B1 · 中級 チャプター 3

Organizing Actions and Sequences

5 トータルルール
52 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the rhythm of your day by sequencing tasks and multitasking with ease.

  • Sequence daily events using professional timing structures.
  • Describe simultaneous activities with natural multitasking patterns.
  • Softens your requests to sound more polite and native.
Flow through your day with perfect Chinese rhythm.

学べること

Hey there, language explorer! Ready to level up your Chinese and sound incredibly natural? In this chapter, you're going to unlock the secrets to describing events in perfect order and even doing multiple things at once! No more fumbling when you want to tell a story or give instructions – we're making your conversations flow seamlessly. First up, we'll dive into the fundamental '先...然后/再' structures. Imagine wanting to tell your friend, 'First I'll finish my homework, then I'll go for a run.' These phrases will empower you to sequence your actions clearly, making your narratives easy to follow and your instructions precise. You'll move beyond simple sentences to craft more complex and coherent statements about what you do throughout your day. Next, we tackle the exciting world of multitasking! Ever wanted to say you 'listen to music while cooking' or 'study with the TV on'? We'll explore two crucial patterns: '一边...一边' for two intentional actions performed concurrently, and the versatile '着' (zhe) particle, which shows one action as the ongoing state or manner for another. Mastering these will let you paint vivid pictures of your daily life, making your Chinese sound dynamic and genuinely fluent. And for that touch of sophistication, we'll introduce 'V + 一 + V'. This clever structure allows you to soften your commands and make suggestions more politely. Instead of a direct 'Look!', you can say 'Have a quick look,' instantly making your speech warmer and more conversational. It's perfect for when you want to make a gentle request or offer a quick peek. By the end of this chapter, you won't just understand these rules; you'll wield them! You'll confidently recount your day, give clear directions, elegantly multitask, and make polite requests – all with the natural rhythm of a native speaker. Get ready to transform your Chinese and express yourself with newfound clarity and charm!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Recount a complex morning routine using sequential and simultaneous structures.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey there, language explorer! Ready to level up your Chinese and sound incredibly natural? Welcome to this crucial chapter on Chinese grammar B1, where you'll unlock the secrets to organizing actions and sequences.
Mastering these structures is key to moving beyond simple sentences and expressing yourself with the fluidity and coherence of a native speaker. Whether you're recounting your day, giving instructions, or simply describing what you're doing, these patterns will make your conversations flow seamlessly. We'll explore how to clearly sequence events, effortlessly describe multitasking, and even make your requests more polite, helping you tell compelling stories and engage more deeply in discussions.
This guide is designed to make your Chinese language learning journey both effective and engaging.
At the B1 CEFR level, it's not just about knowing words, but about connecting ideas. This chapter specifically targets how you structure your narratives, from
first this, then that
to
doing two things at once.
We’ll delve into fundamental structures like 先...然后/再 for ordering events, and 一边...一边 and the versatile 着 particle for simultaneous actions. You'll also discover the elegant V + 一 + V pattern to add a touch of politeness and tentativeness to your speech.
By the end, you won't just understand these rules; you'll wield them confidently to express complex ideas and truly elevate your Chinese communication skills.

