Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the intricate beauty of Arabic verb patterns to express complex actions, states, and intentions with precision.
- Construct advanced verb forms II through X to expand your vocabulary.
- Utilize the passive voice and subjunctive mood for nuanced communication.
- Navigate irregular root transformations in hollow and defective verbs.
Unlock the rhythm and logic of Arabic verb architecture.
배울 내용
Explore Arabic verb forms (أوزان) including Forms III-X, the passive voice, and the subjunctive mood.
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아랍어 미래형: sa와 sawfa로 계획 세우기 (سـ & سوف)현재형 동사 앞에 간단히 «سـ»나 «سوف»를 붙여서 멋진 미래 계획을 세워보세요!
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아랍어 동사 제3형: 사회적 및 공유된 동작 (فَاعَلَ)3형 동사는 혼자 하는 행동을 '누군가와 함께' 또는 '노력해서' 하는 상호작용으로 바꿔주는 마법의 틀이에요. 핵심 패턴은 «فَاعَلَ», «يُفَاعِلُ», «مُفَاعَلَة»입니다.
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아랍어 제8형 동사 (اِفْتَعَلَ): 의도적인 행동 패턴단순한 동작을 넘어서 '의도적인 노력'이나 '함께 하는 경험'을 표현할 때 써요. «اِفْتَعَلَ» 패턴을 기억하세요!
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부정 명령문: 하지 마! (لا + 단축형)상대방에게 «~하지 마!»라고 명령할 때는 «لا» 뒤에 동사의 끝 모음을 자른
단축법(Jussive)형태를 사용하면 완벽해요! -
불완전 동사: 어미가 사라질 때 (Naqis)모음으로 끝나는 동사를 변화시킬 땐, 복수형이나 여성형 어미가 붙으면서 마지막 모음이 «탈락»한다는 걸 꼭 기억하세요!
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제6형: "함께 하기" & "척하기" 동사 (tafāʿala)6형 동사는 '우리'를 위한 동사예요! 서로 소통하거나 무언가인 '척'할 때 쓰는 «تَفَاعَلَ», «تَعَاوَنَ», «تَظَاهَرَ» 같은 단어들이 핵심이랍니다.
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아랍어 동사 제4형: 행동하게 만들기 (Af'ala)4형 동사(أَفْعَلَ)는 내가 직접 움직이는 게 아니라 대상을 '하게 만드는' 사역의 의미를 담고 있어요! «أَرْسَلَ», «أَعْلَمَ», «أَغْلَقَ» 같은 단어들이 대표적이죠.
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중간 모음 동사: 사라지는 중간 글자 (Qāla, Rāḥa)약동사는 '나', '우리', '너'를 주어로 쓸 때 리듬을 살려 중간 모음을 슥 빼버리는 게 포인트예요.
Qultu, "Bi'tu«, »Nimtu" 같은 배지들처럼 짧고 빠르게 발음하세요! -
파생 동사의 명사형 (Masdar 2-10형)복잡한 동사를 고정된 명사로 바꿔서 «تَحْدِيث» (업데이트), «مُشَارَكَة» (공유), «اجْتِمَاع» (회의) 같은 멋진 단어들을 만들어보세요.
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아랍어 접속법: 욕구와 희망 표현하기 (أريد أن)내 마음의 소망이나 의지를 전할 땐 «의지», «희망», «요구»를 뜻하는 동사 뒤에 «أن»을 붙여보세요!
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아랍어 동사 제2형: 강조와 사역 (faʿʿala)중간 글자를 두 번 발음하는
faʿʿala패턴은 단순한 동작을 '하게 만들거나' 혹은 '강도를 높여주는' 아주 파워풀한 도구예요! -
아랍어 수동태: '~되었다' 표현하기 (فُعِلَ / يُفْعَلُ)과거는
U-I, 현재는U-A모음 변화만 기억하면 아랍어 수동태도 식은 죽 먹기예요! «فُعِلَ»와 «يُفْعَلُ» 패턴에 익숙해져 보세요. -
아랍어 동사 5형: 재귀 동사 (tafa33ala)5형 동사(
tafa33ala)는 동작의 화살표를 나에게 돌리는 마법이에요. «직접 하기», «변화하기», «상태 되기»를 표현할 때 사용하세요.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Derive the active and passive forms of complex verbs from their three-letter roots.
