] + talaqqi mishavad.

In fekr aghab-oftāde talaqqi mishavad.

C2

[Gerund] + bā'es-e [aghab-oftādegi] shod.

Siyāsat-hā bā'es-e aghab-oftādegi shod.

B1

Manāteq-e [aghab-oftāde] niyāz be [Noun] dārand.

Manāteq-e aghab-oftāde niyāz be budje dārand.

B2

Jobrān-e [kārhā-ye aghab-oftāde] [Adjective] ast.

Jobrān-e kārhā-ye aghab-oftāde moshkel ast.

語族

名詞

عقب‌افتادگی (backwardness)
عقب‌ماندگی (underdevelopment)

動詞

عقب افتادن (to fall behind)
عقب ماندن (to remain behind)

形容詞

عقب‌افتاده (backward/overdue)
عقب‌مانده (underdeveloped)

関連

عقب (back)
جلو (front)
پیشرفت (progress)
توسعه (development)
تأخیر (delay)
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使い方

frequency

Very high in office, banking, and news contexts.

よくある間違い
  • Using it for punctuality. → Man dir kardam.

    Aghab-oftāde is for progress/development, not for being late to an appointment.

  • Using it as a clinical term for disability. → Kam-tavān-e zehni.

    Aghab-oftāde is now considered a slur in social contexts regarding disability.

  • Forgetting the Ezafe. → Kār-e aghab-oftāde.

    In Persian, adjectives must be connected to nouns with the Ezafe sound.

  • Confusing it with physical position. → Dar aghab-e mashin.

    Use 'aghab' for 'back of', but 'aghab-oftāde' only for lagging progress.

  • Writing it as two separate words. → عقب‌افتاده (with nim-fāsele).

    Compound adjectives should be visually linked in formal writing.

ヒント

Work Backlog

Always use 'kārhā-ye aghab-oftāde' when talking about tasks you haven't finished yet. It's the most natural way to say 'backlog' in Persian.

Avoid for People

To be safe, never use this word to describe a person's character or mind. It carries a heavy stigma.

The Ezafe

Don't forget the short 'e' sound when connecting a noun to this adjective (e.g., qast-e aghab-oftāde).

Nim-fāsele

In digital typing, use Shift+Space for the nim-fāsele to write عقب‌افتاده correctly.

Formal Alternative

Use 'towse'e-nayāfte' in academic settings to sound more professional and less judgmental.

Pronunciation

The 'gh' sound is deep in the throat. Practice it by gargling slightly to get the right vibration.

News Context

When you hear 'manāteq-e aghab-oftāde' on the news, it usually refers to areas lacking infrastructure.

Overdue Payments

If you see this on a bank statement, it means you owe money from a previous period.

Historical Context

Understand that this word is linked to Iran's 150-year struggle with modernization.

The 'Fall'

Remember 'oftāde' means 'fallen'. Someone who fell behind the group is 'aghab-oftāde'.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of someone who 'fell' (oftāde) to the 'back' (aghab) of a race. They are now 'backward' or 'lagging behind'.

視覚的連想

Visualize a runner tripping and falling behind the group, or a calendar with a red circle around an old date for a bill.

Word Web

Progress Delay Backward Underdeveloped Overdue Back Fall Lag

チャレンジ

Write three sentences: one about a late bill, one about an old idea, and one about a slow country using 'aghab-oftāde'.

語源

A Persian compound word. 'Aghab' comes from Arabic 'aqab' (heel/behind), and 'oftāde' is the past participle of the Middle Persian/Pahlavi verb 'aftādan' (to fall).

元の意味： Literally 'fallen to the back' or 'fallen behind'.

Indo-European (Persian) with Arabic loanword influence.

文化的な背景

Highly sensitive when applied to individuals. Avoid using it for people with disabilities; use 'kam-tavān' instead.

Equivalent to 'backward', 'underdeveloped', or 'overdue' depending on context.

Gharbzadegi by Jalal Al-e-Ahmad Sociological studies on Iranian underdevelopment Contemporary Iranian cinema focusing on rural poverty.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Banking

  • قسط عقب افتاده
  • جریمه دیرکرد
  • حساب معوق
  • تسویه حساب

Office

  • کارهای عقب افتاده
  • گزارش نهایی
  • برنامه ریزی
  • ضرب الاجل

Politics

  • مناطق عقب افتاده
  • عدالت اجتماعی
  • بودجه توسعه
  • محرومیت زدایی

Education

  • عقب افتادن از درس
  • کلاس جبرانی
  • امتحان مجدد
  • پیشرفت تحصیلی

Social Media

  • افکار عقب افتاده
  • تجدد
  • حقوق بشر
  • جامعه مدنی

会話のきっかけ

"آیا شما هم کارهای عقب افتاده زیادی دارید؟ (Do you also have many overdue tasks?)"

"به نظر شما چطور می‌توان به مناطق عقب افتاده کمک کرد؟ (How do you think we can help underdeveloped regions?)"

"آیا تا به حال از درس‌هایتان عقب افتاده‌اید؟ (Have you ever fallen behind in your lessons?)"

"چرا برخی افکار در جامعه ما عقب افتاده باقی مانده‌اند؟ (Why have some thoughts remained backward in our society?)"

