B1 · 中級 チャプター 4

Making Comparisons

5 トータルルール
50 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of comparing everything from prices to skills like a native speaker.

  • Express equality and differences between two objects.
  • Describe how things change over time automatically.
  • Compare how well people perform specific actions.
Beyond 'good' and 'bad': Adding nuance to your Chinese.

学べること

Hey, smart B1 learner! Ready to kick your Chinese up a notch and sound truly native? This chapter is tailor-made for you! Here, you'll master the art of comparing things, exactly like native Chinese speakers do. No more just saying 'this thing is good'; soon, you'll be able to say 'this thing is as good as that thing' or 'this one is better than that one,' adding incredible nuance to your conversations. We'll start with 跟...一样 to express exact sameness, like 'This phone is just like the new one.' Then, if things aren't identical, 跟...不一样 will let you clearly state 'No, these two are absolutely not the same!' And for those moments when things are close but not quite, 差不多 will help you say 'It's almost the same.' Imagine using this while shopping: 'This price is almost the same as that one.' Next, we dive into the exciting world of changes! With 越来越, you'll learn how to express something 'getting more and more' or 'less and less' over time. For instance, 'My Chinese reading is getting better day by day!' or 'The weather is getting colder and colder.' Finally, we reach the star of the chapter: comparing actions using 比 + 得. This is key to sounding natural! You'll be able to say 'He swims better than me' or 'You drive more carefully than I do.' By the end of this chapter, your sentences won't be bland or simplistic. You'll confidently be able to highlight subtle differences and similarities, describe ongoing changes, and even compliment others on their skills. Your conversations are going to become much more natural and engaging! All these skills are super useful in daily chats, shopping, talking with friends, or even describing movies and TV shows. Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 跟...一样(gēn...yíyàng) to identify identical features in two objects.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Apply 差不多(chàbuduō) to describe items that are nearly identical.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Construct complex sentences comparing performance using the 比...得(bǐ...de) structure.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey there, B1 Chinese grammar superstar! Ready to level up your language skills and start sounding genuinely natural? This chapter is your golden ticket to mastering making comparisons in Chinese.
Forget basic sentences; we're diving deep into the nuances that let you express subtle similarities, clear differences, and exciting changes, just like native Chinese speakers. Understanding these patterns isn't just about passing a test; it’s about unlocking richer, more engaging conversations in real life.
At the B1 CEFR level, you're moving beyond survival phrases and starting to articulate more complex ideas. This guide will equip you with the tools to describe how things are alike, how they differ, and how they are evolving. Whether you're discussing the weather, comparing products while shopping, or simply chatting about your day, these structures are incredibly versatile and essential.
By the end, you'll effortlessly compare actions, qualities, and states, adding a sophisticated layer to your Chinese communication.
From stating exact sameness to highlighting gradual changes and even comparing how well people perform actions, this chapter covers it all. Get ready to transform your expressions from simple statements to vivid descriptions, making your Chinese sound more polished and authentic. Let's dive into these powerful Chinese grammar structures!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces several key patterns for making comparisons in Chinese, building your ability to describe the world with greater precision. First up, for expressing exact sameness, we use 跟...一样 (gēn...yīyàng). The structure is typically A 跟 B 一样 (adjective/verb), meaning
A is as [adjective/verb] as B.
For example, 她的手机跟我的一样新 (Tā de shǒujī gēn wǒ de yīyàng xīn - Her phone is as new as mine).
When things aren't identical, 跟...不一样 (gēn...bùyīyàng) comes in handy. It follows the same structure: A 跟 B 不一样 (adjective/verb), meaning
A is not as [adjective/verb] as B
or simply
A is different from B.
For instance, 这本书跟那本书不一样 (Zhè běn shū gēn nà běn shū bù yīyàng - This book is different from that book).
When things are close but not quite the same, 差不多 (chàbuduō) is your go-to phrase. It can be used alone to mean almost or about, or in a comparison like A 跟 B 差不多, meaning
A is almost the same as B.
For example, 我们的想法差不多 (Wǒmen de xiǎngfǎ chàbuduō - Our ideas are almost the same). To describe ongoing changes, we use 越来越 (yuèláiyuè), which means more and more or less and less. The structure is Subject + 越来越 + Adjective/Verb.
You might say, 我的中文越来越好 (Wǒ de Zhōngwén yuèláiyuè hǎo - My Chinese is getting better and better). Finally, for comparing actions, we use the advanced pattern 比 + 得 (bǐ + de). This is crucial for saying someone
does something better than
someone else.
The structure is A 比 B + Verb + 得 + Adverbial Complement. For example, 他游泳比我游得快 (Tā yóuyǒng bǐ wǒ yóu de kuài - He swims faster than me). This allows you to compare the *manner* or *result* of an action.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 他比我跑快。 (Tā bǐ wǒ pǎo kuài.)
✓ Correct: 他比我跑得快。 (Tā bǐ wǒ pǎo de kuài.)
*Explanation:* When comparing actions using 比 (bǐ), you must use the structural particle 得 (de) after the verb and before the adverbial complement (e.g., 快 - fast) to describe *how* the action is performed. Omitting 得 is a common error for B1 Chinese learners.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 天气越来越很冷。 (Tiānqì yuèláiyuè hěn lěng.)
✓ Correct: 天气越来越冷。 (Tiānqì yuèláiyuè lěng.)
*Explanation:* The phrase 越来越 (yuèláiyuè) already implies an increasing degree, so adverbs like 很 (hěn), 非常 (fēicháng), or 特别 (tèbié) are unnecessary and grammatically incorrect when used directly before the adjective.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 我的书跟你的书一样。 (Wǒ de shū gēn nǐ de shū yīyàng.) (Intending to say
    My book is as interesting as yours.
    )
✓ Correct: 我的书跟你的书一样有意思。 (Wǒ de shū gēn nǐ de shū yīyàng yǒuyìsi.)
*Explanation:* While «我的书跟你的书一样» can mean
My book is the same as yours
(in terms of identity), if you want to compare a specific quality (like interesting), you must explicitly state that quality after 一样 (yīyàng).