챕터 가이드
Overview
Welcome to
Advanced Verb Forms and Patternsfor CEFR B1 Arabic learners! This chapter is your gateway to expressing more complex ideas and understanding the nuanced meanings embedded in Arabic verbs. Moving beyond the basic Form I, you will delve into a world where verb patterns, known as أوزان (awzān), dramatically change a verb's meaning, indicating actions like causation, reciprocity, reflexivity, and intention.
Mastering these advanced verb forms—specifically Forms II, III, IV, V, VI, and VIII—along with the passive voice and the subjunctive mood, will significantly expand your communicative abilities. You'll learn to articulate future plans using سـ (sa-) and سوف (sawfa), issue negative commands, and navigate the unique challenges of defective and hollow verbs. This chapter will empower you to move beyond simple statements and engage with Arabic in a richer, more sophisticated way.
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to form and understand complex sentences, express desires and conditions, and recognize how verb patterns shape meaning, making your Arabic much more expressive and accurate. This knowledge is crucial for fluency and for appreciating the depth of the Arabic language.
How This Grammar Works
This section details the mechanics of advanced Arabic verb forms and grammatical patterns, providing essential tools for expressing sophisticated ideas.
Arabic Future Tense: Planning with سـ (sa) & سوف (sawfa)
To express future actions, attach the prefix سـ (sa-) directly to the imperfect (present tense) verb, or use the separate word سوف (sawfa) before the imperfect verb. Both mean
will but سوف (sawfa) often implies a slightly more distant future or a more formal tone.سأذهب إلى السوق غداً.
Sa-adhhabu ilā as-sūqi ghadan.
I will go to the market tomorrow.
سوف ندرس العربية العام القادم.
Sawfa nadrusu al-ʿarabiyyah al-ʿām al-qādim.
We will study Arabic next year.
Arabic Verb Form II (فَعَّلَ / faʿʿala): The
Doubled PatternForm II verbs often indicate intensification, causation, or making something happen. The middle radical of the root is doubled.
عَلَّمَ (ʿallama) - to teach (from عَلِمَ 'alima - to know)
هو يعلّم الطلاب.
Huwa yuʿallimu aṭ-ṭullāb.
He teaches the students.
Arabic Verb Form III (فَاعَلَ / fāʿala): Social & Shared Actions
Form III typically implies interaction, reciprocity, or an attempt to do something with or to someone. It has a long 'ā' after the first radical.
سَاعَدَ (sāʿada) - to help (from سَعَدَ saʿada - to be happy/lucky)
هي تساعد أصدقائها دائماً.
Hiya tusāʿidu aṣdiqāʾahā dāʾiman.
She always helps her friends.
Arabic Verb Form IV (أَفْعَلَ / afʿala): Making Things Happen
Form IV verbs are often causative, meaning
to make someone or something do Xor
to put something into a state of X.It starts with an 'a' prefix.
أَكْرَمَ (akrama) - to honor (from كَرُمَ karuma - to be noble)
أكرم الضيف في بيته.
Akrama aḍ-ḍayfa fī baytihi.
He honored the guest in his house.
Arabic Verb Form V (تَفَعَّلَ / tafaʿʿala): The Reflexive
Self VerbForm V is often the reflexive or passive of Form II, indicating an action done to oneself or a gradual process. It starts with 'ta-' and doubles the middle radical.
تَكَلَّمَ (takallama) - to speak, to talk (from كَلَّمَ kallama - to address)
هو يتكلّم العربية بطلاقة.
Huwa yatakallamu al-ʿarabiyyah biṭalāqah.
He speaks Arabic fluently.
Arabic Verb Form VI (تَفَاعَلَ / tafāʿala): The
Do It Together & Faking It VerbsForm VI often expresses reciprocal action between two or more parties (
doing it together), or pretense (faking it). It starts with 'ta-' and has a long 'ā' after the first radical.تَشَاوَرَ (tashāwara) - to consult together (from شَاوَرَ shāwara - to consult)
تشاوروا حول المشروع الجديد.
