A1 · 初級 チャプター 20

Timing and Sequence

5 トータルルール
52 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the rhythm of Chinese by placing time words correctly and sequencing your daily actions naturally.

  • Identify and use common time words like today, tomorrow, and now.
  • Apply the 'Golden Rule' of Chinese word order to avoid sounding like a foreigner.
  • Describe sequences of events and perfectly-timed interruptions using specific adverbs.
Time is on your side: Master the flow of Chinese.

学べること

Hey friend! Ready for another exciting journey? This chapter is going to teach you how to talk about time in Chinese. Don't worry, it's much easier than you think! Here, you'll learn how to say today, tomorrow, or now when you do something, and more importantly, how to place them correctly in a sentence. We have a golden rule: always state when (time) first, and then what happened (action). Your sentences will never sound awkward again! Next, we'll dive into how to say you'll do something again or how to describe sequential events (for example,

first I do this, then that
). In daily life, things often happen just now or immediately, right? With «刚» (gāng) and «就» (jiù), you'll learn how to convey exactly this feeling in Chinese. And the best part? You'll learn how to complain about perfectly timed interruptions and funny nuisances like a true native Chinese speaker! For instance,
Just as I sat down to eat, my phone rang!
By the time you finish this chapter, you'll be able to plan your activities more easily, describe your daily events, and even grumble about coincidences like a genuine Chinese speaker from Tehran! Ready to start? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Correctly identify and translate basic Chinese time nouns.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Construct sentences where the time word is placed before the verb every time.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Request someone to do something again using 'Zài' (再).
  4. 4
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'Gāng' (刚) and 'Jiù' (就) to describe the timing of recent or immediate actions.
  5. 5
    By the end you will be able to: Complain about a bad coincidence using the 'Gāng... Jiù...' (刚...就...) pattern.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome, language adventurer! Ready to master one of the most practical aspects of A1 Chinese grammar? In this exciting chapter, we're diving deep into timing and sequence – how to talk about *when* things happen and the order of events.
This isn't just about memorizing words; it's about unlocking fluid, natural conversations. Whether you're planning your day, recounting a story, or simply stating what you're doing now, understanding these concepts is absolutely crucial for any beginner.
Learning to correctly place time words like 今天 (jīntiān - today) or 明天 (míngtiān - tomorrow) is a cornerstone of effective communication in Chinese. You'll discover our Golden Rule which simplifies sentence structure immensely, making your sentences sound authentic from day one. This guide is designed to make these Chinese grammar patterns intuitive, helping you move past simply understanding words to truly expressing yourself like a native.
By the end of this chapter, you won't just be able to say I eat or I go; you'll be able to say
I eat today
or "I'll go tomorrow," and even describe a series of events or those perfectly timed interruptions. This A1 Chinese skill will dramatically boost your confidence and open up a whole new world of expression, making your language journey much more engaging and rewarding.

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down the core mechanics of timing and sequence in A1 Chinese. First up are the essential Chinese Time Words. You'll often use 今天 (jīntiān - today), 明天 (míngtiān - tomorrow), 昨天 (zuótiān - yesterday), and 现在 (xiànzài - now).
* 我今天去学校。 (Wǒ jīntiān qù xuéxiào. - I today go to school.)
* 他现在吃饭。 (Tā xiànzài chīfàn. - He now eats.)
This leads us directly to the Golden Rule: Time Before Verb. In Chinese, the time expression almost always comes *before* the verb or predicate. It's a fundamental difference from English and key to sounding natural.
* ✗ 我去学校今天。 (Incorrect - Time after verb)
* ✓ 我今天去学校。 (Wǒ jīntiān qù xuéxiào. - I today go to school.)
Next, let's talk about Doing things again with Zài (再). When you want to say you'll do something again in the future, you use 再 (zài). It's placed before the verb.
* 我们明天再来。 (Wǒmen míngtiān zài lái. - We tomorrow again come.) (We'll come again tomorrow.)
* 请再说一次。 (Qǐng zài shuō yī cì. - Please again say one time.) (Please say it again.)
Now, for Just & Then: Using 刚 (gāng) and 就 (jiù) for Timing. 刚 (gāng) means just now or a moment ago, indicating something happened very recently. It typically goes before the verb.
* 他刚到。 (Tā gāng dào. - He just arrived.)
就 (jiù) can mean then, immediately, or precisely, often implying promptness or a natural consequence.
* 你来，我就走。 (Nǐ lái, wǒ jiù zǒu. - You come, I then leave.) (As soon as you come, I'll leave.)
Finally, we combine these for Expressing Interruption: I *Just* Did X When Y Happened (刚...就...). This pattern is perfect for those
just as I was about to...
moments. You use 刚 to describe the first action, and 就 for the second, often unexpected, action.
* 我刚出门就下雨了。 (Wǒ gāng chūmén jiù xià yǔ le. - I just went out when it rained.)
* 她刚坐下就接到了电话。 (Tā gāng zuò xià jiù jiē dào le diànhuà. - She just sat down when she received a call.)
Mastering these A1 Chinese structures will make your conversations much more precise and lively!

