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B2 adjective 7分で読める

획일적이다

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例文 획일적이다 30秒で
解説 획일적이다 in your Level:
At the A1 level, '획일적이다' is a very difficult word because it is abstract. However, you can think of it as a way to say 'everything is the same' or 'no difference.' Imagine a box of 100 red pencils. They are all the same. In Korean, we might say they are '획일적.' At this level, don't worry about using it in complex sentences. Just remember that it means 'same-same' in a way that might be a little bit boring. For example, if every house in a village looks exactly like the others, that is 획일적. It is the opposite of 'different' (다르다). Usually, at A1, you would just say '모두 똑같아요' (everything is exactly the same), but '획일적이다' is the more 'grown-up' or 'official' way to say it when talking about rules or buildings.
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For A2 learners, '획일적이다' is a word you might see in a simple news headline or a textbook about Korean society. It means 'uniform' or 'standardized.' Think about school uniforms (교복). Everyone wears the same thing. This is a kind of '획일적인' style. You can use it to describe things that follow a very strict rule where no one is allowed to be different. A common way to use it is with the word '생각' (thought). '획일적인 생각' means 'everyone thinking the same way.' Even though you are still learning basic grammar, you can recognize this word by the '일' (one) in the middle, which helps you remember it means 'one way' or 'one shape.' Try to notice it when people talk about schools or big companies.
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At the B1 level, you should start understanding the nuance of '획일적이다.' It's not just 'the same'; it's 'standardized' in a way that often lacks creativity. You will encounter this word frequently in discussions about the Korean education system. People complain that the system is '획일적' because it forces all students to study the same subjects in the same way to pass one big test. You can use the form '획일적으로' (adverb) to describe how something is done. For example, 'The teacher treated all students 획일적으로' means the teacher didn't care about their individual personalities and treated them like robots. This word is very useful for expressing your opinion about social issues in a more sophisticated way than just using '똑같다.'
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As a B2 learner, you are expected to use '획일적이다' accurately in essays and debates. This word is a key vocabulary item for the TOPIK II exam. You should understand that it often carries a negative connotation of being 'stifling' or 'monotonous.' It is frequently used to describe modern urban life, corporate culture, and social trends. For example, you might write about how '획일적인 도시 개발' (standardized urban development) makes all cities look the same and destroys local history. You should also be able to distinguish it from '일정하다' (constant) or '동일하다' (identical). A B2 student knows that '획일적이다' describes a systemic or qualitative lack of variety, often imposed by a higher authority or social pressure.
At the C1 level, you should appreciate the philosophical and sociological implications of '획일적이다.' It is a critique of the 'mass society' where individual identity is subsumed by the collective. You can use it to discuss complex topics like '획일적인 가치관' (standardized values) in a globalized world or the '획일화' (standardization/homogenization) of culture through social media. You should be comfortable using related forms like '획일성' (uniformity/homogeneity) and '획일화하다' (to standardize/homogenize). In a C1 level discussion, you might argue whether '획일적' standards are necessary for national efficiency or if they are a remnant of authoritarianism that hinders the '4th Industrial Revolution' which requires divergent thinking.
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For C2 learners, '획일적이다' is a tool for precise socio-political analysis. You can use it to deconstruct the 'institutionalized uniformity' found in bureaucratic structures or the 'aesthetic homogenization' of modern architecture. You should be able to use it alongside advanced idioms like '천편일률적' or '대동소이하다' to provide nuanced comparisons. At this level, you might analyze how '획일적인 담론' (standardized discourse) in the media shapes public opinion. You are also expected to understand its historical context in Korea—how '획일주의' (uniformism) was a byproduct of rapid modernization and how contemporary Korean society is struggling to move toward '다원주의' (pluralism). Your usage should reflect an understanding of the tension between efficiency and individuality.
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例文

획일적이다 30秒で

  • Means uniform or standardized, often implying a lack of individuality.
  • Commonly used to criticize the Korean education system and architecture.
  • Functions as an adjective (descriptive verb) in Korean grammar.
  • Opposite of '다양하다' (diverse) and '개성적이다' (individualistic).

The Korean word 획일적이다 (Hwaek-il-jeok-ida) is a descriptive verb, or adjective, that translates most accurately to 'to be uniform,' 'standardized,' or 'lacking variety.' It is derived from the Hanja (Sino-Korean) roots 획 (劃) meaning 'to divide' or 'a stroke,' and 일 (一) meaning 'one.' When combined with the suffix 적 (的), which turns a noun into an attribute, it literally describes something that follows a single, divided line—essentially, something that is 'cut from the same cloth' or forced into a single mold. In modern Korean discourse, this word carries a significant weight, often used to critique social systems, educational methods, and urban landscapes where individuality is suppressed in favor of efficiency or collective harmony.

