B1 · 中級 チャプター 2

Measuring Time and Frequency

4 トータルルール
41 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of time and frequency to sound like a local in Chinese.

  • Ask precise questions about duration using 多久 (duōjiǔ).
  • Express ongoing actions and negative durations with accuracy.
  • Use 都 (dōu) to emphasize consistency in your daily routines.
Master time, speak with confidence.

学べること

Hey there, language explorer! Ready to supercharge your Chinese conversations and sound way more natural? In this B1 chapter, 'Measuring Time and Frequency', we're diving deep into how to talk about *when* things happen and *for how long* they last. No more vague guesses! You'll master asking 'How long have you...?' using **多久 (duōjiǔ)** and understand exactly where to place that duration after your verbs. We'll then unlock the secret of the second **'le'** to clearly express actions that are *still ongoing* – a game-changer for sounding fluent. Ever wanted to say 'I haven't done X for Y time'? We've got you covered with the essential **'没有...了'** structure, showing you exactly where to put your duration for perfect negative sentences. And to top it all off, we’ll tackle the mighty **都 (dōu)**, making sure your 'every single time' phrases hit just right. Imagine confidently telling a friend how long you've lived in Beijing, or asking a vendor how often the market opens. By the end, you won't just *know* these rules; you'll *feel* them, confidently expressing durations and frequencies like a pro. Get ready to elevate your Chinese!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: describe how long you have (or haven't) done a specific activity.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey there, language explorer! Ready to supercharge your Chinese conversations and sound way more natural? In this B1 Chinese grammar chapter, 'Measuring Time and Frequency', we're diving deep into how to talk about *when* things happen and *for how long* they last.
No more vague guesses! This is a crucial step in elevating your Chinese grammar from basic sentences to more sophisticated and nuanced expressions. You'll master asking 'How long have you...?' using 多久 (duōjiǔ) and understand exactly where to place that duration after your verbs.
We'll then unlock the secret of the second 'le' to clearly express actions that are *still ongoing* – a game-changer for sounding fluent. Ever wanted to say 'I haven't done X for Y time'? We've got you covered with the essential '没有...了' structure, showing you exactly where to put your duration for perfect negative sentences.
And to top it all off, we’ll tackle the mighty 都 (dōu), making sure your 'every single time' phrases hit just right. Imagine confidently telling a friend how long you've lived in Beijing, or asking a vendor how often the market opens. By the end, you won't just *know* these rules; you'll *feel* them, confidently expressing durations and frequencies like a pro.
Get ready to elevate your Chinese!

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down the essential structures for measuring time in Chinese and expressing frequency at a B1 Chinese level.
First up, asking How long? is simple with 多久 (duōjiǔ). This handy phrase can usually be placed at the end of a question, or sometimes directly after the verb if the verb is repeated.
你学汉语学了多久？ (How long have you studied Chinese?)
他去北京多久了？ (How long has he been in Beijing?)
Next, for stating how long an action has been ongoing, we use a specific pattern involving a repeated verb and the crucial second 了 (le). This is a common point of confusion but vital for sounding natural. The structure is: Verb + (Object) + Verb + Duration + 了 (le).
The first 了 (le) (if present) indicates completion of the action *for a certain period*, and the second 了 (le) at the end signifies that the action is *still continuing*.
我学汉语学了两年了。(I have been studying Chinese for two years [and I'm still studying].)
她看电视看了三个小时了。(She has been watching TV for three hours [and she's still watching].)
When you want to say you *haven't* done something for a certain period, you'll use the 没有...了 (méiyǒu...le) structure. The key here is the placement of the duration. It often comes *before* 没有 (méiyǒu) or directly after the verb, followed by 了 (le) at the end.
我三年没有去中国了。(I haven't been to China for three years.)
他一个星期没有吃饭了。(He hasn't eaten for a week.)
Finally, to express every single time or all of them, we use 都 (dōu). This adverb emphasizes the totality of a frequency or quantity. It usually appears after the subject or a specific time phrase and before the verb.
我每天都跑步。(I run every single day.)
每次会议他都迟到。(He is late for every meeting.)
他们每年都去旅游。(They travel every year.)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 我学了两年汉语。
✓ Correct: 我学汉语学了两年了。
*Explanation:* The incorrect sentence implies you *completed* studying Chinese for two years (and possibly stopped). The correct sentence, with the repeated verb and the final 了 (le), clearly indicates that the action of studying Chinese started two years ago and is *still ongoing*. This is a common B1 Chinese grammar trap!
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 我没有三年看电影了。
✓ Correct: 我三年没有看电影了。
*Explanation:* When expressing a negative duration ("haven't done X for Y time"), the duration phrase (e.g., 三年) typically comes *before* 没有 (méiyǒu) to sound natural and grammatically correct in Chinese.