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 我去商店今天。 (Wǒ qù shāngdiàn jīntiān.)
✓ Correct: 我今天去商店。 (Wǒ jīntiān qù shāngdiàn.) (I today go to the store.)
*Explanation:* In Chinese, time words like 今天 (jīntiān - today) almost always come *before* the verb, not after. Always state *when* before *what happened*.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 我们明天来再。 (Wǒmen míngtiān lái zài.)
✓ Correct: 我们明天再来。 (Wǒmen míngtiān zài lái.) (We tomorrow again come.)
*Explanation:* The word 再 (zài - again/then) should be placed *before* the verb it modifies. Think of it as tomorrow again come rather than tomorrow come again.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 我刚到就下雨了。 (Wǒ gāng dào jiù xià yǔ le.) (Said when you just arrived, and then it rained later, not immediately.)
✓ Correct: 我刚到的时候，下雨了。 (Wǒ gāng dào de shíhou, xià yǔ le.) (When I just arrived, it rained.) OR 我到了，就下雨了。 (Wǒ dào le, jiù xià yǔ le.) (I arrived, then it rained.)
*Explanation:* The 刚...就... (gāng...jiù...) structure implies that the second action happened *immediately* after the first, often unexpectedly. If there was a slight delay or it's not an immediate consequence, you might use a different structure like ...的时候 (...de shíhou - when...) or simply ...，就... for a sequence.

Real Conversations

A

A

你今天去哪里？ (Nǐ jīntiān qù nǎlǐ? - Where are you going today?)
B

B

我今天去图书馆。 (Wǒ jīntiān qù túshūguǎn. - I today go to the library.)
A

A

这个电影很好看，我们明天再看一次吧？ (Zhège diànyǐng hěn hǎokàn, wǒmen míngtiān zài kàn yī cì ba? - This movie is very good, shall we tomorrow again watch one time?)
B

B

好啊，我明天再给你打电话。 (Hǎo a, wǒ míngtiān zài gěi nǐ dǎ diànhuà. - Okay, I tomorrow again to you call phone.)
A

A

你刚到家吗？ (Nǐ gāng dào jiā ma? - You just arrived home?)
B

B

是啊，我刚到家就收到你的信息了！ (Shì a, wǒ gāng dào jiā jiù shōu dào nǐ de xìnxī le! - Yes, I just arrived home when I received your message!)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the most important rule for placing time words in Chinese sentences for A1 Chinese learners?

The Golden Rule is key: time words like 今天 (jīntiān - today) or 现在 (xiànzài - now) almost always come *before* the verb in a sentence.

Q

Can 再 (zài) be used for actions that happened again in the past?

No, 再 (zài) is specifically used for actions that will happen again in the future. For past actions, you would typically use 又 (yòu).

Q

Is the 刚...就... (gāng...jiù...) structure common in daily Chinese grammar?