Core Concept
The essence of 획일적이다 is the absence of diversity. Imagine a row of identical apartment buildings or a classroom where every student is required to solve a problem using the exact same steps. This lack of deviation is what defines the term.

한국의 교육 시스템은 너무 획일적이다라는 비판을 자주 받습니다. (The Korean education system is often criticized for being too uniform.)

You will most frequently encounter this word in social critiques. For instance, Korean architecture is often described as 획일적이다 because of the prevalence of 'matchbox' apartment complexes (성냥갑 아파트) that look identical across the country. Furthermore, in the context of corporate culture, it describes a rigid environment where employees are expected to think and act in unison, leaving no room for creative or divergent thinking. It is important to note that while the word can be used neutrally in technical contexts—such as standardized manufacturing—it almost always carries a negative nuance in social or artistic discussions, implying a boring, stifling, or oppressive lack of originality.

Usage Context
It is used to describe systems (시스템), thinking (사고), education (교육), fashion (패션), and cityscapes (도시 경관). It is a formal word, suitable for news reports, essays, and serious debates.

모두가 똑같은 옷을 입는 획일적인 유행은 개성을 죽인다. (Uniform trends where everyone wears the same clothes kill individuality.)

Using 획일적이다 correctly requires understanding its grammatical behavior as a descriptive verb. Because it ends in -이다, it functions like an adjective in English. When you want to modify a noun, you change it to the attributive form: 획일적인 (Hwaek-il-jeok-in). For example, '획일적인 사고방식' means 'a standardized way of thinking.' When it appears at the end of a sentence to describe a subject, you conjugate it according to the desired politeness level: 획일적이에요 (polite), 획일적입니다 (formal), or 획일적이야 (informal).

Grammar Pattern: Noun + 획일적이다
The most common structure is [Subject] + [Particle 이/가] + 획일적이다. Example: 사회 구조가 획일적이다 (The social structure is uniform).

그 회사의 획일적인 업무 방식은 창의성을 저해한다. (The company's standardized work methods hinder creativity.)

Another important usage is the adverbial form, 획일적으로 (Hwaek-il-jeok-euro), which means 'uniformly' or 'in a standardized manner.' This is used when an action is performed without regard for individual differences. For instance, '학생들을 획일적으로 평가하다' means 'to evaluate students in a uniform way.' This often implies unfairness, as it suggests that diverse talents are being measured by a single, narrow yardstick. In writing, you will often see it paired with verbs like '강요하다' (to force) or '적용하다' (to apply), highlighting the forceful imposition of sameness.

정부는 모든 학교에 획일적으로 같은 교과서를 배포했다. (The government distributed the same textbooks to all schools in a uniform manner.)

Collocation Alert
획일적이다 often goes with '탈피하다' (to break away from). To say 'break away from uniformity,' use '획일성에서 탈피하다.'

While 획일적이다 is a B2-level word, it is surprisingly common in daily Korean life—not necessarily in casual chatter about what to eat for lunch, but in the media, documentaries, and social debates that Koreans engage in constantly. If you watch a Korean news program (뉴스), you will almost certainly hear this word during segments about educational reform. Experts often argue that the '획일적인 교육' (standardized education) focused solely on college entrance exams is destroying the future of the youth. In this context, the word serves as a powerful rhetorical tool to demand change.

“우리는 획일적인 삶의 방식에서 벗어나야 합니다.” (We must escape from a uniform way of life.)

You will also hear it in the world of art and design. A fashion critic might look at a crowd in Seoul and comment on how the '획일적인 패션' (uniform fashion)—where everyone wears long black padded coats in winter—reflects a social pressure to conform. Similarly, in urban planning discussions, architects use 획일적이다 to describe the monotonous rows of 'Apt' (apartments) that dominate the skyline. It is a word used by those who value '개성' (individuality) and '다양성' (diversity). If you are a student in Korea, your professors might use it to challenge you to think outside the box, warning against '획일적인 사고' (standardized thinking).

이 도시는 건물의 디자인이 너무 획일적이라 길을 찾기 힘들다. (The building designs in this city are so uniform that it's hard to find your way.)

Media Examples
Documentaries about the 'Hell Joseon' phenomenon often use this word to describe the pressure to follow a single path: study, get a corporate job, get married, buy an apartment.