Real Conversations

A

A

你觉得这件衣服怎么样？ (Nǐ juéde zhè jiàn yīfu zěnmeyàng? - What do you think of this piece of clothing?)
B

B

颜色跟上次那件不一样，但是款式差不多。 (Yánsè gēn shàngcì nà jiàn bù yīyàng, dànshì kuǎnshì chàbuduō. - The color is different from the last one, but the style is almost the same.)
A

A

你的中文越来越流利了！ (Nǐ de Zhōngwén yuèláiyuè liúlì le! - Your Chinese is getting more and more fluent!)
B

B

谢谢！我每天都练习。你发音比我说得好。 (Xièxie! Wǒ měitiān dōu liànxí. Nǐ fāyīn bǐ wǒ shuō de hǎo. - Thanks! I practice every day. Your pronunciation is better than mine.)
A

A

这家餐厅的菜跟我们上次去的那家一样好吃吗？ (Zhè jiā cāntīng de cài gēn wǒmen shàngcì qù de nà jiā yīyàng hǎochī ma? - Is the food at this restaurant as delicious as the one we went to last time?)
B

B

嗯，我觉得这里的服务比那家做得更好，菜也差不多。 (Èn, wǒ juéde zhèlǐ de fúwù bǐ nà jiā zuò de gèng hǎo, cài yě chàbuduō. - Hmm, I think the service here is better than that place, and the food is almost the same.)

Quick FAQ

Q

Can I use 和 (hé) instead of 跟 (gēn) for comparison structures like as...as?

Yes! 和 and 跟 are largely interchangeable in this context, both meaning and or with/to. So, A 和 B 一样 is also perfectly correct for B1 Chinese learners.