How This Grammar Works

Let's dive into the core mechanics of organizing actions in Chinese! First up, for sequencing actions, we use 先...然后/再 (xiān... ránhòu/zài), meaning "first...
then...". 先 always comes before the first action, and 然后 or 再 precedes the subsequent action. 然后 implies a natural progression, while 再 often suggests a future action, sometimes with a slight emphasis on waiting for the first action to complete.
For example: 我先吃饭，然后去图书馆。(Wǒ xiān chīfàn, ránhòu qù túshūguǎn.) (First I'll eat, then I'll go to the library.)
Next, for multitasking, we have two key patterns. The first is 一边...一边 (yìbiān...yìbiān), which explicitly states two intentional actions happening at the same time. Both actions usually have similar importance.
For example: 他一边听音乐，一边做作业。(Tā yìbiān tīng yīnyuè, yìbiān zuò zuòyè.) (He listens to music while doing homework.) The second pattern uses the versatile particle 着 (zhe) after a verb. This indicates that one action is the ongoing state or manner for another action. The action with 着 often describes the background or how the main action is performed.
For instance: 她站着看书。(Tā zhànzhe kànshū.) (She reads standing up.) Here, standing is the state while reading is the main action.
Finally, to add a touch of politeness or suggest a brief, tentative action, we use the structure V + 一 + V (verb + yī + verb). This softens a direct command or request. Instead of a blunt Look!, you can say: 你看一看。(Nǐ kàn yī kàn.) (Have a quick look.) This structure is perfect for making suggestions or requests sound warmer and more conversational, making your B1 Chinese sound much more natural and charming.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 我先学习，再看电影了。
✓ Correct: 我先学习，然后看电影。 (Wǒ xiān xuéxí, ránhòu kàn diànyǐng.)
*Explanation:* While 再 can mean then, 然后 is generally preferred for a sequence of completed or planned actions. 再 often implies again or later after something else, and using 了 with 再 in this context can be confusing. Stick to 然后 for clear sequential first...then statements.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 他笑着听音乐。
✓ Correct: 他一边听音乐，一边笑。(Tā yìbiān tīng yīnyuè, yìbiān xiào.)
*Explanation:* 着 indicates one action is the manner or state for another. Smiling is the manner of listening, but if both listening and smiling are intentional, parallel actions, 一边...一边 is more appropriate. If smiling is just his state while listening, then «他笑着听音乐» would be correct, but the nuance is different. For two distinct, simultaneous *intentional* actions, use 一边...一边.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 我们吃一吃饭吧。
✓ Correct: 我们吃一吃。(Wǒmen chī yī chī.) or 我们吃点儿饭吧。(Wǒmen chī diǎnr fàn ba.)
*Explanation:* The V + 一 + V structure doesn't typically take an object directly after the second verb. If you want to suggest eating a *meal*, you'd either say 吃一吃 (have a quick bite) or specify the object (e.g., 吃点儿饭). The 一 is specifically for the verb's briefness, not for the object.

Real Conversations

A

A

你周末有什么计划？(Nǐ zhōumò yǒu shénme jìhuà?) (What are your plans for the weekend?)
B

B

我先去图书馆还书，然后去咖啡馆见朋友。(Wǒ xiān qù túshūguǎn huán shū, ránhòu qù kāfēiguǎn jiàn péngyǒu.) (First I'll go to the library to return books, then I'll go to the cafe to meet a friend.)
A

A

你喜欢怎么学习？(Nǐ xǐhuān zěnme xuéxí?) (How do you like to study?)
B

B

我喜欢一边听轻音乐，一边复习生词。(Wǒ xǐhuān yìbiān tīng qīng yīnyuè, yìbiān fùxí shēngcí.) (I like listening to light music while reviewing new vocabulary.)
A

A

这个新电影怎么样？(Zhège xīn diànyǐng zěnmeyàng?) (How's this new movie?)
B

B

我还没看。我们看一看预告片吧？(Wǒ hái méi kàn. Wǒmen kàn yī kàn yùgàopiàn ba?) (I haven't seen it yet. Shall we have a quick look at the trailer?)

Quick FAQ

Q

Can I use 再 instead of 然后 in 先...然后?

Yes, you can often use 再 instead of 然后 for sequential actions, especially if the second action is yet to happen or implies a slight pause. 然后 is more about a natural flow, while 再 can emphasize after that or then again.

Q

What's the main difference between 一边...一边 and using 着 for simultaneous actions?

一边...一边 is for two equally important, intentional actions happening at the same time (e.g., singing *and* dancing). 着 indicates one action is an ongoing state or manner for another main action (e.g., *standing* while singing).

Q

Is V + 一 + V always polite?

It generally softens a request or suggests a brief, tentative action, making it sound more polite and less direct than a simple verb. It implies

have a quick/little/try to...

Q

Can these structures be combined in a single sentence?

Absolutely! For example, you could say: 我先看一看那个菜单，然后再点菜。(Wǒ xiān kàn yī kàn nàgè càidān, ránhòu zài diǎncài.) (First I'll have a quick look at the menu, then I'll order.)

Cultural Context

In Chinese communication, clarity and politeness are highly valued. Using 先...然后/再 helps structure narratives logically, which is essential for clear storytelling and giving instructions. The 一边...一边 and 着 patterns allow for rich, descriptive language, painting vivid pictures of daily life or activities.
Furthermore, the V + 一 + V structure is a subtle but powerful tool for showing consideration. It's often used in daily interactions to soften requests or suggestions, reflecting a cultural emphasis on indirectness and respect. Mastering these B1 Chinese grammar points will significantly enhance your ability to sound natural and culturally appropriate.