Real Conversations

A

A

你来北京多久了？ (How long have you been in Beijing?)
B

B

我来北京来了两年了。 (I have been in Beijing for two years.)
A

A

你最近怎么没去健身房？ (Why haven't you been to the gym recently?)
B

B

我已经一个月没有去健身房了。我每天都加班。 (I haven't been to the gym for a month already. I work overtime every single day.)
A

A

你每天都几点起床？ (What time do you get up every day?)
B

B

我每天都七点起床。我已经这样生活了十年了。 (I get up at 7 AM every day. I've been living like this for ten years.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do you express for how long in B1 Chinese?

You primarily use 多久 (duōjiǔ) to ask how long?. For stating the duration of an ongoing action, you use the structure Verb + (Object) + Verb + Duration + 了 (le).

Q

What's the difference between one 'le' and two 'le's when talking about time in Chinese?

A single 了 (le) usually indicates completion of an action. When you see a second 了 (le) at the end of a sentence following a duration (e.g., 我学汉语学了两年了), it specifically means the action started in the past and is *still ongoing* up to the present moment. This is a key aspect of Chinese grammar at the B1 level.

Q

Can I use 都 (dōu) with any frequency word in Chinese?

Yes, 都 (dōu) is commonly used with frequency words like 每天 (měitiān) (every day), 每次 (měicì) (every time), 每年 (měinián) (every year), etc., to emphasize every single or all instances. It adds a strong sense of completeness to the frequency.

Q

How do I say "I haven't done X for Y amount of time" in Chinese?

The most common and natural way is to place the duration before 没有 (méiyǒu), followed by the verb and then 了 (le) at the end. For example, 我三年没有去中国了 (Wǒ sān nián méiyǒu qù Zhōngguó le) means "I haven't been to China for three years."

Cultural Context

In everyday Chinese conversations, these duration and frequency patterns are incredibly common. Native speakers rely heavily on the second 了 (le) to clearly convey that an action is ongoing, making the language feel more alive and immediate. The precise placement of durations, especially with 没有...了, is crucial for natural flow.
While sometimes approximations are used, mastering these structures shows a deeper understanding of Chinese grammar beyond just vocabulary. The use of 都 (dōu) for emphasis is also very common, adding a layer of certainty or totality to statements about habits or repeated actions.

重要な例文 (6)

1

我三个月没有去健身房了。

I haven't been to the gym for three months.

期間の否定：『〜の間〜していない』（没有...了）
2

他一整天没回我消息了！

He hasn't replied to my messages all day!

期間の否定：『〜の間〜していない』（没有...了）
3

我学了三个月の汉语。

私は3ヶ月間中国語を勉強しました。

中国語の持続時間：'了'を使って「どのくらい」を表す
4

他等了你半个小时了。

彼はあなたを30分間ずっと待っています。

中国語の持続時間：'了'を使って「どのくらい」を表す
5

你在这儿等了多久？

ここでどのくらい待っていたの？

どのくらい？期間を尋ねる (多久 duōjiǔ)
6

你每天玩游戏玩多久？

毎日どのくらいゲームをするの？

どのくらい？期間を尋ねる (多久 duōjiǔ)

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

Focus on the '了'

Always remember that '了' is what makes the sentence feel 'current'. Without it, you are just talking about the past.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 期間の否定：『〜の間〜していない』（没有...了）
🎯

迷ったら「動詞を繰り返す」のが一番！

目的語をどこに置くか迷ったら、動詞を2回言う「V+O+V+Duration」の形が一番確実で自然に聞こえます。 «我写字写了一个小时。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語の持続時間：'了'を使って「どのくらい」を表す
⚠️

置く場所に注意！

日本語の感覚で動詞の前に期間を置かないようにしましょう。必ず「動詞 ＋ どのくらい」の順になります。 «你学了多久？»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: どのくらい？期間を尋ねる (多久 duōjiǔ)
💡

語順が命！

「都」は必ず主語と時間の後ろ、動詞の前に置きます。動詞を守るボディーガードのようなイメージで配置しましょう。«我毎日都学習。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「毎日」には必ず「都 (dōu)」をつける理由

重要な語彙 (5)

多久 (duōjiǔ) how long 小时 (xiǎoshí) hour 每天 (měitiān) every day 没有 (méiyǒu) have not 练习 (liànxí) practice

Real-World Preview

coffee

Meeting a Friend

Review Summary

  • Subject + 没 + Verb + Duration + 了
  • Subject + Verb + Duration + 了
  • Verb + 多久
  • Subject + 都 + Verb

よくある間違い

In duration sentences, the verb should be followed by the object and then the duration + le.