Absolutely! It's a very common and natural way to describe immediate sequences or coincidences, especially for those

just as X happened, Y immediately followed
situations.

Q

How do I say just now in Chinese?

You can use 刚 (gāng) before the verb, like 他刚走 (Tā gāng zǒu - He just left).

Cultural Context

Chinese conversation values clarity and directness, especially regarding timing and sequence. The placement of time words right at the beginning of the action emphasizes *when* before *what*. The 刚...就... (gāng...jiù...) structure is a fantastic example of how Chinese captures precise timing and cause-and-effect in a concise way.
It's frequently used in daily life to describe minor frustrations, amusing coincidences, or simply quick transitions, making your speech sound very natural and relatable to native speakers. This directness is a hallmark of A1 Chinese communication.

重要な例文 (4)

1

Wǒ zhōumò chángcháng kàn Netflix.

週末はよくNetflixを見ます。

鉄則：時間は動詞の前 (Time Before Verb)
2

Lǎobǎn xiàwǔ sān diǎn yào kāihuì.

ボスは今日の午後3時に会議をしたがっています。

鉄則：時間は動詞の前 (Time Before Verb)
3

我现在去学校。

今、学校に行きます。

中国語の時間単語：今日、明日、今
4

明天早上我喝咖啡。

明日の朝、コーヒーを飲みます。

中国語の時間単語：今日、明日、今

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

状況設定の黄金律

中国語はまず「いつ」という背景を伝えないと、相手はアクションをイメージできません。 «我明天去北京。» のように時間を先に言いましょう。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 鉄則：時間は動詞の前 (Time Before Verb)
🎯

「いつ・何をする」のルール

中国語では、アクションを起こす*前*に時間をセットすることを忘れないで。もし動詞を先に言っちゃいそうになったら、時間を前に持ってくるように意識しましょう：«我明天喝咖啡。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語の時間単語：今日、明日、今
💡

「あとで」の裏技

「また後で話そう」や「様子を見よう」と言いたい時は «再说» を使ってみて。返事をちょっと保留したい時にも便利なフレーズだよ。 «我们以後再説。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Zài (再) を使って動作を繰り返す
💡

位置が一番大事！

«刚» は必ず主語と動詞の間に置きます。英語の 'Just now' みたいに文の最初には置けません。 «我刚到。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「たった今」と「すぐに」：刚 (gāng) と 就 (jiù) の使い方

重要な語彙 (8)

今天(jīntiān) today 明天(míngtiān) tomorrow 现在(xiànzài) now 刚(gāng) just / just now 就(jiù) then / immediately / as soon as 再(zài) again (in the future) 吃饭(chīfàn) to eat a meal 电话(diànhuà) telephone / phone call

Real-World Preview

users

Meeting a Friend

phone-off

The Interrupted Dinner

Review Summary

  • 今天 (Today), 明天 (Tomorrow), 现在 (Now)
  • Subject + Time + Verb + Object
  • 再 (zài) + Verb
  • 刚 (gāng) + Verb / 就 (jiù) + Verb
  • Subj + 刚 (gāng) + Verb 1, Subj + 就 (jiù) + Verb 2

よくある間違い

English speakers often put the time at the end of the sentence. In Chinese, time must come before the verb.

Wrong: 我吃饭今天。(Wǒ chīfàn jīntiān.)
正解: 我今天吃饭。(Wǒ jīntiān chīfàn.)

The adverb 'zài' (again) must come before the verb it modifies, not at the end of the sentence.

Wrong: 我去看再。(Wǒ qù kàn zài.)
正解: 我再去看看。(Wǒ zài qù kànkan.)

'Gāng' (just) is an adverb and usually follows the subject. It shouldn't start the sentence like 'Yesterday' can.

Wrong: 刚我吃饭。(Gāng wǒ chīfàn.)
正解: 我刚吃饭。(Wǒ gāng chīfàn.)

Next Steps

You've just mastered one of the most important 'vibe' shifts in Chinese grammar. Once you get the time-before-verb rule down, you're halfway to fluency! Keep it up!