Tashāwarū ḥawla al-mashrūʿ al-jadīd.
They consulted together about the new project.
Arabic Verb Form VIII (اِفْتَعَلَ / iftaʿala): The 'Intentional' Pattern
Form VIII often denotes an action done deliberately or for oneself, or acquiring something. It inserts a 't' after the first radical.
اِجْتَمَعَ (ijtamaʿa) - to gather, meet (from جَمَعَ jamaʿa - to collect)
اجتمع الفريق لمناقشة الخطة.
Ijtamaʿa al-farīq li-munāqashati al-khuṭṭah.
The team gathered to discuss the plan.
The Arabic Subjunctive: Expressing 'To' and Desires (أريد أن)
The subjunctive mood is used after certain particles like أن (an - that, to), لكي (li-kay - in order to), or حتى (ḥattā - until, in order to). It indicates purpose, desire, or possibility. The present tense verb's ending changes: a final damma (ـُ) becomes a fatḥa (ـَ), and the final ن (n) is dropped for dual, plural, and feminine singular 'you' forms.
أريد أن أدرس اللغة الإنجليزية.
Urīdu an adrusa al-lughah al-injlīziyyah.
I want to study English.
Arabic Passive Voice: It was done (فُعِلَ / يُفْعَلُ)
The passive voice is used when the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant. For past tense, the first radical gets a damma (ـُ) and the second gets a kasra (ـِ) (فُعِلَ fuʿila). For present tense, the first radical gets a damma (ـُ) and the second gets a fatḥa (ـَ) (يُفْعَلُ yufʿalu).
The direct object of the active verb becomes the subject (نائب الفاعل nāʾib al-fāʿil) of the passive verb.
كُتِبَ الكتاب أمس.
Kutiba al-kitāb ams.
The book was written yesterday.
Negative Commands: Don't do it! (لا + Jussive)
To form a negative command, use لا (lā) followed by the jussive form of the present tense verb. The jussive mood changes verb endings: a final damma (ـُ) becomes a sukūn (ـْ), and the final ن (n) is dropped for dual, plural, and feminine singular 'you' forms. Weak vowels are also dropped in specific cases.
لا تذهب الآن.
Lā tadhhab al-ān.
Don't go now.
Defective Verbs: When endings disappear (Naqis)
Defective verbs are those whose third radical is a weak letter (و or ي). Their endings can change or disappear, especially in the jussive and subjunctive moods.
هو يرمي الكرة. (Imperfect indicative - He throws the ball)
Huwa yarmī al-kurah.
لم يرمِ الكرة. (Jussive - He did not throw the ball)
Lam yarmi al-kurah.
Hollow Verbs: The Disappearing Middle Letter (Ajwaf)
Hollow verbs have a weak letter (و or ي) as their middle radical. This letter often disappears or changes, particularly in the past tense when a suffix begins with a sukūn, or in the jussive mood.
قال (qāla - he said) -> قلت (qultu - I said)
هو يقول الحقيقة. (Imperfect indicative - He says the truth)
Huwa yaqūlu al-ḥaqīqah.
لم يقل الحقيقة. (Jussive - He did not say the truth)
Lam yaqul al-ḥaqīqah.
Nouns from Complex Verbs (Masdars Forms II-X)
Each verb form (II-X) has a specific pattern for its verbal noun, or masdar, which functions like an English gerund or infinitive. Masdars represent the action or state of the verb as a noun.
تعليم (taʿlīm) - teaching (from عَلَّمَ ʿallama - Form II)
استخدام (istikhdām) - use, usage (from اِسْتَخْدَمَ istakhdama - Form X)
Common Mistakes
✗ أريد أن تذهبون إلى الحفلة.
✓ أريد أن تذهبوا إلى الحفلة.
Why: The subjunctive mood drops the final 'ن' for plural verb conjugations.
✗ لا تجلسين هنا! (To a single female)
✓ لا تجلسي هنا!