Q

What's the main difference between 差不多 (chàbuduō) and 一样 (yīyàng)?

一样 means exactly the same or identical, while 差不多 means almost the same, similar, or approximately. 差不多 implies a slight difference or a close resemblance, not perfect identity.

Q

Is 越来越 (yuèláiyuè) only used for positive changes in Chinese grammar?

No, 越来越 can describe both positive and negative changes. For example, «天气越来越冷» (Tiānqì yuèláiyuè lěng - The weather is getting colder and colder) describes a negative change (if you dislike cold).

Q

When should I *not* use 得 (de) with 比 (bǐ)?

You only use 得 (de) when comparing *actions* (Verb + 得 + Complement). If you're simply comparing qualities (e.g.,

A is taller than B
), you use the simpler A 比 B + Adjective structure, without 得. For example, 他比我高 (Tā bǐ wǒ gāo - He is taller than me).

Cultural Context

These comparison patterns are deeply embedded in daily Chinese conversations. Using 跟...一样 and 差不多 can be a polite way to agree or show common ground, while 越来越 is fantastic for describing progress or changes in a nuanced way. The 比 + 得 structure for comparing actions is particularly important for sounding natural, as it's how Chinese speakers express skill differences without sounding abrupt.
Mastering these shows not just grammatical proficiency but also a deeper understanding of how to express subtle shades of meaning, crucial for genuine interaction.

ヒントとコツ (4)

⚠️

形容詞の位置に注意！

英語の 'as tall as' につられて形容詞を前に出さないで。中国語では「同じくらい高い」の順で並べます。 «他跟我一样高。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語での比較（同じ）：〜と同じくらい (跟...一样)
⚠️

動詞 '是' はお休み

英語の 'is' を訳して «是» を入れちゃダメ。中国語では主語と中身を直接つなぐのがルールだよ。«他跟我不一样。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 違いを表現する：跟...不一样（〜と同じではない）
💡

動詞のサンドイッチ

目的語（本やボールなど）がある時は、動詞で目的語をサンドイッチしましょう。«看书看得» のように繰り返して。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動作の比較：私の方が上手い！ ({比|bǐ} + {得|de})
💡

語尾に「了」をつけて自然に！

必須ではありませんが、文末に「了」をつけると「変化が起きた」という実感がこもって、よりネイティブらしく聞こえます。 «天气越来越冷了。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 変化の表現：「ますます」を表す`越来越` (yuèláiyuè)

重要な語彙 (6)

手机(shǒujī) mobile phone 价格(jiàgé) price 变化(biànhuà) change 水平(shuǐpíng) level/standard 提高(tígāo) to improve/to raise 习惯(xíguàn) habit / to be used to

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

Shopping for Electronics

languages

Talking about Language Progress

Review Summary

  • A 跟 B 一样 (+ Adj)
  • A 跟 B 不一样
  • A (跟 B) 差不多
  • 越来越 + Adj/Verb
  • A 比 B + Verb + 得 + Adj

よくある間違い

In a comparison using '比', you cannot use '很' before the adjective because '比' already implies a degree of difference.

Wrong: 他比我很高。(Tā bǐ wǒ hěn gāo.)
正解: 他比我高。(Tā bǐ wǒ gāo.)

You cannot put an adjective after '不一样' like you can with '一样'. Instead, state the property (price, size) as the subject.

Wrong: 我的手机跟你的不一样贵。(Wǒ de shǒujī gēn nǐ de bù yíyàng guì.)
正解: 我的手机跟你的价格不一样。(Wǒ de shǒujī gēn nǐ de jiàgé bù yíyàng.)

When comparing how an action is performed, you must use the structural particle '得' to link the verb to the adjective.

Wrong: 他比我写快。(Tā bǐ wǒ xiě kuài.)
正解: 他比我写得快。(Tā bǐ wǒ xiě de kuài.)