One of the most common mistakes learners make with 획일적이다 is confusing it with other words that mean 'same' or 'constant.' A frequent error is using it interchangeably with 일정하다 (il-jeong-hada). While both words involve a sense of 'oneness' (일), 일정하다 means 'to be constant, steady, or fixed' in a way that is often positive or neutral (like a constant temperature or a fixed schedule). In contrast, 획일적이다 implies a forced, unnatural sameness that ignores individual characteristics. Using 획일적이다 to describe a 'steady' heartbeat would sound very strange and suggest the heartbeat is 'boringly standardized.'

Wrong: 온도가 획일적이다. (The temperature is uniform/standardized.)
Right: 온도가 일정하다. (The temperature is constant.)

Another mistake is confusing it with 동일하다 (dong-il-hada), which means 'to be identical' or 'the same.' 동일하다 is used for objective identity—like two people having the same ID number or two identical results. 획일적이다 is more about the *quality* of being standardized across a group. You wouldn't say 'My answer is 획일적이다 to yours'; you would say 'Our answers are 동일하다.' Use 획일적이다 when you are making a qualitative judgment about a system or a group's lack of variety.

Comparison: 획일적 vs. 평범한
'평범하다' means 'ordinary' or 'common.' A person can be ordinary without being 획일적. 획일적 implies they are following a specific, rigid mold set by others.

그는 평범한 사람이지만, 그의 생각은 전혀 획일적이지 않다. (He is an ordinary person, but his thoughts are not uniform at all.)

To truly master 획일적이다, you should know its synonyms and how they differ in nuance. The most powerful alternative is 천편일률적이다 (cheon-pyeon-il-ryul-jeok-ida). This is a four-character idiom (사자성어) that literally means 'a thousand pieces following one rhythm.' It is used when something is incredibly monotonous and repetitive, like a thousand books all having the same plot. It is even more negative than 획일적이다 and is often used to criticize lack of creativity in art or literature.

획일적이다 vs. 천편일률적이다
획일적이다 is systematic and structural (standardized). 천편일률적이다 is stylistic and descriptive (monotonous/repetitive).

요즘 드라마들은 소재가 너무 천편일률적이다. (Dramas these days have such monotonous/cliché subject matter.)

Another similar word is 단조롭다 (dan-jo-rop-da), which means 'monotonous' or 'simple.' This is used for things like a repetitive sound, a simple lifestyle, or a landscape that lacks variety. While 획일적이다 implies a system making things the same, 단조롭다 simply describes the feeling of boredom or simplicity. Finally, 규격화되다 (gyu-gyeok-hwa-doeda) means 'to be standardized' in a technical or industrial sense (like shipping containers). Use this for physical objects and 획일적이다 for abstract concepts like culture or thought.

Summary of Alternatives
- 천편일률적이다: Cliché/Repetitive (Art/Stories)
- 단조롭다: Boring/Simple (Sound/Life)
- 규격화되다: Industrial standardization (Objects)
- 동일하다: Factually identical (Data/Results)
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レベル別の例文

1

모든 가방이 획일적이에요.

All the bags are uniform.

Simple adjective use with the polite ending -이에요.

2

그 마을의 집들은 획일적입니다.

The houses in that village are uniform.

Formal ending -입니다 used for a descriptive state.

3

획일적인 색깔이 재미없어요.

The uniform colors are not fun.

Attributive form '획일적인' modifying the noun '색깔'.

4

우리는 획일적인 옷을 입어요.

We wear uniform clothes.

Noun modification describing a collective state.

5

이 사과들은 크기가 획일적이다.

These apples are uniform in size.

Plain form -다 used for a general statement.

6

획일적인 디자인은 싫어요.

I don't like uniform designs.

Subjective dislike of a standardized attribute.

7

꽃들이 너무 획일적이야.

The flowers are too uniform.

Informal ending -이야 for close relationships.

8

획일적인 생활이 힘들어요.

A uniform life is hard.

Describing a repetitive, standardized lifestyle.

1

획일적인 교육은 학생들에게 좋지 않아요.

Standardized education is not good for students.

Topic marker -은 used to introduce the subject of critique.

2

이 아파트는 획일적인 구조를 가지고 있어요.

This apartment has a uniform structure.

Object marker -를 used with the action 'to have'.

3

모두가 획일적으로 행동해요.

Everyone acts in a uniform way.

Adverbial form -적으로 describing the manner of action.

4

회사는 획일적인 규칙을 강조합니다.

The company emphasizes uniform rules.

Formal verb '강조합니다' (emphasizes) used with the word.

5

획일적인 생각에서 벗어나고 싶어요.

I want to escape from uniform thinking.

-에서 벗어나다 (to escape/break away from) is a common collocation.

6

그의 스타일은 너무 획일적이에요.