Why: The jussive mood for a singular feminine 'you' drops the final 'ن'.
✗ كُتِبَ القصة.
✓ كُتِبَتِ القصة.
Why: The passive verb must agree in gender with its subject (نائب الفاعل, nāʾib al-fāʿil), which is feminine here.
✗ لم يقول الطالب شيئاً.
✓ لم يقل الطالب شيئاً.
Why: In the jussive mood, the middle weak vowel of a hollow verb (like قال) is dropped.
✗ المريض لم يشفي.
✓ المريض لم يُشفَ. (Passive) or المريض لم يَشفِ. (Active, if referring to him curing someone)
Why: For defective verbs, the final weak letter is dropped or changed in the jussive. If it's a passive meaning
was not cured, it should be passive voice (يُشفَى / يُشفَ).
Real Conversations
A
A
هل سوف تسافر الصيف القادم؟
B
B
نعم، سأذهب إلى مصر لأزور عائلتي. أريد أن أتعلم المزيد عن تاريخها.
A
A
رائع! لا تنسَ أن تجرب الأطعمة المحلية.
Translation:
A
A
Will you travel next summer?
B
B
Yes, I will go to Egypt to visit my family. I want to learn more about its history.
A
A
Wonderful! Don't forget to try the local foods.
A
A
ماذا حدث هنا؟
B
B
تمّ إصلاح السيارة أمس. كان المحرك يحتاج إلى صيانة.
A
A
وهل تشاورتم مع الميكانيكي قبل الإصلاح؟
Translation:
A
A
What happened here?
B
B
The car was repaired yesterday. The engine needed maintenance.
A
A
And did you consult with the mechanic before the repair?
A
A
لم أستطع أن أفهم الدرس جيداً.
B
B
لا تقلق! يمكننا أن نتشاور معاً بعد الدوام. لا تترك المشكلة تتراكم.
A
A
شكراً لك، هذا سيساعدني كثيراً.
Translation:
A
A
I couldn't understand the lesson well.
B
B
Don't worry! We can consult together after work. Don't let the problem accumulate.
A
A
Thank you, this will help me a lot.
Quick FAQ
Q
What's the main difference between *sa-* (سـ) and *sawfa* (سوف) for the future tense?
Both indicate the future. *Sa-* (سـ) is generally used for the near future or is more common in spoken Arabic, while *sawfa* (سوف) can imply a slightly more distant future or is preferred in formal contexts. In many situations, they are interchangeable.
Q
How do I know which verb form (e.g., Form II vs. Form IV) to use for a specific meaning?
Unfortunately, there isn't a simple rule; it requires memorization and exposure. Each form often carries a general semantic connotation (e.g., Form II for intensification/causation, Form IV for causation). Over time, you'll develop an intuition for which form fits a particular meaning from a given root.
Q
Is the passive voice used often in Arabic?
Yes, the passive voice is quite common in Arabic, especially in news, formal writing, and when the agent of the action is unknown or deliberately omitted. It's an essential part of expressing ideas concisely and formally.
Q
What is a *masdar* (verbal noun) and why is it important for advanced learners?
A *masdar* is the verbal noun of a verb, representing the action itself (e.g., teaching, understanding). It's crucial because it allows you to use verb meanings as nouns in sentences, which is common in formal Arabic and for expressing abstract concepts or continuous actions. Each verb form has its own specific masdar pattern.
Cultural Context
The intricate system of Arabic verb forms is a testament to the language's depth and precision. These أوزان (awzān) are not just grammatical structures; they are embedded in the very fabric of Arabic thought and expression, allowing speakers to convey subtle nuances with a single word. In classical Arabic literature, poetry, and even contemporary formal speech, the mastery of these forms is highly valued, reflecting a speaker's eloquence and command of the language.
For instance, the use of a Form III verb might imply a social interaction crucial in Arab cultures, while a Form IV verb could highlight the act of initiating or causing something, a common theme in storytelling and discussions of agency. The prevalence of masdars in formal discourse and academic writing also underscores a cultural preference for expressing actions and concepts in their abstract, nominal forms, contributing to the richness and elegance of the language. Understanding these patterns not only improves your grammar but also offers a window into the logical and aesthetic foundations of Arabic communication.
