Chapter in 30 Seconds
Unlock complex thoughts and clear emphasis using sophisticated Chinese sentence structures.
- Highlight specific details about past events with precision.
- Express outcomes of actions and compare choices effectively.
- Navigate conversations by shifting and introducing new topics smoothly.
学べること
Hey friend! Ready to take your Chinese sentences up a notch? In this exciting chapter, we're going to learn how to speak more expressively and clearly, even as a beginner! Don't worry, these patterns are easier than you think! First, with «是...的,» you'll master emphasizing specific details about past events. Imagine saying,
I bought this shirt *yesterday*,putting a spotlight on the
yesterday. It's super practical for storytelling and clarifying facts.
Next, we dive into Result Complements, which precisely show if an action succeeded or not. Want to say, "I *didn't understand* the movie or I *finished* my meal? This structure clearly conveys the outcome. To combine two qualities or actions,既...又...
lets you elegantly say,This dish is *both delicious and healthy*!" And if you're offering advice between two choices, «与其...不如...» teaches you to say, "Rather than watching TV, it's better to read a book.
When you need to smoothly shift topics or introduce new ones,关于,« »有关,
and 对于" are your best friends. You'll learn to say, *Regarding this matter*, I think...and steer conversations with ease. Finally, discover the polite rhetorical «何必» for gently suggesting,
Why bother? or "It's not necessary!Like telling a friend,It's raining, *why bother* going out?" when they're about to leave. Get ready! After this chapter, your sentences will have more depth. You'll tell richer stories, express nuanced opinions, and navigate conversations like a pro. This is a huge step towards confident Chinese communication, and you've got this!
-
過去の出来事を強調する（是...的）過去の出来事の「いつ」「どこ」「誰」を強調したいなら、«是...的» のフレームに当てはめるだけでOKです！
-
トピックについて話す：「〜について」と「〜に関する」(关于, 有关)文の最初に置いて話題を切り出すなら «关于»、何かと何かの「関連性」を説明するなら «有关» を使いましょう。
-
AするよりBするほうがいい ({与其|yǔqí}...{不如|bùrú}...)「Aするくらいなら、Bしたほうがいい！」と言いたい時は «与其» と «不如» をセットで使いましょう。
-
結果補語：最後の最後で失敗する中国語の動詞は「やってみた」というアクションだけを表すよ。本当に成功したか失敗したかは、動詞の後ろに「結果」の言葉をプラスして伝えよう。大事なのは «看见» «听懂» «找到» の3つだよ！
-
「〜に関して」の表現：{对于|duìyú}の使い方「对于」を使って、特定のトピックにスポットライトを当てましょう！自分だけの意見を言う時は «对于» と «来说» をセットで使うのがコツです。
-
「〜に関しては」({至于|zhìyú}) を使った話題の転換話題を新しく切り替えたい時は、文の最初に «至于» を置くだけ！「〜については」や「〜に関しては」という «入り口» の役割をしてくれます。
-
フォーマルな「〜でもあり〜でもある」(既...又...)「既...又...」を使えば、2つの特徴をスマートに並べられます。«既...又...» で上品に、«既不...也不...» で「どちらでもない」を表現しましょう。
-
中国語の「なぜわざわざ〜するのか」: 何必 (hébì)「何必」を使って、「わざわざ〜しなくていいよ」という気持ちを伝えましょう。 «何必» （わざわざ）と «呢» （やわらかいニュアンス）をセットで使うのがコツです。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
-
1
By the end you will be able to: Use 'shi...de' to emphasize when, where, or how a past event occurred.
-
2
By the end you will be able to: Describe failed or completed actions using result complements.
-
3
By the end you will be able to: Evaluate two options and recommend the better choice using 'yuqi...buru'.
-
4
By the end you will be able to: Introduce and transition between different topics of conversation using 'guanyu' and 'zhiyu'.
チャプターガイド
Overview
Advanced patterns at A1? Is that even possible?Absolutely! These are not overly complex rules, but rather practical tools that native speakers use constantly.
advanced patterns feel intuitive and easy to integrate into your daily Chinese practice.How This Grammar Works
I came *yesterday*, highlighting the time.both... and... For instance, 这道菜既好吃又健康 (Zhè dào cài jì hǎochī yòu jiànkāng) means This dish is *both delicious and healthy*.When you need to suggest a better alternative, **与其...不如...
as for or regarding, smoothly shifting the conversation. 至于这件事，我们再谈 (Zhìyú zhè jiàn shì, wǒmen zài tán - As for this matter, let's talk again). When talking *about* a general subject, use 关于 (guānyú) or 有关 (yǒuguān).why bother? or "there's no need." 都下雨了，你何必出去呢？ (Dōu xiàyǔ le, nǐ hébì chūqù ne? - It's already raining, why bother going out?).
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: 我昨天来了。 (Wǒ zuótiān lái le.)