His style is too uniform.

Adverb '너무' (too/very) emphasizes the negative nuance.

7

획일적인 평가 방식이 문제예요.

The standardized evaluation method is the problem.

Noun phrase used as the subject of the sentence.

8

우리는 획일적인 문화를 바꾸어야 합니다.

We must change the uniform culture.

-아/어야 하다 (must/should) used for necessity.

1

한국 사회의 획일적인 미의 기준은 성형수술을 부추긴다.

The uniform beauty standards of Korean society encourage plastic surgery.

Complex subject with a possessive '의'.

2

정부는 획일적인 정책 대신 다양한 대안을 마련해야 한다.

The government should prepare various alternatives instead of uniform policies.

'대신' (instead of) used to contrast with the word.

3

획일적으로 적용되는 법은 때로는 불공평할 수 있다.

Laws that are applied uniformly can sometimes be unfair.

Relative clause '획일적으로 적용되는' modifying '법'.

4

그 건축가는 획일적인 도시 풍경에 변화를 주려고 노력했다.

The architect tried to bring change to the uniform cityscape.

-으려고 노력하다 (to try/effort to do something).

5

획일적인 사고방식은 창의적인 문제 해결을 방해한다.

A standardized way of thinking hinders creative problem-solving.

Abstract noun '사고방식' (way of thinking) is a very common partner.

6

성공의 기준이 너무 획일적이라서 청년들이 지쳐 있다.

Because the criteria for success are so uniform, young people are exhausted.

-아서/어서 (because) used to explain a result.

7

모든 학생에게 획일적인 과제를 내주는 것은 비효율적이다.

Giving uniform assignments to all students is inefficient.

Gerund form '-는 것' used as the subject.

8

획일적인 조직 문화는 소통을 단절시킨다.

A uniform organizational culture cuts off communication.

Causative verb '단절시키다' (to cause to cut off).

1

입시 위주의 교육은 학생들의 개성을 획일화된 틀 속에 가둔다.

Entrance exam-oriented education traps students' individuality within a standardized frame.

Use of '획일화된' (standardized) as a past participle modifier.

2

획일적인 가치관을 강요하는 사회는 발전하기 어렵다.

A society that forces uniform values is difficult to develop.

Relative clause modifying '사회'.

3

대중 매체는 종종 획일적인 여성상을 만들어낸다.

Mass media often creates a uniform image of women.

Abstract concept '여성상' (image of women).

4

그의 주장은 너무 획일적이라서 현실적인 대안이 되지 못한다.

His argument is so uniform that it cannot be a realistic alternative.

-지 못하다 (cannot) used for lack of ability/result.

5

획일적인 업무 환경에서 벗어나 재택근무를 선택하는 사람이 늘고 있다.

The number of people choosing to work from home to escape standardized work environments is increasing.

Present progressive '-고 있다' for a current trend.

6

획일적인 기준에 맞추기 위해 자신의 꿈을 포기하지 마세요.

Don't give up on your dreams to fit into uniform standards.

-기 위해 (in order to) expressing purpose.

7

도시의 획일성을 극복하기 위해 공공 미술 프로젝트가 시작되었다.

A public art project was started to overcome the uniformity of the city.

Noun form '획일성' (uniformity) used as an object.

8

획일적인 라이프스타일보다는 자신만의 길을 찾는 것이 중요하다.

It is more important to find your own path than a uniform lifestyle.

-보다(는) used for comparison.

1

근대화 과정에서 발생한 획일적인 집단주의는 한국 사회의 명과 암이다.

The uniform collectivism that emerged during modernization is both the light and shadow of Korean society.

Metaphorical expression '명과 암' (light and dark/pros and cons).

2

포스트모더니즘은 거대 담론의 획일적 지배에 저항하며 다양성을 옹호한다.

Postmodernism resists the uniform dominance of grand narratives and advocates for diversity.

Academic terminology like '거대 담론' (grand narrative).

3

획일적인 관료주의는 유연한 사고와 혁신을 저해하는 고질적인 병폐다.

Uniform bureaucracy is a chronic malady that hinders flexible thinking and innovation.

Advanced noun '병폐' (malady/evil practice).

4

디지털 기술의 발달이 오히려 정보의 획일화를 초래할 수 있다는 우려가 있다.

There are concerns that the development of digital technology may instead lead to the homogenization of information.

Noun form '획일화' (standardization/homogenization).

5

글로벌 시장에서 획일적인 마케팅 전략은 더 이상 통하지 않는다.

Uniform marketing strategies no longer work in the global market.

'더 이상 ~지 않다' (no longer).