주요 예문 (6)
1
2
3
4
5
6
팁과 요령 (4)
🎯
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 미래형: sa와 sawfa로 계획 세우기 (سـ & سوف)
'S'로 기억하는 꿀팁
سـ의 'S'는 'Soon(곧)'과 'Social(사회적 대화)'을 뜻한다고 생각하세요. 금방 일어날 일에 써보세요: «سأشتري القهوة الآن.»
🎯
'u' 소리를 찾아라!
현재형 동사가 'yu-', 'tu-'처럼 'u' 소리로 시작하고 중간에 'alif'가 보인다면 99% 3형 동사예요. 예를 들어 «يُسَافِرُ»처럼 말이죠.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 동사 제3형: 사회적 및 공유된 동작 (فَاعَلَ)
⚠️
10형과 헷갈리지 마세요!
8형 «اِسْتَمَعَ»는 'ist'로 시작해서 10형처럼 보일 수 있지만, 's'는 원래 뿌리 철자예요! 10형은 '요청'을, 8형은 '의도적 행동'을 뜻해요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 제8형 동사 (اِفْتَعَلَ): 의도적인 행동 패턴
⚠️
1인칭은 안 돼요!
«우리 ~하지 말자»라는 표현에는 'لا'를 쓰지 않아요. 나 자신에게 명령할 순 없으니까요. «لا أَذْهَبْ» 같은 말은 틀린 표현이에요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 부정 명령문: 하지 마! (لا + 단축형)
핵심 어휘 (5)
سوف (sawfa)
will (future marker)
أراد (arāda)
he wanted
تعلم (taʿallama)
he learned (Form V)
شارك (shāraka)
he participated (Form III)
فعل (fuʿila)
it was done (passive)
Real-World Preview
calendar
Making Plans
Review Summary
- sa/sawfa + imperfect
자주 하는 실수
The particle 'an' makes the verb subjunctive, requiring a fatha (a) instead of a damma (u) at the end.
Wrong:
أريد أن أذهبُ
정답:
أريد أن أذهبَ
Both are grammatically correct, but 'sa-' is more common for immediate future.
Wrong:
سوف أذهب غداً
정답:
سأذهب غداً
Passive voice requires specific internal vowel changes (damma then kasra).
Wrong:
كتب (passive)
정답:
كُتِبَ (passive)
이 챕터의 규칙 (13)
Next Steps
You have conquered the verb forms! Keep practicing to make them second nature.
Verb Conjugation Drill
빠른 연습 (10)
이 현재 수동태 문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아보세요.
Find and fix the mistake:
يَكْتَبُ الوَاجِبُ الآنَ.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: يُكْتَبُ الوَاجِبُ الآنَ.
현재 수동태 접두어는 담마(Yu-)로 시작하고, 두 번째 어근에는 파트하(-ta-)가 와야 해서 'Yuktabu'가 정답이에요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 수동태: '~되었다' 표현하기 (فُعِلَ / يُفْعَلُ)
알맞은 제2형 현재형 동사를 골라 빈칸을 채워보세요.
Huwa ___ al-lugha al-ʿarabiyya.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yudarrisu
3인칭 단수 '그'에 해당하는 제2형 현재형은 'yu-'로 시작하고 중간 글자에 샤다가 붙은
yudarrisu입니다.frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 동사 제2형: 강조와 사역 (faʿʿala)
문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요.
다음 중 맞는 문장은?
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: يجب أن يدرسوا بجد.
남성 복수형에서는 끝의 'n'을 빼고 소리 없는 알리프를 붙이는 게 규칙이에요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 접속법: 욕구와 희망 표현하기 (أريد أن)
수동태가 올바르게 사용된 문장을 고르세요.
문법적으로 맞는 문장은 무엇일까요?
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: سُرِقَ المَالُ.
수동태 문장에서 대리 주어(Al-mal)는 반드시 담마(u)로 끝나야 하므로 'Al-malu'가 맞아요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 수동태: '~되었다' 표현하기 (فُعِلَ / يُفْعَلُ)
다음 문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾으세요.