"بهترین راه برای جبران کارهای عقب افتاده چیست؟ (What is the best way to catch up on overdue work?)"

日記のテーマ

لیستی از کارهای عقب افتاده خود بنویسید و برای انجام آن‌ها برنامه ریزی کنید. (Write a list of your overdue tasks and plan for them.)

درباره یک تکنولوژی که به نظر شما عقب افتاده است، متنی بنویسید. (Write about a technology that you think is outdated.)

چگونه می‌توانیم از عقب افتادن در دنیای سریع امروز جلوگیری کنیم؟ (How can we prevent falling behind in today's fast world?)

تجربه خود را از زمانی که از یک برنامه عقب افتادید، توصیف کنید. (Describe your experience of a time you fell behind a schedule.)

نقش آموزش در از بین بردن فکرهای عقب افتاده چیست؟ (What is the role of education in eliminating backward thoughts?)

よくある質問

10 問

No. When used for work (kārhā-ye aghab-oftāde) or bills, it is a neutral administrative term. It only becomes an insult when used to describe a person's intelligence.

No, that would be 'Man dir kardam'. Saying 'Man aghab-oftāde am' sounds like you are saying you are mentally underdeveloped.

In formal Persian, use 'keshvar-e dar hāl-e towse'e' (developing country) or 'keshvar-e towse'e-nayāfte' (underdeveloped country).

You can say: 'Man az dars-hāyam aghab oftādam'.

It is the informal, colloquial pronunciation of 'aghab-mānde' or 'aghab-oftāde', often used as a harsh slang insult.

They are very similar. 'Oftāde' (fallen) implies a process, while 'mānde' (remained) implies a state. In practice, they are often used as synonyms.

Use 'qast-e aghab-oftāde' (overdue installment) or 'ejāre-ye aghab-oftāde' (overdue rent).

Yes, 'teknoloži-ye aghab-oftāde' means outdated or backward technology.

The noun form is 'aghab-oftādegi', which means 'backwardness' or 'underdevelopment'.

Yes, though local synonyms might be more common, the components 'aghab' and 'oftāda/oftāde' are understood across the Persian-speaking world.

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自分をテスト 180 問

writing

Write a sentence in Persian about overdue homework.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence using 'aghab-oftāde' to describe an underdeveloped village.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Explain why you shouldn't use 'aghab-oftāde' for yourself when you are late.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a formal sentence about overdue bank payments.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Use 'aghab-oftāde' in a sentence about technology.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about falling behind in lessons.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Describe a person's backward ideas using the word.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a short paragraph (3 sentences) about a busy office with backlog work.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'Underdeveloped countries need investment.'

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about overdue rent.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Use the word 'aghab-oftādegi' in a sentence.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about a project behind schedule.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'Backward laws prevent progress.'

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about a slow clock using the verb 'aghab oftādan'.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Describe a situation where you 'fell behind the caravan'.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about overdue wages.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'He is trying to catch up on his work.'

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about an outdated education system.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Use 'aghab-oftāde' to describe a feeling of being out of time.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about a remote and underdeveloped area.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Talk about a time you had a lot of overdue work.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Explain the difference between 'dir kardan' and 'aghab oftādan'.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Do you think technology makes some people feel 'aghab-oftāde'?

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

How do you manage your 'kārhā-ye aghab-oftāde'?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Describe an underdeveloped region you have visited or heard about.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Is it okay to use 'aghab-oftāde' as an insult?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Talk about a law or custom that you think is backward.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

What happens if someone doesn't pay their 'qast-hā-ye aghab-oftāde'?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

How can a student catch up if they fall behind in class?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Discuss the phrase 'aghab oftādan az zaman-e'.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Describe the economic problems of underdeveloped countries.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

What is the best way to help 'manāteq-e aghab-oftāde'?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Have you ever felt 'aghab-oftāde' in a conversation about a new topic?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Why is 'towse'e-nayāfte' better in academic writing?

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Talk about the 'backlog' in your current life.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Can a person be 'aghab-oftāde' and 'pishrafte' at the same time in different areas?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

What role does internet access play in preventing 'aghab-oftādegi'?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Describe a 'backward' technology you still use.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Explain 'az ghāfele aghab oftādan' to a beginner.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

How does 'aghab-oftāde' relate to history?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen to a description of a man with a pile of bills. What is the key word?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

A news report mentions 'infrastructure in villages'. Which adjective is likely used?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

A teacher tells a student they missed three weeks of class. What is the state of the student?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

A manager is frustrated about old files. What are these files called?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

An analyst discusses 'modernity vs tradition'. Which term describes the tradition in a negative light?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

A person complains about their slow salary. What is the phrase?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Someone is insulted for their old ideas. What word was used?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

A radio host talks about 'historical backwardness'. What is the noun used?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

A landlord demands missing payments. What is the term?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

A student says they need to 'jobrān' something. What is it?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

A documentary about tribes uses which term for their state?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

A person is lagging in a marathon. How is their position described?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

A political speech mentions 'deprived areas'. What is the synonym often heard?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

A user complains about an old operating system. What adjective do they use?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

A poem mentions 'those left behind by the caravan'. What is the word?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Create a dialogue between a boss and an employee about backlog work.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'The rent is three months overdue.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:

/ 180 correct

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