6

획일적인 성공의 잣대로 타인의 삶을 재단하는 것은 위험한 발상이다.

Judging others' lives by a uniform yardstick of success is a dangerous idea.

Metaphorical verb '재단하다' (to cut/judge like fabric).

7

예술의 본질은 획일성에 대한 저항과 새로운 시각의 제시이다.

The essence of art is resistance to uniformity and the presentation of new perspectives.

Formal definition-style sentence structure.

8

획일적인 언론 보도는 여론의 다양성을 훼손할 우려가 크다.

Uniform media reporting carries a high risk of damaging the diversity of public opinion.

'~을 우려가 크다' (there is a great concern that...).

1

국가 권력에 의한 획일적 이데올로기의 주입은 민주주의의 근간을 흔든다.

The injection of a uniform ideology by state power shakes the very foundation of democracy.

Highly formal academic language ('근간을 흔들다').

2

현대 도시 미학에서 획일성은 효율성이라는 이름 아래 정당화되어 왔다.

In modern urban aesthetics, uniformity has been justified under the name of efficiency.

Passive form '정당화되어 왔다' (has been justified).

3

소비 자본주의는 획일적인 욕망을 창출하여 대중을 통제하는 기제로 작용한다.

Consumer capitalism acts as a mechanism for controlling the masses by creating uniform desires.

Sociological term '기제' (mechanism).

4

지식의 파편화와 획일적 수용은 비판적 사고의 거세를 의미한다.

The fragmentation of knowledge and its uniform acceptance signify the castration of critical thinking.

Strong metaphorical language ('거세' - castration/removal).

5

획일적 평등주의가 개인의 수월성을 저해하지 않도록 정교한 제도 설계가 필요하다.

Sophisticated institutional design is needed to ensure that uniform egalitarianism does not hinder individual excellence.

Complex conditional structure '하도록'.

6

문화적 제국주의는 토착 문화의 고유성을 말살하고 획일적인 글로벌 스탠다드를 강요한다.

Cultural imperialism obliterates the uniqueness of indigenous cultures and forces a uniform global standard.

Heavy vocabulary ('말살하다' - to obliterate).

7

획일적인 담론의 장에서 소수자의 목소리는 쉽게 소외되고 묻히기 마련이다.

In a field of uniform discourse, the voices of minorities are bound to be easily marginalized and buried.

Grammar '-기 마련이다' (it is bound to happen).

8

획일적인 법 적용의 경직성을 탈피하여 구체적 타당성을 확보하는 것이 사법 정의의 과제다.

Breaking away from the rigidity of uniform law application and securing concrete validity is the task of judicial justice.

Legal/Philosophical register.

よく使う組み合わせ

획일적인 교육
획일적인 사고방식
획일적으로 적용하다
획일적인 미의 기준
획일적인 도시 경관
획일적인 삶의 방식
획일성을 탈피하다
획일화된 사회
획일적인 평가
획일적인 유행

よく使うフレーズ

획일적인 틀

— A standardized frame or mold. It refers to a rigid social or mental structure.

아이들을 획일적인 틀에 가두지 마세요.

획일적인 잣대

— A uniform yardstick. Used when judging different things by a single standard.

성공을 획일적인 잣대로 평가해서는 안 된다.

획일적인 반응

— A uniform reaction. When everyone responds in the exact same way.

그 뉴스에 대해 사람들은 획일적인 반응을 보였다.

획일적인 분위기

— A uniform atmosphere. A setting where everything feels the same and rigid.

사무실의 획일적인 분위기가 답답했다.

획일적인 관리

— Uniform management. Managing a group without considering individual differences.

직원들에 대한 획일적인 관리는 효율성이 떨어진다.

획일적인 공급

— Uniform supply. Providing the same goods or services to everyone regardless of need.

주택의 획일적인 공급은 주거 문제를 해결하지 못한다.

획일적인 이미지

— A uniform image. A standardized representation of something.

그 브랜드는 획일적인 이미지를 탈피하려고 노력 중이다.

획일적인 전개

— Uniform progression. Used in storytelling when the plot follows a cliché pattern.

영화의 획일적인 전개가 아쉬웠다.

획일적인 가치

— Uniform values. A single set of values imposed on a group.

획일적인 가치를 강요하는 것은 폭력이다.

획일적인 소통

— Uniform communication. One-way or standardized communication methods.

획일적인 소통 방식은 오해를 부른다.

慣用句と表現

"천편일률"

— A thousand pieces following one rhythm. Extremely monotonous and repetitive.

그 작가의 작품들은 천편일률이라서 지루하다.

Formal/Literary
"판에 박은 듯하다"
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