このチャプターのルール (5)

1

中国語での比較（同じ）：〜と同じくらい (跟...一样)

B1
「AはBと同じ」と言いたい時は «跟...一样» を使い、形容詞を足すなら最後に添えるだけ。ニュアンス調整には «不一样» や «差不多» が便利です。
我这张照片跟你的那张一样好看。
10 例文
2

違いを表現する：跟...不一样（〜と同じではない）

B1
勝ち負けを決めずに、2つのものが「別物だよ」と中立に伝える魔法のフレーズ «跟...不一样» を使いこなそう！
This dish is not the same as that dish.
10 例文
3

動作の比較：私の方が上手い！ ({比|bǐ} + {得|de})

B1
動作のレベルを比べる時は «得» が接着剤になります。強調したいなら文末に «多了» を使いましょう。
You reply to messages faster than me.
10 例文
4

変化の表現：「ますます」を表す`越来越` (yuèláiyuè)

B1
「越来越」を使えば、時間の流れとともに状態が変わる「ますます」や「だんだん」といったニュアンスをバッチリ表現できます。
夏天的天气越来越热了。
10 例文
5

中国語の比較：差不多 (chàbuduō) で「だいたい同じ」を表現する

B1
「だいたい同じ」や「もうすぐ」というニュアンスを伝える «差不多» は、日常会話の潤滑油になります。
这两个颜色的口红看起来差不多。
10 例文

Next Steps

You've just added a massive amount of descriptive power to your Chinese! Being able to compare things is a hallmark of the B1 level. Keep practicing these structures, and you'll sound more natural every day.

Go to a grocery store or website and compare the prices and sizes of two similar items in Chinese.

Write three sentences about how your Chinese skills have changed since you started.

Continue to: Mastering Result and Experience

クイック練習 (3)

次の文の間違いを見つけてください。

{我|Wǒ} {睡|shuì} {得|de} {比|bǐ} {你|nǐ} {晚|wǎn} {很|hěn} {多|duō}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {很|hěn} を取る
比較の文の中で «很» は使えません。「ずっと遅い」と言いたい時は、文末の «多» だけで十分です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動作の比較：私の方が上手い！ ({比|bǐ} + {得|de})

「彼は私より速く走る」という意味になるように空欄を埋めてください。

{他|Tā} {跑|pǎo} ___ {比|bǐ} {我|wǒ} {快|kuài}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {得|de}
動詞の後に程度や結果を表す «得» を置いて、比較の形を作ります。«的» は所有、«地» は副詞を作る時に使うので注意！

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動作の比較：私の方が上手い！ ({比|bǐ} + {得|de})

中国語を話すレベルを比較する文として、正しいのはどれ？

正しい構造を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {他|Tā} {说|shuō} {中文|zhōngwén} {说|shuō} {得|de} {比|bǐ} {我|wǒ} {好|hǎo}。
目的語（中文）がある場合は、動詞（说）を繰り返してから «得» を付けるのが正しいルールです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動作の比較：私の方が上手い！ ({比|bǐ} + {得|de})

Score: /3

よくある質問 (6)

基本は「A 跟 B 一样」（AはBと同じ）です。具体的な性質を加えたいなら、最後に形容詞を足して「A 跟 B 一样 + 形容詞」にします。 «他跟我一样高。»
はい、全く問題ありません。「和」の方が少しだけフォーマルですが、日常会話では「跟」がよく使われます。 «我和你一样。»
直訳すると「AはBと一緒ではない」となります。自然な日本語では「AはBと違う」という意味になります。«这个跟那个不一样。»
はい、もちろんです！どちらも同じように使えます。会話では «跟» がよく使われ、書き言葉では «和» が好まれる傾向があります。
中国語の動詞と形容詞を直接つなぐことはできないからです。«得» は「その動作がどんな風に行われたか」を説明するための接着剤です。
いいえ。英語の 'faster than me' とは違い、中国語では比較対象を文の途中に挟む必要があります。«比» を最後に置くと不自然です。
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