ヒントとコツ (4)

⚠️

「お先に」の罠

英語の 'I'll go first' につられて «我走先» と言わないように！中国語では必ず «我先走» と動詞の前に置きます。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: まず...それから... (先...然后/再)
⚠️

文末の罠に注意！

「お先に！」を英語風に «我去先» と言いたくなるけど、中国語では «我先去» (wǒ xiān qù) と動詞の前に置くよ。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動作の順序：まず〜、それから〜 (xiān... ránhòu...)
🎯

「背景」のルール

最初の動詞を消しても文が成立するなら「着」を使います。より詳しく様子を伝えたい時に便利ですよ： «他拿着报纸看。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 2つのことを同時にする：助詞「着 (zhe)」（同時動作）
🎯

「側」のイメージで覚える

「一边」は漢字で「片側」という意味。右側でご飯、左側でテレビ、みたいにイメージして！ «我一边吃饭一边看电视。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語のマルチタスク：同時の動作 (yìbiān...yìbiān)

重要な語彙 (5)

先 (xiān) first 然后 (ránhòu) then 一边 (yìbiān) at the same time 着 (zhe) aspect particle 看一下 (kàn yí xià) take a look

Real-World Preview

coffee

A Productive Morning

Review Summary

  • 先 + A, 然后 + B
  • 一边 + A, 一边 + B
  • V + 一 + V

よくある間違い

Do not repeat the subject after '然后'. It makes the sentence sound robotic.

Wrong: 我先吃饭，我然后看书。
正解: 我先吃饭，然后看书。

The '一边' markers must come before the verbs.

Wrong: 我听音乐一边，吃早饭一边。
正解: 我一边听音乐，一边吃早饭。

You cannot add '一' if you already have '请' or other markers in certain contexts, keep it simple.

Wrong: 请看一看书。
正解: 请看看书。

Next Steps

You've done amazing work! Keep practicing these sequences, and you'll be speaking like a native in no time.

Write a 5-sentence summary of your day

Continue to: Making Comparisons

クイック練習 (3)

同時進行を表す正しい言葉を空欄に入れてね。

{我|wǒ} ___ {做|zuò}{饭|fàn} ___ {听|tīng}{歌|gē}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 一边, 一边
「做饭」と「听歌」はどちらも動作（動詞）なので、「一边...一边」が正解だよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語のマルチタスク：同時の動作 (yìbiān...yìbiān)

このマルチタスクの文章の間違いを見つけて直してね。

Find and fix the mistake:

{我|wǒ}{看|kàn}{电视|diànshì}{一边|yìbiān}{吃|chī}{零食|língshí}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我|wǒ}{一边|yìbiān}{看|kàn}{电视|diànshì}{一边|yìbiān}{吃|chī}{零食|língshí}。
このパターンでは、*両方*の動作の前に「一边」を置く必要があるんだよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語のマルチタスク：同時の動作 (yìbiān...yìbiān)

人の特徴や状態を説明するのに正しい文章はどれかな？

正しい文章を選んでね：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {他|tā}{又|yòu}{聪明|cōngmíng}{又|yòu}{努力|nǔlì}。
「聪明（賢い）」と「努力（努力家）」は形容詞だから、「一边」ではなく「又...又」を使うのがルールだよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語のマルチタスク：同時の動作 (yìbiān...yìbiān)

Score: /3

よくある質問 (6)

はい！英語の 'And then...' のように、次に何を言うか考えている時に «然后呢？» (それで？) とよく使われます。
「再」はこれからすること、「又」はすでに起きたことに使います。«先吃饭再走» (食べてから行く) は未来の話です。
もちろん！「それから〜」という意味で単独でも使えるよ。でも «先» をセットにすると、より整理された印象になるね。«然后呢？» (それから？) と聞き返す時にも便利。
«然后» は「そのあとで」という動作をつなぐ接続詞。«以后» は「〜のあと（時間的）」という名詞的な役割が強いよ。接続詞として「Aして、Bする」なら «然后» が正解。
いいえ。「座る」「持つ」のように状態が続く動詞に合います。「ジャンプする」のような一瞬の動作には «笑着» のように使いません。
「在」は今まさに動いている動作、 「着」はそのままの状態が続いていることを表します。 «他在穿衣服»（服を着ている最中） vs «他穿着衣服»（服を着た状態）です。
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