Wrong: 我学习了三个小时中文。
正解: 我学习中文三个小时了。

Use 多久 for duration of time, not 多长 which is usually for physical length.

Wrong: 你练习多长？
正解: 你练习多久？

When using time words like 每天, adding 都 adds the necessary emphasis for frequency.

Wrong: 我每天练习中文。
正解: 我每天都练习中文。

Next Steps

You've done an incredible job. Keep practicing, and these patterns will become second nature!

Describe your last 24 hours to a partner

Continue to: Organizing Actions and Sequences

クイック練習 (9)

「私は8時間寝ました」という正しい文章を選んでください。

文法的に正しいのはどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我睡了八个小时。
時間の長さは必ず動詞の後ろに来ます。完了した動作なので「動詞＋了＋時間」の順になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語の持続時間：'了'を使って「どのくらい」を表す

「私は1時間勉強しました」という正しい文を選んでください。

文法的に正しいものを選びましょう：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我|wǒ}{学习|xuéxí}{了|le}{一个小时|yī gè xiǎoshí}.
中国語では、期間（1時間）は動詞（勉強する）の後ろに置くルールがあります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: どのくらい？期間を尋ねる (多久 duōjiǔ)

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

我没有三天看书了。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我没有看书三天了
Duration follows the verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 期間の否定：『〜の間〜していない』（没有...了）

Choose the correct sentence.

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我没有看书三天了
Must use 没有 and 了.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 期間の否定：『〜の間〜していない』（没有...了）

この文の間違いを探してください： 我看书看了三十分钟了。

Find and fix the mistake:

もし「もう本を読んでいない」場合、どの単語を消すべきですか？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 最後の 了
文末の「了」を消すと、「30分間読んでいた（今は終わった）」という完了の意味になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語の持続時間：'了'を使って「どのくらい」を表す

Fill in the blank with the correct structure.

我没有___书三天了。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 看书
Verb + Duration is the pattern.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 期間の否定：『〜の間〜していない』（没有...了）

動作が今も続いていることを表すために、空欄を埋めてください。

他学习汉语学习了两年___。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 了
文末に「了」を置くことで、2年前から現在まで動作が継続していることを示します。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語の持続時間：'了'を使って「どのくらい」を表す

次の文の間違いを直してください：你学中文了多久？

Find and fix the mistake:

正しい文はどれ？ {你|nǐ}{学|xué}{中文|Zhōngwén}{了|le}{多久|duōjiǔ}?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {你|nǐ}{学|xué}{中文|Zhōngwén}{学|xué}{了|le}{多久|duōjiǔ}?
目的語（中国語）がある場合、動詞（学ぶ）を繰り返してその後に期間を置きます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: どのくらい？期間を尋ねる (多久 duōjiǔ)

「どのくらい待ったの？」と聞くための空欄を埋めてください。

{你|nǐ}{等|děng}{了|le} ___ ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {多久|duōjiǔ}
動作の期間（長さ）を尋ねるには「多久」を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: どのくらい？期間を尋ねる (多久 duōjiǔ)

Score: /9

よくある質問 (6)

No, '不' is for habits or future. '没有' is for past/ongoing duration.
Yes, it marks the state as current.
「点」は「1時、2時」という時刻を指し、「小时」は「1時間、2時間」という時間の長さを指します。この文法では «两个小时» のように「小时」を使います。
いいえ、「分钟」「年」「天」には「个」を使いません。でも「小时」と「个月」には必ず «一个小时» のように「个」が必要です。
意味は全く同じです。 «多久» は口語でよく使われ、 «多长时间» は少しフォーマルで、書き言葉や丁寧な質問で好まれます。
いいえ。時間（个小时）や月（个月）には «个» が必要ですが、年（年）や日（天）には «个» を使いません。分（分钟）も通常は不要です。
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