- 1✗ Wrong: 我不懂听。 (Wǒ bù dǒng tīng.)
after listening, Result Complements are essential. 没听懂 correctly conveysdidn't succeed in understanding by listening." 不懂听 is grammatically awkward and doesn't convey the same meaning.
- 1✗ Wrong: 我对于中国文化感兴趣。 (Wǒ duìyú Zhōngguó wénhuà gǎn xìngqù.)
regarding, it's usually followed by a subject or object that is being *considered* or *treated* in some way. For general topics or expressing interest *in* something, it's more common to use 对 (duì) or 关于 (guānyú). 关于 is better for introducing a general topic.
Real Conversations
A
(Who did you go to Beijing with?)
B
(I went with my mom.)
A
(Have you finished watching this movie?)
B
(Not yet, I haven't finished watching it.)
A
(Rather than ordering takeout at home, how about we cook ourselves?)
B
(Good idea! Cooking ourselves is both healthy and saves money.)
Quick FAQ
What's the main difference between 关于 (guānyú) and 对于 (duìyú) for an A1 Chinese learner?
关于 generally introduces a topic or subject (like about or concerning), while 对于 often precedes a person, thing, or situation that is being considered or reacted to (like regarding or in relation to).
Can I use 是...的 for present or future events in Chinese grammar?
No, 是...的 is specifically used to emphasize details about *past* actions or events. For present or future, you'd use different structures.
When should I use 何必 (hébì) instead of just saying "不要 (bù yào - don't want) or 没必要 (méi bìyào - no need)"?
何必 adds a rhetorical, slightly persuasive tone, suggesting why bother? or "it's not necessary, so don't do it." It implies the action is pointless or ill-advised, often softer than a direct command.
Cultural Context
重要な例文 (4)
{这个|zhège}{咖啡|kāfēi}{既|jì}{好喝|hǎohē}{又|yòu}{便宜|piányí}。
このコーヒーは美味しくて安いです。
フォーマルな「〜でもあり〜でもある」(既...又...){你|Nǐ} {何必|hébì} {买|mǎi} {这么|zhème} {贵|guì} { cultural |de} {鞋|xié} {呢|ne}？
わざわざそんな高い靴を買う必要ないんじゃない？
中国語の「なぜわざわざ〜するのか」: 何必 (hébì){大家|Dàjiā} {都|dōu} {是|shì} {朋友|péngyǒu}，{何必|hébì} {吵架|chǎojià} {呢|ne}？
みんな友達なんだから、ケンカすることないでしょ？
中国語の「なぜわざわざ〜するのか」: 何必 (hébì)ヒントとコツ (4)
「了」は出禁です！
「カンマ」のルール
提案を優しくするコツ
お買い物の「道（ダオ）」
重要な語彙 (7)
Real-World Preview
Discussing a Party
Review Summary
- Subject + 是 + [Detail] + Verb + 的
- Verb + Result (e.g., 懂, 完, 见)
- 既 + Adj/Verb + 又 + Adj/Verb
- 与其 + A + 不如 + B
- 至于 + Topic, ...
- 关于 + Topic, ...
- 对于 + Topic, ...
- 何必 + Verb + (呢)?
よくある間違い
When using the 'shi...de' structure, do not use the past particle 'le'. The 'shi...de' itself implies the past.
'Guanyu' introduces a topic scope, but 'Duiyu' is used when expressing a personal attitude or reaction toward that topic.
The 'ji...you...' pattern requires both parts. You cannot omit the 'you' before the second quality.
このチャプターのルール (8)
Next Steps
You've just unlocked some of the most powerful structures in Chinese! Your ability to express 'why', 'how', and 'which one' has grown immensely. Keep practicing these in your daily conversations!
Write a diary entry about your day using 'shi...de' for 3 facts.
Practice saying 'Why bother' (何必) in response to common unnecessary worries.
クイック練習 (10)
どれが正しいですか？
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フォーマルな「〜でもあり〜でもある」(既...又...)
正しい表現を選んでください：
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語の「なぜわざわざ〜するのか」: 何必 (hébì)
手机还能用，你 ___ 买新的呢？
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語の「なぜわざわざ〜するのか」: 何必 (hébì)
Arrange these words: [关于, 我, 很, 中国菜, ，, 喜欢]
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: トピックについて話す：「〜について」と「〜に関する」(关于, 有关)
他对于我很好。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜に関して」の表現：{对于|duìyú}の使い方
Which of these is grammatically correct?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: トピックについて話す：「〜について」と「〜に関する」(关于, 有关)
並べ替え： [漂亮, 既, 妹妹, 又, 聪明]
既、1つ目の形容詞、 又、2つ目の形容詞と続きます。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フォーマルな「〜でもあり〜でもある」(既...又...)
並べ替え：[买] [在网上] [我] [ cultural 的] [是]
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去の出来事を強調する（是...的）
我在看一本___历史的书。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: トピックについて話す：「〜について」と「〜に関する」(关于, 有关)
____ 这个计划，你同意吗？
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜に関して」の表現：{对于|duìyú}の使い方
Score: /10