Anā ta'allamtu al-darsa. (나는 그 수업을 가르쳤다).
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Anā 3allamtu al-darsa. (나는 그 수업을 가르쳤다)
영어 문장은 '가르쳤다'이므로 2형(
3allama)을 써야 합니다. ta3allamtu는 5형으로 '배웠다'는 뜻이에요.frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 동사 5형: 재귀 동사 (tafa33ala)
현재형 접두사의 모음 오류를 찾아 수정하세요.
Find and fix the mistake:
يَسَافِرُ أَحْمَد إِلَى لَنْدَن كُلَّ عَام.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: يُسَافِرُ أَحْمَد إِلَى لَنْدَن كُلَّ عَام.
3형 동사의 현재형은 반드시 'u' 소리(yusāfiru)로 시작해야 합니다.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 동사 제3형: 사회적 및 공유된 동작 (فَاعَلَ)
'프로젝트를 끝냈어'라는 뜻의 문장을 고르세요.
올바른 사역 의미의 문장은?
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أَنْهَيْتُ المَشْرُوعَ.
'أَنْهَيْتُ'는 '내가 끝냈다'는 4형 과거형이에요. 1형 'نَهَيْتُ'는 금지했다는 뜻이 된답니다.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 동사 제4형: 행동하게 만들기 (Af'ala)
(Kataba - كَتَبَ)의 알맞은 과거 수동태 형태를 넣어보세요.
الرِّسَالَةُ ___ أَمْسِ.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: كُتِبَتْ
'Al-risala'가 여성 명사이고 어제 일어난 일이므로 과거 수동태 여성형인 'Kutibat'을 써야 해요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 수동태: '~되었다' 표현하기 (فُعِلَ / يُفْعَلُ)
다음 문장에 가장 어울리는 번역을 고르세요.
Choose the translation for: 'قررت أن أذهب'
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 가기로 결정했어.
Qarrartu는 '결정하다'라는 뜻의 제2형 과거형입니다.frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 동사 제2형: 강조와 사역 (faʿʿala)
괄호 안의 동사 (أكل)를 알맞은 접속법 형태로 바꿔 빈칸을 채우세요.
أريد أن ___ بيتزا اليوم.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: آكلَ
أن 뒤에 오는 1인칭 단수 동사는 끝에 fatha(-a)를 붙여야 해요.frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아랍어 접속법: 욕구와 희망 표현하기 (أريد أن)
Score: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (6)
핵심은 시간과 느낌이에요!
Sa (سـ)는 가까운 미래와 일상 대화에, Sawfa (سوف)는 먼 미래나 격식 있는 글에 주로 써요: «سأنام الآن.»단어
Lan (لن)을 앞에 쓰고 동사 끝을 'a' 발음으로 바꿔주면 돼요. 예를 들어 «لن أذهبَ» (안 갈 거예요) 처럼요.가장 핵심은 '상호작용'이에요. 혼자 하는 게 아니라 누군가와 함께하거나, 대상을 향해 의도적인 노력을 기울이는 느낌이죠. 예를 들어 «رَاسَلَ»는 누군가와 메시지를 주고받는 것을 뜻해요.
접두사를 'u' 소리(yu-, tu-, nu-, a-)로 시작하고, 첫 글자 뒤에 'alif'를 유지한 채 끝에서 두 번째 글자에 'i' 소리(kasra)를 넣으세요. «يُسَافِرُ»처럼요.
아랍어 동사 뿌리에 Alif와 Taa를 추가해서 만드는 패턴이에요. 기본 동사의 의미에 '의도적인 노력'이나 '서로 주고받는 행동'의 뉘앙스를 더해준답니다. «اِفْتَعَلَ»가 기본 모양이에요.
주어가 행동을 하면서 동시에 그 행동의 영향을 직접 받는 상태를 말해요. 능동태와 수동태의 중간쯤이라고 생각하면 쉬워요. 예를 들어 «اِبْتَسَمَ»(미소 짓다) 같은 단어가 있죠.