Keep a 3-sentence diary entry for today using 'jīntiān' and 'gāng'.

Practice saying 'We will talk again tomorrow' (Wǒmen míngtiān zài shuō) out loud.

Continue to: Advanced Sentence Patterns

クイック練習 (9)

この文章の間違いを見つけて直してください。

文：{我喝茶明天|wǒ hē chá míngtiān}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我明天喝茶|wǒ míngtiān hē chá}。
{明天|míngtiān}を文の最後に置くことはできません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語の時間単語：今日、明日、今

この文章の間違いを見つけて直してください。

{我们|Wǒmen} {见|jiàn} {面|miàn} {在|zài} {三点|sān diǎn}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我们|Wǒmen} {三点|sān diǎn} {见|jiàn} {面|miàn}。
「3時に」という時間を動詞「会う」の後ろに置くことはできません。前に移動させましょう。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 鉄則：時間は動詞の前 (Time Before Verb)

正しい語順になるように空欄を埋めてください。

私たちは明日行きます。 (我们 ____ )

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {明天|míngtiān} {去|qù}
時間（{明天|míngtiān}）は必ず動詞（{去|qù}）の前に来ます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 鉄則：時間は動詞の前 (Time Before Verb)

文法的に正しい文章を選んでください。

「私は7時に朝ごはんを食べます」の正しい訳は？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我|Wǒ} {七点|qī diǎn} {吃|chī} {早饭|zǎofàn}。
時刻（{七点|qī diǎn}）は主語の後、動詞の前に配置します。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 鉄則：時間は動詞の前 (Time Before Verb)

自然な「割り込み」の表現を選んでね。

正しい中国語はどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我刚出门，天就下雨了。
「刚」の直後に余計な「了」を入れず、「就」で繋いでいる1番が完璧です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動作の直後と中断：「〜したばかりなのに…」の表現 (刚...就...)

文法の間違いを見つけて直してね。

Find and fix the mistake:

刚我吃完饭，他就来了。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我刚吃完饭，他就来了。
副詞の「刚」は文の最初ではなく、主語「我」の後に置かなければなりません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動作の直後と中断：「〜したばかりなのに…」の表現 (刚...就...)

「たった今」を表す正しい言葉を選んでね。

我 ___ 到家，电话就响了。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 刚
「刚...就...」のパターンなので、動詞「到」の直前に置ける副詞の「刚」が正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動作の直後と中断：「〜したばかりなのに…」の表現 (刚...就...)

文法的に正しい文章はどれですか？

「明日北京に行きます」はどう言いますか？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我明天去北京|wǒ míngtiān qù běijīng}。
時間の単語{明天|míngtiān}は必ず動詞{去|qù}の前に置く必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語の時間単語：今日、明日、今

空欄に正しい時間の単語を入れてください。

私は今勉強しています：{我|wǒ} ___ {学习|xuéxí}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {现在|xiànzài}
{现在|xiànzài}は「今」を意味し、動詞{学习|xuéxí}の前に置きます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語の時間単語：今日、明日、今

Score: /9

よくある質問 (6)

中国語は「背景をセットしてからアクションを言う」言語だからです。まず「いつ」という舞台を設定します。 «我明天去。» のようにね。
話し言葉でうっかり忘れて付け足すことはありますが、文法的には間違いです。 «我吃饭七点。» は不自然に聞こえます。
動詞の前に置きます。主語の後でも文の最初でもOKですよ：«{我今天吃饭|wǒ jīntiān chīfàn}»。
いいえ、ダメです。«{现在|xiànzài}» は必ず動詞の前に置きます：«{我现在去|wǒ xiànzài qù}»。
両方の意味があるよ！動詞の前なら「また」、数字の前なら「もう〜」になるんだ。 «再吃» (また食べる)、 «再一个» (もう一つ)。
ダメだよ。すでに起きたことには «又» を使うルールなんだ。 «再» はこれから起きることに使おう。 «他昨天又来了。»
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Advanced Sentence Patterns
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